(共77张PPT)
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
头脑风暴·思维发散
What is a natural disaster It is a sudden and terrible event in nature, such as a hurricane, tornado, or flood, that usually results in serious damage and many deaths. In our human history,we human beings have been seriously affected by kinds of disasters, which usually cost our lives and possessions. However,why are there more and more disasters in our world What should we do in the face of such disasters
Part 1 Starting out,Understanding ideas,Using language
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
语法专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与自然——自然灾害及其防范和应对措施。
2.语篇类型:个人故事。
3.课文内容分析:作者结合自身的感受,生动地描述了伦敦的酷热天气,并由反常的
天气联想到自然灾害,引发对环境问题的思考。课前的导入活动呈现了迄今为止
有记录的地球上的最高温和最低温,引导学生思考极端气温可能给人类带来的问
题,引发学生的环保意识和灾害防范意识,培养学生积极乐观的人生态度。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
hottest
one
last
disaster
space
重点词汇
1.Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station,I see the title “Hot!
Hot! Hot!”.(教材第62页)
在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸,我看到一个标题写着“热!热!热!”。
核心知识·深入探究
◆pick up捡起;使搭乘;搭救;学得;获得;接收;整理
The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.
公交车在机场外接送乘客。
The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.
设备接收到卫星发出的信号。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He just picked (he) up and went on running.
②This picture was taken twenty years ago.I wonder if you can pick my
younger brother .
③He picked some French words while living with a Frenchman.
himself
out
up
2.This,however,is nothing compared to the train.(教材第62页) 不过这还远
远比不上车厢里面。
◆compare v.比较,对比
A teacher is often compared to a candle.That’s because their devotion to work is beyond/without compare.
老师常被比作蜡烛。那是因为他们对工作的投入是无与伦比的。
However,that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus,
which accommodated around 250,000 people.(2021年全国乙卷,阅读理解A)
然而,与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比,这只是小巫见大巫。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison New
York’s skyscrapers.
②The critic compared his work that of Martin Amis.
with
to
3.Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded.
(教材第63页)
这样就算高楼大厦都被洪水淹没了,我也能活下来。
◆survive vt.& vi.幸免于难;挺过;艰难度过
Of those wounded men in the battle only three survived.
战斗中负伤的那些人中只有三个活了下来。
I’m sure she will survive this crisis.
我确信她会渡过这个难关的。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Only a child (survive) in the earthquake last night.
②Leaders came to the hospital to visit the (survive) of the
accident.
③What did you survive in the desert
survived
survivors
on
4.What’s more,heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides,and
the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.(教材第63页)
还有,东欧的暴雨造成了山体滑坡,席卷南欧的热浪引发了森林火灾。
◆cause v.导致,使发生 n.……的原因
The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.收成不好导致价格急剧上涨。
Drunk driving is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.
酒后驾驶是交通事故最常见的原因之一。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Changes in lifestyle and diet over the last twenty years .
(cause) a sharp increase in childhood obesity.
②In the summer of 2017,a terrible flood broke out in that country,
(cause) great loss to the people there.
have caused
causing
5.Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.(教材
第63页)
专家说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。
◆occur vi.发生
When exactly did the incident occur
这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的
The idea occurred to him in a dream.
这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①You need to hand in a report,explaining how the idea (occur)
to you.
②Whooping cough (百日咳) (occur) mainly in young children.
occurred
occurs
6.International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.(教材
第65页)
国际救援队很快就开始抵达该国。
◆rescue vt. & n.营救,解救;救援,营救
The child who fell into the river would have died if the young man hadn’t come to his rescue.
要不是那个青年相救,落水的孩子早就没命了。
Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.
直升机从失火大楼的楼顶救出了将近20人。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①At that time I really didn’t know what to do and it was you who
(将我从尴尬的境况中解救
出来).
② (救援人员) arrived at the scene two minutes
later.
rescued me from the embarrassing situation
Rescuers/Rescue workers
7.Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff,
but also included earthquake experts. (教材第65页)
它由62人组成,不仅包括救援人员和医疗人员,还包括地震专家。
◆consist of ... 由……组成
The beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colours.
这幅画的美在于它的色彩均衡。
The buffet consisted of several different Indian dishes.
这顿自助餐由几种不同的印度菜组成。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①We all figure that it is (consist) with the theme of
the passage.
②A team of researchers trained three monkeys to associate 26 clearly
different symbols consisting numbers.
③What you said does not consist what you did.
consistent
of
with
重点句式
1.Looking through my newspaper,I’m shocked by photos showing that a
hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.(教材第63页)
我翻阅着手里的报纸,震惊地看到亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。
◆v.-ing作伴随状语或后置定语
The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon,lasting 2 hours,from 4:00 to 6:00.
这部影片将在本周日下午放映,持续两个小时,从4:00到6:00。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing more patients to be treated.
近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备,使得更多的病人得到治疗。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
① (长大)in England, he knows a lot about its culture.
②He was walking along the street, (唱着歌).
Growing up
singing a song
2.Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth,perhaps I should
start thinking about moving to space...(教材第63页)
既然在地球上难逃一劫,或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……
◆now that引导原因状语从句
Now that you’ve listed your strengths,list your imperfections.
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
既然你列出了你的优点,那就再列出你的缺点。
Now that we’ve finished our work,we can go out to play for a while.
既然我们已把工作干完了,我们可以出去玩一会儿了。
Some stars look small only because they are much farther away from us.
一些星星看起来很小,只是因为它们离我们很远。
Since it is raining,let’s get down to something else.
既然天在下雨,咱们干点别的事吧。
You don’t have to go with me,as you have a lot of work to do.
你有很多工作要做,就不必跟我去了。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下过雨,因为地面湿漉漉的。
归纳拓展
语境运用
翻译句子(英译汉)
①She got the job because she was the best candidate.
②He must have passed this way, for here are his footprints.
③Now that you have got your license,why not drive the car yourself
④As he didn’t know much English,he had some difficulties in reading the
book.
她得到了那份工作,因为她是最佳人选。
他肯定是从这条路走过去的,这里有他的脚印。
既然你已经拿到了驾照,为什么不自己开车呢
他对英语懂得不多,因此他读这本书有一些困难。
长难句分析
Sure enough,going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting.(教材第62页)
果不其然,走下楼梯,来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。
句中going down the stairs and onto the platform 作后面is的主语;jumping into a volcano 作介词like的宾语;that’s erupting是that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的先行词volcano。
语境运用
单句情境写作
①他的受伤可能使他无法参加下周的比赛,这场比赛对于球队的最终胜利至关重要。
.
.
②出国留学就意味着离开生活了18年的家乡。
.
..
His being injured could mean missing next week’s game that is extremely important to his team’s final victory.
Studying abroad is namely leaving his hometown where he lived 18 years.
备用讲义
1.How did people there react to the disaster (教材第61页)
那里的人们对灾难有什么反应
◆react vi.作出反应,回应;有影响,起作用;反抗
An acid reacts with a base to form a salt.酸与碱产生化学反应形成盐。
People react strongly against tax increases.人们强烈反对增税。
He reacted angrily to accusations of disloyalty.有人指责他不忠,他非常气愤。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Iron reacts water and air to produce rust.
②Her parents’ reaction the news was surprisingly calm.
with
to
2.I hope I can make it to Bank station...(教材第62页)希望我能撑到银行站……
◆make it vt.准时到达,赶上;获得成功;规定时间
I think we’ll just make it if we hurry up!如果抓点紧,我想我们能及时到达。
The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
(2019年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C)
团队希望不久就能成功上市。
I don’t know whether I can make it in science.我不知道我能否在科学上获得成功。
I’m busy today,so let’s make it another time.今天我很忙,咱们另约时间吧。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Facing so many troubles,he is considering how to make it .
②Few people thought he could succeed,but he finally made .
through
it
3.So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it’s best to check an
official, scientific report. (教材第65页)
因此,为了得到准确可靠的预测,最好是查阅官方的科学报告。
◆reliable adj.可信赖的,可依靠的
Now we rely heavily on computers to organise our work.
现在,我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。
You shouldn’t rely on me to help you with your math.
你不应该指望我帮你学数学。
Miller is a quiet and reliable man.
米勒是个话不多且可靠的人。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①It could also help find ways to get better and more (rely)
information about how to improve people’s memory.
②He’s not worried about his car’s (reliable) at all.
③Many people rely on relatives (help) take care of their
children.
reliable
reliability
reliability
语法专项指导
省略句
语法原句再现
①It’s just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as
well as one of the deepest.(教材第62页)
②It’s lovely at the beach,but not so when you’re wearing a suit and in
a crowd of passengers!(教材第62页)
③My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low.(教材
第63页)
在以上句子中,为了使句意更加紧密或为了避免重复,而将前面或后面出现过的词语省略,或因习惯上的用法而省略部分词语,如此构成的句子叫省略句。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
一、句中成分的省略
类型 例句
简单句中的省略 人称(有时包括谓语)的省略 (This is) Jane speaking.我是简。(打电话用语)
问句本身及回答的省略 —(Are you) tired
——(你)累吗
—Yes,I am (tired).
——累。
感叹句根据上下文的省略 How beautiful (it is)!(它)真美丽!
名词所有格后的名词,如果是表示住宅、店铺或上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常省略 You can buy it at the chemist’s (store).
这个你可以在药房里买到。
We had lunch at Bill’s (house).我们在比尔家吃了午饭。
表示年龄的years old、表示钟点的o’clock等常省略 I usually get up at seven (o’clock).我通常在七点钟起床。
介词的省略 I believe you have no difficulty (in) doing these.我相信你做这些是没有困难的。
不定式的省略 —Don’t be late.
——不要来晚了。
—I’ll try not to (be late).
——我尽量不来晚。
并列句中的省略 主语的省略 Your behaviour made me happy but (your behaviour) made Tom angry. 你的行为使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
谓语动词的省略 My office is on the ground floor and hers (is) on the first.我的办公室在一层,她的在二层。
Reading means a full man,conference (means) a ready man,and writing (means ) an exact man.阅读使人充实,交谈使人敏捷,写作使人缜密。
主语和谓语动词的一并省略 To some life is pleasure,and to others (life is) suffering.对于一些人来讲,生活是快乐;对于其他一些人,生活则是苦难。
My brothers and I were not very wealthy, but (my brothers and I were) so happy. 我的兄弟们和我都不是很富有,但我们很快乐。
复合句中的省略 主句中的省略。常见于句首或回答问题时,只用从句 —Why are you late
——你为何迟到了
—(I’m late) Because my watch doesn’t work.
——因为我的手表坏了。
从句中的
省略 She can’t come,but I wonder why (she can’t come).她不能来,但我不知为什么。
He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.他做出了与以前一样的回答。
I’ll lend you one if (it is) necessary.必要的话我就借给你一个。
二、不定式符号to的省略
1.并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
我告诉他坐下等一会儿。
2.help 当“帮助”讲时,后面的宾语或宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。
I will help (to) do it for you.
我会帮你做的。
3.but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to。
The boy did nothing but play.
这个男孩除了玩什么也没做。
4.某些使役动词(let,make,have)及感官动词(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,
feel,look at,listen to等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动
语态中须将to复原。
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
我看到这个男孩从树上掉下来了。
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
这个男孩被(我)看到从树上掉下来了。
5.主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。
All we can do now is (to) wait.
我们现在能做的就是等。
6.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但后面的语序有变化。
(1)Had they time,they would certainly come and help us.
如果他们有时间,他们一定会来帮助我们。
(2)Were I you,I would do the work better.
如果我是你,我会把工作做得更好。
(3)Should there be a flood,what should we do
如果那里有洪水,我们应该做什么
语境运用
将下列句子中可以省略的部分用括号标出
①—What made Tony so upset
—I believe losing the game made Tony so upset.It shocked him so much.
答案:①—What made Tony so upset
—I believe losing the game (made Tony so upset).It shocked him so much.
②She usually does her exercises on weekdays,so that she won’t have to
do her exercises on Sundays.
答案:②She usually does her exercises on weekdays,so that she won’t have to (do her exercises) on Sundays.
③The old tower must be saved,whatever the cost may be.
答案:③The old tower must be saved,whatever the cost (may be).
④John paused as if he was expecting Mary to speak.
答案:④John paused as if (he was) expecting Mary to speak.
⑤One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and the other
side of the board should be painted white.
答案:⑤One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and the other (side of the board should be painted) white.
真题赏析
1.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”
where the glow would fade when (expose) to daylight.
(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D改编)
2.Dr Jubilado first met the Bajau while (grow) up on Samal
Island in the Philippines.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解D改编)
答案及剖析:
1.exposed 根据句意可知,expose的动作发出者与前句the glow would fade的主语一致,且与之为被动关系,所以承前省略the glow/it is,用exposed。
2.growing 根据句意可知,grow的动作发出者与前句Dr Jubilado first met the Bajau的主语一致,且与之为主动关系,所以承前省略Dr Jubilado was,用growing。
exposed
growing
3.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able
to better support her family while (do) something she loves:
nursing.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读B改编)
答案及剖析:
3.doing 根据句意可知,do的动作发出者与句子主语she之间为主动关系,可以承前省略she was,而用doing。
doing
语法专项训练
完成句子(用省略结构完成句子)
1.While (沿街走着),I heard my name called.
2. (如果被录用) for the job,you’ll be informed soon.
3.It might have saved me some trouble (如果我知道)
the schedule.
4. (如果有必要的话), we may turn to him for help.
5.Though he was tired,he decided to finish his homework.(改为省略句)
,he decided to finish his homework.
6.The workers just carried out the order as they were told.(改为省略句)
The workers just carried out the order .
walking along the street
If accepted
had I known
If necessary
Though tired
as told
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.When (compare) with the size of the whole earth,the highest
mountain doesn’t seem high at all.
2.John is very (rely)—if he promises to do something,he will do
it.
3.She found it (extreme) difficult to get a job.
4.It (expect) that the report will suggest some major
reforms.
5.It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to
change his mind.
compared
reliable
extremely
is expected
that
6.Nobody knows (precise) how many people are living in
the camp.
7.We did nothing but (watch) TV last night.
8.At the age of five he showed (exception) talent as a
musician.
9.Many companies are suffering a shortage of skilled staff.
10.The sky was dark and (threaten).
precisely
watch
exceptional
from
threatening
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.Yesterday afternoon,Li Ming and I (一起
回家时) after school when we saw an old lady knocked down by a car.
2.Parents spend (平均为)$ 220 a year on toys
for children.
3. (既然你
对中国传统文化感兴趣),I think this festival will be a worthwhile
experience for you.
4.There were 25 countries taking part in the 9th China International
Garden Expo, (使其成为历史之最).
5.If you sing the song several times,your children will begin to
(学单词).
were going home together
an average of
Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures
making it the greatest in the history
pick up the words
6. (面临即将到来的风险),all the
companies should take necessary measures.
7.The nutritionist said to me that (吃太多
快餐) will be harmful to my health.
In the face of the risks to come
eating too much fast food
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Maggie had never experienced an earthquake before,only prepared for it.As long as she could remember, preparing for an earthquake was routine (常规的) at school.Her family as well had made plans in the event of a natural disaster.Earthquakes are so much more common on the West Coast of the United States.
Today Maggie was at home alone.Maggie knew her mum would be driving home on the busy freeway, thinking about preparing supper for Maggie’s dad.Maggie’s dad would arrive at the airport.He was coming home from a two-week business trip.
Maggie arrived home from school at the regular time.She was taking some biscuits from the kitchen cupboard when she felt it.First it was just a tremor (微震), then it became a violent shaking.Maggie quickly ran under the large,wooden table in the dining room.The sounds of breaking glass and the crashing (坠落) of many things were frightening.But the table remained undamaged, and Maggie hid herself in fear.
After what seemed like a century the earthquake appeared to be over.Maggie could hear the sound of water rushing below her in the basement.The smell of natural gas was present in the air.Maggie knew where the main water valve(阀门) was located.Dad had shown her where it was and how to turn it off.Slowly and carefully she came out from the table.The once tidy home was now almost unrecognisable.As Maggie reached the open basement door she could see the steps were still in good condition.She carefully made her way down into the dark basement.While still on the steps she felt the water rising and rising.Suddenly Maggie felt a lot of pain as a large ceiling beam (横梁) hit her head and shoulder.She fell onto some storage boxes...
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公Maggie第一次遭遇地震的经历。阅读本文,有利于提升学生的防灾意识,引发学生思考如何提升防灾救灾能力。
1.What do we know about Maggie and her family
A.They lived in earthquake country.
B.They seldom prepared for an earthquake.
C.They had experienced an earthquake before.
D.They got an earthquake warning that morning.
答案及剖析:
1.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第一段中的“preparing for an earthquake was routine...West Coast of the United States”可以推断,Maggie 和她的家人住在地震带国家。故选A。
2.What was Maggie doing when the earthquake took place
A.She was about to clean her home.
B.She was about to enter her home.
C.She was looking for something to eat.
D.She was preparing supper for her family.
答案及剖析:
2.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“She was taking some biscuits from the kitchen cupboard”可知,地震发生时,Maggie正在找吃的东西。故选C。
3.Why did Maggie go to the basement
A.To close the basement door.
B.To find some storage boxes.
C.To turn off the main water valve.
D.To check where the rising water came from.
答案及剖析:
3.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段第四、第五句可知,Maggie 知道主水阀的位置,爸爸告诉过她,它在哪儿,怎么关掉它。由此推断,Maggie去地下室是为了关闭主水阀。故选C。
4.What’s the text mainly about
A.Maggie’s first trip to the West Coast.
B.Maggie’s first earthquake experience.
C.How Maggie survived a natural disaster.
D.How Maggie prepared for an earthquake.
答案及剖析:
4.B 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了Maggie第一次遭遇地震的经历。故选B。
B
Most people know something about the greenhouse effect.Factories send gases such as carbon dioxide, or CO2, into the atmosphere, the air around the earth.In the past, this wasn’t a problem because trees absorbed the CO2.But now people in many countries are cutting down billions of trees all around the world.At the same time, factories are sending more CO2 into the atmosphere.It’s difficult to believe, but factories put billions of tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year.One ton is over 2,000 pounds, so it is a lot of pollution.There is too much CO2 and there aren’t enough trees, so the world is getting warmer.In other words, we have a greenhouse effect.This is terrible for the environment.
What can we do about this First, we can stop using so much coal and oil.We can learn to use different kinds of energy: the sun, wind, steam from volcanoes, and heat from inside the earth.Second, instead of cutting down trees, we should plant more trees.One tree can absorb ten pounds carbon dioxide every year.
The trees are good for the earth’s atmosphere and for Guatemala (危地马拉).In small towns and villages in Guatemala, most women are not rich and have hard lives.Trees help them in three ways.First, the Connecticut factories pay them to plant the trees.Their pay is corn, not money.The corn is good for their children.
Second, these women know a lot about their environment.They know where to plant, when to plant, and what kinds of trees to plant.For example, they plant many fruit trees.The fruit gives them vitamins for their families’ diets.Other trees are good for firewood.In a few years, the women won’t spend so much time looking for firewood.Third, all these trees are good for the soil.Now rain can’t wash the soil down from the mountains so easily.
This plan isn’t enough to stop the greenhouse effect.However, it’s a start.The women of Guatemala are helping themselves and helping their environment.
语篇导读:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了温室效应发生的原因以及针对温室效应需要采取的措施。文章还介绍了危地马拉通过种树计划来改变气候和当地经济的例子。阅读本文,有利于学生进一步意识到温室效应的危害,提高学生的环保意识和生态安全意识。
5.Which of the following is NOT true
A.Factories send more CO2 into the atmosphere.
B.Trees can’t absorb the same CO2 as they did in the past.
C.Billions of trees are being cut down throughout the world.
D.The greenhouse effect is extremely bad for the environment.
答案及剖析:
5.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由文中第一段的“There is too much CO2 and there aren’t enough trees”可知,是因为树木越来越少,没有足够的树吸收二氧化碳,所以才无法像以前一样能吸收掉,而不是因为树木的吸收力不如以前了。故选B。
6.What’s the main idea of the second paragraph
A.The reasons why we should plant more trees.
B.Ways we can adopt to take heat from volcanoes.
C.Measures to be taken to forbid the use of coal and oil.
D.Things we can do to stop or reduce the greenhouse effect.
答案及剖析:
6.D 段落大意题。考查学生理解段落主旨要义的能力。由第二段内容可知,首先,我们可以停止使用煤和石油。我们可以学习使用不同种类的能源:太阳、风、来自火山的蒸汽和来自地球内部的热量。第二,我们应该多种树,而不是砍树。一棵树每年可以吸收10磅二氧化碳。所以第二段主要讲我们可以做些事情来阻止或减少温室效应。故选D。
7.How does planting trees help improve women’s lives in Guatemala
A.By preventing the greenhouse effect.
B.By developing their skills of planting trees.
C.By enabling them to earn more money to support their family.
D.By making them get corn and fruit to feed their family in return.
答案及剖析:
7.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由倒数第二段内容可知,首先,康涅狄格州的工厂付费让她们植树。她们的工资是玉米而不是钱。其次,她们种植许多果树。水果为她们家庭的饮食提供了维生素。其他的树是很好的柴火。在危地马拉,以获得的玉米和水果来养活家人帮助改善了危地马拉妇女的生活。故选D。
8.What’s the author’s attitude towards the plan of planting trees in
Guatemala
A.Critical. B.Neutral.
C.Positive. D.Doubtful.
答案及剖析:
8.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文中倒数第二段的第一句以及最后一段可知,作者对于在危地马拉种植树木的态度是积极的、乐观的。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
In many films,whenever Earth faces a disaster,the 1. (solve) is always fleeing the planet 2. spaceship.But now the Chinese sci-fi movie The Wandering Earth 3. (offer) a different and 4. (encourage) idea.In the film,Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun.In response,humans around the world work together 5. (build) a giant engine system,6. .
will push Earth away from the sun.This ambition didn’t come from nowhere.Up to now homeland 7. (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people.This special cultural background 8. (probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films.
The film was released on Feb 5,the first day of Chinese New Year of 2019.It was 9. time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 10.
(they) hometowns.So there is only one possible way to tell the story: Earth goes wherever humans go,because it’s our home.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍电影《流浪地球》相关的内容。阅读本文,有利于学生树立人类生存危机意识并引导学生对人类未来进行思考。
答案及剖析:
1.solution 考查名词。根据前文的定冠词可知此处应为名词,所以填solve的名词形式solution。
2.by 考查介词。by意为“通过……的方式”。故填by。
3.offers/is offering 考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语The Wandering Earth为单数,后面的动词应该是第三人称单数形式,所以填offers或is offering。
4.encouraging 考查v.-ing作定语。idea缺少修饰词,所以用encouraging作定语修饰。
5.to build 考查动词不定式的用法。前文已经有work作谓语,此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to build。
6.which 考查非限制性定语从句。先行词system为物,非限制性定语从句只能用which在从句中作主语。故填which。
7.has had 考查现在完成时。时间状语“up to now”意为“直到今日”,这是典型的现在完成时的时间状语。故填has had。
8.probably 考查副词。probably为副词,修饰后面的动词makes。故填probably。
9.a 考查冠词的用法以及固定句型。“It is a time when...”为固定句式,意为“……的时候”,应该用不定冠词a。故填a。
10.their 考查形容词性物主代词。hometowns前面缺定语,所以应该用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。Unit 6 Disaster and hope
What is a natural disaster It is a sudden and terrible event in nature, such as a hurricane, tornado, or flood, that usually results in serious damage and many deaths. In our human history,we human beings have been seriously affected by kinds of disasters, which usually cost our lives and possessions. However,why are there more and more disasters in our world What should we do in the face of such disasters
Part 1 Starting out,Understanding ideas,Using language
1.主题语境:人与自然——自然灾害及其防范和应对措施。
2.语篇类型:个人故事。
3.课文内容分析:作者结合自身的感受,生动地描述了伦敦的酷热天气,并由反常的天气联想到自然灾害,引发对环境问题的思考。课前的导入活动呈现了迄今为止有记录的地球上的最高温和最低温,引导学生思考极端气温可能给人类带来的问题,引发学生的环保意识和灾害防范意识,培养学生积极乐观的人生态度。
答案:1.hottest 2.one 3.last 4.disaster 5.space
1.Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station,I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot!”.(教材第62页)
在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸,我看到一个标题写着“热!热!热!”。
◆pick up捡起;使搭乘;搭救;学得;获得;接收;整理
The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.
公交车在机场外接送乘客。
The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.
设备接收到卫星发出的信号。
单句语法填空
①He just picked (he) up and went on running.
②This picture was taken twenty years ago.I wonder if you can pick my younger brother .
③He picked some French words while living with a Frenchman.
答案:①himself ②out ③up
2.This,however,is nothing compared to the train.(教材第62页) 不过这还远远比不上车厢里面。
◆compare v.比较,对比
A teacher is often compared to a candle.That’s because their devotion to work is beyond/without compare.
老师常被比作蜡烛。那是因为他们对工作的投入是无与伦比的。
However,that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus,which accommodated around 250,000 people.(2021年全国乙卷,阅读理解A)
然而,与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比,这只是小巫见大巫。
单句语法填空
①The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison New York’s skyscrapers.
②The critic compared his work that of Martin Amis.
答案:①with ②to
3.Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded.(教材第63页)
这样就算高楼大厦都被洪水淹没了,我也能活下来。
◆survive vt.& vi.幸免于难;挺过;艰难度过
Of those wounded men in the battle only three survived.
战斗中负伤的那些人中只有三个活了下来。
I’m sure she will survive this crisis.
我确信她会渡过这个难关的。
单句语法填空
①Only a child (survive) in the earthquake last night.
②Leaders came to the hospital to visit the (survive) of the accident.
③What did you survive in the desert
答案:①survived ②survivors ③on
4.What’s more,heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides,and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.(教材第63页)
还有,东欧的暴雨造成了山体滑坡,席卷南欧的热浪引发了森林火灾。
◆cause v.导致,使发生 n.……的原因
The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.收成不好导致价格急剧上涨。
Drunk driving is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.
酒后驾驶是交通事故最常见的原因之一。
单句语法填空
①Changes in lifestyle and diet over the last twenty years (cause) a sharp increase in childhood obesity.
②In the summer of 2017,a terrible flood broke out in that country, (cause) great loss to the people there.
答案:①have caused ②causing
5.Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.(教材第63页)
专家说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。
◆occur vi.发生
When exactly did the incident occur
这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的
The idea occurred to him in a dream.
这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
单句语法填空
①You need to hand in a report,explaining how the idea (occur) to you.
②Whooping cough (百日咳) (occur) mainly in young children.
答案:①occurred ②occurs
6.International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country. (教材第65页)
国际救援队很快就开始抵达该国。
◆rescue vt. & n.营救,解救;救援,营救
The child who fell into the river would have died if the young man hadn’t come to his rescue.
要不是那个青年相救,落水的孩子早就没命了。
Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.
直升机从失火大楼的楼顶救出了将近20人。
完成句子
①At that time I really didn’t know what to do and it was you who (将我从尴尬的境况中解救出来).
② (救援人员) arrived at the scene two minutes later.
答案:①rescued me from the embarrassing situation ②Rescuers/Rescue workers
7.Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts. (教材第65页)
它由62人组成,不仅包括救援人员和医疗人员,还包括地震专家。
◆consist of ... 由……组成
The beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colours.
这幅画的美在于它的色彩均衡。
The buffet consisted of several different Indian dishes.
这顿自助餐由几种不同的印度菜组成。
单句语法填空
①We all figure that it is (consist) with the theme of the passage.
②A team of researchers trained three monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting numbers.
③What you said does not consist what you did.
答案:①consistent ②of ③with
1.Looking through my newspaper,I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.(教材第63页)
我翻阅着手里的报纸,震惊地看到亚洲的飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。
◆v.-ing作伴随状语或后置定语
The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon,lasting 2 hours,from 4:00 to 6:00.
这部影片将在本周日下午放映,持续两个小时,从4:00到6:00。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing more patients to be treated.
近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备,使得更多的病人得到治疗。
完成句子
① (长大)in England, he knows a lot about its culture.
②He was walking along the street, (唱着歌).
答案:①Growing up ②singing a song
2.Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth,perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...(教材第63页)
既然在地球上难逃一劫,或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……
◆now that引导原因状语从句
Now that you’ve listed your strengths,list your imperfections.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
既然你列出了你的优点,那就再列出你的缺点。
Now that we’ve finished our work,we can go out to play for a while.
既然我们已把工作干完了,我们可以出去玩一会儿了。
Some stars look small only because they are much farther away from us.
一些星星看起来很小,只是因为它们离我们很远。
Since it is raining,let’s get down to something else.
既然天在下雨,咱们干点别的事吧。
You don’t have to go with me,as you have a lot of work to do.
你有很多工作要做,就不必跟我去了。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下过雨,因为地面湿漉漉的。
翻译句子(英译汉)
①She got the job because she was the best candidate.
②He must have passed this way, for here are his footprints.
③Now that you have got your license,why not drive the car yourself
④As he didn’t know much English,he had some difficulties in reading the book.
答案:①她得到了那份工作,因为她是最佳人选。
②他肯定是从这条路走过去的,这里有他的脚印。
③既然你已经拿到了驾照,为什么不自己开车呢
④他对英语懂得不多,因此他读这本书有一些困难。
Sure enough,going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting.
(教材第62页)
果不其然,走下楼梯,来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。
句中going down the stairs and onto the platform 作后面is的主语;jumping into a volcano 作介词like的宾语;that’s erupting是that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的先行词volcano。
单句情境写作
①他的受伤可能使他无法参加下周的比赛,这场比赛对于球队的最终胜利至关重要。
②出国留学就意味着离开生活了18年的家乡。
答案:①His being injured could mean missing next week’s game that is extremely important to his team’s final victory.
②Studying abroad is namely leaving his hometown where he lived 18 years.
1.How did people there react to the disaster (教材第61页)
那里的人们对灾难有什么反应
◆react vi.作出反应,回应;有影响,起作用;反抗
An acid reacts with a base to form a salt.酸与碱产生化学反应形成盐。
People react strongly against tax increases.人们强烈反对增税。
He reacted angrily to accusations of disloyalty.有人指责他不忠,他非常气愤。
单句语法填空
①Iron reacts water and air to produce rust.
②Her parents’ reaction the news was surprisingly calm.
答案:①with ②to
2.I hope I can make it to Bank station...(教材第62页)希望我能撑到银行站……
◆make it vt.准时到达,赶上;获得成功;规定时间
I think we’ll just make it if we hurry up!如果抓点紧,我想我们能及时到达。
The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.(2019年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C)
团队希望不久就能成功上市。
I don’t know whether I can make it in science.我不知道我能否在科学上获得成功。
I’m busy today,so let’s make it another time.今天我很忙,咱们另约时间吧。
单句语法填空
①Facing so many troubles,he is considering how to make it .
②Few people thought he could succeed,but he finally made .
答案:①through ②it
3.So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it’s best to check an official, scientific report. (教材第65页)
因此,为了得到准确可靠的预测,最好是查阅官方的科学报告。
◆reliable adj.可信赖的,可依靠的
Now we rely heavily on computers to organise our work.
现在,我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。
You shouldn’t rely on me to help you with your math.
你不应该指望我帮你学数学。
Miller is a quiet and reliable man.
米勒是个话不多且可靠的人。
单句语法填空
①It could also help find ways to get better and more (rely) information about how to improve people’s memory.
②He’s not worried about his car’s (reliable) at all.
③Many people rely on relatives (help) take care of their children.
答案:①reliable ②reliability ③to help
省略句
①It’s just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.(教材第62页)
②It’s lovely at the beach,but not so when you’re wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers!(教材第62页)
③My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low.(教材第63页)
在以上句子中,为了使句意更加紧密或为了避免重复,而将前面或后面出现过的词语省略,或因习惯上的用法而省略部分词语,如此构成的句子叫省略句。
一、句中成分的省略
类型 例句
简单句中的省略 人称(有时包括谓语)的省略 (This is) Jane speaking.我是简。(打电话用语)
问句本身及回答的省略 —(Are you) tired ——(你)累吗 —Yes,I am (tired). ——累。
感叹句根据上下文的省略 How beautiful (it is)!(它)真美丽!
名词所有格后的名词,如果是表示住宅、店铺或上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常省略 You can buy it at the chemist’s (store). 这个你可以在药房里买到。 We had lunch at Bill’s (house).我们在比尔家吃了午饭。
表示年龄的years old、表示钟点的o’clock等常省略 I usually get up at seven (o’clock).我通常在七点钟起床。
介词的省略 I believe you have no difficulty (in) doing these.我相信你做这些是没有困难的。
不定式的省略 —Don’t be late. ——不要来晚了。 —I’ll try not to (be late). ——我尽量不来晚。
并列句中的省略 主语的省略 Your behaviour made me happy but (your behaviour) made Tom angry. 你的行为使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
谓语动词的省略 My office is on the ground floor and hers (is) on the first.我的办公室在一层,她的在二层。 Reading means a full man,conference (means) a ready man,and writing (means ) an exact man.阅读使人充实,交谈使人敏捷,写作使人缜密。
主语和谓语动词的一并省略 To some life is pleasure,and to others (life is) suffering.对于一些人来讲,生活是快乐;对于其他一些人,生活则是苦难。 My brothers and I were not very wealthy, but (my brothers and I were) so happy. 我的兄弟们和我都不是很富有,但我们很快乐。
复合句中的省略 主句中的省略。常见于句首或回答问题时,只用从句 —Why are you late ——你为何迟到了 —(I’m late) Because my watch doesn’t work. ——因为我的手表坏了。
从句中的省略 She can’t come,but I wonder why (she can’t come).她不能来,但我不知为什么。 He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.他做出了与以前一样的回答。 I’ll lend you one if (it is) necessary.必要的话我就借给你一个。
二、不定式符号to的省略
1.并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
我告诉他坐下等一会儿。
2.help 当“帮助”讲时,后面的宾语或宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。
I will help (to) do it for you.
我会帮你做的。
3.but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to。
The boy did nothing but play.
这个男孩除了玩什么也没做。
4.某些使役动词(let,make,have)及感官动词(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen to等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
我看到这个男孩从树上掉下来了。
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
这个男孩被(我)看到从树上掉下来了。
5.主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。
All we can do now is (to) wait.
我们现在能做的就是等。
6.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但后面的语序有变化。
(1)Had they time,they would certainly come and help us.
如果他们有时间,他们一定会来帮助我们。
(2)Were I you,I would do the work better.
如果我是你,我会把工作做得更好。
(3)Should there be a flood,what should we do
如果那里有洪水,我们应该做什么
将下列句子中可以省略的部分用括号标出
①—What made Tony so upset
—I believe losing the game made Tony so upset.It shocked him so much.
②She usually does her exercises on weekdays,so that she won’t have to do her exercises on Sundays.
③The old tower must be saved,whatever the cost may be.
④John paused as if he was expecting Mary to speak.
⑤One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and the other side of the board should be painted white.
答案:①—What made Tony so upset
—I believe losing the game (made Tony so upset).It shocked him so much.
②She usually does her exercises on weekdays,so that she won’t have to (do her exercises) on Sundays.
③The old tower must be saved,whatever the cost (may be).
④John paused as if (he was) expecting Mary to speak.
⑤One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and the other (side of the board should be painted) white.
1.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when (expose) to daylight.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D改编)
2.Dr Jubilado first met the Bajau while (grow) up on Samal Island in the Philippines.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解D改编)
3.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while (do) something she loves: nursing.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读B改编)
答案及剖析:
1.exposed 根据句意可知,expose的动作发出者与前句the glow would fade的主语一致,且与之为被动关系,所以承前省略the glow/it is,用exposed。
2.growing 根据句意可知,grow的动作发出者与前句Dr Jubilado first met the Bajau的主语一致,且与之为主动关系,所以承前省略Dr Jubilado was,用growing。
3.doing 根据句意可知,do的动作发出者与句子主语she之间为主动关系,可以承前省略she was,而用doing。
完成句子(用省略结构完成句子)
1.While (沿街走着),I heard my name called.
2. (如果被录用) for the job,you’ll be informed soon.
3.It might have saved me some trouble (如果我知道) the schedule.
4. (如果有必要的话), we may turn to him for help.
5.Though he was tired,he decided to finish his homework.(改为省略句)
,he decided to finish his homework.
6.The workers just carried out the order as they were told.(改为省略句)
The workers just carried out the order .
答案:1.walking along the street 2.If accepted 3.had I known 4.If necessary 5.Though tired 6.as told
课时作业(十一) Unit 6 Part 1
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.When (compare) with the size of the whole earth,the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.
2.John is very (rely)—if he promises to do something,he will do it.
3.She found it (extreme) difficult to get a job.
4.It (expect) that the report will suggest some major reforms.
5.It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
6.Nobody knows (precise) how many people are living in the camp.
7.We did nothing but (watch) TV last night.
8.At the age of five he showed (exception) talent as a musician.
9.Many companies are suffering a shortage of skilled staff.
10.The sky was dark and (threaten).
答案:1.compared 2.reliable 3.extremely
4.is expected 5.that 6.precisely
7.watch 8.exceptional 9.from
10.threatening
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.Yesterday afternoon,Li Ming and I (一起回家时) after school when we saw an old lady knocked down by a car.
2.Parents spend (平均为)$ 220 a year on toys for children.
3. (既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣),I think this festival will be a worthwhile experience for you.
4.There were 25 countries taking part in the 9th China International Garden Expo, (使其成为历史之最).
5.If you sing the song several times,your children will begin to (学单词).
6. (面临即将到来的风险),all the companies should take necessary measures.
7.The nutritionist said to me that (吃太多快餐) will be harmful to my health.
答案:1.were going home together 2.an average of 3.Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures 4.making it the greatest in the history 5.pick up the words 6.In the face of the risks to come 7.eating too much fast food
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Maggie had never experienced an earthquake before,only prepared for it.As long as she could remember, preparing for an earthquake was routine (常规的) at school.Her family as well had made plans in the event of a natural disaster.Earthquakes are so much more common on the West Coast of the United States.
Today Maggie was at home alone.Maggie knew her mum would be driving home on the busy freeway, thinking about preparing supper for Maggie’s dad.Maggie’s dad would arrive at the airport.He was coming home from a two-week business trip.
Maggie arrived home from school at the regular time.She was taking some biscuits from the kitchen cupboard when she felt it.First it was just a tremor (微震), then it became a violent shaking.Maggie quickly ran under the large,wooden table in the dining room.The sounds of breaking glass and the crashing (坠落) of many things were frightening.But the table remained undamaged, and Maggie hid herself in fear.
After what seemed like a century the earthquake appeared to be over.Maggie could hear the sound of water rushing below her in the basement.The smell of natural gas was present in the air.Maggie knew where the main water valve(阀门) was located.Dad had shown her where it was and how to turn it off.Slowly and carefully she came out from the table.The once tidy home was now almost unrecognisable.As Maggie reached the open basement door she could see the steps were still in good condition.She carefully made her way down into the dark basement.While still on the steps she felt the water rising and rising.Suddenly Maggie felt a lot of pain as a large ceiling beam (横梁) hit her head and shoulder.She fell onto some storage boxes...
1.What do we know about Maggie and her family
A.They lived in earthquake country.
B.They seldom prepared for an earthquake.
C.They had experienced an earthquake before.
D.They got an earthquake warning that morning.
2.What was Maggie doing when the earthquake took place
A.She was about to clean her home.
B.She was about to enter her home.
C.She was looking for something to eat.
D.She was preparing supper for her family.
3.Why did Maggie go to the basement
A.To close the basement door.
B.To find some storage boxes.
C.To turn off the main water valve.
D.To check where the rising water came from.
4.What’s the text mainly about
A.Maggie’s first trip to the West Coast.
B.Maggie’s first earthquake experience.
C.How Maggie survived a natural disaster.
D.How Maggie prepared for an earthquake.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公Maggie第一次遭遇地震的经历。阅读本文,有利于提升学生的防灾意识,引发学生思考如何提升防灾救灾能力。
答案及剖析:
1.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第一段中的“preparing for an earthquake was routine...West Coast of the United States”可以推断,Maggie 和她的家人住在地震带国家。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“She was taking some biscuits from the kitchen cupboard”可知,地震发生时,Maggie正在找吃的东西。故选C。
3.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段第四、第五句可知,Maggie 知道主水阀的位置,爸爸告诉过她,它在哪儿,怎么关掉它。由此推断,Maggie去地下室是为了关闭主水阀。故选C。
4.B 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了Maggie第一次遭遇地震的经历。故选B。
B
Most people know something about the greenhouse effect.Factories send gases such as carbon dioxide, or CO2, into the atmosphere, the air around the earth.In the past, this wasn’t a problem because trees absorbed the CO2.But now people in many countries are cutting down billions of trees all around the world.At the same time, factories are sending more CO2 into the atmosphere.It’s difficult to believe, but factories put billions of tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year.One ton is over 2,000 pounds, so it is a lot of pollution.There is too much CO2 and there aren’t enough trees, so the world is getting warmer.In other words, we have a greenhouse effect.This is terrible for the environment.
What can we do about this First, we can stop using so much coal and oil.We can learn to use different kinds of energy: the sun, wind, steam from volcanoes, and heat from inside the earth.Second, instead of cutting down trees, we should plant more trees.One tree can absorb ten pounds carbon dioxide every year.
The trees are good for the earth’s atmosphere and for Guatemala (危地马拉).In small towns and villages in Guatemala, most women are not rich and have hard lives.Trees help them in three ways.First, the Connecticut factories pay them to plant the trees.Their pay is corn, not money.The corn is good for their children.Second, these women know a lot about their environment.They know where to plant, when to plant, and what kinds of trees to plant.For example, they plant many fruit trees.The fruit gives them vitamins for their families’ diets.Other trees are good for firewood.In a few years, the women won’t spend so much time looking for firewood.Third, all these trees are good for the soil.Now rain can’t wash the soil down from the mountains so easily.
This plan isn’t enough to stop the greenhouse effect.However, it’s a start.The women of Guatemala are helping themselves and helping their environment.
5.Which of the following is NOT true
A.Factories send more CO2 into the atmosphere.
B.Trees can’t absorb the same CO2 as they did in the past.
C.Billions of trees are being cut down throughout the world.
D.The greenhouse effect is extremely bad for the environment.
6.What’s the main idea of the second paragraph
A.The reasons why we should plant more trees.
B.Ways we can adopt to take heat from volcanoes.
C.Measures to be taken to forbid the use of coal and oil.
D.Things we can do to stop or reduce the greenhouse effect.
7.How does planting trees help improve women’s lives in Guatemala
A.By preventing the greenhouse effect.
B.By developing their skills of planting trees.
C.By enabling them to earn more money to support their family.
D.By making them get corn and fruit to feed their family in return.
8.What’s the author’s attitude towards the plan of planting trees in Guatemala
A.Critical. B.Neutral.
C.Positive. D.Doubtful.
语篇导读:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了温室效应发生的原因以及针对温室效应需要采取的措施。文章还介绍了危地马拉通过种树计划来改变气候和当地经济的例子。阅读本文,有利于学生进一步意识到温室效应的危害,提高学生的环保意识和生态安全意识。
答案及剖析:
5.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由文中第一段的“There is too much CO2 and there aren’t enough trees”可知,是因为树木越来越少,没有足够的树吸收二氧化碳,所以才无法像以前一样能吸收掉,而不是因为树木的吸收力不如以前了。故选B。
6.D 段落大意题。考查学生理解段落主旨要义的能力。由第二段内容可知,首先,我们可以停止使用煤和石油。我们可以学习使用不同种类的能源:太阳、风、来自火山的蒸汽和来自地球内部的热量。第二,我们应该多种树,而不是砍树。一棵树每年可以吸收10磅二氧化碳。所以第二段主要讲我们可以做些事情来阻止或减少温室效应。故选D。
7.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由倒数第二段内容可知,首先,康涅狄格州的工厂付费让她们植树。她们的工资是玉米而不是钱。其次,她们种植许多果树。水果为她们家庭的饮食提供了维生素。其他的树是很好的柴火。在危地马拉,以获得的玉米和水果来养活家人帮助改善了危地马拉妇女的生活。故选D。
8.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文中倒数第二段的第一句以及最后一段可知,作者对于在危地马拉种植树木的态度是积极的、乐观的。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
In many films,whenever Earth faces a disaster,the 1. (solve) is always fleeing the planet 2. spaceship.But now the Chinese sci-fi movie The Wandering Earth 3. (offer) a different and 4. (encourage) idea.In the film,Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun.In response,humans around the world work together 5. (build) a giant engine system,6. will push Earth away from the sun.This ambition didn’t come from nowhere.Up to now homeland 7. (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people.This special cultural background 8. (probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films.
The film was released on Feb 5,the first day of Chinese New Year of 2019.It was 9. time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 10. (they) hometowns.So there is only one possible way to tell the story: Earth goes wherever humans go,because it’s our home.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍电影《流浪地球》相关的内容。阅读本文,有利于学生树立人类生存危机意识并引导学生对人类未来进行思考。
答案及剖析:
1.solution 考查名词。根据前文的定冠词可知此处应为名词,所以填solve的名词形式solution。
2.by 考查介词。by意为“通过……的方式”。故填by。
3.offers/is offering 考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语The Wandering Earth为单数,后面的动词应该是第三人称单数形式,所以填offers或is offering。
4.encouraging 考查v.-ing作定语。idea缺少修饰词,所以用encouraging作定语修饰。
5.to build 考查动词不定式的用法。前文已经有work作谓语,此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to build。
6.which 考查非限制性定语从句。先行词system为物,非限制性定语从句只能用which在从句中作主语。故填which。
7.has had 考查现在完成时。时间状语“up to now”意为“直到今日”,这是典型的现在完成时的时间状语。故填has had。
8.probably 考查副词。probably为副词,修饰后面的动词makes。故填probably。
9.a 考查冠词的用法以及固定句型。“It is a time when...”为固定句式,意为“……的时候”,应该用不定冠词a。故填a。
10.their 考查形容词性物主代词。hometowns前面缺定语,所以应该用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。(共65张PPT)
Part 2 Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
写作专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境类型:人与自然——自然灾害及其防范和应对措施。
2.语篇类型:个人故事。
3.课文内容分析:课文从一个孩子的视角记述了一个美国家庭遭受“卡特里娜”飓风
袭击后的遭遇,表达了团结一心战胜灾害的决心和对未来生活充满希望的乐观的人
生态度。有助于学生体会作者在经历自然灾害前后的境况变化和相关心理感受变
化,有利于培养学生对自然灾害的自我反思意识及乐观积极面对自然灾害的生活
态度。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
Stars after the storm
nowhere
bad
positive
Hopeful
rescued
重点词汇
1.I was so frightened that I just froze.(教材第68页)
我吓呆了。
核心知识·深入探究
◆freeze(froze;frozen)vi.结冰,凝固;突然停止;呆住 vt.使结冰,使凝固
The cold weather had frozen the ground.
寒冷的天气使地面都冻硬了。
I nearly froze to death watching that football match.
看那场足球赛使我差点冻死了。
[备用例句]
The court froze their assets.
法院冻结了他们的资产。
归纳拓展
巧学助记
语境运用
单句语法填空
①It is (freeze) cold today and there is ice everywhere.
②As we know,water (freeze) at 32 degrees Fahrenheit or zero
degrees Celsius.
freezing
freezes
2.I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street
and looking out for Smartie.(教材第68、69页)
我只能整天看着街上来来往往的船只,留意寻找斯玛蒂的身影。
◆look out for sb./sth.注意察看……,留心……;
尽力照顾好……
He’s looking out for a nice apartment downtown.
他在留意寻找一套位于市中心的舒适公寓。
My old brother always looked out for me when we were kids.
小时候我哥哥一直照顾我。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Look out your aunt while you’re at the station.
②My mother says she’s looking forward meeting you.
③Mr.Smith looks down anyone who hasn’t had a college education.
for
to
on/upon
3.But as Mom kept on reminding us,we were all together and safe.(教材
第69页)
不过就像妈妈一直提醒我们的那样,好在全家人都在一起而且平安无事。
◆remind vt.提醒(某人做某事);使想起(做某事)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song The Long and Winding Road.(2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
去黄山让我想起披头士乐队的流行歌曲《漫漫弯路》。
The author’s reading of road signs indicates her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules.(2019年天津卷,阅读理解B)
作者阅读路标的行为表明了她努力提醒妈妈遵守交通规则。
I’ll forget if you don’t remind me.
如果你不提醒我,我就会忘。
[备用例句]
The manager reminded me that I should have a good rest.
经理提醒我该好好地休息一下。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①So she simply welcomed him and reminded him the last time they
had met.
②Be sure to remind her (come) back early.
③It suddenly reminded her she had promised to ring them up.
of
to come
that
4.Some families have yet to return,but many others have come back.(教材
第69页)
有的人家仍然流落在外,但也有许多人已经回来了。
◆have yet to 还没有,仍未
I have yet to hear Tom’s version of what happened.
汤姆仍未告诉我所发生的事。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Julia thinks that this class has nothing to do her research.
②Do you have something (say),Mr Cook
③The door is locked and I have (wait) for the owner of the
house.
with
to say
to wait
重点句式
1.I was sitting in my room with my cat,Smartie,on my lap,when the roof
just flew off.(教材第68页)
当时我正坐在自己房间里,猫咪斯玛蒂趴在我腿上,突然屋顶就飞走了。
◆be doing...when...“正在做……这时……”
Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.
杰克在实验室忙着,突然就停电了。
I had just gone to sleep when someone knocked at the door and woke me up.
我刚入睡,这时有人敲门,把我吵醒了。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①We were about to start our picnic a heavy rain began to fall.
②The man (walk) on the street when someone called him.
when
was walking
2.He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.(教材第69页)
风暴袭来的那一刻它就失踪了。
◆the moment “一……就……”,此时用作连词,引导状语从句
I recognised her the moment I saw her.
我一眼就认出了她。
I’ll let you know all about it the moment he returns.
他一回来,我就把其中的一切统统告诉你。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①Don’t worry.Your meal will be ready (马上).
②Sorry,we can’t tell you the result (此刻).
③The car may come (随时).Be careful!
in a moment
at the moment
at any moment
3.Even though we had lost a lot,moments like those gave us hope for the
future.(教材第69页)
尽管我们损失惨重,但这样的时刻重新点燃了我们对未来的希望。
◆even though即使,尽管,引导让步状语从句
—Why do people like pop music I hate it so much.
—Even though it is not your style, that doesn’t mean it is bad.
(2020年天津卷)
——为什么人们喜欢流行音乐 我太讨厌它了。
——虽然这不是你喜欢的风格,但这并不意味着它是不好的。
He’s the best teacher even though he has the least experience.
他尽管经验最少,但教得最好。
词语辨析
even if与even though
①even if 引导的从句往往是假设性的,意为“即使,纵然,就算,哪怕”。例如:
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
②even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的,意为“尽管,虽然”。例如:
Even though it’s hard work,I enjoy it.
虽然工作艰苦,我还是很喜欢。
Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party,I had a nice time.
尽管这次聚会上我谁也不认识,我也玩得很开心。
语境运用
完成句子
①We will have a meeting tomorrow (即使明
天下雨).
② (尽管他病了),he managed to help us.
even if it rains tomorrow
Even though he was ill
长难句分析
Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on. (教材第69页)
现在我们又能仰望新奥尔良的星空了。星空的美鼓舞着我们,让我们有信心继续前行。
该句子为简单句。句子主干结构为Now we have another chance,句中的“to look up at the stars of New Orleans...”为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰名词chance,其中their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on为独立主格结构作状语,表示原因。
语境运用
单句情境写作
①我会抓住每一次机会去听李老师的课,她的课鼓舞着我,给了我继续前进的信心。
I’ll seize every opportunity to attend Ms.Li’s lessons,her lessons inspiring me and giving me confidence to move on.
②所有的观众抓住了每一分钟观看这个现场表演,它的美吸引着观众,触动着观众。
All the audience seized every minute to watch the live performance,
its beauty attracting and touching the audience.
备用讲义
1.It is one of the costliest natural disasters in US history,causing
USD 108 billion in damage.(教材第68页)
这是美国历史上造成损失最为严重的自然灾害之一,损失总计达1 080亿美元。
◆costly adj.损失大的;代价高的;昂贵的;花太多钱的
Buying new furniture may prove too costly.购买新家具可能会花钱太多。
语境运用
完成句子
①这次地震是新西兰历史上损失最为严重的自然灾害。
The earthquake is in New Zealand history.
②预防总是比治疗更明智,而且花费更少。
Prevention is always more sensible and .
the costliest natural disaster
less costly than cure
2.It claimed more than 1,800 lives.(教材第68页)它夺走了1 800多人的生命。
◆claim vt.(尤用于新闻报道)夺去(生命);声称;索要;要求
Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.8 million lives in the last hundred years.
在过去的100年中,地震夺去了超过180万人的生命。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The old man claimed (be) a relative of the royal family.
②The flood last week (claim) hundreds of lives before
it ended.
③It has been claimed a new school will be built in our town
soon.
to be
had claimed
that
3.All we had left were clothes on our backs.(教材第69页)
我们只剩下身上的衣服了。
句中we had left为定语从句,先行词是all,即all为主语的中心词,谓语动词使用了复数形式,这里的all相当于all the things。all用于主语中究竟表示单数还是表示复数呢
(1)如果all用于修饰名词,那么其单复数意义与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。
All money is spent.所有钱都花光了。
All people are at liberty to express his opinion.所有人都可以发表
自己的意见。
(2)如果用于all of结构,那么其单复数意义与all of后的名词的单复数一致。
All of my friends like eating cake.我的朋友都喜欢吃蛋糕。
All of the bread was stale.所有的面包都不新鲜了。
(3)如果all单独使用,那么其单复数意义与本身的意思有关,即当all着眼于个体时,表
复数意义;若当成一个整体看待,表单数意义。如:
Oh,dear,all is up.哦,天呀,一切都完了。
All are equal before the law.法律面前,人人平等。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①It’s impossible for all the people to get jobs because all of these
jobs (be) not fit for them.
②—You’re always e on,let’s go shopping.
—All you ever want to do (be) going shopping.
are
is
4.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the
stars.(教材第69页)
我还记得那时我们躺在午夜的苍穹之下,仰望星空。
句中us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars为动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语。如果动词-ing形式动作的发出者不是谓语动词的主语,则需要有自己的逻辑主语,物主代词或名词所有格加动词-ing形式就构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语等。 当动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时,物主代词可用代词宾格代替,名词所有格可用名词代替。
The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.
这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语)
Do you mind my (me) smoking
你介意我抽烟吗 (宾语)
语境运用
完成句子
①你认为我去会有什么帮助吗
Do you think will be of any help
②他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。
They insist on with them there.
my going there
Mary’s (Mary) going
写作专项指导
Writing safety guidelines
文本解读
1.文体类型:自然灾害逃生指南,属于应用文范畴。
2.要点内容:(1)文章提供了“飓风安全指南”的学习;(2)主要包括飓风来临之前
要做的事情,飓风过程中要做和不要做的事情。阅读本文,可让学生了解安全指
南的文体特点和写法,运用所学语言知识仿写安全指南。
思路指引
实用表达
自然灾害逃生指南常用句式:
The first thing to do is...
Do not...
Never...
Remember (not) to do...
Try to...
It’s important (not) to...
Pay attention to safety...
Result in great loss of...
Make sure...
Stay away from...
佳作建构
最近学校正在开展一场急救知识普及活动,就此你所在的班级举行了一场讨论会,并提出以下几点建议。请你根据以下要点以“First Aid in Floods” 为题写一篇文章,说明发生洪灾时要注意的几点事项。要点:
1.不要惊慌,保持冷静;
2.向高处(如结实的楼房顶、大树上)转移,等候救援人员营救;
3.如果水位不断上涨,就必须自制木筏(raft)逃生;
4.自己的建议。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. n.灾难
2. v.发生
3. n.恐慌
4. v. 攫取,抓住
5. v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
6. v. 拴,系
7. adv. 即刻,马上
disaster
occur
panic
grab
claim
fasten
immediately
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.面对洪灾之类的灾难,知道该做什么很重要。
is important what to do in front of disasters such as
floods.
2.洪灾发生时,不要恐慌。
If floods ,never get into .
3.如果你身处洪水之中,向高处 (如结实的楼房顶、大树上) 转移,等候救援人员。
If you are in a heavy flood, move towards higher places,like strong
buildings and tall trees,and .
It
to know
occur
a panic
wait for the rescuers
4.如果水位不断上涨,你必须自制木筏。
If the water level rises constantly, you have to .
.
5.更为重要的是一旦逃离洪灾后,不要再回去,直到洪水彻底退去。
that once you get out of the flood, don’t go
back into it again until the flood fades completely.
make a raft by
yourself
It is more important
亮点提升
1.将句1升级为动名词作主语。
Knowing what to do in front of disasters such as floods really matters.
2.将句2中的if句升级为独立主格结构。
A flood occurring, never get into a panic.
3.将句3升级为现在分词作伴随状语。
If you are in a heavy flood, move towards higher places,like strong buildings and tall trees, waiting for the rescuers.
4.将句5升级为what引导的主语从句。
What matters more is that once you get out of the flood,don’t go back into it again until the flood fades completely.
范文展示
First Aid in Floods
Knowing what to do in front of disasters such as floods really matters.A flood occurring, never get into a panic.If you are in a heavy flood, move towards higher places,like strong buildings and tall trees, waiting for the rescuers.Furthermore,if the water level rises constantly, you have to make a raft by yourself. What matters more is that once you get out of the flood, don’t go back into it again until the flood fades completely.
写作练习
假设你是李华,你们学校最近开展了创建“平安校园”活动,本周校报谈论的主题是“发生地震时如何保护自己”。请你以“Earthquake Safety Guidelines ”为题写一篇文章。内容要点:
1.地震来临前,做好充分准备,装备好救生包,里面有手电筒、电池、食物和急救包等。
2.地震来临时,不要惊慌。如果在室外,请远离大树、高楼等物;如果在室内,要尽量躲在桌子等坚固家具下面,并且注意保护好头、颈部。
3.逃生时千万不要选择乘坐电梯。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
One possible version:
Earthquake Safety Guidelines
It really matters that you know what to do in front of disasters,taking an earthquake for example. First, you should make full preparations before an earthquake, like a survival kit which contains a flashlight, foods, batteries and first-aid packet.Furthermore, when an earthquake strikes, do not get into a panic.If you are outside,please stay away from tall trees and buildings.If inside, you should hide yourself under strong furniture,like a table,protecting your head and neck.Eventually,never take a lift while escaping from an earthquake.
What matters more is that once you get out of the earthquake, never go back again until the earthquake stops completely. As long as we make full preparations ahead of time, we can keep the damages under control.
1.He has made an important (contribute) to the company’s
success.
2.There’s nothing for you to be (concern) about.
3.According to Dr.Hoch and his team, autumn leaf colours might be able
to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost (injure).
4.Many of us are suffering from colds because of the (normal)
weather.
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
contribution
concerned
injury
abnormal
5.Natalie Doan,14,has always felt very (luck) to live in
Rockaway because she can see the ocean and hear the waves from her
house.
6.If (take) good care of, the bird can live as long as twenty
years.
7.All the work (finish), the workers left the factory.
8.When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting .
(rescue).
9.She was funny enough (lose)weight only by going on a diet.
lucky
taken
finished
to be
rescued
to lose
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.I stand by the window, (努
力弄清楚外面发生了什么).
2.Mary (正要离开商店时),when a customer
came in.
3.It (花了一会时间) to make her son fall into
sleep .
4.If (你不能及时到那里), you should
inform them.
5. (这张照片让我想起了) the happy time with my
grandparents.
trying to find out what has happened outside
was about to leave the store
took quite a while
you can’t arrive there in time
This picture reminds me of
话题延伸·素养升华
阅读理解
A
Algerians living in the Sahara Desert found themselves in a winter wonderland as up to 16 inches of snow covered the desert.This happened at the same time as extreme weather in other parts of the world.The East Coast of the United States faced the cold winter storm Grayson and Sydney,Australia suffered from highest temperatures seen in nearly 80 years at 47℃.
Why did it happen High pressure over Europe caused cold air to be pulled down into northern Africa and into the Sahara Desert.This cold air rose 3,280 feet to the altitude of Ain Sefra,a town surrounded by the Atlas Mountains,and it began to snow.
Ain Sefra has a mean temperature of 37.6℃ in July,which makes the locals become much more used to managing extreme heat rather than snow.Without conditions to manage snow on roads,cars and buses were left on roads as they became icy.The snow didn’t last long as temperatures rose to 5.6℃.But this was enough time for children to make snowmen and have a snowball fight,creating memories that may not be repeated for many years to come.
The Sahara Desert town of Ain Sefra has experienced just three snow events in the past 37 years.In the coming years,we may find the Sahara Desert becoming the fertile (肥沃的) grassland as it once was.Research shows that northern Africa, where the Sahara now is, was once dotted with large lakes,vegetation,animals and human settlements.This period,known as the African Humid (湿润的) Period,was far from northern Africa we know today.
It appears that about 5,500 years ago,however,northern Africa moisture (水分) was suddenly cut off,ending the humid period.Research is ongoing as to why and how fertile northern Africa suddenly became the Sahara Desert.Are we on the edge of another African Humid Period No one knows for sure,but it will certainly be the key point of continued research studies and the hopes for many northern Africa countries.
语篇导读:本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了干旱的撒哈拉沙漠竟然下雪了。阅读本文,有利于提升学生的环保意识,关注大自然的变化。
1.What can be learnt from Paragraph 3
A.July is the hottest month in Ain Sefra.
B.The snowing is a surprise for Ain Sefra.
C.The weather in Ain Sefra changes frequently.
D.Children in Ain Sefra prefer winter to summer.
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。通读第三段尤其是前两句可知,Ain Sefra小镇7月的平均温度为37.6 ℃,这场雪对于小镇来说是一件意想不到的事情。故选B。
2.Why is the African Humid Period mentioned
A.To tell the history of northern Africa.
B.To introduce what African Humid Period is.
C.To predict another African Humid Period may come.
D.To explain why northern Africa became desert.
答案及剖析:
2.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后两段可知,Ain Sefra小镇位于撒哈拉沙漠,但这里在非洲湿润期曾经是一片土地肥沃的草原。小镇这次降雪不禁让人预测另一个非洲湿润期可能会到来。故选C。
3.What can be the best title for the text
A.African Humid Period
B.Research on African climate
C.Extreme weather around the world
D.The rare snow in the Sahara Desert
答案及剖析:
3.D 标题归纳题。考查学生理解和概括主旨要义的能力。本文通过介绍撒哈拉沙漠罕见的降雪引入话题,说明这次降雪的原因、对撒哈拉沙漠附近居民的影响、历史上撒哈拉沙漠地区附近的情况等。本文围绕撒哈拉沙漠罕见的降雪展开,D项作为标题较合适。故选D。
B
On December 26,2004,hundreds of tourists relaxed on Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park’s beaches.But at mid-morning the park’s elephants began crying wildly and running away from the ocean and up a nearby hill.The puzzled keepers could tell the animals were worried about something.But what
What the keepers did not know was that a 9.2-metre wall of water was headed straight toward them.This tsunami had been caused by an earthquake more than 1,610 kilometres away in the Indian Ocean.When the huge wave hit the coast,it caused severe damage.Many people died.The elephants,however,
were not swept away by the water.They stood safely on the hill.
Scientists have long suspected that animals sense natural disasters before humans do.People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside and sharks swimming to deeper waters before a hurricane.After the 2004 tsunami,people said they saw tigers,monkeys,and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in.Even in the hardest-hit areas of southern Asia,there were few animal deaths.
It’s unlikely that an animal’s so-called sixth sense comes from some magical power to see into the future.Experts believe that animals may be more sensitive than humans to changes in temperature and other environmental conditions that take place before a natural disaster.The elephants in Sri Lanka,for example,may have picked up vibrations (震动) from within the Earth,a sign that danger was coming.Because vibrations in the ground travel much faster than an ocean wave,the elephants may have felt the earthquake that caused the tsunami well before the tsunami itself came to the coast.
A few scientists are calling for a system to track reports of strange behaviour in people’s pets,hoping that these reports can serve as a warning system that a natural disaster is about to happen.But Marina Haynes,an animal behaviour scientist at the Philadelphia Zoo,says,“It would be an unreliable way to predict disasters.It can be difficult to know what an animal is doing.Is the animal nervous because an earthquake is about to happen or is it frightened because there is an enemy nearby ”
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物是如何预测自然灾害的。阅读本文,有利于学生认识自然灾害的规律,增强抗灾意识和能力。
4.What happened to the elephants in Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park on
December 26,2004
A.They died in the natural disaster.
B.They were disturbed by the tourists.
C.They moved from the hill to the seaside.
D.They behaved strangely before the tsunami.
答案及剖析:
4.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“But at mid-morning the park’s elephants began crying wildly...But what ”,再结合下文对海啸来临的描述可知,大象在海啸来临之前表现得很反常。故选D。
5.How did the author present animals’ “sixth sense” in Paragraph 3
A.By giving examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By showing research findings.
D.By telling an interesting story.
答案及剖析:
5.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside...and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in.”可知,作者用举例子的方法展现出动物提前感知自然灾害的能力。故选A。
6.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A.The advantages of being sensitive.
B.The influences of the natural disaster.
C.How animals predict a natural disaster.
D.How elephants make use of their sixth sense.
6.C 段落大意题。考查学生理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据第四段中的“Experts believe that animals may be more sensitive than humans...
before a natural disaster.”及斯里兰卡大象提前感知海啸来临的例子可知,该段主要介绍了动物是如何预测自然灾害的。故选C。
答案及剖析:
7.What is Haynes’ attitude towards the animal warning system
A.Delighted. B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful. D.Disappointed.
7.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段Haynes所说的话可知,Haynes认为这种通过观察动物异常行为来预测自然灾害的预警机制不可靠,因为人们很难分辨动物异常行为背后的真正缘由,她持怀疑态度。故选B。
答案及剖析:Part 2 Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection
1.主题语境类型:人与自然——自然灾害及其防范和应对措施。
2.语篇类型:个人故事。
3.课文内容分析:课文从一个孩子的视角记述了一个美国家庭遭受“卡特里娜”飓风袭击后的遭遇,表达了团结一心战胜灾害的决心和对未来生活充满希望的乐观的人生态度。有助于学生体会作者在经历自然灾害前后的境况变化和相关心理感受变化,有利于培养学生对自然灾害的自我反思意识及乐观积极面对自然灾害的生活态度。
Stars after the storm
答案:1.nowhere 2.bad 3.positive 4.Hopeful 5.rescued
1.I was so frightened that I just froze.(教材第68页)
我吓呆了。
◆freeze(froze;frozen)vi.结冰,凝固;突然停止;呆住 vt.使结冰,使凝固
The cold weather had frozen the ground.
寒冷的天气使地面都冻硬了。
I nearly froze to death watching that football match.
看那场足球赛使我差点冻死了。
[备用例句]
The court froze their assets.
法院冻结了他们的资产。
单句语法填空
①It is (freeze) cold today and there is ice everywhere.
②As we know,water (freeze) at 32 degrees Fahrenheit or zero degrees Celsius.
答案:①freezing ②freezes
2.I just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie.
(教材第68、69页)
我只能整天看着街上来来往往的船只,留意寻找斯玛蒂的身影。
◆look out for sb./sth.注意察看……,留心……;
尽力照顾好……
He’s looking out for a nice apartment downtown.
他在留意寻找一套位于市中心的舒适公寓。
My old brother always looked out for me when we were kids.
小时候我哥哥一直照顾我。
单句语法填空
①Look out your aunt while you’re at the station.
②My mother says she’s looking forward meeting you.
③Mr.Smith looks down anyone who hasn’t had a college education.
答案:①for ②to ③on/upon
3.But as Mom kept on reminding us,we were all together and safe.(教材第69页)
不过就像妈妈一直提醒我们的那样,好在全家人都在一起而且平安无事。
◆remind vt.提醒(某人做某事);使想起(做某事)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song The Long and Winding Road.(2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
去黄山让我想起披头士乐队的流行歌曲《漫漫弯路》。
The author’s reading of road signs indicates her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules.(2019年天津卷,阅读理解B)
作者阅读路标的行为表明了她努力提醒妈妈遵守交通规则。
I’ll forget if you don’t remind me.
如果你不提醒我,我就会忘。
[备用例句]
The manager reminded me that I should have a good rest.
经理提醒我该好好地休息一下。
单句语法填空
①So she simply welcomed him and reminded him the last time they had met.
②Be sure to remind her (come) back early.
③It suddenly reminded her she had promised to ring them up.
答案:①of ②to come ③that
4.Some families have yet to return,but many others have come back.(教材第69页)
有的人家仍然流落在外,但也有许多人已经回来了。
◆have yet to 还没有,仍未
I have yet to hear Tom’s version of what happened.
汤姆仍未告诉我所发生的事。
单句语法填空
①Julia thinks that this class has nothing to do her research.
②Do you have something (say),Mr Cook
③The door is locked and I have (wait) for the owner of the house.
答案:①with ②to say ③to wait
1.I was sitting in my room with my cat,Smartie,on my lap,when the roof just flew off.(教材第68页)
当时我正坐在自己房间里,猫咪斯玛蒂趴在我腿上,突然屋顶就飞走了。
◆be doing...when...“正在做……这时……”
Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.
杰克在实验室忙着,突然就停电了。
I had just gone to sleep when someone knocked at the door and woke me up.
我刚入睡,这时有人敲门,把我吵醒了。
单句语法填空
①We were about to start our picnic a heavy rain began to fall.
②The man (walk) on the street when someone called him.
答案:①when ②was walking
2.He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.(教材第69页)
风暴袭来的那一刻它就失踪了。
◆the moment “一……就……”,此时用作连词,引导状语从句
I recognised her the moment I saw her.
我一眼就认出了她。
I’ll let you know all about it the moment he returns.
他一回来,我就把其中的一切统统告诉你。
完成句子
①Don’t worry.Your meal will be ready (马上).
②Sorry,we can’t tell you the result (此刻).
③The car may come (随时).Be careful!
答案:①in a moment ②at the moment
③at any moment
3.Even though we had lost a lot,moments like those gave us hope for the future.(教材第69页)
尽管我们损失惨重,但这样的时刻重新点燃了我们对未来的希望。
◆even though即使,尽管,引导让步状语从句
—Why do people like pop music I hate it so much.
—Even though it is not your style, that doesn’t mean it is bad.(2020年天津卷)
——为什么人们喜欢流行音乐 我太讨厌它了。
——虽然这不是你喜欢的风格,但这并不意味着它是不好的。
He’s the best teacher even though he has the least experience.
他尽管经验最少,但教得最好。
even if与even though
①even if 引导的从句往往是假设性的,意为“即使,纵然,就算,哪怕”。例如:
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
②even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的,意为“尽管,虽然”。例如:
Even though it’s hard work,I enjoy it.
虽然工作艰苦,我还是很喜欢。
Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party,I had a nice time.
尽管这次聚会上我谁也不认识,我也玩得很开心。
完成句子
①We will have a meeting tomorrow (即使明天下雨).
② (尽管他病了),he managed to help us.
答案:①even if it rains tomorrow ②Even though he was ill
Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on. (教材第69页)
现在我们又能仰望新奥尔良的星空了。星空的美鼓舞着我们,让我们有信心继续前行。
该句子为简单句。句子主干结构为Now we have another chance,句中的“to look up at the stars of New Orleans...”为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰名词chance,其中their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on为独立主格结构作状语,表示原因。
单句情境写作
①我会抓住每一次机会去听李老师的课,她的课鼓舞着我,给了我继续前进的信心。
②所有的观众抓住了每一分钟观看这个现场表演,它的美吸引着观众,触动着观众。
答案:①I’ll seize every opportunity to attend Ms.Li’s lessons,her lessons inspiring me and giving me confidence to move on.
②All the audience seized every minute to watch the live performance,its beauty attracting and touching the audience.
1.It is one of the costliest natural disasters in US history,causing USD 108 billion in damage.(教材第68页)
这是美国历史上造成损失最为严重的自然灾害之一,损失总计达1 080亿美元。
◆costly adj.损失大的;代价高的;昂贵的;花太多钱的
Buying new furniture may prove too costly.购买新家具可能会花钱太多。
完成句子
①这次地震是新西兰历史上损失最为严重的自然灾害。
The earthquake is in New Zealand history.
②预防总是比治疗更明智,而且花费更少。
Prevention is always more sensible and .
答案:①the costliest natural disaster ②less costly than cure
2.It claimed more than 1,800 lives.(教材第68页)它夺走了1 800多人的生命。
◆claim vt.(尤用于新闻报道)夺去(生命);声称;索要;要求
Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.8 million lives in the last hundred years.
在过去的100年中,地震夺去了超过180万人的生命。
单句语法填空
①The old man claimed (be) a relative of the royal family.
②The flood last week (claim) hundreds of lives before it ended.
③It has been claimed a new school will be built in our town soon.
答案:①to be ②had claimed ③that
3.All we had left were clothes on our backs.(教材第69页)
我们只剩下身上的衣服了。
句中we had left为定语从句,先行词是all,即all为主语的中心词,谓语动词使用了复数形式,这里的all相当于all the things。all用于主语中究竟表示单数还是表示复数呢
(1)如果all用于修饰名词,那么其单复数意义与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。
All money is spent.所有钱都花光了。
All people are at liberty to express his opinion.所有人都可以发表自己的意见。
(2)如果用于all of结构,那么其单复数意义与all of后的名词的单复数一致。
All of my friends like eating cake.我的朋友都喜欢吃蛋糕。
All of the bread was stale.所有的面包都不新鲜了。
(3)如果all单独使用,那么其单复数意义与本身的意思有关,即当all着眼于个体时,表复数意义;若当成一个整体看待,表单数意义。如:
Oh,dear,all is up.哦,天呀,一切都完了。
All are equal before the law.法律面前,人人平等。
单句语法填空
①It’s impossible for all the people to get jobs because all of these jobs (be) not fit for them.
②—You’re always e on,let’s go shopping.
—All you ever want to do (be) going shopping.
答案:①are ②is
4.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars.(教材第69页)
我还记得那时我们躺在午夜的苍穹之下,仰望星空。
句中us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars为动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语。如果动词-ing形式动作的发出者不是谓语动词的主语,则需要有自己的逻辑主语,物主代词或名词所有格加动词-ing形式就构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语等。 当动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时,物主代词可用代词宾格代替,名词所有格可用名词代替。
The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.
这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语)
Do you mind my (me) smoking
你介意我抽烟吗 (宾语)
完成句子
①你认为我去会有什么帮助吗
Do you think will be of any help
②他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。
They insist on with them there.
答案:①my going there ②Mary’s (Mary) going
Writing safety guidelines
1.文体类型:自然灾害逃生指南,属于应用文范畴。
2.要点内容:(1)文章提供了“飓风安全指南”的学习;(2)主要包括飓风来临之前要做的事情,飓风过程中要做和不要做的事情。阅读本文,可让学生了解安全指南的文体特点和写法,运用所学语言知识仿写安全指南。
自然灾害逃生指南常用句式:
The first thing to do is...
Do not...
Never...
Remember (not) to do...
Try to...
It’s important (not) to...
Pay attention to safety...
Result in great loss of...
Make sure...
Stay away from...
最近学校正在开展一场急救知识普及活动,就此你所在的班级举行了一场讨论会,并提出以下几点建议。请你根据以下要点以“First Aid in Floods” 为题写一篇文章,说明发生洪灾时要注意的几点事项。要点:
1.不要惊慌,保持冷静;
2.向高处(如结实的楼房顶、大树上)转移,等候救援人员营救;
3.如果水位不断上涨,就必须自制木筏(raft)逃生;
4.自己的建议。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. n.灾难
2. v.发生
3. n.恐慌
4. v. 攫取,抓住
5. v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
6. v. 拴,系
7. adv. 即刻,马上
答案:1.disaster 2.occur 3.panic 4.grab
5.claim 6.fasten 7.immediately
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.面对洪灾之类的灾难,知道该做什么很重要。
is important what to do in front of disasters such as floods.
2.洪灾发生时,不要恐慌。
If floods ,never get into .
3.如果你身处洪水之中,向高处 (如结实的楼房顶、大树上) 转移,等候救援人员。
If you are in a heavy flood, move towards higher places,like strong buildings and tall trees,and .
4.如果水位不断上涨,你必须自制木筏。
If the water level rises constantly, you have to .
5.更为重要的是一旦逃离洪灾后,不要再回去,直到洪水彻底退去。
that once you get out of the flood, don’t go back into it again until the flood fades completely.
答案:1.It; to know 2.occur;a panic 3.wait for the rescuers 4.make a raft by yourself
5.It is more important
1.将句1升级为动名词作主语。
2.将句2中的if句升级为独立主格结构。
3.将句3升级为现在分词作伴随状语。
4.将句5升级为what引导的主语从句。
答案:1.Knowing what to do in front of disasters such as floods really matters.
2.A flood occurring, never get into a panic.
3.If you are in a heavy flood, move towards higher places,like strong buildings and tall trees, waiting for the rescuers.
4.What matters more is that once you get out of the flood,don’t go back into it again until the flood fades completely.
First Aid in Floods
Knowing what to do in front of disasters such as floods really matters.A flood occurring, never get into a panic.If you are in a heavy flood, move towards higher places,like strong buildings and tall trees, waiting for the rescuers.Furthermore,if the water level rises constantly, you have to make a raft by yourself. What matters more is that once you get out of the flood, don’t go back into it again until the flood fades completely.
假设你是李华,你们学校最近开展了创建“平安校园”活动,本周校报谈论的主题是“发生地震时如何保护自己”。请你以“Earthquake Safety Guidelines ”为题写一篇文章。内容要点:
1.地震来临前,做好充分准备,装备好救生包,里面有手电筒、电池、食物和急救包等。
2.地震来临时,不要惊慌。如果在室外,请远离大树、高楼等物;如果在室内,要尽量躲在桌子等坚固家具下面,并且注意保护好头、颈部。
3.逃生时千万不要选择乘坐电梯。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右,可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
One possible version:
Earthquake Safety Guidelines
It really matters that you know what to do in front of disasters,taking an earthquake for example. First, you should make full preparations before an earthquake, like a survival kit which contains a flashlight, foods, batteries and first-aid packet.Furthermore, when an earthquake strikes, do not get into a panic.If you are outside,please stay away from tall trees and buildings.If inside, you should hide yourself under strong furniture,like a table,protecting your head and neck.Eventually,never take a lift while escaping from an earthquake.
What matters more is that once you get out of the earthquake, never go back again until the earthquake stops completely. As long as we make full preparations ahead of time, we can keep the damages under control.
课时作业(十二) Unit 6 Part 2
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.He has made an important (contribute) to the company’s success.
2.There’s nothing for you to be (concern) about.
3.According to Dr.Hoch and his team, autumn leaf colours might be able to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost (injure).
4.Many of us are suffering from colds because of the (normal) weather.
5.Natalie Doan,14,has always felt very (luck) to live in Rockaway because she can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.
6.If (take) good care of, the bird can live as long as twenty years.
7.All the work (finish), the workers left the factory.
8.When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting (rescue).
9.She was funny enough (lose)weight only by going on a diet.
答案:1.contribution 2.concerned 3.injury
4.abnormal 5.lucky 6.taken
7.finished 8.to be rescued 9.to lose
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1. I stand by the window, (努力弄清楚外面发生了什么).
2.Mary (正要离开商店时),when a customer came in.
3.It (花了一会时间) to make her son fall into sleep .
4.If (你不能及时到那里), you should inform them.
5. (这张照片让我想起了) the happy time with my grandparents.
答案:1.trying to find out what has happened outside 2.was about to leave the store 3.took quite a while 4.you can’t arrive there in time 5.This picture reminds me of
阅读理解
A
Algerians living in the Sahara Desert found themselves in a winter wonderland as up to 16 inches of snow covered the desert.This happened at the same time as extreme weather in other parts of the world.The East Coast of the United States faced the cold winter storm Grayson and Sydney,Australia suffered from highest temperatures seen in nearly 80 years at 47℃.
Why did it happen High pressure over Europe caused cold air to be pulled down into northern Africa and into the Sahara Desert.This cold air rose 3,280 feet to the altitude of Ain Sefra,a town surrounded by the Atlas Mountains,and it began to snow.
Ain Sefra has a mean temperature of 37.6℃ in July,which makes the locals become much more used to managing extreme heat rather than snow.Without conditions to manage snow on roads,cars and buses were left on roads as they became icy.The snow didn’t last long as temperatures rose to 5.6℃.But this was enough time for children to make snowmen and have a snowball fight,creating memories that may not be repeated for many years to come.
The Sahara Desert town of Ain Sefra has experienced just three snow events in the past 37 years.In the coming years,we may find the Sahara Desert becoming the fertile (肥沃的) grassland as it once was.Research shows that northern Africa, where the Sahara now is, was once dotted with large lakes,vegetation,animals and human settlements.This period,known as the African Humid (湿润的) Period,was far from northern Africa we know today.
It appears that about 5,500 years ago,however,northern Africa moisture (水分) was suddenly cut off,ending the humid period.Research is ongoing as to why and how fertile northern Africa suddenly became the Sahara Desert.Are we on the edge of another African Humid Period No one knows for sure,but it will certainly be the key point of continued research studies and the hopes for many northern Africa countries.
1.What can be learnt from Paragraph 3
A.July is the hottest month in Ain Sefra.
B.The snowing is a surprise for Ain Sefra.
C.The weather in Ain Sefra changes frequently.
D.Children in Ain Sefra prefer winter to summer.
2.Why is the African Humid Period mentioned
A.To tell the history of northern Africa.
B.To introduce what African Humid Period is.
C.To predict another African Humid Period may come.
D.To explain why northern Africa became desert.
3.What can be the best title for the text
A.African Humid Period
B.Research on African climate
C.Extreme weather around the world
D.The rare snow in the Sahara Desert
语篇导读:本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了干旱的撒哈拉沙漠竟然下雪了。阅读本文,有利于提升学生的环保意识,关注大自然的变化。
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。通读第三段尤其是前两句可知,Ain Sefra小镇7月的平均温度为37.6 ℃,这场雪对于小镇来说是一件意想不到的事情。故选B。
2.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后两段可知,Ain Sefra小镇位于撒哈拉沙漠,但这里在非洲湿润期曾经是一片土地肥沃的草原。小镇这次降雪不禁让人预测另一个非洲湿润期可能会到来。故选C。
3.D 标题归纳题。考查学生理解和概括主旨要义的能力。本文通过介绍撒哈拉沙漠罕见的降雪引入话题,说明这次降雪的原因、对撒哈拉沙漠附近居民的影响、历史上撒哈拉沙漠地区附近的情况等。本文围绕撒哈拉沙漠罕见的降雪展开,D项作为标题较合适。故选D。
B
On December 26,2004,hundreds of tourists relaxed on Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park’s beaches.But at mid-morning the park’s elephants began crying wildly and running away from the ocean and up a nearby hill.The puzzled keepers could tell the animals were worried about something.But what
What the keepers did not know was that a 9.2-metre wall of water was headed straight toward them.This tsunami had been caused by an earthquake more than 1,610 kilometres away in the Indian Ocean.When the huge wave hit the coast,it caused severe damage.Many people died.The elephants,however,were not swept away by the water.They stood safely on the hill.
Scientists have long suspected that animals sense natural disasters before humans do.People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside and sharks swimming to deeper waters before a hurricane.After the 2004 tsunami,people said they saw tigers,monkeys,and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in.Even in the hardest-hit areas of southern Asia,there were few animal deaths.
It’s unlikely that an animal’s so-called sixth sense comes from some magical power to see into the future.Experts believe that animals may be more sensitive than humans to changes in temperature and other environmental conditions that take place before a natural disaster.The elephants in Sri Lanka,for example,may have picked up vibrations (震动) from within the Earth,a sign that danger was coming.Because vibrations in the ground travel much faster than an ocean wave,the elephants may have felt the earthquake that caused the tsunami well before the tsunami itself came to the coast.
A few scientists are calling for a system to track reports of strange behaviour in people’s pets,hoping that these reports can serve as a warning system that a natural disaster is about to happen.But Marina Haynes,an animal behaviour scientist at the Philadelphia Zoo,says,“It would be an unreliable way to predict disasters.It can be difficult to know what an animal is doing.Is the animal nervous because an earthquake is about to happen or is it frightened because there is an enemy nearby ”
4.What happened to the elephants in Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park on December 26,2004
A.They died in the natural disaster.
B.They were disturbed by the tourists.
C.They moved from the hill to the seaside.
D.They behaved strangely before the tsunami.
5.How did the author present animals’ “sixth sense” in Paragraph 3
A.By giving examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By showing research findings.
D.By telling an interesting story.
6.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A.The advantages of being sensitive.
B.The influences of the natural disaster.
C.How animals predict a natural disaster.
D.How elephants make use of their sixth sense.
7.What is Haynes’ attitude towards the animal warning system
A.Delighted. B.Doubtful.
C.Hopeful. D.Disappointed.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物是如何预测自然灾害的。阅读本文,有利于学生认识自然灾害的规律,增强抗灾意识和能力。
答案及剖析:
4.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“But at mid-morning the park’s elephants began crying wildly...But what ”,再结合下文对海啸来临的描述可知,大象在海啸来临之前表现得很反常。故选D。
5.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside...and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in.”可知,作者用举例子的方法展现出动物提前感知自然灾害的能力。故选A。
6.C 段落大意题。考查学生理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据第四段中的“Experts believe that animals may be more sensitive than humans...before a natural disaster.”及斯里兰卡大象提前感知海啸来临的例子可知,该段主要介绍了动物是如何预测自然灾害的。故选C。
7.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段Haynes所说的话可知,Haynes认为这种通过观察动物异常行为来预测自然灾害的预警机制不可靠,因为人们很难分辨动物异常行为背后的真正缘由,她持怀疑态度。故选B。
核心素养提升(Unit 6)
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
高考主播音频
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How did the woman feel about the competition ( B )
A.Glad. B.Nervous. C.Confident.
2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers ( A )
A.Classmates. B.Colleagues.
C.Teacher and student.
3.What do the speakers talk about ( B )
A.The cap. B.The weather.
C.The picnic.
4.How much will the woman probably pay for the skirt ( B )
A.$30. B.$70. C.$100.
5.What does the man mean ( C )
A.He should go and see a doctor.
B.He is busy with his report.
C.He can’t help the woman.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.When did the couple leave ( C )
A.On Monday. B.On Thursday.
C.On Saturday.
7.What does the woman say about the couple’s families ( C )
A.They work at weekends.
B.They got lost in the wilderness.
C.They knew nothing about the couple’s travel plan.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8.What does the woman want the man to do ( B )
A.Type out her report.
B.Repair her keyboard.
C.Look for her keys.
9.What will the woman do ( C )
A.Have some juice.
B.Pick up her friend.
C.Go shopping.
听第8段材料,回答第10～12题。
10.Why do the speakers make a stop now ( A )
A.To take a rest. B.To get some gas.
C.To fix the car.
11.Where will the speakers stay ( C )
A.In a hotel. B.In a tent.
C.In a cabin.
12.When will the speakers leave on Sunday ( A )
A.By one o’clock. B.By three o’clock.
C.By six o’clock.
听第9段材料,回答第13～16题。
13.What kind of jobs seem to be in short supply ( B )
A.Writers. B.School teachers.
C.Newspaper reporters.
14.Where is Sharon most likely to go ( C )
A.New York. B.Boston.
C.California.
15.What does James plan to do if he can’t find a job ( A )
A.Continue his education.
B.Start a newspaper.
C.Write a book.
16.What are the speakers ( A )
A.Students. B.Workers.
C.Teachers.
听第10段材料,回答第17～20题。
17.What is available at Bookmark ( B )
A.Local fruit. B.Tea.
C.Beer.
18.How much does it cost to become a member of Bookmark ( B )
A.$2. B.$10. C.$12.
19.Who is speaking next month ( A )
A.Anne Rice. B.Daisy Lane.
C.George Hill.
20.What kind of event is held once a week ( A )
A.A movie.
B.A book reading.
C.A book exchange programme.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
W:Hi,Jack.
M:Hi,May.
W:I’m glad the competition’s over.I was so nervous.
M:But you read your poem really well.You seemed quite confident.
(Text 2)
W:There is so much homework to do.I’m going to be driven mad.
M:Keep cool.It’ll be all right.What will you do after our final exam
(Text 3)
W:How is the weather today
M:It’s beautiful.It’s perfect for a picnic.
W:Much better than yesterday,isn’t it
M:Yes.My cap was nearly blown away.
(Text 4)
M:You look more beautiful in this white skirt than that yellow one.
W:Thank you.I like the white one better.But how much will you charge me
M:It costs $100,but I’d like to take off 30%,and that’s it.
(Text 5)
W:Could I ask you a favor,Ben
M:Of course.I’ve just finished my report.
W:Could you help me move my desk into the other office
M:Actually,I’ve got a bad back.Can you ask someone else
第二节
(Text 6)
W:Did you hear about the couple that got lost in the wilderness
M:Yeah.They were supposed to go camping for the weekend.They left on Saturday but never showed up on Monday for work.
W:Can you believe that they weren’t found until Thursday They didn’t even tell their families where they were going.
M:Well,it was a good thing they brought enough food.That’s the only reason they made it that long.
W:Their cell phones certainly weren’t much help.They probably thought they would work out there!
M:At least they’re OK now.
(Text 7)
M:Good morning.Is there anything I can do for you
W:I made my keyboard wet when I had some juice today,and now the keys are stuck.I can’t type up my report.
M:I see.
W:So how soon would you be able to fix it
M:Well,we’re not too busy right now.Why don’t you just wait and we can probably repair it for you within 30 minutes
W:Actually,I have to go to the bank and then do some shopping with my friend.
I’ ll just come back and pick up the keyboard when I’m done.
M:That’s OK.
(Text 8)
W:Why are you pulling into the gas station You filled up the tank at the last stop.Is there anything wrong with the car
M:Everything’s fine.I was just thinking we should take a bathroom break and relax our legs for a bit.We’ve been driving for three hours,and we’re at the halfway point anyway.
W:Good idea.At this rate,we should make it there by six.
M:We should pick up some firewood,too.My uncle’s cabin can get very cold at night.
W:Why couldn’t we just stay in a hotel You know I need comfort.
M:Trust me.You’ll be fine once we’re settled in by the fire.It’s not like
we’re staying in a tent.
W:Okay.Remember we need to leave by one o’clock Sunday.
M:You’ll arrive home safely as long as we don’t get lost.
W:What !
M:Just kidding.
(Text 9)
W:Hey,James.How’s the job search going
M:Hi,Sharon.I had no idea it would take so much time.It sure makes it difficult to prepare for final exams.How about you
W:I am lucky.There seems to be a shortage of high school teachers now.I applied to three schools,and each one offered me a position.
M:That’s great.Which one do you like
W:I haven’t decided yet.Of course,it would be easier for me to stay here in New York or go back home to Boston.But I may go to California.
M:That would be a big move.
W:So,tell me about your plans.
M:Well,I applied to six newspapers.But I think they’re looking for people with some experience.And it seems that everyone wants to be a writer these days.There just aren’t that many jobs out there.
W:That’s too bad.
M:Yes.I had hoped to have a job lined up by graduation.That doesn’t seem possible now.
W:What will you do if you can’t find a job
M:In that case,I’ll begin working on a master’s degree in the fall.
W:Good luck!
(Text 10)
Welcome to Bookmark!My name is Daisy Lane.We are the only place in the city that offers both books and food.Although we do not serve alcoholic drinks,we do have a great selection of coffee,tea,and juices,as well as local baked goods.We have many books for you to choose from.If you would like to take out a book,there is a two-dollar fee.We also have a book exchange program.That means you can donate one and borrow one for free.However,you need to pay a ten-dollar membership fee first.We also have many interesting events throughout the year.Next month,we will have a very special guest.The famous writer Anne Rice will join us to read from her new book,and to discuss her successful career.For movie lovers,we will be playing classic films every Friday night.Space is limited,so please sign up in advance.Please enjoy free coffee for the rest of the day,and if you have any questions or suggestions,please talk to our manager George Hill.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Wildfires were rapidly spreading through northern and southern California as powerful winds swept through the state,burning homes and forcing more than 200,000 people to leave their homes.Thousands of structures were destroyed in the massive fires.Firefighters and volunteers worked around the clock,risking their lives to save others,although thick clouds of wildfire smoke hung in the air.
But it’s not just humans in danger’s path.A video of a horse running away from the rescue team to find his family of horses went viral.The public was touched by the horse’s heroic act and shared their thoughts on the Internet.
Volunteers were rescuing several horses from the wildfire when one of the horses jumped away from the group.They were trying to help the horse,but he refused.They probably had no idea what was wrong with the horse,who just started running away from them.The horse raced back into danger to lead his family to safety,despite rescuers’ best efforts to stop him.He knew he couldn’t leave them behind.As the tension (紧张) increased,several human strangers jumped in to help the animals—they went back to the burning barn where some of the horses remained.
You can watch the horse run back into the smoke-filled area,reconnect with the horses inside the fence,and quickly accompany them out of the fenced-off area.Though it’s not clear from the video,the media reported that all but one of the horses involved were saved.Disastrous as the California wildfires have been,the video and countless other rescue stories—humans and animals alike—are shining light on all acts of goodness taking place.
21.What does the author intend to show by telling the wildfires in detail in
Paragraph 1
A.What caused the big wildfires.
B.How serious the wildfires were.
C.What rescuers did in the wildfires.
D.How rapidly the wildfires spread.
22.Which words can best describe the horse
A.Loyal but stubborn.
B.Caring and courageous.
C.Responsible and clever.
D.Flexible but aggressive.
23.What message does the author want to convey
A.Fighting disasters needs joint efforts.
B.Animals are always friends of man.
C.All good deeds deserve to be praised.
D.Animals show goodness to each other.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在加利福尼亚南部肆虐的野火烧毁了房屋,迫使人们逃离家园,消防员与志愿者冒着生命危险抢救他人的故事。与之类似的是一段来自洛杉矶的视频,视频中有一匹马挣脱救援队返回大火中营救自己的家人,这引起了人们的思考:动物也有善举。阅读本文,有利于培养学生知恩图报以及热爱生活、热爱大自然的品质。
答案及剖析:
21.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第一段中的“burning homes and forcing more than 200,000 people to...in the massive fires.”可推测,作者的目的是说明野火有多严重。故选B。
22.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段中的“The horse raced back into danger to lead his family to safety,despite...leave them behind.”可推测,马儿勇敢且关心家人。故选B。
23.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“the video and countless other rescue stories...of goodness taking place”可推测,作者告诉我们无论是人类还是动物,一切善行都值得称赞。故选C。
B
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s according to a study and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests,the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010,McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildland protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed,taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt (融雪).
Since the 1930s,McIntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures,which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt,which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
24.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B.The increasing variety of California big trees.
C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.
25.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A.Ecological studies of forests.
B.Banning woodcutting.
C.Limiting housing development.
D.Fire control measures.
26.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A.Inadequate snowmelt.
B.A longer dry season.
C.A warmer climate.
D.Dampness of the air.
27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.California’s forests:where have all the big trees gone
B.Cutting of big trees to be prohibited in California soon
C.Why are the big trees important to California forests
D.Patrick McIntyre:grow more big trees in California
语篇导读:本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明,加利福尼亚州的大树变少了,而气候变化是其中的一个主要因素。阅读本文,有利于培养学生爱护环境,关注气候变化的意识。
答案及剖析:
24.A 段落大意题。考查学生理解段落主旨要义的能力。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性。故选A。
25.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。第三段提到造成加利福尼亚州的大树减少的三个因素:woodcutters、housing development与aggressive wildfire control。前两个因素直接与大树的减少有关,如果能控制住,大树就不会减少;而第三个因素——控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树,其初衷是控制野火,目的好的,但实则对大树不利。故选D。
26.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章最后一段可知,水不足的主要原因就是气温升高,即更加温暖的气候,故选C。
27.A 标题归纳题。考查学生理解和概括主旨要义的能力。本文是一篇调查报告,第一段就点出主题:“California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s”。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等,A项作为标题合适。故选A。
C
It was 3:21 am when Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning.Except for the cracking (爆裂声) of flames somewhere below,there was not a sound in the two-storey house at Baldwin,Long Island.
With his father away on night duty at a local factory,Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother,his sister Karen and his brother Todd.He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull Karen and Todd until they sat up.Then he helped each one through the house to the safety of the garden.There,his sister and brother,taking short and quick breaths and coughing,fell down onto the lawn.
Glenn raced back into the house and upstairs to his mother’s room.He found it impossible to wake her up.Mrs Kreamer,a victim of the smoke,was unconscious,and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden.But Glenn stayed calm and,as a fireman said later,“acted with all the self-control of a trained adult”.
On the bedroom telephone,luckily still working,Glenn called his father and,
leaving Mr Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulance service,got on with the task of saving his mother.
First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed.Then,with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden.
He could hear the fire engine coming up,but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground floor
Grasping firmly a ball of string (线) from the garage,Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother’s room.Tying one end of the string to her hand,he ran back,laying out the string as he went,through the ball and back out into the garden.
Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan,“The string will lead you to my mother.”Mrs Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor.
28.Why did Glenn run downstairs first
A.He wanted to find out what was happening.
B.He was worried about his mother’s safety.
C.He wanted to save his sister and brother.
D.He went to see if his father had come back from work.
29.Which of the following can replace “unconscious” in Paragraph 3
A.Unfortunate. B.Confuse.
C.Terrified. D.Senseless.
30.Who called the fire brigade and ambulance service
A.Glenn.
B.Glenn’s father.
C.Glenn’s sister.
D.Glenn’s neighbour.
31.Glenn saved his family because .
A.his father had taught him to do so on the phone
B.he had learnt something about first aid
C.he had dealt with the emergency calmly and wisely
D.he had followed his mother’s instructions
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Glenn在父亲不在家的情况下,发现家中起火后,冷静应对,成功地救出哥哥、姐姐和母亲的故事。阅读本文,有利于提升学生冷静应对事故的心理素质,增强学生防灾救灾的意识与能力。
答案及剖析:
28.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother,his sister Karen...pull Karen and Todd until they sat up.”可知,Glenn十分担心哥哥、姐姐和妈妈的安全,于是跑到楼下把哥哥、姐姐推醒,所以Glenn先跑下楼是为了救哥哥、姐姐。故选C。
29.D 词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词义的能力。根据第三段中的“He found it impossible to wake her up.Mrs Kreamer...Glenn carry her to the garden.”可推知,
unconscious意为“无意识的,无知觉的”,senseless符合文意。故选D。
30.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第四段可知,Glenn打电话给爸爸,是让爸爸打电话给消防队并叫救护车。故选B。
31.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段的第二句、第四段以及第六段可以推断,在整个救援过程中,Glenn冷静机智地处理紧急情况。故选C。
D
Cities are likely to be affected by overheating,thanks to something called the urban heat island effect.Cities tend to be short of trees,which provide shade,and they are covered with black pavement,which absorbs heat from the sun.Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day.A black shirt absorbs light,heating you up.But a white shirt reflects light,keeping you cool.
The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees hotter than surrounding areas.That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly.As temperatures rise,cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave.To protect public health,city officials are going to make the city cooler.
As part of that effort,Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal,a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt (沥青).It will help Angelinos save money during the summer,when air conditioning sends power bills soaring.And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality.Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog,which can make life miserable for people with asthma (哮喘) and other breathing problems.
Of course,LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city.Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops—at least those not already covered in solar panels.While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets,other cities,like New York,are already experimenting with reflective roofs or,like Melbourne,lowering the temperature by planting trees.LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.
“This is an urgent challenge,and it’s much bigger than one person,”said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement.“Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”
32.Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect
A.Planting more trees in the streets.
B.Covering the streets with white paint.
C.Applying reflective paint on rooftops.
D.Furnishing every house with air conditioners.
33.What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer
A.How to make the city cooler.
B.Where to wear a white shirt.
C.Why coat the roads with black paint.
D.When to cut off the electricity supply.
34.What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal
A.Increasing the indoor activities.
B.Promoting the sale of air conditioners.
C.Making life easier and more comfortable.
D.Reducing the number of cold days.
35.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.LA adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.
B.LA calls on people to fight against global warming.
C.More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.
D.LA is painting its streets gray to keep the city cool.
语篇导读:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了城市热岛效应产生的原因、危害及应对措施,举例讲述了洛杉矶应对热岛效应所采取的措施:多植树,把道路刷成白色及给屋顶粉刷具有反射性的颜料。阅读本文,有利于增进学生对城市热岛效应的理解,启发学生从身边小事做起,减轻城市热岛效应,增强学生保护环境的意识。
答案及剖析:
32.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第一段以及倒数第二段的第二句可知,多植树,把道路刷成白色,以及给屋顶粉刷具有反射性的颜料,这些都是缓解热岛效应的措施。D项符合题意。故选D。
33.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第二段内容可知,热岛效应导致市区的温度比郊区高五度,这会给人们的健康带来致命的危害,政府人员在炎热夏季的主要任务就是让城市的温度降下来,因此A项符合题意。故选A。
34.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段的第一句和第三句可知,给洛杉矶的马路涂上一层冷却面,即一种灰色的油漆,可以降低温度并改善空气质量,从而使人们的生活更加轻松舒适。故选C。
35.D 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。文章主要提出了“热岛效应”这个概念,然后说明热岛效应带来的危害,最后也是文章的中心内容,介绍了洛杉矶为了给城市降温而采取的措施——把街道刷成灰色,因此D项符合题意。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Earthquake can strike without warning.But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.
If you’re inside a building,stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.But do remember: do it carefully.36. So do it as follows: Drop to the ground.Get under an object (物体) that is not easily damaged.Hold on to it until the shaking stops.You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your hand.If you’re in bed when the quake hits,stay there and protect your head with a pillow.
37. You can go to the park,playground or fields near your house.Don’t take shelter under a tree,streetlights,electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving,stop as quickly as possible and stay away from buildings,bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you.38.
If you are trapped in ruins,cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing.Use your cell phone to call for help if possible.Don’t shout.39. Tap (敲) on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.
Be prepared for aftershocks (余震).40. However,sometimes they even happen months later.Therefore,if you are not in a safe position (位置) after the first shock,you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.
A.Don’t park your car under a tree or any tall object.
B.Don’t move about or kick up dust.
C.They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.
D.If you’re outside,go to an open space.
E.Take a good hold of your cell phone in the building.
F.Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.
G.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.
语篇导读:本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了避免诸如地震之类的自然灾害的安全建议。阅读本文,有利于培养学生防范自然灾害的意识,并学习本文中应对地震的措施,提高自救
能力。
答案及剖析:
36.F 考查学生理解平行和递进语义连贯的具体信息的能力。比较设空句所在段落前两句及选项F可知,其中的injuries、inside buildings、try to go out这些关键词相同,F项能够承接上句。故选F。
37.D 考查学生理解上下文语义的能力。由下文可知,如果你走路去公园、操场或田野,不要在树、路灯、电线杆和楼下躲避;如果你在开车,要尽快停车,远离大楼、桥梁或任何能在你下方倒塌的地方。也就是说,如果你在外面,就到一个开阔的地方去。故选D。
38.A 考查学生理解上下文语义的能力。设空句前有“Don’t...”句型,且设空句为段尾句,用来总结上文。上文说,如果你在开车,要尽快停车,远离大楼、桥梁或任何能在你下方倒塌的地方。选项A也是“Don’t...”,其句型结构与上文一样,且语义承接上文。故选A。
39.G 考查学生对平行信息之间的衔接关系的理解能力。设空句前有单词shout,词汇复现,选项G中的Shouting符合语境,且选项G承接上句。故选G。
40.C 考查学生理解语义转折句的衔接关系的能力。本段的段首句意为“为余震做好准备”。是本段的主题句。选项C是对主题句的说明,且能和设空句的下一句构成转折关系。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was a young newspaper reporter,and I wanted to succeed.My first 41 was in Latin America.It was almost my last job.
I had not planned to stay in the village of Zacate, 42 it had been raining hard for a whole day.So I had to stay there.
I found people there full of 43 .This village was at the foot of a volcano (火山).It was becoming more 44 .Men,women and children came to the square.A few helped each other and went out of town to get as far away from the volcano as possible,with large and full 45 in their hands.Suddenly,I felt a strong
46 .The villagers in the square ran away as soon as they felt the earthquake.
Suddenly,I saw black smoke 47 down the side of the mountain towards the village.Trees and grass burned up in a second.The volcano eruption was coming so 48 that in less than a minute the roads to the village were 49 .All I could do was to watch and wait.Suddenly,my landlord (房东) cried out,“Look!”He
50 to a small hill.The lava (岩浆) was not coming over it but 51 on each side of the village,leaving the village centre 52 .For a time,at least,we were
53 ,unless the lava grew much bigger.
My landlord gave me a wet blanket to cover myself to avoid the 54 and we poured water over our heads to cool ourselves.We could hardly breathe (呼吸) because of the heat and the 55 of the burning houses.Thanks to my landlord,I survived the volcano.
41.A.friend B.job
C.voyage D.shopping
42.A.so B.if
C.or D.but
43.A.happiness B.fear
C.determination D.power
44.A.comfortable B.weak
C.active D.calm
45.A.flowers B.umbrellas
C.books D.packs
46.A.flood B.earthquake
C.cold D.fire
47.A.rolling B.disappearing
C.lying D.settling
48.A.gradually B.frequently
C.fast D.late
49.A.put off B.cut off
C.built up D.fixed up
50.A.returned B.added
C.got D.pointed
51.A.recovering B.resting
C.seeking D.flowing
52.A.unimportant B.unusual
C.uncrowded D.undamaged
53.A.dangerous B.warm
C.safe D.kind
54.A.lightning B.heat
C.partner D.enemy
55.A.smoke B.colour
C.size D.noise
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名记者在拉丁美洲经历了一场火山爆发后幸存下来的故事。阅读本文,有利于提升学生的环保意识和自然灾害防范意识,促使学生理解人与大自然之间的紧密关系,尊重大自然,合理地利用大自然。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
41.B 作者的第一份工作(job)在拉丁美洲。
42.D 前文作者说没打算停留,后文表示因为下雨不得不停留,前后具有明显的转折含义,故用but。
43.B 根据后文“A few helped each other and went out of town to get as far away from the volcano as possible...”可推断人们充满了恐惧,十分害怕(fear)。
44.C 火山开始变得越来越活跃(active)。
45.D 人们带着又大又鼓的包裹(packs),互相帮助,离开村庄。
46.B 根据后文“...they felt the earthquake.”可知,作者感觉到了地震(earthquake)。
47.A 句意:突然,我看到黑烟在山边滚动(rolling),向村庄袭来。
48.C 49.B 火山爆发来得太快(fast),以至于不到一分钟进村庄的路就被切断(cut
off)了。
50.D 结合语境可知,房东大喊了一声,指着(pointed)小山让作者他们往那儿看。
51.D 岩浆并没有向这里流过来,而是向村子两侧流去(flowing),村子的中心没有被破坏。
52.D 结合前文可知,岩浆没有流过村子中心,因此村子中心没有被破坏(undamaged)。
53.C 句意:至少有一段时间,我们是安全的(safe),除非岩浆变得更大。
54.B 结合常识可知,岩浆很热(heat),需要用湿毯子盖住自己,避免烫伤。
55.A 结合语境可知,因为热量和燃烧房子产生的烟(smoke),作者很难呼吸。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite all the advantages,it is also necessary to analyse the disadvantages of solar energy.Certain disadvantages of solar energy may imply that 56. solar device may not be practical.The 57. (aspect) to consider are the following:
Energy 58. (efficient) is poor compared to other sources of energy.The ratio (比率) of the amount of energy 59. (receive) in a solar panel to the amount of electrical energy is low compared to other sources of energy such as nuclear power.
The performance is a function of the weather.Dependence 60. the weather or the climate makes this energy source an unworkable option in areas where the sky is 61. (most) cloudy.
Limitations on solar time.Keep in mind that in certain areas the solar time is 62. (short).In the northern European countries,for example,during the winter days the solar hours are very few.In addition,the radiation angle
63. (vary)during the different days of the year.The variation of the radiation angle alone influences the performance of the solar panels.
Limitations to store the generated energy.Because the hours 64. electrical energy can be obtained are not always in agreement with the hours in which it is necessary 65. (store) the energy.For this,there are solar batteries and hot water tanks,but the efficiency is still very low.
语篇导读:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了太阳能尽管有着多种多样的好处,同时它的不利方面也不可忽视:能效低,受天气、气候和地理位置制约,以及能量存储效率低。阅读本文,有利于培养学生辩证地看待问题的意识。
56.a 考查冠词。本句中的名词短语solar device表示泛指意义,故用不定冠词。
57.aspects 考查名词的数。根据下文四段内容可知,文章从四个方面阐述太阳能的不利之处,此处表示复数意义,且be动词是含有复数概念的are。
58.efficiency 考查名词。此处是主语,energy efficiency意为“能效”,故用名词形式。
59.received 考查非谓语动词。此处是定语修饰名词energy,两者构成被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。
60.on 考查介词。本句的主语Dependence与它的动词形式depend和形容词形式dependent一样,都是与介词on构成固定搭配。
61.mostly 考查副词。句意:对天气或者气候的依赖,使得这种能源在天空大部分多云的地区成为不切实际的选择。mostly意为“大部分,多半地”。
62.shorter 考查形容词。句意:别忘了,在某些地方,光照时间会更短。本句强调某些地方与其他地方相比,故用形容词的比较级。
63.varies 考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语the radiation angle是单数,而本文使用的都是一般现在时,故谓语用第三人称单数形式。
64.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词hours,表示时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when。
65.to store 考查非谓语动词。前文it是形式主语,真正的主语应该是动词不定式,故用to store。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
山体滑坡(landslide)会给山区带来房屋倒塌、人员伤亡等严重后果。山体滑坡发生时如何保护自己已经成为重要话题。假设你是李华,请你以“How to survive a landslide”为题写一篇专栏文章。要点如下:
1.暴雨天要及时留意周围山体。如果感觉到山体松动,应主动转移到空旷安全地带。
2.发生山体滑坡时,要尽快向滑坡方向的两侧逃离,并在周围寻找安全地带。
3.遇到山体崩塌时,可躲避在结实的物体下,利用身边的衣物裹住头部。
4.不要再回到已经被山体滑坡摧毁的家中寻找丢失的物品。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
How to survive a landslide
What matters first is that you should keep close eyes on the surrounding mountains.If you feel the vibration of the surrounding mountains,move to a safe and open area as soon as quickly.Furthermore,a landslide ocurring,do rush towards both sides immediately,seeking a safe place to stay.Meanwhile,you can hide yourself under strong things,wrapping your head with your clothes.Eventually,never return to your home ruined by the landslide for your lost belongings.
It’s natural that a natural disaster happens now and then.However,as long as you take proper preparations in advance,you can still reduce the damages.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I lived in the State of Texas,where sudden storms often happen every year.Last Sunday,there was no dirt in the air,only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky.After lunch,Papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle while Mama started to prepare dinner.Everything seemed peaceful.Faye and I played happily in the yard.The heat had been building since dawn.Suddenly the temperature dropped—it felt good.
Then Mama shouted from the house,“Iris,you and Faye get inside,real quick now!” I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust,like thick smoke from a railway engine’s chimney.All the birds flew away.The stop lights nearby weren’t working because of a power failure.
“Faye,go with Mama!” I shouted.“I’ll warn Papa.”
Faye ran towards the house.The storm hit so fast that I hardly saw her climb the steps.In a short time,the day turned into night.I screamed for Papa,hoping my voice would lead him back.But I couldn’t hear or see him at all.
Some house roofs were blown off,and small trees down.I thought a terrible storm was on the way and the scene was “the worst I’ve seen in several years”.The dirt and sand stung (刺痛) my face like a thousand bees.I needed to get to shelter.Covering my face with one hand,I made my way towards the car and opened the door.Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the door closed.Papa was still out somewhere! I needed to help him find the car.
I searched the dashboard (仪表板) and found the switch for the front lights.They made some rays,but would Papa see them in the thick darkness I pushed the horn (喇叭) again and again,hoping Papa would hear it.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly,Papa’s face appeared at the window.
Paragraph 2:
Papa shut off the car’s lights and I worried the dirt would bury us.
[写作指导]
1.阅读文章,掌握主旨方向。
2.明确写作思路,确定续写内容。
3.汇集故事线索,列出写作要点。
4.优化语言,完善续写逻辑。
One possible version:
Suddenly,Papa’s face appeared at the window.My heart jumped with surprise and relief.He opened the door and climbed onto the seat next to me.He coughed,wiped his eyes with dirty hands,and then pulled me into his arms.“Oh,Iris,you’re safe.” I hugged Papa and cried.I could feel the tears streaming down my dirty cheeks.Papa looked at my face.“Your mother and Faye ” I said,“They are in the house.” Papa nodded,“Good.We’ll wait there for the storm to pass.”
Papa shut off the car’s lights and I worried the dirt would bury us.Luckily,the wind died down and the dust started to settle.Papa kicked against the door,opening it far enough to let us out,removing the dust.We went home as Mama dashed out.“Mum!” I shouted and ran into her arms.“Oh,my precious Iris!” Mama cried.“You and Papa are safe!” “I’m safe thanks to Iris,” Papa said.“The car’s horn led me to shelter.” “I’m so proud of you,”Mum said to me.I cried even more,with tears of joy because my family had survived the horrible storm.
