人教版（2019）必修第三册UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES课时教学（2课件+2学案）

(共109张PPT)
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
头脑风暴·思维发散
The traditional Chinese virtue is an important component of the traditional Chinese culture and it is a rich nutrition for the construction of the harmonious socialist society.Then what are the traditional Chinese virtues Which of the following virtues do you think you have
Can you list more virtues that you think are important
Strong-willed　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
Part 1　Listening and Speaking,Reading and Thinking,Discovering Useful Structures
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
语法专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与社会 ——道德与美德
2.语篇类型:记叙文
3.课文内容分析:文章介绍了林巧稚的生平。她是我国著名的医学家,为我国的医疗
事业作出了巨大的贡献,更重要的是,她的人生经历能给学生带来无限启迪。无论
是在求学期间,还是在职业发展的道路上,林巧稚面对的道德困境和人生选择,与
当前每个年轻人即将面对的社会生活有着许多相似之处。从她的人生抉择中,学
生能够感受到她身上的仁善、自强、勤奋、执着、敬业、慷慨,还有高度的责任
感和广博的爱心。这些美好的品质不仅值得学生学习,还能启发学生反思自我,思
考如何面对人生抉择,认真选择未来的道路,全力以赴地面对人生的挑战。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
student
medicine
physician
tending
training
married
重点词汇
1.These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this
amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.(教材
第16页)
林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑
着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
核心知识·深入探究
◆carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
Her confidence carried her through difficulties.
自信心帮助她渡过了难关。
Armed with this knowledge,they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.(2019北京卷,阅读理解C)
有了这些知识作为武装,他们就能够开展针对个人的活动来欺骗人们。
Only when you are in good health,can you carry on studying.
只有当你身体健康状况良好的时候,你才能继续学习。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①We should carry 　　　　 the plan strictly and carefully.
②We hope that more artists will carry 　　　　 and develop the folk art.
③I am grateful to my friends for their generous help.It is they who
carried me 　　 　　 when I was in trouble.
out
forward
through
2.At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the
majority of girls,she chose to study medicine.(教材第16页)
十八岁时,她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选择了学医。
◆majority n.大部分;大多数
However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
然而,大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者,是因为他们受过训练。
The majority of my work has to be done at home.
我的大部分工作必须在家里完成。
In the nursing profession,women are in the/a majority.
女性在护理行业中占大多数。
[备用例句]
①Do you want to major in medicine in your future
你将来想主修医学吗
②A majority of students find it interesting to learn history.
大多数学生觉得学习历史很有趣。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
①the majority作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数。
②“the majority of+名词”用作主语时,谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。“the majority of+复数名词”用作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the majority of+不可数名词”用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I believe that the students supporting me are 　　　　 the majority.
②I do believe that the majority of the people 　　　　 (be) in favour of
the plan.
in
are
3.“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be
their final goal!” her brother complained,thinking of the high
tuition fees.(教材第16页)
“女孩子读那么多书干吗 找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的
学费就这么抱怨。
◆complain vi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚
They have never complained to anyone about their lives.
他们从来没有向任何人抱怨过他们的生活。
Some people—and I was one of them—believe that humourous complaints about the little problems of life make humour,and sometimes that is the case.(2020江苏卷,任务型阅读)
有些人——我也是其中之一——认为对生活中的小问题幽默地抱怨会产生幽默,有时确实如此。
The community workers have no complaint about their work.
社区工作人员对他们的工作没有抱怨。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Don’t complain 　　 　　 your life.You should be thankful for what
you have.
②Why don’t you make a 　　　 　(complain) against your noisy
neighbours
about/of
complaint
4.She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life! ”(教材
第16页)
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
◆respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
When asked about the company’s future,the director responded that he remained optimistic.
当被问到公司未来的时候,主任回答说他依然保持乐观。
You can rely on him to respond to a challenge.
你可以指望他去应对挑战。
How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie’s request
(2020天津卷,阅读理解B)
林肯总统最初是如何回应维尼的请求的
[备用例句]
①Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not
offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response (2020全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
与其纠结于你怎样才能做得更好,为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢
②The product was developed in response to customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
③He made no response to my suggestion,which made me very disappointed.
他对我的建议没有反应,这使我很失望。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The woman conductor kindly responded 　　　　 my question.
②She laughed in response 　　　　 his jokes.
③The first 　 　　　 (respond) he made was that we should lend him a
helping hand.
to
to
response
5.In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed
director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital...(教材第16页)
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任……
◆appoint vt.任命;委派
Appointed as headmaster of the school,he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
被任命为该校校长后,他努力提高学校的教学质量。
The boss appointed me to organise the activities on that day.
老板委派我去组织那天的活动。
[备用例句]
①—Good morning,Mr.Lee’s office.
——早上好,这里是李先生的办公室。
—Good morning.I’d like to make an appointment for next Wednesday
afternoon.
——早上好。我想约下周三下午(和李先生)见个面。
②I have an appointment with my lawyer next Saturday.
我与我的律师约好下星期六见面。
③Tom had arrived at the appointed time.
汤姆在约定的时间到达。
归纳拓展
巧学助记 ap+point(指出)→指出由谁去做→appoint
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I was appointed 　　　　 (take) charge of the activities.
②I should probably make an 　　　 　(appoint) with the eye doctor.
③At last,he got to the 　　 　　(appoint) place and offered the poor
boy his advice on how to go through the tough time.
to take
appointment
appointed
6.She was more interested in tending patients,publishing medical research
on care for women and children,and training the next generation of
doctors.(教材第17页)
她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代医生。
◆tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B)
虽然我倾向于买很多书,但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的,这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。
The lamb had become separated from its mother,so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.(2020浙江卷,完形填空)
小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它,而Don还坐在他的座位上。
[备用例句]
①His views tend towards the extreme.
他的观点趋向于偏激。
②People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems
more effectively. (2020北京卷,七选五)
经常练习积极思考的人往往能更有效地解决问题。
③As a Senior 3 student,it is normal that you have a tendency to get
anxious with time going by.
作为一名高三学生,随着时间的推移你会感到焦虑,这是正常的。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①While I hate to admit it,people always tend 　　 　　(judge) a person
by his or her appearance initially.
②She has a strong natural 　 　　　 (tend) towards caution.
完成句子
③他缺席会议了,因为他在照顾生病的父亲。
He is absent from the meeting,for he 　　　　　　　　 his sick father.
to judge
tendency
is tending(to)
7.She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how
she should respond to the questions.(教材第17页)
她在面试时吓得完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
◆scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
The thieves got scared and ran away.
小偷害怕了,就跑了。
Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.
(2020浙江7月卷,读后续写)
有时这样大的噪声会把熊吓跑。
It scared him to realise how close he had come to losing everything.
一想到差点就一无所有,他心有余悸。
[备用例句]
①I’m scared (that) I’m going to fall.
我害怕自己快掉下去了。
②We are always facing the problem of scaring birds away from airport
runways.
我们总是面临着如何把鸟从机场跑道吓跑的问题。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①People are 　　　 　 (scare) to use the taxi late at night.
②She was scared 　　　　 death at the sight of a snake.
完成句子
③一想到我会在一个陌生的地方学习,我就非常害怕。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 is that I’m going to study in a strange place.
④她害怕晚上一个人走路。
She 　　　　　　　　　　　　 walking alone at night.
scared
to
What scares me most
is scared of
8.The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect
someone to replace the secretary.(教材第17页)
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别的会议,选举一个人来接替秘书。
◆replace vt.接替;取代;更换
We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
我们正在考虑如何设计植物来取代我们使用的日用品的功能。
The new design will eventually replace all existing models.
新的设计最终将会取代全部现有的型号。
They replaced the permanent staff with part-timers.
他们用兼职人员来代替固定职员。
[备用例句]
I will go there in place of him.
=I will go there in his place.
=I will take his place to go there.
=I will take the place of him to go there.
=I will go there instead of him.
我将替他去那儿。
归纳拓展
语境运用
①It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them 　　　　 snacks.
②Old books are like old friends.Once lost,they can never 　　　 　 .
(replace).
句型转换
③Nothing can replace face-to-face communication between parents and
kids.
→Nothing can 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 face-to-face
communication between parents and kids.
with
be replaced
take
the
place
of
9.Despite the difficult situation,Dr Bethune did whatever he could to
assist the Chinese people.(教材第18页)
尽管很困难,白求恩大夫还是尽其所能地帮助中国人民。
◆assist vt.帮助;援助
“So do I,” said Harry.“We really should do something to assist them.”(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写 )
“我也一样。”哈利说,“我们真应该做点什么来帮助他们。”
He assisted the boy in finding a school to study in.
他帮助那个男孩找了一所学校学习。
Lacking experience,Lily wanted me to assist her with her work.
由于缺乏经验,莉莉想让我在工作上帮助她。
[备用例句]
For assistance,please call Queensland Rail on 131617.
(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解A)
如需帮助,请致电/拨打昆士兰铁路131617。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①In the future,we will have handy robots and computers to assist us
　　　　 the things that are boring.
②If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle,ask the shop
　　 　　 (assist)to reduce the price.
③The translations were carried out with the　　　 　 (assist) of a
medical dictionary.
④He often assists his mother 　　 　　 (take) care of the old man in
their community.
with
assistant
assistance
to take
10.Sadly,Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was
buried in Shijiazhuang.(教材第18页)
不幸的是,白求恩医生在第二年11月去世了,埋葬在石家庄。
◆pass away 去世
She has taken care of the little boy for three years since his parents passed away.
小男孩父母去世后,她照顾他已经三年了。
It was the first time that I found life could so easily pass away.
那是我第一次发现,原来生命可以这样容易地逝去。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Many lives pass 　　　　 before others have a chance to meet them.
②When she passed 　　　　,she pretended not to see me.
③The story is passed 　　　　 from generation to generation.
away
by
down
重点句式
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(教材第16页)
对于一个人来说,生命是最宝贵的……
◆本句是一个简单句。句中nothing is more precious than为比较级与否定词连用,表示最高级。
If you are free,nothing will be better if you can come to China to attend a traditional wedding.
如果你有空的话,你能来中国参加一场传统婚礼就最好了。
In my opinion,nothing is more important than health.
在我看来,健康是最重要的。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I have never heard a 　　　　(good) voice than her voice.
②No other book has had a 　　　 　(great) effect on my life.
一句多译
他比班里任何同学都努力。
③He works hardest in his class.
=He works harder than 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in his class.
=He works harder than 　　 　　　 　　　 / 　 in his
class.
=He works harder than 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in
his class.
=He works harder than 　　　　 　　　　 in his class.
better
greater
all
the
other
students
the
other
students
any
of
the
other
students
anyone
else
any
other
student
2.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician
in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(教材第16页)
她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
◆句中动词不定式短语to be hired as a resident physician in...Hospital作后置定语,修饰the first woman。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
中国已成为首个将航天器降落到月球背面的国家。
The impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.
印象派画家是第一批在户外写生的画家。
The best way to travel is to take a high-speed train.
最好的旅行方式是乘高铁。
He considered it a good chance to use what he learnt at school to help others.
他认为这是一个利用在学校所学到的东西帮助他人的好机会。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He is always the first 　　　　 (come) to my assistance when I am in
trouble.
②I do think he has the ability 　　　　(help) us go through the tough
time.
完成句子
③他是唯一知道真相的人。
He is the only man 　 .
④公众从来不相信他有能力做好这一工作。
The public never had faith in his ability 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
⑤接着向我走过来的那个人是卖高档钢笔和手表的。
The next man 　　　　　 　　　 was selling expensive pens and watches.
to come
to help
to know the truth
to do the job well
to come to me
长难句分析
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life,and if they entrust
me with that life,how could I refuse that trust,saying I’m cold,hungry,
or tired (教材第16页)
对于一个人来说,生命是最宝贵的。而现在这个人对你说,我把生命交给你,那么你
还说什么呢 你冷 你饿 你困
and 连接并列分句,前一个分句是一个简单句,后一个分句中if引导了条件状语从
句;saying是现在分词作伴随状语。
语境运用
单句情境写作
①对于一所学校来说,学生是最宝贵的。而如果家长们信任我们,我们怎么能拒绝,
说我们的生活又苦又累呢
.
.
.
②对于一个学生来说,实现梦想是最重要的。而碰到困难时,他或她怎么能轻易放弃,
说他或她不会成功呢
.
.
.
To a school,nothing is more precious than students and if parents trust us,how can we refuse that trust,saying our life is both hard and tiring
To a student,nothing is more important than realising his or her dream and when he or she meets with difficulties,how can he or she give up easily,saying that he or she will never succeed
③对于一个商人来说,诚信是最重要的。而如果碰到质量很差的商品,你怎么视而不
见,说这不关你的事呢
.
.
.
To a businessman,nothing is more important than honesty and if you find goods of poor quality,how can you turn a blind eye,saying it is none of your business
2.These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this
amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.(教
材第16页)
林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支
撑着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
并列连词and连接介词into的两个并列宾语。第一个宾语是the heart of this
amazing woman,第二个宾语是what引导的名词性从句。
语境运用
单句情境写作
①他详细描述了当地人的生活以及他在那个地方的经历。
.
.
②他给我写了一封信,这封信使我们了解到了有关他们新学校的一些事情,以及老师
和学生为学校的发展所做的一切。
.
.
He gave a detailed description of the life of the locals and what he experienced there.
He wrote me a letter which let us know something about their new school and what their teachers and students had done to improve their school.
③我们校长开了个会以回应学生们的请求以及老师们在教学中遇到的困难。
.
.
Our headmaster held a meeting in response to the students’requirements and the difficulties the teachers met with in their teaching.
备用讲义
1.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident
physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(教材第16页)
她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
◆hire vt.聘任;雇用;租用 n.租借;租用
An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.
(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读D)
研究人员雇用的一名演员先抢了她的食物。
The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,语法填空)
第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找那位著名的画家。
The cars are for/on hire,￡2 an hour.
这些汽车是出租的,每小时两英镑。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①They 　　　　 (hire) a consultant to design the new system.
②He hired himself 　　　　 to whoever needed his services.
hired
out
2.In 1954,she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and,
over the next several decades,she held many important positions.(教材
第17页)
1954年,她当选第一届全国人大代表,在随后的几十年间,她担任许多重要职位。
◆elect vt.选举;推选
Owing to his great work,Mandela was elected as/to be President of South Africa.
由于他的伟大工作,曼德拉被选举为南非总统。
He elected to help the homeless and his kindness paid off at last.
他选择帮助那些无家可归的人,他的善心终于得到了回报。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Within three months of his 　　　 　(elect) he was forced to resign.
②In addition,I have such a good command of English that I am elected
　　　 　 assistant to my English teacher.
election
as/to be
3.Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(教材第17页)
林医生坚守在岗位上,直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
◆retire vt.&vi.退休;退职;退出
At the age when most people retire,he is ready to face a new career.
在大多数人退休的年纪,他却准备要面对一项新事业。
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily,he brought the paintings with him.(2020全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空)
当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时,他带上了这两幅画。
归纳拓展
语境运用
用retire的正确形式填空
Before 　　　　 from the hospital,he has opened a saving account for
　　　 　 life.But he doesn’t look forward to his 　　 　　.
retiring
retired
retirement
4.What was the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her
life (教材第17页)
指导林医生在她的一生中做出这些选择的主要原则是什么
◆principle n.道德原则;法则;原则
Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
你想成为一名优秀的公众演说家吗 这里有一些你必须掌握的原则。
With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.(2019天津卷,阅读理解C)
通过这些模型,科学家们发现了食物网的一些关键工作原理。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①　　　　　　　　(原则上),the new software should make the accounting
system a lot simpler.
②Anyway,I can’t cheat in the exams—it’s 　 　　　　　(违背我的
原则).
③He always 　　　　　　 　 　(坚持自己的原则) to help those in
need.
In principle
against my principle
sticks to his principle
5.During the operation,she sat in the waiting room for over an hour
worrying about him.(教材第18页)
手术期间,她坐在候诊室里为他担心了一个多小时。
◆operation n.手术;企业;经营
This operation has never been performed in this country.
这个国家从未做过这种手术。
The system is still in operation,at least for the present.
这个系统至少目前还在运行。
The doctor is performing an operation on the little boy’s right leg.
医生正在给这个小男孩的右腿动手术。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an　　　　 .
(operate)on his knee.
②The man is in danger of losing his life if he isn’t operated 　　　at
once.
③Then,Yale’s business school had only been 　　 　　 operation for a
couple years.
operation
on
in
6.I saw her whispering something into his ear,obviously not wanting to be
heard.(教材第18页)
我看到她在他耳边低语着什么,显然是不想被听见。
◆whisper vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语 n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.
(2019全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B)
他的老师托马斯·威利就在他旁边,低声支持他。
“What do we intend to do next ” he asked in a whisper.
“我们下一步打算做什么 ” 他低声问道。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①“Where are you going ” he asked　　　　　　　　(低声地) .
②Mum 　　　　　　　 　(向……低语)us,“Be quiet! Your little sister’s
sleeping.”
③　　　 　　　 　　(有人私下说) the document will be circulated to all
employees.
in a whisper
whispered to
It is whispered that
语法专项指导
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
语法原句再现
1....her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.(教材第16页)
……她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
2.Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private
clinic.(教材第16页)
想到还有那么多人需要帮助,林医生开办了一间私人诊所。
3.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to
provide medical care.(教材第16页)
有时,人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去偏远的乡村给人看病。
4.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten
thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
(教材第17页)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五
万多名。
你能分清以上句子中的动词-ing形式在句中作什么成分吗 动词-ing形式不同的用法有什么不同的意义 你能用动词-ing形式描写人物的行为及发生的原因、结果或伴随情况吗
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间是主谓关系,即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如see、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、
listen to、look at、notice、observe等。
We could hear her singing as she ran upstairs.
我们可以听到她边唱歌边跑上楼。
I saw the kind boy helping the old lady cross the street.
我看见那个善良的男孩在帮助那位老太太过马路。
在see、hear、feel、watch等感官动词后,既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,也可用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时,表示动作正在进行;用省略了to的动词不定式时,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他跑过了公路。(强调整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正跑过公路。(强调正在进行)
温馨提示
(2)表示“指使”等意义的动词,如have、set、keep、leave、get等。
The joke set her laughing.
这个玩笑使她笑起来。
The doctor will soon have you walking again.
医生很快就会让你重新走路。
(3)在with复合结构中,动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语,表示动作“正在进行”。
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪声不断,我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her,she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她,她感到紧张。
动词-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别:当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时,用动词-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态);当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her.
我们看到他正在与她谈话。(正在进行)
I saw him beaten by Tom.
我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beat是被动关系)
温馨提示
2.动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语表示在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Walking on the street,I met my English teacher.(时间状语)
在街上走的时候,我遇到了我的英语老师。
Being ill,he couldn’t go to school.(原因状语)
因为生病,他不能去上学。
Working hard,you will certainly succeed.(条件状语)
只要刻苦学习,你就一定会成功的。
Meeting with much difficulty,he succeeded at last.(让步状语)
尽管遇到了很大困难,但他最终还是成功了。
My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.(结果状语)
我的车遭遇交通堵塞,于是导致了延误。
动词-ing形式作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,常用only to do结构,其被动形式为only to be done。
He was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
温馨提示
I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现是星期天。
Travelling by train,we visited a number of cities.(方式状语)
我们坐火车游览了很多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.(伴随状语)
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁,正在读一本书。
(1)当动词-ing形式的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用动词-ing形式的
完成式。
Having finished the letter,he went to post it.
他写完信后就去邮寄了。(Having finished 是先发生的,went是后发生的)
(2)使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语
之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory,they were very happy.(动词-ing
形式的被动式)
他们被领着参观了工厂后很高兴。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(动词-ing形式的主动式)
完成了作业后,他上床睡觉。
温馨提示
(3)动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构称为独立主格
结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The trees are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 metres.
那些树非常高,其中一些高达90多米。
The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.
由于天气好,我们出去散步了。
真题赏析
1.It’s affordable,and it’s got a fun atmosphere without 　　　　 (be)
too noisy.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读A)
2.I found myself completely above it and 　　　　(look) at a wonderfully
clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.
(2021全国甲卷,阅读理解A)
答案及剖析:
1.being　考查动词-ing形式作宾语。句意:它价格实惠,而且气氛有趣,又不太吵。介词without后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
2.looking　考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。句意:我发现自己完全在它的上方,看着夕阳西下的斯基多山峰清晰的景色。此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语myself与look之间为主谓关系,故要用动词-ing形式作宾补。
being
looking
3.According to the World Wildlife Fund,the global black rhino population
has dropped as low as 5,500,　　　　 (give) the rhinos a “critically
endangered” status.(2021全国甲卷,阅读理解B)
4.You keep 　　　 　(hear) about recycling,right But it doesn’t end
with bottles,cans,and paper.(2021全国甲卷,七选五)
答案及剖析:
3.giving　考查动词-ing形式作状语。句意:根据世界野生动物基金会的数据,全球黑犀牛数量已降至5 500头,这使黑犀牛处于“极度濒危”状态。前面某件事情导致了后面的结果,用动词-ing形式作结果状语,强调顺其自然的结果。
4.hearing　考查动词-ing形式作宾语。句意:你一直听说回收利用,对吧 但它不只是瓶子、罐子和纸。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”,动词-ing形式作宾语。
giving
hearing
5.The wall is 12 metres high and from here you can see streams of people
　　　　(move) inside and outside the City Wall.(2021全国甲卷,语法填空)
答案及剖析:
5.moving　考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。句意:城墙有12米高,从这里你可以看到川流不息的人群在城墙内外走动。此处是“see+宾语+宾语”补足语结构,宾语streams of people与move之间为主谓关系,故要用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
moving
语法专项训练
单句语法填空
1.China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries 　　　 　.
(recognise) its role in international affairs.
2.Don’t leave the water 　　　 　(run) while you brush your teeth.
3.Mother had the little girl 　　　　(play) the piano all the afternoon.
4.I noticed a thief 　　　　(steal) money from the old woman’s pocket
yesterday.
5.Can you hear her 　　 　　(sing) the song in the next room
6.　　　　 (walk) a long way this morning,Bob began to feel tired.
recognising
running
playing
steal
singing
Having walked
7.　　 　　 (turn) around,she saw an ambulance driving up.
8.There was a terrible noise 　　　 　(follow) the sudden burst of
light.
9.He put a lollipop in his mouth,tasted it and smiled,　　 　　(look)
rather pleased.
Turning
following
looking
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Three days after the 　　　 　(operate),he left hospital and was
devoted to his research.
2.The 　　 　　 (major) of people in New Zealand speak English.
3.Will you please help me write a letter of 　　　 　 (complain)
4.Your trouble is that you can’t take 　　 　　 (reject).
5.You should arrive a little earlier than the 　　　 　 (appoint) time.
operation
majority
complaint
rejection
appointed
6.The government acted in 　　　 　(respond) to economic pressure.
7.The price of the meat has risen 　　 　　 (sharp) recently.
8.My brother Jack is naughty and 　　 　　 (energy).
9.Shortly after his 　　　 　(retire),he took up business and it
turned out very successful.
10.Almost every child is 　　　　(scare) of something,from monsters to
dogs.
response
sharply
energetic
retirement
scared
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.I am sure your determination will 　　　　　　　 　　　　　 (帮
你度过这一段时间).
2.Residents 　　　　　　 　　 (在抱怨) because traffic in the area has
increased.
3.I write an email to you 　　　　　　　　　　 (回复) your questions.
4.If so,she will become 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　(第一
位被选为……的女性) the country’s President.
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　(没有什么比……更糟糕的了) not
having a single question at the end of an interview.
carry you through this period
are complaining
in response to
the first woman to be elected as
There is nothing more terrible than
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I used to be an average student in Bohunt High School until I took Dr Whitworth’s class.He was such a life-changer to me that I left that class determined never to underachieve again.He not only taught me to perform better and achieve more success than expected,he,more importantly,taught me to think.He convinced me,as much by example as words that it was my moral obligation to do so and to serve others.
Neither of us could know how our relationship would evolve over the years.When I came back to Bohunt to teach English,I worked for Dr Whitworth,the department chair.My discussion with him was like graduate seminars in adolescent development,classroom management and school leadership.
After several years,I was appointed department chairman,and our relationship shifted again.I thought that it might be awkward chairing the department,since all of my former English teachers were still there,
but Dr Whitworth supported me throughout.As the former chair,he knew when to give me advice about curriculum,texts and personnel,and when to let me chart my own course.
　　In 1997,I needed his opinion about leaving Bohunt to become principal at another school.If he had asked me to stay at Bohunt,I might have.
Instead,he encouraged me to seize the opportunity.
Five years ago,I became the principal of Bohunt.Once again,Dr Whitworth was there for me,letting me know that I could count on him.I have learnt from him that great teachers have an inexhaustible (用不完的) wealth of lessons to teach.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了Dr Whitworth在学业上和事业上对作者的帮助。阅读本文,有利于培养学生对老师的感激之情和积极向上的生活态度。
1.The underlined word in Paragraph 1 could be best replaced by “　　”.
A.underperform B.underestimate
C.undertake D.understand
答案及剖析:
1.A　词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。由第一段中的“He was such a life-changer to me”以及“He not only taught...me to think.”可知,他改变了“我”的一生,他不仅教会“我”表现得更好,取得比预期更多的成功。更重要的是,他还教会“我”思考。所以作者离开了那个班级时,下定决心再也不让自己表现不佳。故第一段中画线词的意思是“表现不佳”。 故选A。
2.What did the author mean by “our relationship shifted again” in the
third paragraph
A.They became teacher and student again.
B.They chaired the department together.
C.They were colleagues and Dr Whitworth worked for him.
D.They were colleagues and he worked for Dr Whitworth.
答案及剖析:
2.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。由第三段中的“After several years,I was appointed department chairman,and our relationship shifted again.”可推断出作者说“我们的关系再次转变”是指作者和Dr Whitworth成为同事,Dr Whitworth为他工作。故选C。
3.The story is mainly carried out 　　　.
A.in time order B.in space order
C.by giving examples D.by comparison
答案及剖析:
3.A　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。由第一段中的“I used to be an average student in Bohunt High School until I took Dr Whitworth’s class.”,第二段中的“Neither of us could know how our relationship would evolve over the years.”,第三段中的“After several years”,第四段中的“In 1997”和第五段中的“Five years ago”可知,作者叙述了Dr Whitworth在学业上和事业上对自己的帮助,从高中开始一直到五年前他都在帮助作者。由此判断出故事是按照时间顺序展开叙述的。故选A。
4.Where does this passage possibly come from
A.A speech. B.An autobiography.
C.A newspaper. D.A poster.
答案及剖析:
4.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。通读全文可知,短文叙述了Dr Whitworth在学业上和事业上对作者的帮助。由此判断出短文最可能来自自传。故选B。
B
One day,when 12-year-old Sean Redden went to a popular chat room on the Internet,he saw the name of someone he’d never seen there before,Susan Hicks.Her message was “Would someone help me I can’t breathe.Help me!I can’t feel my left side.”
At first,Sean thought it was a bad joke and he told his mother Sharon Redden.
But she asked,“It’s not just some game,is it ”
The message was not a joke.“Susan Hicks”was actually 20-year-old Taija Laitinen,a student working late at night at a college library near Helsinki,
Finland—almost 7,000 miles away from Sean’s home in Texas.While searching the Internet,she began to feel terrible pain all through her body.The library was empty and the nearest phone was outside in the hallway.She couldn’t move that far because any movement caused the pain to get worse.Then as the pain became worse,she began typing her message for help in the chat room.
“I don’t think it’s a joke,Mom,”Sean said.He typed,“Where are you ”The letters appeared,“Finland.”Sean and Sharon couldn’t believe it.Not knowing what else to do,Sharon called the local police and explained the situation to officer Amy Schmidt.Schmidt told Sharon to try to get the sick girl’s phone number and address.
Meanwhile,the Texas police called the international telephone operator and asked to be connected to the proper agency (机构) in Finland.The Texas police explained the situation and gave Susan’s address to the Finnish operator.When Sean heard that,he typed,“Help is on the way.”In the few minutes,the library door opened.Doctors and three policemen ran in.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个12 岁孩子Sean Redden因从网上聊天室得到一个求救信息,便和妈妈一起联络警方,及时对遥远的求救者进行施救的故事。阅读本文,有利于培养学生乐于助人的良好品质。
5.What’s Sean’s reaction when he received the message for help
A.He didn’t believe it.
B.He took no notice of it.
C.He called the police at once.
D.He had a joke with the person.
答案及剖析:
5.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“At first,Sean thought...Sharon Redden.”可知,Sean收到求救信息时,认为是开玩笑,不相信是真的。故选A。
6.What was the problem with the person who asked for help
A.She lost her phone.
B.She couldn’t finish her work.
C.She was locked in the library.
D.She felt pain and couldn’t move.
答案及剖析:
6.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“While searching the Internet...through her body.”以及“She couldn’t move that far...message for help in the chat room.”可知,求助的人感到疼痛,不能移动。故选D。
7.What can we learn from the text
A.Sean had seen Taija Laitinen before.
B.Susan Hicks was a friend of Taija Laitinen.
C.Sean and his mother offered help in time.
D.The policeman Sean’s mother called was in Finland.
答案及剖析:
7.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“When Sean heard...three policemen ran in.”可以推断,Sean和妈妈提供的帮助很及时。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Rules of Life
Imagine life as a game in which you are playing some five balls in the air.You name them:work,family,health,friends and spirit,and you’re keeping all of these balls in the air.You will soon understand work is a rubber ball.1.　　　 But the other four balls are made of glass.If you drop one of these,it will be worn off,marked,damaged,or even broken into pieces.They will never be the same.2.　　　 How
Don’t undermine your worth by comparing yourself to others.It is because we are different and each of us is special.
Don’t set your goals by what other people consider important.3.　　
Don’t take for granted the things closest to your heart.Hold on to them as you would to your life,for without them,life is meaningless.
Don’t be afraid to admit that you are less than perfect.It is this fragile thread that binds us each together.
4.　　　 It is by taking chances that we all learn how to be brave.
Don’t run through life so fast that you forget not only where you’ve been,
but also where you are going.
　　Don’t forget that a person’s greatest emotional need is to feel appreciated.
Don’t be afraid to learn.Knowledge is weightless,a treasure you can always carry easily.Don’t use time or words carelessly.Neither can be retrieved (挽回).
Yesterday is a history,tomorrow is a mystery,and today is a gift.5.　　
A.Don’t be afraid to encounter risks.
B.If you drop it,it will bounce back.
C.And that is why we call it the present.
D.Only you know what is best for you.
E.Don’t hesitate when you still have something to give.
F.You must understand that and strive for balance in your life.
G.Your personal life has to take second place to the five balls.
语篇导读:本文是一篇议论文。文章对生活的规则进行了讨论。阅读本文,有利于帮助学生更好地了解生活。
答案及剖析:
1.B　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据前文“You will soon understand work is a rubber ball.”可知,工作就像橡皮球一样,如果你把它朝地上扔,它还会弹回来。所以B选项“If you drop it,it will bounce back.”切合文意。故选B。
2.F　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。前文“If you drop one of these,it will be worn off,marked,damaged,or even broken into pieces.”对应选项F中的“that”,根据“How ”可知,此处是指如何在生活中取得工作、家庭、健康、朋友和精神的平衡。所以F选项“You must understand that and strive for balance in your life.”切合文意。故选F。
3.D　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据前文“Don’t set your goals by what other people consider important.”可知,你要找到对自己重要的事情。D选项“Only you know what is best for you.”切合文意。故选D。
4.A　考查学生理解段落大意和识别段落主旨句的能力。根据后文“It is by taking chances that we all learn how to be brave.”可知,我们要勇于冒险。所以A选项“Don’t be afraid to encounter risks.”切合文意。故选A。
5.C　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据前文“Yesterday is a history,tomorrow is a mystery,and today is a gift.”可知,C选项“And that is why we call it the present.”切合文意,present此处表示“礼物”的意思。故选C。UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
The traditional Chinese virtue is an important component of the traditional Chinese culture and it is a rich nutrition for the construction of the harmonious socialist society.Then what are the traditional Chinese virtues Which of the following virtues do you think you have
Can you list more virtues that you think are important
Strong-willed　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　
Part 1　Listening and Speaking,Reading and Thinking,Discovering Useful Structures
1.主题语境:人与社会 ——道德与美德
2.语篇类型:记叙文
3.课文内容分析:文章介绍了林巧稚的生平。她是我国著名的医学家,为我国的医疗事业作出了巨大的贡献,更重要的是,她的人生经历能给学生带来无限启迪。无论是在求学期间,还是在职业发展的道路上,林巧稚面对的道德困境和人生选择,与当前每个年轻人即将面对的社会生活有着许多相似之处。从她的人生抉择中,学生能够感受到她身上的仁善、自强、勤奋、执着、敬业、慷慨,还有高度的责任感和广博的爱心。这些美好的品质不仅值得学生学习,还能启发学生反思自我,思考如何面对人生抉择,认真选择未来的道路,全力以赴地面对人生的挑战。
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
答案:1.student　2.medicine　3.physician　4.tending　5.training　6.married
1.These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.(教材第16页)
林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
◆carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
Her confidence carried her through difficulties.
自信心帮助她渡过了难关。
Armed with this knowledge,they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.(2019北京卷,阅读理解C)
有了这些知识作为武装,他们就能够开展针对个人的活动来欺骗人们。
Only when you are in good health,can you carry on studying.
只有当你身体健康状况良好的时候,你才能继续学习。
单句语法填空
①We should carry 　　　　 the plan strictly and carefully.
②We hope that more artists will carry 　　　　 and develop the folk art.
③I am grateful to my friends for their generous help.It is they who carried me 　　　　 when I was in trouble.
答案:①out　②forward　③through
2.At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls,she chose to study medicine.(教材第16页)
十八岁时,她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选择了学医。
◆majority n.大部分;大多数
However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
然而,大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者,是因为他们受过训练。
The majority of my work has to be done at home.
我的大部分工作必须在家里完成。
In the nursing profession,women are in the/a majority.
女性在护理行业中占大多数。
[备用例句]
①Do you want to major in medicine in your future
你将来想主修医学吗
②A majority of students find it interesting to learn history.
大多数学生觉得学习历史很有趣。
①the majority作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数。
②“the majority of+名词”用作主语时,谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。“the majority of+复数名词”用作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the majority of+不可数名词”用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空
①I believe that the students supporting me are 　　　　 the majority.
②I do believe that the majority of the people 　　　　 (be) in favour of the plan.
答案:①in　②are
3.“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.(教材第16页)
“女孩子读那么多书干吗 找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
◆complain vi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚
They have never complained to anyone about their lives.
他们从来没有向任何人抱怨过他们的生活。
Some people—and I was one of them—believe that humourous complaints about the little problems of life make humour,and sometimes that is the case.(2020江苏卷,任务型阅读)
有些人——我也是其中之一——认为对生活中的小问题幽默地抱怨会产生幽默,有时确实如此。
The community workers have no complaint about their work.
社区工作人员对他们的工作没有抱怨。
单句语法填空
①Don’t complain 　　　　 your life.You should be thankful for what you have.
②Why don’t you make a 　　　　(complain) against your noisy neighbours
答案:①about/of　②complaint
4.She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life! ”(教材第16页)
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
◆respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
When asked about the company’s future,the director responded that he remained optimistic.
当被问到公司未来的时候,主任回答说他依然保持乐观。
You can rely on him to respond to a challenge.
你可以指望他去应对挑战。
How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie’s request (2020天津卷,阅读理解B)
林肯总统最初是如何回应维尼的请求的
[备用例句]
①Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response (2020全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
与其纠结于你怎样才能做得更好,为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢
②The product was developed in response to customer demand.
这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。
③He made no response to my suggestion,which made me very disappointed.
他对我的建议没有反应,这使我很失望。
单句语法填空
①The woman conductor kindly responded 　　　　 my question.
②She laughed in response 　　　　 his jokes.
③The first 　　　　 (respond) he made was that we should lend him a helping hand.
答案:①to　②to　③response
5.In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital...(教材第16页)
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任……
◆appoint vt.任命;委派
Appointed as headmaster of the school,he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
被任命为该校校长后,他努力提高学校的教学质量。
The boss appointed me to organise the activities on that day.
老板委派我去组织那天的活动。
[备用例句]
①—Good morning,Mr.Lee’s office.
——早上好,这里是李先生的办公室。
—Good morning.I’d like to make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon.
——早上好。我想约下周三下午(和李先生)见个面。
②I have an appointment with my lawyer next Saturday.
我与我的律师约好下星期六见面。
③Tom had arrived at the appointed time.
汤姆在约定的时间到达。
ap+point(指出)→指出由谁去做→appoint
单句语法填空
①I was appointed 　　　　(take) charge of the activities.
②I should probably make an 　　　　(appoint) with the eye doctor.
③At last,he got to the 　　　　(appoint) place and offered the poor boy his advice on how to go through the tough time.
答案:①to take　②appointment　③appointed
6.She was more interested in tending patients,publishing medical research on care for women and children,and training the next generation of doctors.(教材第17页)
她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代医生。
◆tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning I attach to them.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B)
虽然我倾向于买很多书,但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的,这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。
The lamb had become separated from its mother,so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.(2020浙江卷,完形填空)
小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它,而Don还坐在他的座位上。
[备用例句]
①His views tend towards the extreme.
他的观点趋向于偏激。
②People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. (2020北京卷,七选五)
经常练习积极思考的人往往能更有效地解决问题。
③As a Senior 3 student,it is normal that you have a tendency to get anxious with time going by.
作为一名高三学生,随着时间的推移你会感到焦虑,这是正常的。
单句语法填空
①While I hate to admit it,people always tend 　　　　(judge) a person by his or her appearance initially.
②She has a strong natural 　　　　 (tend) towards caution.
完成句子
③他缺席会议了,因为他在照顾生病的父亲。
He is absent from the meeting,for he 　　　　　　　　 his sick father.
答案:①to judge　②tendency　③is tending(to)
7.She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.(教材第17页)
她在面试时吓得完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
◆scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
The thieves got scared and ran away.
小偷害怕了,就跑了。
Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.(2020浙江7月卷,读后续写)
有时这样大的噪声会把熊吓跑。
It scared him to realise how close he had come to losing everything.
一想到差点就一无所有,他心有余悸。
[备用例句]
①I’m scared (that) I’m going to fall.
我害怕自己快掉下去了。
②We are always facing the problem of scaring birds away from airport runways.
我们总是面临着如何把鸟从机场跑道吓跑的问题。
单句语法填空
①People are 　　　　 (scare) to use the taxi late at night.
②She was scared 　　　　 death at the sight of a snake.
完成句子
③一想到我会在一个陌生的地方学习,我就非常害怕。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 is that I’m going to study in a strange place.
④她害怕晚上一个人走路。
She 　　　　　　　　　　　　 walking alone at night.
答案:①scared　②to　③What scares me most
④is scared of
8.The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.(教材第17页)
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别的会议,选举一个人来接替秘书。
◆replace vt.接替;取代;更换
We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
我们正在考虑如何设计植物来取代我们使用的日用品的功能。
The new design will eventually replace all existing models.
新的设计最终将会取代全部现有的型号。
They replaced the permanent staff with part-timers.
他们用兼职人员来代替固定职员。
[备用例句]
I will go there in place of him.
=I will go there in his place.
=I will take his place to go there.
=I will take the place of him to go there.
=I will go there instead of him.
我将替他去那儿。
单句语法填空
①It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them 　　　　 snacks.
②Old books are like old friends.Once lost,they can never 　　　　 (replace).
句型转换
③Nothing can replace face-to-face communication between parents and kids.
→Nothing can 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 face-to-face communication between parents and kids.
答案:①with　②be replaced　③take the place of
9.Despite the difficult situation,Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.(教材第18页)
尽管很困难,白求恩大夫还是尽其所能地帮助中国人民。
◆assist vt.帮助;援助
“So do I,” said Harry.“We really should do something to assist them.”(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写 )
“我也一样。”哈利说,“我们真应该做点什么来帮助他们。”
He assisted the boy in finding a school to study in.
他帮助那个男孩找了一所学校学习。
Lacking experience,Lily wanted me to assist her with her work.
由于缺乏经验,莉莉想让我在工作上帮助她。
[备用例句]
For assistance,please call Queensland Rail on 131617.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解A)
如需帮助,请致电/拨打昆士兰铁路131617。
单句语法填空
①In the future,we will have handy robots and computers to assist us 　　　　 the things that are boring.
②If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle,ask the shop 　　　　 (assist)to reduce the price.
③The translations were carried out with the　　　　 (assist) of a medical dictionary.
④He often assists his mother 　　　　 (take) care of the old man in their community.
答案:①with　②assistant　③assistance
④to take
10.Sadly,Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang.(教材第18页)
不幸的是,白求恩医生在第二年11月去世了,埋葬在石家庄。
◆pass away 去世
She has taken care of the little boy for three years since his parents passed away.
小男孩父母去世后,她照顾他已经三年了。
It was the first time that I found life could so easily pass away.
那是我第一次发现,原来生命可以这样容易地逝去。
单句语法填空
①Many lives pass 　　　　 before others have a chance to meet them.
②When she passed 　　　　,she pretended not to see me.
③The story is passed 　　　　 from generation to generation.
答案:①away　②by　③down　
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(教材第16页)
对于一个人来说,生命是最宝贵的……
◆本句是一个简单句。句中nothing is more precious than为比较级与否定词连用,表示最高级。
If you are free,nothing will be better if you can come to China to attend a traditional wedding.
如果你有空的话,你能来中国参加一场传统婚礼就最好了。
In my opinion,nothing is more important than health.
在我看来,健康是最重要的。
单句语法填空
①I have never heard a 　　　　(good) voice than her voice.
②No other book has had a 　　　　(great) effect on my life.
一句多译
他比班里任何同学都努力。
③He works hardest in his class.
=He works harder than 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in his class.
=He works harder than 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in his class.
=He works harder than 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in his class.
=He works harder than 　　　　 　　　　 in his class.
答案:①better　②greater　③all the other students;the other students/ any other student;any of the other students;anyone else
2.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(教材第16页)
她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
◆句中动词不定式短语to be hired as a resident physician in...Hospital作后置定语,修饰the first woman。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
中国已成为首个将航天器降落到月球背面的国家。
The impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.
印象派画家是第一批在户外写生的画家。
The best way to travel is to take a high-speed train.
最好的旅行方式是乘高铁。
He considered it a good chance to use what he learnt at school to help others.
他认为这是一个利用在学校所学到的东西帮助他人的好机会。
单句语法填空
①He is always the first 　　　　 (come) to my assistance when I am in trouble.
②I do think he has the ability 　　　　(help) us go through the tough time.
完成句子
③他是唯一知道真相的人。
He is the only man 　 .
④公众从来不相信他有能力做好这一工作。
The public never had faith in his ability 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
⑤接着向我走过来的那个人是卖高档钢笔和手表的。
The next man 　　　　　　　　　　　　 was selling expensive pens and watches.
答案:①to come　②to help　③to know the truth　④to do the job well　⑤to come to me
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life,and if they entrust me with that life,how could I refuse that trust,saying I’m cold,hungry,or tired (教材第16页)
对于一个人来说,生命是最宝贵的。而现在这个人对你说,我把生命交给你,那么你还说什么呢 你冷 你饿 你困
and 连接并列分句,前一个分句是一个简单句,后一个分句中if引导了条件状语从句;saying是现在分词作伴随状语。
单句情境写作
①对于一所学校来说,学生是最宝贵的。而如果家长们信任我们,我们怎么能拒绝,说我们的生活又苦又累呢
②对于一个学生来说,实现梦想是最重要的。而碰到困难时,他或她怎么能轻易放弃,说他或她不会成功呢
③对于一个商人来说,诚信是最重要的。而如果碰到质量很差的商品,你怎么视而不见,说这不关你的事呢
答案:①To a school,nothing is more precious than students and if parents trust us,how can we refuse that trust,saying our life is both hard and tiring
②To a student,nothing is more important than realising his or her dream and when he or she meets with difficulties,how can he or she give up easily,saying that he or she will never succeed
③To a businessman,nothing is more important than honesty and if you find goods of poor quality,how can you turn a blind eye,saying it is none of your business
2.These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.(教材第16页)
林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑着她走过充满艰难抉择的一生。
并列连词and连接介词into的两个并列宾语。第一个宾语是the heart of this amazing woman,第二个宾语是what引导的名词性从句。
单句情境写作
①他详细描述了当地人的生活以及他在那个地方的经历。
②他给我写了一封信,这封信使我们了解到了有关他们新学校的一些事情,以及老师和学生为学校的发展所做的一切。
③我们校长开了个会以回应学生们的请求以及老师们在教学中遇到的困难。
答案:①He gave a detailed description of the life of the locals and what he experienced there.
②He wrote me a letter which let us know something about their new school and what their teachers and students had done to improve their school.
③Our headmaster held a meeting in response to the students’ requirements and the difficulties the teachers met with in their teaching.
1.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(教材第16页)
她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
◆hire vt.聘任;雇用;租用 n.租借;租用
An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读D)
研究人员雇用的一名演员先抢了她的食物。
The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,语法填空)
第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找那位著名的画家。
The cars are for/on hire,￡2 an hour.
这些汽车是出租的,每小时两英镑。
单句语法填空
①They 　　　　 (hire) a consultant to design the new system.
②He hired himself 　　　　 to whoever needed his services.
答案:①hired　②out
2.In 1954,she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and,over the next several decades,she held many important positions.(教材第17页)
1954年,她当选第一届全国人大代表,在随后的几十年间,她担任许多重要职位。
◆elect vt.选举;推选
Owing to his great work,Mandela was elected as/to be President of South Africa.
由于他的伟大工作,曼德拉被选举为南非总统。
He elected to help the homeless and his kindness paid off at last.
他选择帮助那些无家可归的人,他的善心终于得到了回报。
单句语法填空
①Within three months of his 　　　　(elect) he was forced to resign.
②In addition,I have such a good command of English that I am elected 　　　　 assistant to my English teacher.
答案:①election　②as/to be
3.Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(教材第17页)
林医生坚守在岗位上,直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
◆retire vt.&vi.退休;退职;退出
At the age when most people retire,he is ready to face a new career.
在大多数人退休的年纪,他却准备要面对一项新事业。
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily,he brought the paintings with him.(2020全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空)
当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时,他带上了这两幅画。
用retire的正确形式填空
Before 　　　　 from the hospital,he has opened a saving account for 　　　　 life.But he doesn’t look forward to his 　　　　.
答案:retiring;retired;retirement
4.What was the main principle guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life (教材第17页)
指导林医生在她的一生中做出这些选择的主要原则是什么
◆principle n.道德原则;法则;原则
Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
你想成为一名优秀的公众演说家吗 这里有一些你必须掌握的原则。
With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.(2019天津卷,阅读理解C)
通过这些模型,科学家们发现了食物网的一些关键工作原理。
完成句子
①　　　　　　　　(原则上),the new software should make the accounting system a lot simpler.
②Anyway,I can’t cheat in the exams—it’s 　　　　　　　　(违背我的原则).
③He always 　　　　　　　　 (坚持自己的原则) to help those in need.
答案:①In principle　②against my principle　③sticks to his principle
5.During the operation,she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.(教材第18页)
手术期间,她坐在候诊室里为他担心了一个多小时。
◆ operation n.手术;企业;经营
This operation has never been performed in this country.
这个国家从未做过这种手术。
The system is still in operation,at least for the present.
这个系统至少目前还在运行。
The doctor is performing an operation on the little boy’s right leg.
医生正在给这个小男孩的右腿动手术。
单句语法填空
①The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an　　　　(operate)on his knee.
②The man is in danger of losing his life if he isn’t operated 　　　　 at once.
③Then,Yale’s business school had only been 　　　　 operation for a couple years.
答案:①operation　②on　③in
6.I saw her whispering something into his ear,obviously not wanting to be heard.(教材第18页)
我看到她在他耳边低语着什么,显然是不想被听见。
◆whisper vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语 n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.(2019全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B)
他的老师托马斯·威利就在他旁边,低声支持他。
“What do we intend to do next ” he asked in a whisper.
“我们下一步打算做什么 ” 他低声问道。
完成句子
①“Where are you going ” he asked　　　　　　　　(低声地) .
②Mum 　　　　　　　　(向……低语)us,“Be quiet! Your little sister’s sleeping.”
③　　　　　　　　(有人私下说) the document will be circulated to all employees.
答案:①in a whisper　②whispered to　③It is whispered that
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
1....her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.(教材第16页)
……她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
2.Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.(教材第16页)
想到还有那么多人需要帮助,林医生开办了一间私人诊所。
3.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.(教材第16页)
有时,人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去偏远的乡村给人看病。
4.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(教材第17页)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
你能分清以上句子中的动词-ing形式在句中作什么成分吗 动词-ing形式不同的用法有什么不同的意义 你能用动词-ing形式描写人物的行为及发生的原因、结果或伴随情况吗
1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间是主谓关系,即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如see、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、listen to、look at、notice、observe等。
We could hear her singing as she ran upstairs.
我们可以听到她边唱歌边跑上楼。
I saw the kind boy helping the old lady cross the street.
我看见那个善良的男孩在帮助那位老太太过马路。
在see、hear、feel、watch等感官动词后,既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,也可用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时,表示动作正在进行;用省略了to的动词不定式时,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他跑过了公路。(强调整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正跑过公路。(强调正在进行)
(2)表示“指使”等意义的动词,如have、set、keep、leave、get等。
The joke set her laughing.
这个玩笑使她笑起来。
The doctor will soon have you walking again.
医生很快就会让你重新走路。
(3)在with复合结构中,动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语,表示动作“正在进行”。
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪声不断,我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her,she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她,她感到紧张。
动词-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别:当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时,用动词-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态);当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her.
我们看到他正在与她谈话。(正在进行)
I saw him beaten by Tom.
我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beat是被动关系)
2.动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语表示在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Walking on the street,I met my English teacher.(时间状语)
在街上走的时候,我遇到了我的英语老师。
Being ill,he couldn’t go to school.(原因状语)
因为生病,他不能去上学。
Working hard,you will certainly succeed.(条件状语)
只要刻苦学习,你就一定会成功的。
Meeting with much difficulty,he succeeded at last.(让步状语)
尽管遇到了很大困难,但他最终还是成功了。
My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.(结果状语)
我的车遭遇交通堵塞,于是导致了延误。
动词-ing形式作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,常用only to do结构,其被动形式为only to be done。
He was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现是星期天。
Travelling by train,we visited a number of cities.(方式状语)
我们坐火车游览了很多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.(伴随状语)
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁,正在读一本书。
(1)当动词-ing形式的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Having finished the letter,he went to post it.
他写完信后就去邮寄了。(Having finished 是先发生的,went是后发生的)
(2)使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory,they were very happy.(动词-ing形式的被动式)
他们被领着参观了工厂后很高兴。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(动词-ing形式的主动式)
完成了作业后,他上床睡觉。
(3)动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The trees are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 metres.
那些树非常高,其中一些高达90多米。
The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.
由于天气好,我们出去散步了。
1.It’s affordable,and it’s got a fun atmosphere without 　　　　 (be) too noisy.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读A)
2.I found myself completely above it and 　　　　(look) at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.(2021全国甲卷,阅读理解A)
3.According to the World Wildlife Fund,the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5,500,　　　　 (give) the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.(2021全国甲卷,阅读理解B)
4.You keep 　　　　(hear) about recycling,right But it doesn’t end with bottles,cans,and paper.(2021全国甲卷,七选五)
5.The wall is 12 metres high and from here you can see streams of people 　　　　(move) inside and outside the City Wall.(2021全国甲卷,语法填空)
答案及剖析:
1.being　考查动词-ing形式作宾语。句意:它价格实惠,而且气氛有趣,又不太吵。介词without后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
2.looking　考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。句意:我发现自己完全在它的上方,看着夕阳西下的斯基多山峰清晰的景色。此处是“find+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语myself与look之间为主谓关系,故要用动词-ing形式作宾补。
3.giving　考查动词-ing形式作状语。句意:根据世界野生动物基金会的数据,全球黑犀牛数量已降至5 500头,这使黑犀牛处于“极度濒危”状态。前面某件事情导致了后面的结果,用动词-ing形式作结果状语,强调顺其自然的结果。
4.hearing　考查动词-ing形式作宾语。句意:你一直听说回收利用,对吧 但它不只是瓶子、罐子和纸。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”,动词-ing形式作宾语。
5.moving　考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。句意:城墙有12米高,从这里你可以看到川流不息的人群在城墙内外走动。此处是“see+宾语+宾语”补足语结构,宾语streams of people与move之间为主谓关系,故要用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
单句语法填空
1.China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries 　　　　(recognise) its role in international affairs.
2.Don’t leave the water 　　　　(run) while you brush your teeth.
3.Mother had the little girl 　　　　(play) the piano all the afternoon.
4.I noticed a thief 　　　　(steal) money from the old woman’s pocket yesterday.
5.Can you hear her 　　　　(sing) the song in the next room
6.　　　　(walk) a long way this morning,Bob began to feel tired.
7.　　　　 (turn) around,she saw an ambulance driving up.
8.There was a terrible noise 　　　　(follow) the sudden burst of light.
9.He put a lollipop in his mouth,tasted it and smiled,　　　　(look) rather pleased.
答案:1.recognising　2.running　3.playing
4.steal　5.singing　6.Having walked
7.Turning　8.following　9.looking
课时作业(三)　UNIT 2　Part 1
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Three days after the 　　　　(operate),he left hospital and was devoted to his research.
2.The 　　　　 (major) of people in New Zealand speak English.
3.Will you please help me write a letter of 　　　　 (complain)
4.Your trouble is that you can’t take 　　　　 (reject).
5.You should arrive a little earlier than the 　　　　 (appoint) time.
6.The government acted in 　　　　(respond) to economic pressure.
7.The price of the meat has risen 　　　　 (sharp) recently.
8.My brother Jack is naughty and 　　　　 (energy).
9.Shortly after his 　　　　(retire),he took up business and it turned out very successful.
10.Almost every child is 　　　　(scare) of something,from monsters to dogs.
答案:1.operation　2.majority　3.complaint　4.rejection　5.appointed　6.response　7.sharply　8.energetic　9.retirement　10.scared
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.I am sure your determination will 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (帮你度过这一段时间).
2.Residents 　　　　　　　　 (在抱怨) because traffic in the area has increased.
3.I write an email to you 　　　　　　　　　　 (回复) your questions.
4.If so,she will become 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(第一位被选为……的女性) the country’s President.
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(没有什么比……更糟糕的了) not having a single question at the end of an interview.
答案:1.carry you through this period　2.are complaining　3.in response to　4.the first woman to be elected as　5.There is nothing more terrible than
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I used to be an average student in Bohunt High School until I took Dr Whitworth’s class.He was such a life-changer to me that I left that class determined never to underachieve again.He not only taught me to perform better and achieve more success than expected,he,more importantly,taught me to think.He convinced me,as much by example as words that it was my moral obligation to do so and to serve others.
Neither of us could know how our relationship would evolve over the years.When I came back to Bohunt to teach English,I worked for Dr Whitworth,the department chair.My discussion with him was like graduate seminars in adolescent development,classroom management and school leadership.
After several years,I was appointed department chairman,and our relationship shifted again.I thought that it might be awkward chairing the department,since all of my former English teachers were still there,but Dr Whitworth supported me throughout.As the former chair,he knew when to give me advice about curriculum,texts and personnel,and when to let me chart my own course.
　　In 1997,I needed his opinion about leaving Bohunt to become principal at another school.If he had asked me to stay at Bohunt,I might have.Instead,he encouraged me to seize the opportunity.
Five years ago,I became the principal of Bohunt.Once again,Dr Whitworth was there for me,letting me know that I could count on him.I have learnt from him that great teachers have an inexhaustible (用不完的) wealth of lessons to teach.
1.The underlined word in Paragraph 1 could be best replaced by “　　　”.
A.underperform B.underestimate
C.undertake D.understand
2.What did the author mean by “our relationship shifted again” in the third paragraph
A.They became teacher and student again.
B.They chaired the department together.
C.They were colleagues and Dr Whitworth worked for him.
D.They were colleagues and he worked for Dr Whitworth.
3.The story is mainly carried out 　　　.
A.in time order B.in space order
C.by giving examples D.by comparison
4.Where does this passage possibly come from
A.A speech. B.An autobiography.
C.A newspaper. D.A poster.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了Dr Whitworth在学业上和事业上对作者的帮助。阅读本文,有利于培养学生对老师的感激之情和积极向上的生活态度。
答案及剖析:
1.A　词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。由第一段中的“He was such a life-changer to me”以及“He not only taught...me to think.”可知,他改变了“我”的一生,他不仅教会“我”表现得更好,取得比预期更多的成功。更重要的是,他还教会“我”思考。所以作者离开了那个班级时,下定决心再也不让自己表现不佳。故第一段中画线词的意思是“表现不佳”。 故选A。
2.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。由第三段中的“After several years,I was appointed department chairman,and our relationship shifted again.”可推断出作者说“我们的关系再次转变”是指作者和Dr Whitworth成为同事,Dr Whitworth为他工作。故选C。
3.A　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。由第一段中的“I used to be an average student in Bohunt High School until I took Dr Whitworth’s class.”,第二段中的“Neither of us could know how our relationship would evolve over the years.”,第三段中的“After several years”,第四段中的“In 1997”和第五段中的“Five years ago”可知,作者叙述了Dr Whitworth在学业上和事业上对自己的帮助,从高中开始一直到五年前他都在帮助作者。由此判断出故事是按照时间顺序展开叙述的。故选A。
4.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。通读全文可知,短文叙述了Dr Whitworth在学业上和事业上对作者的帮助。由此判断出短文最可能来自自传。故选B。
B
One day,when 12-year-old Sean Redden went to a popular chat room on the Internet,he saw the name of someone he’d never seen there before,Susan Hicks.Her message was “Would someone help me I can’t breathe.Help me!I can’t feel my left side.”
At first,Sean thought it was a bad joke and he told his mother Sharon Redden.But she asked,“It’s not just some game,is it ”
The message was not a joke.“Susan Hicks”was actually 20-year-old Taija Laitinen,a student working late at night at a college library near Helsinki,Finland—almost 7,000 miles away from Sean’s home in Texas.While searching the Internet,she began to feel terrible pain all through her body.The library was empty and the nearest phone was outside in the hallway.She couldn’t move that far because any movement caused the pain to get worse.Then as the pain became worse,she began typing her message for help in the chat room.
“I don’t think it’s a joke,Mom,”Sean said.He typed,“Where are you ”The letters appeared,“Finland.”Sean and Sharon couldn’t believe it.Not knowing what else to do,Sharon called the local police and explained the situation to officer Amy Schmidt.Schmidt told Sharon to try to get the sick girl’s phone number and address.
Meanwhile,the Texas police called the international telephone operator and asked to be connected to the proper agency (机构) in Finland.The Texas police explained the situation and gave Susan’s address to the Finnish operator.When Sean heard that,he typed,“Help is on the way.”In the few minutes,the library door opened.Doctors and three policemen ran in.
5.What’s Sean’s reaction when he received the message for help
A.He didn’t believe it.
B.He took no notice of it.
C.He called the police at once.
D.He had a joke with the person.
6.What was the problem with the person who asked for help
A.She lost her phone.
B.She couldn’t finish her work.
C.She was locked in the library.
D.She felt pain and couldn’t move.
7.What can we learn from the text
A.Sean had seen Taija Laitinen before.
B.Susan Hicks was a friend of Taija Laitinen.
C.Sean and his mother offered help in time.
D.The policeman Sean’s mother called was in Finland.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个12 岁孩子Sean Redden因从网上聊天室得到一个求救信息,便和妈妈一起联络警方,及时对遥远的求救者进行施救的故事。阅读本文,有利于培养学生乐于助人的良好品质。
答案及剖析:
5.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“At first,Sean thought...Sharon Redden.”可知,Sean收到求救信息时,认为是开玩笑,不相信是真的。故选A。
6.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“While searching the Internet...through her body.”以及“She couldn’t move that far...message for help in the chat room.”可知,求助的人感到疼痛,不能移动。故选D。
7.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“When Sean heard...three policemen ran in.”可以推断,Sean和妈妈提供的帮助很及时。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Rules of Life
Imagine life as a game in which you are playing some five balls in the air.You name them:work,family,health,friends and spirit,and you’re keeping all of these balls in the air.You will soon understand work is a rubber ball.1.　　　 But the other four balls are made of glass.If you drop one of these,it will be worn off,marked,damaged,or even broken into pieces.They will never be the same.2.　　　 How
Don’t undermine your worth by comparing yourself to others.It is because we are different and each of us is special.
Don’t set your goals by what other people consider important.3.　　
Don’t take for granted the things closest to your heart.Hold on to them as you would to your life,for without them,life is meaningless.
Don’t be afraid to admit that you are less than perfect.It is this fragile thread that binds us each together.
4.　　　 It is by taking chances that we all learn how to be brave.
Don’t run through life so fast that you forget not only where you’ve been,but also where you are going.
　　Don’t forget that a person’s greatest emotional need is to feel appreciated.Don’t be afraid to learn.Knowledge is weightless,a treasure you can always carry easily.Don’t use time or words carelessly.Neither can be retrieved (挽回).
Yesterday is a history,tomorrow is a mystery,and today is a gift.5.　　
A.Don’t be afraid to encounter risks.
B.If you drop it,it will bounce back.
C.And that is why we call it the present.
D.Only you know what is best for you.
E.Don’t hesitate when you still have something to give.
F.You must understand that and strive for balance in your life.
G.Your personal life has to take second place to the five balls.
语篇导读:本文是一篇议论文。文章对生活的规则进行了讨论。阅读本文,有利于帮助学生更好地了解生活。
答案及剖析:
1.B　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据前文“You will soon understand work is a rubber ball.”可知,工作就像橡皮球一样,如果你把它朝地上扔,它还会弹回来。所以B选项“If you drop it,it will bounce back.”切合文意。故选B。
2.F　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。前文“If you drop one of these,it will be worn off,marked,damaged,or even broken into pieces.”对应选项F中的“that”,根据“How ”可知,此处是指如何在生活中取得工作、家庭、健康、朋友和精神的平衡。所以F选项“You must understand that and strive for balance in your life.”切合文意。故选F。
3.D　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据前文“Don’t set your goals by what other people consider important.”可知,你要找到对自己重要的事情。D选项“Only you know what is best for you.”切合文意。故选D。
4.A　考查学生理解段落大意和识别段落主旨句的能力。根据后文“It is by taking chances that we all learn how to be brave.”可知,我们要勇于冒险。所以A选项“Don’t be afraid to encounter risks.”切合文意。故选A。
5.C　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据前文“Yesterday is a history,tomorrow is a mystery,and today is a gift.”可知,C选项“And that is why we call it the present.”切合文意,present此处表示“礼物”的意思。故选C。(共59张PPT)
Part 2　Listening and Talking,Reading for Writing,Assessing Your Progress
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
写作专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与社会 ——人的社会责任
2.语篇类型:寓言故事
3.课文内容分析:文章主要分享了一个有关道德的寓言故事《挡道的石头》,讲述了
国王为了试探民众面对问题的态度,将一块大石头放在路中央,并将金币藏在石头
下方,然后观察人们的反应。虽然很多人对石头带来的麻烦甚至是个人损失有诸多
抱怨,但都不愿意自己把石头搬走。最后一位善良诚实的年轻女孩搬走了石头,获
得了国王的金币和赞扬。阅读后学生要思考文中的“石头”象征着什么 搬石头的
女孩与其他人有什么不同 作为个人,面对社会问题应承担怎样的责任 这有利于培
养学生高尚的社会品德和责任心。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
responses
angrily
tripped
move
might
重点词汇
1.She picked herself up and limped away in tears.(教材第20页)
她从地上爬起来,噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
核心知识·深入探究
◆tear n.眼泪;泪水 v.撕掉;撤下;扯破
And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
(2020全国Ⅲ卷,语法填空)
当他看到从河上升起的薄雾和环绕山顶的浮云时,他流下了眼泪。
Not this polar bear though—he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子).(2020浙江卷,读后续写)
但这只北极熊没有——他只是一直试图用他巨大的爪子拆除篱笆。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①They were so moved that they burst 　　　　 tears.
②She left the room 　　　　 tears so I went after her.
③She tore the letter 　　　　 and cried out of the hall.
into
in
apart
2.Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep
their neighbours from harm (教材第20页)
难道整个村子里没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗
◆harm n.&vt.伤害;损害
While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.(2019全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害,但阳光也能给我们提供有益的维生素D。
The polluted water does harm to people as well as other living things.
被污染了的水不仅对人类有害,也对其他生物有害。
[备用例句]
①These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to
show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect
harmful chemicals in groundwater.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示缺水的情况的植物,还有一种植物可以检测到
地下水中的有害化学物质。
②A number of students choose to go on a diet or take weight-loss pills,
which is harmful to their health.
大量的学生选择节食,或者吃减肥药,这些方法对他们的健康有害。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①What should be done to punish people who do harm 　　　　 the animals
②The polluted air and water are 　　 　　(harm) to people’s health.
③Peter may look a bit fierce,but actually he’s fairly 　 　　　(harm).
to
harmful
harmless
3.After a great deal of effort,she finally succeeded in moving it to the
side of the street.(教材第20页)
费了好大一番工夫,她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。
◆a great deal (of)大量
Thanks to papermaking and printing,a great deal of ancient information has been kept in books.
多亏了造纸术和印刷术,大量的古代信息被保存在书籍里。
What surprises us most is that people have done a great deal to preserve the wetland.
最令我们惊讶的是,人们为保护湿地做了很多事情。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
(1)a great deal为副词性短语时,修饰动词、形容词,尤其是修饰形容词比较级。
(2)a great deal还可以作名词性短语,用作不可数名词;也可以作主语或宾语,作
主语时谓语动词用单数。
语境运用
完成句子
①毫无疑问,高考对中国学生意义重大。
Undoubtedly,college entrance examination means 　　　　　　　　　　　to
Chinese students.
②有些朋友给了我很多鼓励。
I had friends who gave me 　　　　　　　　　　　　 encouragement.
选词填空(a great deal/a great deal of)
③She has earned 　　　　　　 　　 money in the last few weeks.
④The nurse did 　　　　　　 　　to keep my wound clean.
⑤His new novel is　　　　　　　　 more interesting than I expected.
a great deal　
a great deal of
a great deal of
a great deal
a great deal
重点句式
After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.(教材第20页)
过了一会儿,一群女人走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一壶水。
◆本句是一个简单句,句中each balancing a pot of water on her head为独立主格结构:名词/代词+doing。
A lot of people start travelling around,their footprints covering almost every corner of the world.
很多人开始到处旅行,他们的足迹几乎遍及世界的各个角落。
All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.
积蓄全部用完了,我们就开始找工作。
归纳拓展
独立主格结构由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词)、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
Steven walked slowly to the bus,his head down,tears in his eyes.
史蒂文慢慢地走向公交车,低着头,眼含泪水。
The work done,we went home.
工作完成后,我们就回家了。
温馨提示
语境运用
完成句子
①如果天气允许的话,运动会将在下周六早晨举行。
　　　　　　 　　,the sports meeting will be held next Saturday
morning.
②由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。
　　　　　　　　 　　　　,she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.
③他父母得到了很好的照顾,他可以安心为公司做贡献了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　,he can feel at ease to contribute
to the company.
Weather permitting
Her glasses broken
His parents being taken good care of
长难句分析
Once upon a time there was a king who often thought,“Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.”(教材第20页)
从前,有个国王,他经常思考:“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨,而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题,那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。”
本句中含有两个定语从句,一个是who often thought,修饰先行词a king,关系代词who在从句中作主语;另一个是whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems,修饰先行词a nation,关系代词whose在从句中作定语。
语境运用
单句情境写作
①那个穿红衣服的女孩是我最好的朋友,她的妈妈是我们的英语老师。


The girl who is dressed in red is my best friend whose mother is our English teacher.
②那个在比赛中获得第一名的男孩正在小声跟他旁边的女孩说话,那个女孩笑得很
灿烂。


The boy who got the first place in the match is whispering to the girl next to him whose smile is more than a little bright.
备用讲义
1.One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to
the ground.(教材第20页)
一个妇女被石头绊倒,她的水壶掉在地上摔碎了。
◆ trip over 被……绊倒
Mind you,don’t trip over these roots;they’re difficult to see under all these leaves.
小心别被这些树根绊倒,它们被盖在树叶下面不易看到。
Don’t leave toys lying around—someone might trip over them.
别弄得到处都是玩具——不定会绊倒谁。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①突然她被一块岩石绊倒了。
Suddenly she 　　 　　　　　　 a rock.
②我经过时,他伸出腿来想把我绊倒。
As I passed,he stuck out a leg and tried to　　　　 　　　　.
③他们计划到巴黎旅行度蜜月。
They planned to 　　　　　　　 　　　　　 to Paris.
tripped over
trip me up
make a wedding trip
2.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the
road.(教材第20页)
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
◆neither...nor...既不……,也不……,连接句中两个相同成分。
Neither my father nor I was there.
我父亲和我都不在那里。
As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读C)
正如作者解释的那样,这既不是一本游记,也不是一本历史书,甚至也不是一篇报告文学。
It is neither too hot nor too cold in winter here.
这里冬天既不太热也不太冷。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Neither my parents nor my sister　　　　(like) swimming.
②Not he but also I 　　　　(be) going to China.
③Not only the local community but also the volunteers 　 .　　　
(respect) for taking care of the elderly.
likes
am
are respected
3....and therefore the public would continue to receive good health
services.(教材第22页)
……因此,公众将继续得到优质的保健服务。
◆therefore adv.因此,所以
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
发光的植物可以缩短距离,因此有助于节省能源。
He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
因此,他拿出数百万元为其他人提供设备支持进行农业研究。
The kids behaved quite well,and therefore it was worthwhile to praise them.
孩子们表现很好,所以值得表扬。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place
and,　　　 　,supply more jobs.
②Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research
shows,while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does,
　　　　,have its own problem.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C)
③She has had much food high in fibre recently.　　 　　,she becomes
slim.
therefore
however
Therefore
写作专项指导
Write a Review of a Moral Fable
文本解读
1.文体类型:寓言故事评论,属于议论文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)一位国王为了试探民众的社会责任感,把石头放在路中央,并把金币藏在石
头下方;
(2)不同的人对石头的不同态度;
(3)一个善良诚实的年轻女孩搬走了石头,并获得了金币和国王的赞扬。
思路指引
实用表达
1.寓言读后感首段常用句式:
The story is about...
The author writes about...
This fable describes...
2.寓言读后感中段常用句式:
The author is using the story to...
The author has done a good job in...
The author tries to...but...
One example of this from real life is...
3.寓言读后感尾段常用句式:
I like the story because...
What impresses me most is that...
I’m not sure whether...but...
I would love to share the story with...
佳作建构
A peacock (孔雀)was very unhappy with her ugly voice,so she spent most of her days complaining about it.
“It is true that you cannot sing,”said the fox,“but look how beautiful you are!”
“Oh,but what good is all this beauty,”cried the bird,“with such an unpleasant voice!”
“Listen,”said the fox,“each one owns something good:you have such beauty;the nightingale (夜莺)has her songs;and the owl (猫头鹰)has his eyes.Even if you had a sweet voice,you would still complain about another thing.Why can’t you just be happy about what you have already got ”
请从这则寓言中提炼出一个恰当的主题,写一篇80词左右的英语读后感。内容包括:
1.简要概括这则寓言;
2.谈谈你的理解或感受;
3.以你或你身边的人或事加以论证。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 n.寓言
2.　　　　　　　　 抱怨
3. 　　　　　　　　 对……满意
4. 　　　　　 　　　 好好利用
5. 　　　　　　　　 集中注意力于……
6. 　　　　　 　　　 以……为例
fable
complain about
be content with
make good use of
focus on
take...as an example
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
翻译句子
1.这则寓言讲的是一只孔雀抱怨自己的声音太难听,而忽视了自己真正的美丽。
(complain about;ignore)
The fable is about a peacock who complains about her ugly voice and ignores her true beauty.
2.但是,一只狐狸建议她满足于她所拥有的。(advise;be content with)
But a fox advises her to be content with what she owns.
3.如果孔雀意识到这一点,她就不会这么沮丧了,然后她会展示她优美的身材,并为
自己感到骄傲。(虚拟语气;be proud of)
If the peacock had realised this,she would not have been so upset,then would have shown her beautiful figure and been proud of herself.
4.他各科成绩都很好,在大多数考试中都名列前十。(rank)
He does very well in all subjects,and ranks as Top 10 in most of the exams.
5.他永远也不会知道我们有多么崇拜他!事实上,没有人能在各个方面都发展得很好,
即使他是个天才。(admire)
He will never know how much we admire him!In fact,nobody can develop very well in all aspects even if he is a talent.
亮点提升
1.将第1句用分词改写。
The fable is about a peacock who complains about her ugly voice,
ignoring her true beauty.
2.将第2句用宾语从句改写。
But a fox advises that she be content with what she owns.
3.将第3句改为倒装句。
Had the peacock realised this,she would not have been so upset,then would have shown her beautiful figure and been proud of herself.
4.将第4句用分词改写。
He does very well in all subjects,ranking as Top 10 in most of the exams.
5.将第5句用倒装句改写。
Never will he know how much we admire him!In fact,nobody can develop very well in all aspects even if he is a talent.
范文展示
The fable is about a peacock who complains about her ugly voice,ignoring her true beauty.But a fox advises that she be content with what she owns.
After reading it,I understand that we teenagers should find and make good use of our advantages,stopping complaining about the shortcomings all the time.Had the peacock realised this,she would not have been so upset,then would have shown her beautiful figure and been proud of herself.
Many people around me make the same mistake,who only focus on what they cannot get.Take my friend Mike as an example.He does very well in all subjects,
ranking as Top 10 in most of the exams.But he usually complains that he can’t play basketball well because he is not tall enough.Never will he know how much we admire him!In fact,nobody can develop very well in all aspects even if he/she is a talent.So we should stay positive and value what we have instead of complaining too much.
写作练习
最近你在《伊索寓言》中读了《狐狸和葡萄》的故事。故事中狐狸因为摘不到葡萄而故意说葡萄是酸的。这个故事告诉我们:在现实生活中,我们有时也会和狐狸一样,在面对错误或问题时,不是勇敢地去解决,而是不断为自己找借口。现在,请你根据故事内容并结合自己的情况或某些社会现象,写一篇英语评论。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
写作指导
One possible version:
Recently I read a small story from Aesop’s Fables,whose name is The Fox and The Grapes.
It is very clear that the fox was looking for an excuse for his not being able to pick them.
After reading the fable I realise that when we are wrong,we should not find an excuse to cover up our own problems.Instead we should bravely admit the mistakes and try to correct them.Only in this way might we succeed someday.Otherwise,we may also become someone just like the fox.
1.Many household products are potentially 　　　　 (harm).
2.When he heard the news,　　　　 (tear) rolled down his cheeks.
3.There is a close connection between pain and 　　　 　 (tense).
4.He stood there,his two eyes 　　　　 (look) at the sky.
5.Weather 　　　 　 (permit),I’ll go on my vacation on the beach.
6.When we returned to the school,we found a stranger 　　　　 (stand) at
the entrance.
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
harmful
tears
tension
looking
permitting
standing
7.Sometimes,we should deal with a problem 　　　 　 (flexible).
8.Jack stood in front of the class,completely 　　 　　(forget) every
word that he had prepared for his speech.
9.He 　　　 　 (trip) over a fallen tree.After he picked himself up,he
moved the tree out of the road.
10.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,　　 　　 .
(allow) more patients to be treated.
flexibly
forgetting
tripped
allowing
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.I have spent 　　　　　　　　　　　　(大量的时间) improving my maths.
2.A great assembly was held 　　　　　　　　(为了纪念) the 70th birthday
of our country.
3.He told the policeman 　　　　　　　　(流着泪) that he was sure to find
the kind-hearted person who carried him through.
4.　　　　　　　　　 　　　(想到那些需要帮助的人),he always
gives them a hand.
5.　　　　　　　　　　 　　(迈克和汤姆都不喜欢) playing the piano.
a great deal of time
in memory of
in tears
Thinking of those in need of help　
Neither Mike nor Tom likes
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I’d like to share a little story with you about something that happened when I was four.I remember it clearly.Our loving family dog was nearing the end of his life.My father picked him up and put him in a little bed we had made for him.Our dog,my companion,whom we had cared for,bit my father when he attempted to help him.How could he Why I couldn’t understand it.I didn’t like him anymore.
I hadn’t thought about that story for a long time but something that happened last week brought it back to me.I went to speak with a friend.When I knocked on the door,I met in an instant an angry look and a few harsh (尖刻的)words.When the door was slammed (砰地关上)in my face,I stood there shocked,and suddenly,I thought of my dog that bit my father 20 years ago or so.What brought that story back was that same feeling of betrayal(背叛;辜负).
Both stories taught me something the next day.You see,when I got up in the morning and was told my dog had died,it became clear to me that he must have been in great pain.For him to have bitten a family member,he could not have been himself.Much the same for the other story when I learnt that my friend’s wife had just left him.
We all have different opinions and feelings.And all of those things can cause you to say and do things that can’t be understood by other people,because they are not in the same situation with you.
If you meet someone either behaving out of character or acting in a way that doesn’t seem to fit the situation,put out your hand and be patient when you think it is least possible for him to do so.You may turn around a story that has a sad ending simply by your actions.
语篇导读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过两次相似的经历,最终明白应该站在他人的角度,给予别人理解和帮助,并设身处地为他人着想。阅读本文,可以帮助学生学会换位思考,更加懂得如何去体谅他人。
1.What is the influence of the incident mentioned in Paragraph 1
A.It hurt his father’s feelings deeply.
B.It has puzzled the author ever since.
C.It left a deep impression on the author.
D.It made the author dislike dogs.
答案及剖析:
1.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第一段的“I’d like to share a little story...remember it clearly.”可以推测这件事给作者留下了深刻的印象,所以他直到现在都还记得很清楚。故选C。
2.Why did the author’s friend say harsh words to the author
A.Because he was ill-tempered.
B.Because he was suffering the pain of losing his wife.
C.Because he was bothered by an unexpected visit.
D.Because they once quarreled and he couldn’t forgive the author.
答案及剖析:
2.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二段的“When I knocked on the door,I met in an instant an angry look and a few harsh(尖刻的)words.”和第三段的“Much the same for the other story when I learnt that my friend’s wife had just left him.”可推测,作者的朋友对他说尖刻的话是因为他刚刚失去了妻子,正经历着失去妻子的痛苦。故选B。
3.What’s the author’s advice to us
A.Help those in need.
B.Look before you leap.
C.Respect for others is a kind of virtue.
D.Learn to put yourself in others’shoes.
答案及剖析:
3.D　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章倒数第二段的“We all have different opinions and feelings.And all of those...they are not in the same situation with you.”可推测,作者建议我们设身处地为别人着想。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Alice is a student who came to my class last year.Though she has already turned 60,Alice looks so fit and 　1　,with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude.I am Alice’s teacher in class,but I feel she is my teacher in life.
For my 2-hour class every Saturday morning,Alice has to take a 3-hour round-trip on the road.But she is never 　2　 for class.Alice is very passionate about learning English.She often says,“Don’t 　3　 me as a 60-year-old.I am just a new beginner who wants to learn anything 　4　.
You know,I am very excited to come to the class!”So I feel a strong sense of 　5　 to make sure what I teach makes sense to her.
Alice came to me with very 　6　 English skills,but she turns out to be a very fast learner because she always puts English 　7　 on a daily basis.I 　8　 her homework before every class.Her homework is usually not what I 　9　 for the class,rather it is something that she 　10　 to put together.She makes various sentences using the important words and phrases she learnt from our 　11　 class.I am always 　12　 by the quality of her work.
I feel fortunate to have a student like Alice.She has 　13　 me so much.Our 　14　 is a great learning experience for both of us.Though I have no idea why she learns English,I hope I can help her get closer to her dream,　15　 it is.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者的一名学生——60岁的老人Alice,心态积极乐观。学习主动认真,从Alice身上,作者学到许多人生道理。阅读本文,有利于培养学生积极乐观、主动学习的意识。
文章脉络
1.A.strong B.cheerful C.generous D.proud
2.A.anxious B.ready C.late D.meant
3.A.treat B.recognise C.mistake D.describe
4.A.carefully B.obviously C.regularly D.eagerly
5.A.humour B.achievement C.responsibility D.belonging
6.A.special B.basic C.effective D.official
7.A.in place B.in motion C.in order D.in use
8.A.copy B.check C.mention D.prepare
9.A.revised B.saved C.arranged D.collected
10.A.volunteers B.agrees C.promises D.hesitates
11.A.lively B.former C.suitable D.senior
12.A.encouraged B.annoyed C.confused D.impressed
13.A.taught B.challenged C.guaranteed D.permitted
14.A.appointment B.arrangement C.interaction D.cooperation
15.A.whoever B.wherever C.whatever D.however
答案及剖析:
1.B　根据后文“with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude”可知,
Alice非常乐观,所以是快乐的(cheerful)。
2.C　根据前文“For my 2-hour class every Saturday morning,Alice has to take a 3-hour round-trip on the road.”以及本句中“But she is never”转折语义可知,Alice从不迟到(late)。
3.A　根据上一句“Alice is very passionate about learning English.”以及前文的分析可知,Alice积极乐观,学习努力认真。根据后文“as a 60-year-old”可知,她不让老师把她当成(treat)60岁的老人。treat...as意为“把……当作……对待”。
4.D　根据前文“Alice is very passionate about learning English.”可知,她对学习有强烈的欲望,故eagerly(热切地;渴望地)符合语境。
5.C　根据后文“to make sure what I teach makes sense to her”可知,作者有强烈的责任感(responsibility)。
6.B　根据后文“but she turns out to be a very fast learner”转折的语义可知,Alice刚来时英语水平很一般(basic)。
7.D　根据常识及后文“on a daily basis”可知,用则发达,废则萎缩,因为在日常生活中,她总是运用英语,所以她学得很快。in use意为“在使用中”,符合语境。
8.B　根据后文宾语“her homework”可知,作为老师的作者检查(check)作业。
9.C　根据前文“Her homework”以及后文“for the class”可知,作为老师的作者给学生布置安排(arranged)作业。
10.A　根据前文“Her homework is usually not what I 　9　 for the class”可知,Alice的作业是自愿(volunteers)做的。
11.B　根据前文“I 　8　 her homework before every class.”可知,作业在每节课之前检查,说明内容是上节课的。former意为“以前的”,符合语境。
12.D　基于前文的分析及后文“I feel fortunate to have a student like Alice.”可知,Alice学习主动认真,老师非常喜欢这样的学生,所以她的作业质量给作者留下深刻的印象(impressed)。
13.A　根据前文“but I feel she is my teacher in life”以及后文“Our
　14　 is a great learning experience for both of us”可知,此处指在交往中,作者从Alice那里学到很多,即Alice教会(taught)作者很多东西。
14.C　根据后文“a great learning experience for both of us”可知,她们之间是互动(interaction)学习。
15.C　分析句子,此处应用连接代词whatever引导让步状语从句,指物,作表语,符合句意“不管是什么梦想”。Part 2　Listening and Talking,Reading for Writing,Assessing Your Progress
1.主题语境:人与社会 ——人的社会责任
2.语篇类型:寓言故事
3.课文内容分析:文章主要分享了一个有关道德的寓言故事《挡道的石头》,讲述了国王为了试探民众面对问题的态度,将一块大石头放在路中央,并将金币藏在石头下方,然后观察人们的反应。虽然很多人对石头带来的麻烦甚至是个人损失有诸多抱怨,但都不愿意自己把石头搬走。最后一位善良诚实的年轻女孩搬走了石头,获得了国王的金币和赞扬。阅读后学生要思考文中的“石头”象征着什么 搬石头的女孩与其他人有什么不同 作为个人,面对社会问题应承担怎样的责任 这有利于培养学生高尚的社会品德和责任心。
THE STONE IN THE ROAD
答案:1.responses　2.angrily　3.tripped　4.move　5.might
1.She picked herself up and limped away in tears.(教材第20页)
她从地上爬起来,噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
◆tear n.眼泪;泪水 v.撕掉;撤下;扯破
And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,语法填空)
当他看到从河上升起的薄雾和环绕山顶的浮云时,他流下了眼泪。
Not this polar bear though—he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子).(2020浙江卷,读后续写)
但这只北极熊没有——他只是一直试图用他巨大的爪子拆除篱笆。
单句语法填空
①They were so moved that they burst 　　　　 tears.
②She left the room 　　　　 tears so I went after her.
③She tore the letter 　　　　 and cried out of the hall.
答案:①into　②in　③apart
2.Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm (教材第20页)
难道整个村子里没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗
◆harm n.&vt.伤害;损害
While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.(2019全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害,但阳光也能给我们提供有益的维生素D。
The polluted water does harm to people as well as other living things.
被污染了的水不仅对人类有害,也对其他生物有害。
[备用例句]
①These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示缺水的情况的植物,还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。
②A number of students choose to go on a diet or take weight-loss pills,which is harmful to their health.
大量的学生选择节食,或者吃减肥药,这些方法对他们的健康有害。
单句语法填空
①What should be done to punish people who do harm 　　　　 the animals
②The polluted air and water are 　　　　(harm) to people’s health.
③Peter may look a bit fierce,but actually he’s fairly 　　　　(harm).
答案:①to　②harmful　③harmless
3.After a great deal of effort,she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.(教材第20页)
费了好大一番工夫,她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。
◆a great deal (of)大量
Thanks to papermaking and printing,a great deal of ancient information has been kept in books.
多亏了造纸术和印刷术,大量的古代信息被保存在书籍里。
What surprises us most is that people have done a great deal to preserve the wetland.
最令我们惊讶的是,人们为保护湿地做了很多事情。
(1)a great deal为副词性短语时,修饰动词、形容词,尤其是修饰形容词比较级。
(2)a great deal还可以作名词性短语,用作不可数名词;也可以作主语或宾语,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
完成句子
①毫无疑问,高考对中国学生意义重大。
Undoubtedly,college entrance examination means 　　　　　　　　　　　　 to Chinese students.
②有些朋友给了我很多鼓励。
I had friends who gave me 　　　　　　　　　　　　 encouragement.
选词填空(a great deal/a great deal of)
③She has earned 　　　　　　　　 money in the last few weeks.
④The nurse did 　　　　　　　　to keep my wound clean.
⑤His new novel is　　　　　　　　 more interesting than I expected.
答案:①a great deal　②a great deal of　③a great deal of　④a great deal　⑤a great deal
After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.(教材第20页)
过了一会儿,一群女人走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一壶水。
◆本句是一个简单句,句中each balancing a pot of water on her head为独立主格结构:名词/代词+doing。
A lot of people start travelling around,their footprints covering almost every corner of the world.
很多人开始到处旅行,他们的足迹几乎遍及世界的各个角落。
All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.
积蓄全部用完了,我们就开始找工作。
独立主格结构由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词)、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
Steven walked slowly to the bus,his head down,tears in his eyes.
史蒂文慢慢地走向公交车,低着头,眼含泪水。
The work done,we went home.
工作完成后,我们就回家了。
完成句子
①如果天气允许的话,运动会将在下周六早晨举行。
　　　　　　　　,the sports meeting will be held next Saturday morning.
②由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.
③他父母得到了很好的照顾,他可以安心为公司做贡献了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he can feel at ease to contribute to the company.
答案:①Weather permitting　②Her glasses broken　③His parents being taken good care of
Once upon a time there was a king who often thought,“Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.”(教材第20页)
从前,有个国王,他经常思考:“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨,而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题,那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。”
本句中含有两个定语从句,一个是who often thought,修饰先行词a king,关系代词who在从句中作主语;另一个是whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems,修饰先行词a nation,关系代词whose在从句中作定语。
单句情境写作
①那个穿红衣服的女孩是我最好的朋友,她的妈妈是我们的英语老师。
②那个在比赛中获得第一名的男孩正在小声跟他旁边的女孩说话,那个女孩笑得很灿烂。
答案:①The girl who is dressed in red is my best friend whose mother is our English teacher.
②The boy who got the first place in the match is whispering to the girl next to him whose smile is more than a little bright.
1.One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.(教材第20页)
一个妇女被石头绊倒,她的水壶掉在地上摔碎了。
◆ trip over 被……绊倒
Mind you,don’t trip over these roots;they’re difficult to see under all these leaves.
小心别被这些树根绊倒,它们被盖在树叶下面不易看到。
Don’t leave toys lying around—someone might trip over them.
别弄得到处都是玩具——不定会绊倒谁。
完成句子
①突然她被一块岩石绊倒了。
Suddenly she 　　　　　　　　 a rock.
②我经过时,他伸出腿来想把我绊倒。
As I passed,he stuck out a leg and tried to　　　　　　　　.
③他们计划到巴黎旅行度蜜月。
They planned to 　　　　　　　　　　　　 to Paris.
答案:①tripped over 　②trip me up　③make a wedding trip
2.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.(教材第20页)
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
◆neither...nor...既不……,也不……,连接句中两个相同成分。
Neither my father nor I was there.
我父亲和我都不在那里。
As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读C)
正如作者解释的那样,这既不是一本游记,也不是一本历史书,甚至也不是一篇报告文学。
It is neither too hot nor too cold in winter here.
这里冬天既不太热也不太冷。
单句语法填空
①Neither my parents nor my sister　　　　(like) swimming.
②Not he but also I 　　　　(be) going to China.
③Not only the local community but also the volunteers 　　　　 (respect) for taking care of the elderly.
答案:①likes　②am 　③are respected
3....and therefore the public would continue to receive good health services.(教材第22页)
……因此,公众将继续得到优质的保健服务。
◆therefore adv.因此,所以
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
发光的植物可以缩短距离,因此有助于节省能源。
He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
因此,他拿出数百万元为其他人提供设备支持进行农业研究。
The kids behaved quite well,and therefore it was worthwhile to praise them.
孩子们表现很好,所以值得表扬。
单句语法填空
①It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,　　　　,supply more jobs.
②Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows,while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does,　　　　,have its own problem.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C)
③She has had much food high in fibre recently.　　　　,she becomes slim.
答案:①therefore　②however　③Therefore
Write a Review of a Moral Fable
1.文体类型:寓言故事评论,属于议论文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)一位国王为了试探民众的社会责任感,把石头放在路中央,并把金币藏在石头下方;
(2)不同的人对石头的不同态度;
(3)一个善良诚实的年轻女孩搬走了石头,并获得了金币和国王的赞扬。
1.寓言读后感首段常用句式:
The story is about...
The author writes about...
This fable describes...
2.寓言读后感中段常用句式:
The author is using the story to...
The author has done a good job in...
The author tries to...but...
One example of this from real life is...
3.寓言读后感尾段常用句式:
I like the story because...
What impresses me most is that...
I’m not sure whether...but...
I would love to share the story with...
A peacock (孔雀)was very unhappy with her ugly voice,so she spent most of her days complaining about it.
“It is true that you cannot sing,”said the fox,“but look how beautiful you are!”
“Oh,but what good is all this beauty,”cried the bird,“with such an unpleasant voice!”
“Listen,”said the fox,“each one owns something good:you have such beauty;the nightingale (夜莺)has her songs;and the owl (猫头鹰)has his eyes.Even if you had a sweet voice,you would still complain about another thing.Why can’t you just be happy about what you have already got ”
请从这则寓言中提炼出一个恰当的主题,写一篇80词左右的英语读后感。内容包括:
1.简要概括这则寓言;
2.谈谈你的理解或感受;
3.以你或你身边的人或事加以论证。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 n.寓言
2.　　　　　　　　 抱怨
3. 　　　　　　　　 对……满意
4. 　　　　　　　　 好好利用
5. 　　　　　　　　 集中注意力于……
6. 　　　　　　　　 以……为例
答案:1.fable　2.complain about　3.be content with　4.make good use of　5.focus on
6.take...as an example
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
翻译句子
1.这则寓言讲的是一只孔雀抱怨自己的声音太难听,而忽视了自己真正的美丽。(complain about;ignore)
2.但是,一只狐狸建议她满足于她所拥有的。(advise;be content with)
3.如果孔雀意识到这一点,她就不会这么沮丧了,然后她会展示她优美的身材,并为自己感到骄傲。(虚拟语气;be proud of)
4.他各科成绩都很好,在大多数考试中都名列前十。(rank)
5.他永远也不会知道我们有多么崇拜他!事实上,没有人能在各个方面都发展得很好,即使他是个天才。(admire)
答案:1.The fable is about a peacock who complains about her ugly voice and ignores her true beauty.
2.But a fox advises her to be content with what she owns.
3.If the peacock had realised this,she would not have been so upset,then would have shown her beautiful figure and been proud of herself.
4.He does very well in all subjects,and ranks as Top 10 in most of the exams.
5.He will never know how much we admire him!In fact,nobody can develop very well in all aspects even if he is a talent.
1.将第1句用分词改写。
2.将第2句用宾语从句改写。
3.将第3句改为倒装句。
4.将第4句用分词改写。
5.将第5句用倒装句改写。
答案:1.The fable is about a peacock who complains about her ugly voice,ignoring her true beauty.
2.But a fox advises that she be content with what she owns.
3.Had the peacock realised this,she would not have been so upset,then would have shown her beautiful figure and been proud of herself.
4.He does very well in all subjects,ranking as Top 10 in most of the exams.
5.Never will he know how much we admire him!In fact,nobody can develop very well in all aspects even if he is a talent.
The fable is about a peacock who complains about her ugly voice,ignoring her true beauty.But a fox advises that she be content with what she owns.
After reading it,I understand that we teenagers should find and make good use of our advantages,stopping complaining about the shortcomings all the time.Had the peacock realised this,she would not have been so upset,then would have shown her beautiful figure and been proud of herself.
Many people around me make the same mistake,who only focus on what they cannot get.Take my friend Mike as an example.He does very well in all subjects,ranking as Top 10 in most of the exams.But he usually complains that he can’t play basketball well because he is not tall enough.Never will he know how much we admire him!In fact,nobody can develop very well in all aspects even if he/she is a talent.So we should stay positive and value what we have instead of complaining too much.
最近你在《伊索寓言》中读了《狐狸和葡萄》的故事。故事中狐狸因为摘不到葡萄而故意说葡萄是酸的。这个故事告诉我们:在现实生活中,我们有时也会和狐狸一样,在面对错误或问题时,不是勇敢地去解决,而是不断为自己找借口。现在,请你根据故事内容并结合自己的情况或某些社会现象,写一篇英语评论。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
One possible version:
Recently I read a small story from Aesop’s Fables,whose name is The Fox and The Grapes.
It is very clear that the fox was looking for an excuse for his not being able to pick them.
After reading the fable I realise that when we are wrong,we should not find an excuse to cover up our own problems.Instead we should bravely admit the mistakes and try to correct them.Only in this way might we succeed someday.Otherwise,we may also become someone just like the fox.
课时作业(四)　UNIT 2　Part 2
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Many household products are potentially 　　　　 (harm).
2.When he heard the news,　　　　 (tear) rolled down his cheeks.
3.There is a close connection between pain and 　　　　 (tense).
4.He stood there,his two eyes 　　　　 (look) at the sky.
5.Weather 　　　　 (permit),I’ll go on my vacation on the beach.
6.When we returned to the school,we found a stranger 　　　　 (stand) at the entrance.
7.Sometimes,we should deal with a problem 　　　　 (flexible).
8.Jack stood in front of the class,completely 　　　　(forget) every word that he had prepared for his speech.
9.He 　　　　 (trip) over a fallen tree.After he picked himself up,he moved the tree out of the road.
10.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,　　　　 (allow) more patients to be treated.
答案:1.harmful　2.tears　3.tension　4.looking
5.permitting　6.standing　7.flexibly
8.forgetting　9.tripped　10.allowing
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.I have spent 　　　　　　　　　　　　(大量的时间) improving my maths.
2.A great assembly was held 　　　　　　　　(为了纪念) the 70th birthday of our country.
3.He told the policeman 　　　　　　　　(流着泪) that he was sure to find the kind-hearted person who carried him through.
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　(想到那些需要帮助的人),he always gives them a hand.
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　(迈克和汤姆都不喜欢) playing the piano.
答案:1.a great deal of time　2.in memory of　3.in tears　4.Thinking of those in need of help　5.Neither Mike nor Tom likes
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I’d like to share a little story with you about something that happened when I was four.I remember it clearly.Our loving family dog was nearing the end of his life.My father picked him up and put him in a little bed we had made for him.Our dog,my companion,whom we had cared for,bit my father when he attempted to help him.How could he Why I couldn’t understand it.I didn’t like him anymore.
I hadn’t thought about that story for a long time but something that happened last week brought it back to me.I went to speak with a friend.When I knocked on the door,I met in an instant an angry look and a few harsh (尖刻的)words.When the door was slammed (砰地关上)in my face,I stood there shocked,and suddenly,I thought of my dog that bit my father 20 years ago or so.What brought that story back was that same feeling of betrayal(背叛;辜负).
Both stories taught me something the next day.You see,when I got up in the morning and was told my dog had died,it became clear to me that he must have been in great pain.For him to have bitten a family member,he could not have been himself.Much the same for the other story when I learnt that my friend’s wife had just left him.
We all have different opinions and feelings.And all of those things can cause you to say and do things that can’t be understood by other people,because they are not in the same situation with you.
If you meet someone either behaving out of character or acting in a way that doesn’t seem to fit the situation,put out your hand and be patient when you think it is least possible for him to do so.You may turn around a story that has a sad ending simply by your actions.
1.What is the influence of the incident mentioned in Paragraph 1
A.It hurt his father’s feelings deeply.
B.It has puzzled the author ever since.
C.It left a deep impression on the author.
D.It made the author dislike dogs.
2.Why did the author’s friend say harsh words to the author
A.Because he was ill-tempered.
B.Because he was suffering the pain of losing his wife.
C.Because he was bothered by an unexpected visit.
D.Because they once quarreled and he couldn’t forgive the author.
3.What’s the author’s advice to us
A.Help those in need.
B.Look before you leap.
C.Respect for others is a kind of virtue.
D.Learn to put yourself in others’shoes.
语篇导读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过两次相似的经历,最终明白应该站在他人的角度,给予别人理解和帮助,并设身处地为他人着想。阅读本文,可以帮助学生学会换位思考,更加懂得如何去体谅他人。
答案及剖析:
1.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第一段的“I’d like to share a little story...remember it clearly.”可以推测这件事给作者留下了深刻的印象,所以他直到现在都还记得很清楚。故选C。
2.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二段的“When I knocked on the door,I met in an instant an angry look and a few harsh(尖刻的)words.”和第三段的“Much the same for the other story when I learnt that my friend’s wife had just left him.”可推测,作者的朋友对他说尖刻的话是因为他刚刚失去了妻子,正经历着失去妻子的痛苦。故选B。
3.D　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章倒数第二段的“We all have different opinions and feelings.And all of those...they are not in the same situation with you.”可推测,作者建议我们设身处地为别人着想。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Alice is a student who came to my class last year.Though she has already turned 60,Alice looks so fit and 　1　,with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude.I am Alice’s teacher in class,but I feel she is my teacher in life.
For my 2-hour class every Saturday morning,Alice has to take a 3-hour round-trip on the road.But she is never 　2　 for class.Alice is very passionate about learning English.She often says,“Don’t 　3　 me as a 60-year-old.I am just a new beginner who wants to learn anything 　4　.You know,I am very excited to come to the class!”So I feel a strong sense of 　5　 to make sure what I teach makes sense to her.
Alice came to me with very 　6　 English skills,but she turns out to be a very fast learner because she always puts English 　7　 on a daily basis.I 　8　 her homework before every class.Her homework is usually not what I 　9　 for the class,rather it is something that she 　10　 to put together.She makes various sentences using the important words and phrases she learnt from our 　11　 class.I am always 　12　 by the quality of her work.
I feel fortunate to have a student like Alice.She has 　13　 me so much.Our 　14　 is a great learning experience for both of us.Though I have no idea why she learns English,I hope I can help her get closer to her dream,　15　 it is.
1.A.strong B.cheerful
C.generous D.proud
2.A.anxious B.ready
C.late D.meant
3.A.treat B.recognise
C.mistake D.describe
4.A.carefully B.obviously
C.regularly D.eagerly
5.A.humour B.achievement
C.responsibility D.belonging
6.A.special B.basic
C.effective D.official
7.A.in place B.in motion
C.in order D.in use
8.A.copy B.check
C.mention D.prepare
9.A.revised B.saved
C.arranged D.collected
10.A.volunteers B.agrees
C.promises D.hesitates
11.A.lively B.former
C.suitable D.senior
12.A.encouraged B.annoyed
C.confused D.impressed
13.A.taught B.challenged
C.guaranteed D.permitted
14.A.appointment B.arrangement
C.interaction D.cooperation
15.A.whoever B.wherever
C.whatever D.however
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者的一名学生——60岁的老人Alice,心态积极乐观。学习主动认真,从Alice身上,作者学到许多人生道理。阅读本文,有利于培养学生积极乐观、主动学习的意识。
文章脉络
答案及剖析:
1.B　根据后文“with a bright smile and an enthusiastic attitude”可知,Alice非常乐观,所以是快乐的(cheerful)。
2.C　根据前文“For my 2-hour class every Saturday morning,Alice has to take a 3-hour round-trip on the road.”以及本句中“But she is never”转折语义可知,Alice从不迟到(late)。
3.A　根据上一句“Alice is very passionate about learning English.”以及前文的分析可知,Alice积极乐观,学习努力认真。根据后文“as a 60-year-old”可知,她不让老师把她当成(treat)60岁的老人。treat...as意为“把……当作……对待”。
4.D　根据前文“Alice is very passionate about learning English.”可知,她对学习有强烈的欲望,故eagerly(热切地;渴望地)符合语境。
5.C　根据后文“to make sure what I teach makes sense to her”可知,作者有强烈的责任感(responsibility)。
6.B　根据后文“but she turns out to be a very fast learner”转折的语义可知,Alice刚来时英语水平很一般(basic)。
7.D　根据常识及后文“on a daily basis”可知,用则发达,废则萎缩,因为在日常生活中,她总是运用英语,所以她学得很快。in use意为“在使用中”,符合语境。
8.B　根据后文宾语“her homework”可知,作为老师的作者检查(check)作业。
9.C　根据前文“Her homework”以及后文“for the class”可知,作为老师的作者给学生布置安排(arranged)作业。
10.A　根据前文“Her homework is usually not what I 　9　 for the class”可知,Alice的作业是自愿(volunteers)做的。
11.B　根据前文“I 　8　 her homework before every class.”可知,作业在每节课之前检查,说明内容是上节课的。former意为“以前的”,符合语境。
12.D　基于前文的分析及后文“I feel fortunate to have a student like Alice.”可知,Alice学习主动认真,老师非常喜欢这样的学生,所以她的作业质量给作者留下深刻的印象(impressed)。
13.A　根据前文“but I feel she is my teacher in life”以及后文“Our 　14　 is a great learning experience for both of us”可知,此处指在交往中,作者从Alice那里学到很多,即Alice教会(taught)作者很多东西。
14.C　根据后文“a great learning experience for both of us”可知,她们之间是互动(interaction)学习。
15.C　分析句子,此处应用连接代词whatever引导让步状语从句,指物,作表语,符合句意“不管是什么梦想”。
核心素养提升(UNIT 2)
(时间:120分钟　满分:150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
高考主播音频
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What shape should Macy draw first (　A　)
A.An oval. B.A circle.
C.A rectangle.
2.When did the incident happen (　A　)
A.At about 10:00 am.
B.At about 10:00 pm.
C.At about 2:00 am.
3.How did the man probably feel (　B　)
A.Disappointed. B.Embarrassed.
C.Excited.
4.Where does the conversation probably take place (　C　)
A.In a bookstore. B.In a classroom.
C.In a library.
5.What is the woman worried about (　B　)
A.She will run out of money.
B.She doesn’t have enough time.
C.She dislikes art.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What does the woman want to know from the Customer Service (　C　)
A.Where the size-10 jeans are sold.
B.Whether there are size-10 jeans.
C.When the size-10 jeans are available.
7.Where is the Customer Service (　B　)
A.Before the Electronics Department.
B.In front of the entrance.
C.On the left of the lift.
听第7段材料,回答第8～10题。
8.Where might the speakers be (　A　)
A.At home. B.At a gym.
C.At a community pool.
9.What does the woman really want to do (　C　)
A.Work out.
B.Take a shower.
C.Go swimming.
10.Which season is it now (　B　)
A.Summer. B.Autumn.
C.Winter.
听第8段材料,回答第11～13题。
11.Who might Ms Wilson be (　B　)
A.Gloria’s mom.
B.Gloria’s teacher.
C.Gloria’s advisor.
12.What does Gloria need to do to be a top ten student (　C　)
A.Pass the final exam.
B.Do well for the next few months.
C.Get a 90% on the final exam.
13.What is the man worried about (　B　)
A.Gloria’s getting into college.
B.Gloria’s social life.
C.Gloria’s mental health.
听第9段材料,回答第14～16题。
14.What should the man do today according to the woman (　C　)
A.Just take a walk.
B.Run with a mask on.
C.Stay home most of the time.
15.What is the quality of the air like today (　C　)
A.It’s a little smoky.
B.It’s foggy but clean.
C.It’s dangerous for people’s health.
16.Why does the woman probably wear a mask often (　A　)
A.Because there is a lot of pollution sometimes.
B.Because she can’t breathe well in warmer weather.
C.Because there are often forest fires.
听第10段材料,回答第17～20题。
17.Who is the speaker (　A　)
A.A teacher.
B.A host.
C.A guide.
18.What are the listeners expected to do after meals (　B　)
A.Wash up.
B.Return dishes.
C.Clean the tables.
19.What activity is offered on Sunday morning (　A　)
A.Sailing. B.Horse riding.
C.Field walking.
20.What change is made to tomorrow evening’s arrangement (　B　)
A.The dancing will be cancelled.
B.The music will be different.
C.The special dinner will come last.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
M:Macy,I’ll teach you how to draw a horse.First,make an oval shape in the middle of the paper.Next,draw a circle on one end—that will become the head.And then,four rectangles.Do you know what those are for
W:I know!They’re legs!
(Text 2)
W:Can you say something on the matter After all,you are the only person who knows what really happened.
M:That’s quite true.I think I can give something valuable.
W:So tell me when did the incident happen
M:At about ten o’clock in the morning.
(Text 3)
M:Lily,there you are!I just walked up to a complete stranger and gave her a hug,because I thought it was you.It was so awkward.
W:I’ve done that before,too.It’s the worst feeling in the world,isn’t it
(Text 4)
W:Excuse me,sir.
M:Yes
W:How many books am I allowed to check out at a time
M:You can borrow five books at a time.But you can’t check out magazines.
(Text 5)
M:Let’s go to the museum.The art museum is full of beautiful artworks.
W:You know,Paul,I am afraid of one thing.
M:What’s that Running out of money
W:No,the museum is free.We’ll run out of time!Half a day is not enough.
第二节
(Text 6)
W:Excuse me.You have a sale on Rough-Kid Jeans,but I don’t see my son’s size.Do you have any size 10’s in the back
M:Sorry,we are sold out of size 10.Customer Service can tell you when we’re getting more size-10 jeans.
W:Customer Service Where’s that
M:Just walk toward the front of the store until you see the Electronics Department.Turn left at Electronics and you’ll see the Customer Service desk on your right,just before the entrance.
W:Thanks a lot.
(Text 7)
W:I need to get in the water.
M:The shower’s available,honey...Are you getting ready to go somewhere
W:I mean,I miss being in the water.In the ocean,in the pool...I miss the feeling.And now it’s almost winter.It will be a long time before I can swim again!
M:Don’t be so disappointed!We can find a solution.Isn’t there a community pool nearby
W:Yes,it’s a 15-minute walk away.
M:Why don’t you take swim lessons there until the weather’s warm again
W:But... it’s an outdoor pool,dear.
M:It must be heated,because I’ve seen people practising there when it’s cold out. If you don’t want to be outside,you can join a gym downtown.We can find one that has a pool.
W:Thank you,Mike.That makes me feel so much better!
(Text 8)
M:How are your grades this semester,Gloria I don’t want to put pressure on you,of course,but I’d love a report.
W:You mean Ms Wilson didn’t tell you
M:No,I’m afraid I haven’t heard from her for months.I was actually starting to get worried.You are passing,I’m sure.
W:Of course,Dad.And Ms Wilson said that I only need to get a 90% on the final exam to be on the list of the top ten students in the whole school.
M:That’s fantastic!I would love to celebrate this.
W:Not so fast.I still have to pass the final,you know.Even though I only need a 90%,I don’t want to leave anything to chance.And I want to learn everything I can.
M:I’m so proud of you.But if you’re too focused on your studies,you might find it hard to make friends at college in a couple of years.Just take it easy once in a while.
(Text 9)
M:Why do you wear a mask over your mouth all the time
W:Don’t you smell the smoke in the air today
M:Yes,I do... Isn’t that probably from someone’s fireplace
W:Jared,the smell is all over this town.Can’t you see it in the air,too
M:I thought it was just fog.
W:Wrong again!
M:What,is there a forest fire burning nearby
W:No...it’s pretty far away.But it’s large,and the smoke from it is covering the whole town.You should stay inside as much as you can.Today,the air quality is at the “dangerous”level.
M:Oh,but I was just going to start my run.Do you have an extra mask
W:I do,but you shouldn’t run today,in my opinion.Running makes you breathe harder and faster,so you’ll be damaging your lungs more.
M:All right... I’ll wait until the air is less dangerous,then.Back to my original question,though...why are you always wearing a mask,Vicki
W:It’s not all of the time.But during certain seasons—particularly summer and autumn—pollution gets trapped in this huge valley.So I’m more aware of it.
(Text 10)
M:Welcome to this weekend’s course at Helvellyn Hall.I’m James and I’ll be coaching those of you who have chosen the waterskiing lessons.
First of all,I just give you some basic information.All meals will be taken in the dining room.We do not require you to wash up after your meals,or clean the tables,but we would be grateful if you could return all dishes to the kitchen after you have finished eating.
You have already got the programme for the weekend.However,I’m afraid there is a little problem with tomorrow morning’s sailing as the instructor is not available on Saturday this week.I’m sorry about this but those of you who wanted to try your hand at sailing are able to do so on Sunday morning instead.Now,tomorrow morning you could join the field walking group or the one doing horse riding.Perhaps I could ask all of you to sign again for which of these activities you’d like to do tomorrow morning.There is one other change but I’m sure it is one that should please you all.Tomorrow evening as you know we have a special dinner for you followed by some Scottish country dancing.The music,however,is not going to be provided by a disco as advertised but by the well-known Scottish folk group called the Mountain Men.We are sure you will all enjoy their music very much.
I think that is all the business that I wanted to raise with you now.Has anyone got any questions that they’d like to ask
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Admission (入场)
Welcome to the National Museum of China (NMC).Please enter the North Gate with your ID card after security check.You can visit NMC exhibitions free of charge during the opening hours.
A paid special exhibition is suggested in the Ticket Office,at the service counter of the West Hall and on NMC’s official website,and its tickets are sold at the entrance of the related exhibition hall.
Identity document:ID card,student ID card,passport,Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macao,Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwanese,
driving license.
Children:A child not higher than 1.3 m who is attended by an adult may enter without a ticket; a primary school student with his/her parents may enter with his/her student ID card.
Opening Hours
9:00 am-5:00 pm
Last admission at 4:30 pm,closed at 5:00 pm
Closed on Mondays (including the Mondays of public holidays)
Notice to Visitors
Please collect a free ticket with an identity document mentioned above at the Ticket Office.
Food and drinks will be inspected to be brought in.
Luggage shall be deposited (寄存) after security check before visiting.
Controlled knives,lighters,dangerous articles,and pets are not allowed.
Please keep your voice down and silence your mobile phone.
No smoking.
Please do not touch the objects on display.
Please help to keep a clean and comfortable environment.
Instructions on Photo-taking
You are kindly reminded not to use flashlight.If photo-taking is not permitted,obvious reminders will be put both at the entrance of and inside the exhibition hall;you should pay attention to such reminders.
Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.
21.Which of the following is TRUE
A.Foreign visitors can enter NMC for free.
B.Visitors should enter the North Gate before security check.
C.NMC is open to people from the mainland only.
D.The special exhibition ticket is sold on its official website.
22.When is a visitor most likely to enter NMC
A.3:00 pm,Sunday.
B.5:00 pm,Saturday.
C.9:00 am,Monday.
D.4:45 pm,Saturday.
23.Which of the following might be allowed in NMC
A.Walking a dog.
B.Bringing in luggage.
C.Taking photos.
D.Touching the objects on display.
语篇导读:本文是一篇应用文。文章叙述了进入中国国家博物馆的一些注意事项。阅读本文,有利于培养学生获取具体信息的能力。
答案及剖析:
21.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Welcome to the National Museum of China (NMC)...during the opening hours.”可知,外国游客可以免费进入NMC。故选A。
22.A　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据“Opening Hours”中“9:00 am—5:00 pm”,“Last admission at 4:30 pm,closed at 5:00 pm”“Closed on Mondays (including the Mondays of public holidays)”可知,最后一次入场是4:30 pm,所以排除B、D;根据“星期一关闭”排除C项。故选A。
23.C　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本具体信息的能力。根据倒数第二段可知,在NMC允许拍照,但不允许使用闪光灯。故选C。
B
My sister Alice and I have been trying to get people to stop dropping cigarette (香烟) butts (烟头) for seven years.One day,we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground.They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop dropping butts.We called it “No Butts about It”.
At first,we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray (烟灰缸)” written on them.We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks,by beaches,and along roads.We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment.Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth.But it does,and all rubbish does!
Later,we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us.We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers.We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.
At the moment,we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes.Some companies want to do it.Many people have started to join our group since it began.Today there are 45 other “No Butts about It”groups in America.
Now there are even groups in England,Australia,and India!Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years.And we have won many prizes for what we do.But we are not interested in prizes.We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals,plants and people.
One day,it will be.
24.What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place
A.They made the town smelly.
B.They made the town unhealthy.
C.They made the town dirty.
D.They made the town poor.
25.What does the writer do with the cigarette butts
A.Give ashtrays to the smokers.
B.Stop people buying cigarettes.
C.Pick up the cigarette butts.
D.Win prizes for starting groups.
26.From the passage we can know that 　　　.
A.no companies wanted to give money to them
B.the writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner place
C.there are only 45 “No Butts about It”groups in America
D.the writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes
27.Which is the best title for the passage
A.Save Our Town from Cigarette Butts
B.Buy Yourself an Ashtray
C.Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries
D.No Butts Prize
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者姐妹两个人为了不让人们乱扔烟头而发起了一个组织,并积极向公司或组织寻求帮助。在过去几年里,她们的组织给美国,甚至其他国家带来了积极影响,她们也因此获得奖励。但她们只希望地球环境变得更好。阅读本文,有利于增强学生的社会责任感,提高学生积极承担社会责任与保护环境的意识。
答案及剖析:
24.C　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第一段中的“They made the town look so ugly...stop dropping butts.”可知,她们成立该组织的最初原因是烟头让城镇变得非常难看。C项符合以上说法。故选C。
25.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段中的“Later,we wrote to companies...so they didn’t have to drop butts.”可知,作者找公司赞助,买了烟灰缸给那些抽烟的人。故选A。
26.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章最后一段中的“One day,it will be.”和倒数第二段中的“We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals,plants and people.”可以推测出,作者相信地球终有一天会变得更好、更干净。B项符合以上推测。故选B。
27.A　标题归纳题。考查学生概括文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章第一段中的“They made...stop dropping butts.”可知,短文主要介绍作者和她的姐姐一直设法呼吁人们不要乱扔烟头。A项“Save Our Town from Cigarette Butts(拯救我们的城镇远离烟头)”可以作为标题概括全文。故选A。
C
Running on the beach can certainly be a good thing.It’s completely different from running on the pavement,a track or trails with soft surfaces.
For starters,sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven (不平的) surface and constantly moves under your feet.As you push off,you’re going to lose some of your push as the sand moves.So,you’re not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or pavement!But this unevenness has an upside:It gives your body an extra workout,forcing you to exercise muscles that don’t get as much use during runs on firm surfaces.
You also might feel painful afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) downward,toward the water.If you’re going for a long run on the beach,you might notice that one side of your body—including your ankle,leg or knee—might feel more painful because you’re putting more pressure on it due to the slope.
Some beach runners tend to run barefoot.However,if you’re not used to barefoot running,start slowly and run short distances at first.That’s because running barefoot uses different muscles than running with shoes does,and it’s important to strengthen these muscles and adapt your feet.
Despite these challenges,running on sand can be a smart choice for athletes because running on it can decrease the bad influence on your body during high-intensity workouts.This could potentially lead to less muscle damage and less pain.Women had less myoglobin (肌红蛋白)—a protein that can be a sign of muscle pain—in their blood after running on the sand than they did after running on grass.This suggests running on softer ground surfaces,such as sand,may reduce muscle damage.
28.What makes running on sand difficult for starters
A.The smooth surface.
B.The moving surface.
C.The sloping surface.
D.The hard surface.
29.Which of the following best explains “upside”underlined in Paragraph 2
A.Advantage. B.Reason.
C.Surprise. D.Challenge.
30.What should you avoid when trying running barefoot
A.Starting slowly.
B.Adapting your feet.
C.Developing some muscles.
D.Running long distances.
31.What is the benefit of running on sand to women
A.Having no muscle damage.
B.Becoming much healthier.
C.Feeling less painful.
D.Having a good feeling.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。在海滩上跑步肯定是一件好事。海滩的路面是柔软的,这和在人行道上跑步完全不同。文章主要说明了一些在沙滩上跑步需要注意的事项。阅读本文,有利于培养学生用正确方法锻炼身体的意识。
答案及剖析:
28.B　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段第一句可知,沙子移动的表面使得初学者刚开始在沙滩上跑步很困难。故选B。
29.A　词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据下文“It gives your body an extra workout,forcing...during runs on firm surfaces.”可知,是在描述这种不平整的一个好处,可推测画线单词意思为“好处”。故选A。
30.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第四段第二句中的“However,if you’re not used to barefoot...short distances at first.”可知,要避免赤脚跑长距离。故选D。
31.C　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“Women had less myoglobin...such as sand,may reduce muscle damage.”可知,对女性来说,在沙滩上跑步的好处是不那么痛苦。故选C。
D
I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was always an enthusiastic reader,sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties,I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother,the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life.I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local libraries,where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read,using different voices,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
Now,I see my children taking their children to the library and I love it that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
As a novelist,I’ve found a new relationship with libraries.I encourage readers to go to their local libraries when they can’t afford to purchase a book.I see libraries as a safe haven (避风港) for readers and writers,a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.Libraries,in their own ways,help fight book piracy (盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child
A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy.
C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
33.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning”in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Pleasure from working in the library.
B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
34.What does the author call on other writers to do
A.Sponsor book fairs.
B.Write for social media.
C.Support libraries.
D.Purchase her novels.
35.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Reading:A Source of Knowledge
B.My Idea about Writing
C.Library:A Haven for the Young
D.My Love of the Library
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述作者对图书馆的热爱。阅读本文,有利于学生了解图书馆存在的意义。
答案及剖析:
32.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第一段中的“I was always an enthusiastic...through the books...”可推知,小时候,作者与书形影不离。故选C。
33.B　词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据画线短语前的“As I grew older...the library took on a new place”及下文的“I had several children...to read to them.”可知,随着作者年龄的增长,她成为母亲,图书馆在她心里有了新的“地位”,书成了她和孩子们娱乐的主要来源。对他们来说,去图书馆读书是一件令人激动的事情。故an added meaning应是指“在作者家庭中传递的读书的乐趣”。故选B。
34.C　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.”可知,作者呼吁其他作者支持图书馆。故选C。
35.D　标题归纳题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义以及归纳推断的能力。阅读全文可知,“library”是本文的线索,作者描述了她从孩童到为人母,以及作为小说家对图书馆的热爱。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four Everyday Things Hurting Your Health
Your everyday behaviours may be holding you back.However,perhaps you don’t even know it.36.　　　,as well as some expert advice on what to do instead.
37.　　　.It can also decrease your brain’s ability to function,thus resulting in poor performance at work and longer reaction time behind the wheel.Experts recommend practising a relaxing bedtime routine like taking a bath,cutting down on caffeine and alcohol.Another trick is to stick to a consistent sleep schedule.
Studies have shown that sitting for extended periods can have significant negative impacts on physical and mental health.You don’t have to run a marathon to get active,though.Work small exercises into your day,like standing during TV advertisements or parking your car far away from an entrance.38.　　　.
Is it uneasy to lock your cellphone away for a solid 60 minutes Social media isn’t helping,either.Experts recommend deleting social media apps or hiding them.39.　　　,and making a point of doing something to ground you in the present moment each day.
In today’s competitive society,it’s human nature to take on as many tasks as possible.But continuous responsibility and rushing from one job to the next is a bad habit that can lead to eventual burnout.40.　　　,especially those that you have no time to accept.
A.The small can make a huge difference
B.Bad sleep can lead to a variety of harms
C.Good education background isn’t helping
D.This means practising the art of saying “yes”
E.Experts suggest politely turning down invitations
F.Be aware of some habits with a negative impact on your health
G.They also suggest charging your phone outside of your bedroom
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了四件伤害你健康的事情,并给出了专家的建议。阅读本文,有利于培养学生的健康意识。
答案及剖析:
36.F　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据下文“as well as some expert advice on what to do instead(以及一些专家建议)”可知此处为并列关系。本文主要介绍了一些对健康有负面影响的习惯和专家给出的建议。故选F。
37.B　考查学生理解段落大意和识别段落主旨句的能力。根据下文“Experts recommend...
trick is to stick to a consistent sleep schedule.(专家建议,养成放松的睡前习惯,比如洗澡、减少咖啡因和酒精的摄入。另一个诀窍是坚持一贯的睡眠计划。)”可知,专家的建议都是关于睡眠的。即此段主要讲睡眠不好会导致各种伤害。故选B。
38.A　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据前文可知,长时间坐着会对身心健康产生显著的负面影响。不过,不必通过像马拉松一样高强度锻炼来改善,每天做一些小运动即可。A选项中的“The small”指的是“small exercises”。故选A。
39.G　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。段首句“Is it uneasy to lock your cell phone away for a solid 60 minutes (把你的手机锁在外面整整60分钟是不是很不舒服 )”与G选项专家的建议:在卧室外给手机充电相呼应。故选G。
40.E　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据下文“especially those that you have no time to accept(特别是那些你没有时间接受的邀请)”可知这是递进关系。对于没有时间接受的邀请,专家的建议当然是拒绝。故选E。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“Look,Mom,he paints like me!”Eight-year-old Alexandra Nechita had just discovered Pablo Picasso’s artwork for the first time.The art world 　41　 and began to call Alexandra the “Petite(小的) Picasso”.This 　42　 artist has been turning heads in the art world ever since.
Even at age two,Alexandra 　43　 nearly all her time on her colouring books.
　44　 their daughter spent too much time alone,Alexandra’s parents took her colouring books away.They hoped she’d start to jump rope or play with dolls.But taking away her 　45　 was like taking the air out of her life.Alexandra began to colour on paper her mother 　46　 home from office.
When Alexandra was four,her parents began to notice the figures she 　47　.They were abstract and looked like Picasso’s work,with four eyes and two faces.She 　48　 painting with watercolours and then with other paints.
Alexandra’s classmates would sometimes laugh at her paintings.But her 　49　 school teacher saw talent in her drawings.She helped eight-year-old Alexandra organise her first 　50　 at a local library.
Within a year,Alexandra had several other exhibitions.By then,she had 　51　 more than 250 paintings.Her exhibition at the famous Mary Paxon Gallery brought her to the attention of national art critics (评论家).She began to 　52　 on television,in news and talk shows around America.
Today,Alexandra 　53　 paints in her special style.Admirers have spent a large amount of money buying her paintings.But the money doesn’t seem to have affected her negatively (消极地).Through various charities,Alexandra shares her wealth with those 　54　 around the world.And 　55　 Alexandra continues to paint,the world will be blessed to experience more of her love for life and art.
41.A.improved B.agreed
C.waited D.broke
42.A.friendly B.talented
C.worried D.honest
43.A.spent B.forgot
C.remembered D.wasted
44.A.Afraid B.Sure
C.Proud D.Ashamed
45.A.phones B.ropes
C.colours D.dolls
46.A.called B.drove
C.brought D.sent
47.A.drew B.counted
C.explained D.met
48.A.stopped B.started
C.suggested D.avoided
49.A.medical B.high
C.primary D.previous
50.A.conference B.system
C.party D.exhibition
51.A.completed B.used
C.copied D.lost
52.A.appear B.perform
C.shop D.train
53.A.directly B.suddenly
C.still D.seldom
54.A.on holiday B.in power
C.on duty D.in need
55.A.unless B.whether
C.as D.though
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了画画天才Alexandra 的故事。这个孩子刚八岁,画画就像毕加索一样。当她出名后,很多仰慕者购买她的画,她也把卖画的钱用来帮助有需要的人。阅读本文,有利于培养学生乐于助人、积极承担社会责任的意识。
文章脉络
答案及剖析:
41.B　由后文“began to call Alexandra the ‘Petite(小的) Picasso’”可知艺术界同意(agreed)“he paints like me”这一说法。
42.B　Alexandra刚八岁,画画就像毕加索一样,可见是非常有才华的(talented)。
43.A　句意:甚至在Alexandra两岁的时候,她几乎把所有的时间都花在涂色书上。句型spend time/money on sth.表示“花费时间或金钱在某事上”。
44.A　父母担心(Afraid)她独自待的时间太长,所以把涂色书拿走,想让她出去。
45.C　由上文可知,她的父母拿走她的涂色书。但是拿走她的色彩(colours)就像从她的生命里带走空气一样。
46.C　涂色书被拿走后,Alexandra就在她妈妈从办公室带(brought)回家里的纸上画画。
47.A　在Alexandra 四岁的时候,她父母开始注意到她画(drew)的人物像。
48.B　分析选项并结合语意可知,她开始(started)用水彩作画,然后又用其他颜料。
49.C　Alexandra刚八岁,还在上小学。她的小学(primary)老师发现了她的绘画天赋。
50.D　由下文“Alexandra had several other exhibitions.”可知,老师帮助八岁的Alexandra在当地一家图书馆组织了她的第一次展览(exhibition)。
51.A　到她开画展的那个时候,她已经完成了(completed) 250多幅画。
52.A　由于她的展览受到了艺术评论家们的关注,她开始出现(appear)在美国的电视、新闻和脱口秀节目里。
53.C　句意:现在Alexandra仍旧(still)以她独特的风格作画。
54.D　句意:Alexandra与世界各地的那些需要得到帮助的人分享她的财富。in need意为“需要帮助的,穷困的”。
55.C　句意:随着Alexandra继续画画,这个世界将有幸体验到她对生活和艺术更多的热爱。as在此处表示“随着……”。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was walking with a friend yesterday 56.　　　　 I found a cellphone in a pile of snow.I 57.　　　　 (pick) it up and it still worked!I started looking through the name list and dialing numbers to see whether I could figure out whose phone it was.58.　　　　(luck),only one person answered and she didn’t recognise the number.Since that lady didn’t know whose phone it was,my friend suggested that we go back to 59.　　　　 house that we found the cellphone in front of.I knocked on the door and two college-age persons answered.They 60.　　　　(lose) their phones,but as I told them the story and mentioned some 61.　　　　 on the name list,the young man said that he also had those names and it must be the phone of one of their friends.I really didn’t have anything 62.　　　　 (say),because in my mind I was just doing the right thing.I 63.　　　　 (immediate) tried to find the owner,because that is exactly what I would want someone to do if either I or any of my family members lost phones.The purpose of helping others is not for return.64.　　　　 (help) others is more than enough for me and it is the most
65.　　　　 (end) joy of life.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友散步时发现了一部手机,并试图找手机主人的故事。阅读本文,有利于培养学生拾金不昧的品质以及助人为乐的意识。
答案及剖析:
56.when　考查固定句型。此处是句型be doing...when...,意为“正在做……这时……”。
57.picked　考查时态。根据上文的“found”和下文的“worked”可知,此处需要用一般过去时,故用picked。
58.Unluckily　考查副词。修饰整个句子,用副词。
59.the　考查冠词。house后有定语从句修饰,因此用定冠词the表示特指。
60.hadn’t lost　考查时态。根据上下文,应是“他们没有丢手机”;上一句是一般过去时,“没有丢手机”发生在作者去问他们之前,是过去的过去,应用过去完成时;lose是不规则变化动词,过去分词为lost。
61.names　考查名词单复数。根据下文“those names”可知,是一些联系人的名字,name应用复数形式。
62.to say　考查非谓语动词。have something/nothing to do结构用动词不定式作定语。
63.immediately　考查副词。修饰谓语动词tried,用副词。
64.Helping/To help　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填词在句中作主语;此处help是动词,用动名词或动词不定式作句子主语。
65.endless　考查形容词。用形容词修饰名词。
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
最近,你校英语俱乐部将举行一次以“Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful”为题的英语演讲比赛。请你以李华的名义,用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容要点如下:
1.帮助同学——加深友谊;
2.帮助老人——幸福;
3.帮助别人的体会和感悟。
注意:
写作词数应为80左右。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Hello,everyone.I’m Li Hua.Today I am very glad to have the chance to speak about the topic “Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful”.
As we all know,helping each other is an important part of our life.We can gain more from helping others.For example,we can strengthen our friendship when we help our classmates.And we can feel happy when we help old people.
In a word,helping others can promote us and I strongly believe that it will be of great use to build a peaceful and wonderful world.
Thank you for your listening.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last weekend,I went to Mark’s new house nearby a forest for a little get-together.After lunch when I was chatting with him and his wife Cody,he asked me,“Hey,Tom,have you ever been to a secret spot ”Before I could even finish saying no,Cody and Mark were already at the door with their jackets on.And the next moment we were heading out into the forest with a camera,a fishing net and a plastic
bucket (桶).
We walked through the forest along a path by a small river.Breathing the fresh air,we three talked and laughed all the way.
“Hey!What are you guys doing ”someone suddenly shouted from behind.Mark’s and Cody’s eyes immediately widened,and without a word they started running.I had no choice but to follow them,getting my shoes wet and dirty with mud.We probably ran for about 10 minutes before Mark and Cody slowed down.I stopped to catch my breath and asked,“Who was that ”
Mark replied,“The most annoying neighbour ever.If he caught up with us,
there’s no telling what could happen.He is always making fun of us.I dislike him.”We kept walking on for a few more minutes.Then a beautiful lake appeared before our eyes.“Wow!Amazing!”I shouted and could hardly hold back my excitement.The lake was large and the water was deep and blue,looking so peaceful with tall trees around it.
注意:
续写的词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Looking around,we saw a rubber boat floating by the shore.
Paragraph 2:
“Help!Help!Help!”I was so frightened and cried for help.However,none of us could swim.
1.阅读文章,掌握主旨方向。
2.明确写作思路,确定续写内容。
3.汇集故事线索,列出写作要点。
4.优化语言,完善续写逻辑。
　　One possible version:
Looking around,we saw a rubber boat floating by the shore.“How about going boating ”Mark asked.“Good idea.”So we three excitedly jumped onto the boat and rowed far out.I was thrilled to find so many fishes in the lake.Before I could say a word,Mark had cast the fishing net into the water.“Let’s wait and see,”Mark smiled mysteriously.“Look this way.Let me take a photo of you two,”Cody said,taking out the camera.Hearing that,I quickly approached Mark.But all of a sudden I lost my balance and fell into the water.
“Help!Help!Help!”I was so frightened and cried for help.However,none of us could swim.Mark and Cody tried to pull me up from the water but in vain.Struggling in the water,I was almost exhausted when I felt myself lifted by someone.It was
Mark’s neighbour,who followed us there and saw what had happened.Without hesitation,he jumped into the water and I was saved.