八年级上Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation期末复习学案（词汇+语法+句型）

8上Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation
一、词汇拓展
1.bore v. n.令人厌烦\bored adj形容人的\boring adi形容事或物 厌倦的，厌烦的
2. activity(activities)\active adj.积极的，活跃的，有生气的\actively adv.\ more active最高级 most active 3. decide v. 决定；解决；判决\ decision n. 决定，决心；决议
4. paragliding n.高崖跳伞运动；滑翔伞运动\paraglide vi.作伞翔运动
5. trade n. v.贸易，交易；行业；职业\ trader n. 交易者；商人；商船
6. build(built ,built)\building (buildings) n. 建筑；建筑物v. 建筑；建立；增加（build的ing形式） 7. wonder v. 怀疑；想知道；惊讶,琢磨\adj. wonderful奇妙的；极好的
8. different adj. 不同的；个别的，与众不同的\differently adv.不同地；差异；各种\difference n.差异；不同；争执 9. wait\ waited,,waited\waiting 10. like v. 喜欢；想；愿意prep. 像；如同 adj. 同样的；相似的 n. 爱好；同样的人或物\dislike v. n.不喜欢,厌恶(的事)
10. diary n. 日志，日记；日记簿[ 复数 diaries ]
Section A
语法解析
1.go on vacation　去度假　be on vacation在度假期 （go--went）　　　　　
2.go to summer camp　　去夏令营　　eat something\anything at a restaurant　
3.go the mountain 去爬山 read
4. go to the New York City 去纽约
5.go to the Central Park 去中央公园　
6. go shopping去购物
7.stay at home呆在家里 see Huangguoshu Waterfall 看黄果树瀑布
8.study for exams　　为考试而学习　　keep a diary　　　　　　　　　　　
9.wonderful adj. 精彩的；绝妙的
e.g. wonderful idea
The story is wonderful.
Huangguoshu Waterfall is wonderful.
10.few adj.& pron. 不多，很少
a. adj.“几乎没有”，表否定，修饰可数名词的复数形式。
He is new here. He has few friends.
Few man can do it.
b. a few “一些，几个”表示肯定，修饰可数名词的复数
e.g. He has a few friends in his school.
c. quite a few 相当多；不少
e.g. We took quite a few photos there.
pron. (谓语动词用复数)
e.g. Few of them are interested in the film.
　　　Many left, few stayed.
11.most adj. adv. pron. 最多；大多数
adj. 大部分的,大多数的(不加定冠词)；最多的(常与the 连用)
e.g. Who has the most books
　　　Most people think so.
adv. most delicious, most carefully
pron. 意为“大部分；大多数”，常和介词of连用，of后的名词要用冠词、物主代词或指示代词修饰，人称代词要用宾格；most of做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词的单复数情况。
e.g. Most of the apples are big.
Most of the apple is bad.
I stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.
12.too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.
too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。
We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much.
much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。
The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast.
分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。
too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。
13.buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物
14. seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today. But no one seemed to be bored.
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold
I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe you.
seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea.
15. nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有
The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.
16. 复合不定代词的用法：
some-, any-, every-, no-与-one, -body, -thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。复合不定代词主要有someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, none, nobody, nothing.
(1) 复合不定代词做主语时，都看做单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
(2) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时，需将形容词置后。
(3) some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句；any-类不定代词主要用于否定句，疑问句或条件句。
(4) some-类复合不定代词用于疑问句时，表示期望得到肯定回答；any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时，表示“任何…”之意
(5) 除no one以外，其他复合不定代词都写成一个词。
17. anyone pron. 任何人
a. 常用在疑问句、否定句和条件句中，用来代替someone.
e.g. Did anyone see him
I didn’t see anyone in the room.
b. 若强调指“任何人”则anyone也可用于肯定句。
e.g. Yon can ask anyone for help.
c. anyone作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. Is anyone listening to me go out with someone \anyone
d. anyone如果被形容词修饰时，形容词要后置。
e.g. Did you see anyone famous meet someone \anyone interesting
anywhere pron. 在任何地方
a. 多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中，肯定句中常用somewhere.
e.g. I can’t see it anywhere.
I look around the station but couldn’t see my friends anywhere.
Would you like to go anywhere
b. anywhere用在肯定句中意为“在随便什么地方”
e.g. Sit anywhere you like.
c. 被形容词修饰时，形容词必须后置。
e.g. Did you go anywhere interesting
18. something pron. 某事，某物
主要用于肯定句和征求意见的疑问句中，在否定和疑问句中通常用anything
buy something \anything special do something \anything interesting
e.g. I would like something to drink.
Would you like something to eat
I bought something for my father.
nothing pron. 没有什么，没有一样东西
相当于not anything，当形容词修饰时，形容词后置，做主语时谓语动词用单数。
e.g. I bought nothing.
　　　There is nothing in the box.
　　　There is nothing new in today’s newspaper.
everyone pron. 每人，人人，所有人
用来指人，不能与of短语连用，谓语动词常用单数
e.g. Everyone likes her.
　　　Did everyone have a good time
19. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves
反身代词，做宾语，表语，同位语（起强调作用）
e.g. I can look after myself.
We enjoyed ourselves.
I bought something for my parents, but nothing for myself.
　　Why didn’t you buy anything for yourself
20. hen n. 母鸡
e.g. We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs on the farm. pig n.猪 pork 猪肉
三、重点句型
Where did you go on vacation I went to New York City.
Did you go out with anyone No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.
Did you buy anything special Yes, I bought something for my father.
How was the food Everything tasted really good.
Did everyone have a good time Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.
Long time no see. It was my first time there. Buy for now.
Everything was excellent. Everyone had a great time. Everything tasted good.
We went fishing, but we didn’t get any fish. Everyone was on vacation.
Section B
start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework.
We wanted to walk to the top,but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.
但以下几种情况不能用begin .
创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.
机器开动： I can’t start my car.
出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.
23. over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than
My father is over 40 years old.
在…之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.
超过： I hear the news over the radio.
遍及： I want to travel all over the world.
1. activity n. 活动
e.g. There are many activities in our school.
What activities do you find enjoyable
2. decide v. 决定；选定
decide to do sth 决定做某事
e.g. We decided to go to the beach near our hotel.
We decided not to play games.
decide+特殊疑问词+动词不定式
e.g. Mike can’t decide where to go on vacation.
decision n. 决心；决定 make a decision 决定；下决心
make a decision to do sth
3. try v. &n. 尝试；设法；努力
v.
e.g. Did you try this way
try to do sth 表示尽力/设法做某事，强调付出一定的努力或想方设法的去完成
try doing sth表示尝试着做某事，不一定付出很大努力
e.g. He tried to climb the tree.他设法爬上树。
He tried climbing the tree. 他试着爬上那棵树。
try one’s best 尽力
e.g. I will try my best to finish the work..
n. 常用于短语have a try
e.g. Let me have a try.
4. paragliding n. 滑翔运动
e.g. He goes paragliding in his free time.
Let me tell you something about paragliding.
My sister and I tried paragliding.
5. feel like
觉得好像…后跟名词或句子
e.g. The test only took ten minutes, but I felt like ten hours
I felt like I was a bird.
feel like还可以表示“想做某事” like后接名词或动名词
e.g. He didn’t feel like going to work.
6. bird n. 鸟
e.g. There are thirteen birds in the tree.
How many birds are there in the tree
I felt like I was a bird.
7. bicycle n. 自行车，脚踏车 (ride--rode)
e.g. In the afternoon, we rode bicycles to Georgetown.
8. building n. 建筑物，房子
e.g. There are a lot of new buildings now, but many of the old buildings are still there.
9. trader n. 商人
e.g. We saw the houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago.
10. wonder v. 想知道；琢磨；惊讶；惊叹
a. 后接about/at
e.g. She wondered at her teacher’s good English.
b. 后接that从句
e.g. I don’t wonder that he failed English.
c. 后接who, what. how等引导的宾语从句
e.g. I wondered why she went out during the lesson.
I wonder what life was like here in the past.
我想知道过去这里的生活是怎样的。
d. 后接疑问词+不定式
e.g. I’m wondering how to open the box.
e. wonderful adj. 极好的，精彩的
11. difference n. U &C different adj.
e.g. I don’t know the difference between the twins.
What a difference a day makes!
　多么千变万化的一天啊！（一天竟如此不同）
12. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 I really enjoyed walking around the town.
13.want to do sth.想去做某事\ want sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事\want sth.
would like to do sth.想去做某事\would like sb. to do sth 想要某人做某事\would like sth
13. op n. 顶部；表面 at /on the top of…在…的顶部
e.g. Write your name at the top.
We wanted to walk up to the top of the hill.
Tom is standing at the top of the hill.
14. a little
a. 作代词，a little 在句中可作主语或宾语。
e.g. I only know a little of the film.
b. 作形容词时，a little 用来修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义，意为“一点；少许”
　　　e.g. There is a little milk in the bottle.
c. 作副词时，a little可以修饰形容词或副词的原级及比较级，表示程度
e.g. Then I started raining a little.
Please walk a little fast.
15. wait v. 等待，等候
不及物动词，接宾语时，后要加介词for，即wait for
　　　e.g. We wait over an hour for the train.
　　　 Mr. Smith is waiting for you.
　　　can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事
　　　e.g. Tina can’t wait to go home.
16. umbrella n. 伞，雨伞
e.g. We didn’t have an umbrella.
17. wet adj. 湿的，潮湿的，下雨的 反义词dry
e.g. We didn’t have an umbrella so we were wet and cold.
It is raining outside！Put on your raincoat, or you’ll get wet.
18. because 连词，用于引导原因状语从句或回答以why开头的问句，表示直接原因。
e.g. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.
because of 介词短语，其后不能接句子，其后应接名词，代词，名词性短语或动名词等。
e.g. And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.
e.g. My grandpa was in hospital because of his illness.
My grandpa was in hospital because he was ill.
19 below
a. prep. (指数量、程度等)在…下面；低于
below zero 零度以下 below ten dollars 低于10美元
(指位置) 在…下面；到…下面
below the sea level 低于海平面
The plane is flying below the clouds.
b. adv. 在下面；到下面；在下方
e.g. Look at the pictures below.
Please write to me at the address below.
20. enough
a. adj. 足够的；充分的；充足的 修饰名词时，可以置于名词前，也可以置于名词后。
e.g. My father didn’t bring enough money.
Two days are enough for the job.
b. adv. 足够地，修饰形容词或副词，只可以放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后。当后面跟动词时，常构成enough to do sth. 足够做某事
e.g. She is old enough to go to school.
I ran fast enough to catch the bus.
21. hungry adj. 饥饿的 反义词full
e.g. The food tasted great because I was so hungry.
The hungry boy ate all the bread.
22. as
a. prep 当作；作为
e.g. He works as a farmer.
b. as…as 和…一样 前一个as 是副词后一个as 是连词，中间为形容词或副词原级。其否定形式为
not as/so…as
e.g. You are as strong as I.
　　　Li Lei doesn’t run as fast as Lin Tao.
　　　She sings as well as her sister.
　　　The box is not as /so heavy as that one.
　　　The next day was not as good as Monday.
　　c. 当…时候
　　 e.g. I saw him as he was getting on the bus.
You can spend time with your friends and family as you play sports together.
23. duck n. 鸭；鸭肉
e.g. There are many ducks in the lake.
I like eating duck with orange sauce.
24 dislike v.&n.
e.g. Mike dislikes math.
I dislike getting up early
We should remember her likes and dislikes.
25. That’s not all. 不止如此；不止这些
e.g. That’s not all! We also didn’t bring enough money.
26. another +基数词+可数名词复数 / 基数词+more+可数名词复数 另外的…
e.g. Then we walked for another two hours before we got to the top.
We waited another three weeks.
We waited three more weeks.
27. keep doing sth. 一直做某事;继续做某事
e.g. Please keep reading this book.
My classmates told me to keep going.
28. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事/forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 \ stop to do sth停止去做另一事
　　45. Why not do. sth. 为什么不做……呢？
　　46. so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于……
think of 考虑·····；认为······（在疑问句中常和what搭配使用）
=How…like… 　　
Lei Feng always thought of others. 雷锋总是考虑别人/处处为别人着想。　　
What do you think of your summer vacation \How do you like your summer vacation
\How do you feel about your summer vacation你认为你的暑假怎么样？　　　　
47. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事
　My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on.　
walk around the town 49.along the way 50. learn something important
go to the country 52. bring back something 53. jump up and down in excitement
come up 55.the last five hours 56. in the past 57. In the shopping center
58. a bag with some food and water
重点句型　
1.They were very expensive,but I did buy something for my best friend.
2. I loved their home cooking.　　3. What a difference a day makes!
4. We waited a long time for train and we were wet and cold because we forgot to bring an umbrella. 5. I was quite tired, but the city looked wonderful from the top of the hill.
6. After three hours,someone looked at the map and foud out we weren’t anywhere near the top.
7. My legs was so tired that I wanted to stop.