人教版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Grammar定语从句1 课件（60张ppt)

(共60张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
什么叫定语---限定或修饰名词的词或短语叫定语，一般由形容词或介词短语等作定语。
E.g. a tree
a light
a gas
a bike
the students
tall
bright
smelly
under the tree
in the classroom
定语从句
什么叫定语从句—
什么叫先行词—
定语从句的位置—
用句子作定语
被定语从句修饰的词
一般在先行词的后面
E.g.
A: The man sells vegetables.
B: He lives next to us.
↓
who
lives next to us
The man sells vegetables.
who lives next to us
先行词
定语从句
关系词
包含关系代词和关系副词
作用：
@充当成分 ：做主、宾、定、状成分
@代替先行词：指代上词内容
@引导定语从句：连接主句和从句，相当于一连词
This is the best film that I have seen.
that
关系词
who, whom , which , that ,whose (= of which), as
when（时间）, where（地点）,
why（原因）。
作状语
定语从句的位置
定语从句一定放在被修饰句词或代词后面。
eg. This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词
定语从句
Do you know the man who spoke just now
关系代词
先行词
关系代词
My sister who is twenty works in a bank.
The man who came here yesterday has come again.
My wife who is in Shanghai will come
back next week.
先行词
关系代词
先行词
关系代词
先行词
关系代词
啥时用关系代词
啥时用关系副词呀！！！
选用关系词，需要看两点：
看关系词在从句中充当的成分。
做主语，宾语，表语
做状语用
关系代词
关系副词
做定语用
关系形容词（whose)
指代内容 所做成分 是否可省略
who
whom
which
that
whose
关系代词的用法
人；物
人
人
(人/物)的
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
宾语
定语
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
可省
不可省
物；句子
The man_________ has a positive attitude will succeed.
who/that
The girl ___________ is sitting in the corner behaves well.
who/that
This is the person _________________ I talked to just now.
(whom/who/that)
This is the person to ________ I talked just now.
介词后的whom不可省略
of, to, from, about...介词后的关系代词只能用whom（指人） 和 which（指物）。
whom
Thinking is the key ________ opens the doors of the world.
which/that
The house ______________ I’m going to buy faces south.
They’re talking about the film ________ I have seen.
(which/that)
(which/that)
I have many friends _______________
I send postcards to before their birthday.
I have many friends to ________ I send
postcards before their birthday.
(who / whom/ that)
whom
Don’t expect people to do things ________ you wouldn’t do yourself.
which/that
Jane has borrowed the book _________ was written by Laoshe.
which/that
The girl ________ father had given us a report got first.
That’s the man ______________ house was burned down ).
whose
whose
That’s the machine ____________ parts are too small to see.
whose
指代内容 所做成分 是否可省略
who
whom
which
that
whose
Summary:关系代词的用法
人；物
人
人
(人/物)的
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
宾语
定语
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
可省
不可省
物;句子
* 定语从句不用 that的情况：
1. 后不可用 that，只能用which或者who
2. 介词后（about, from, to, of, in......）
指物用：
指人用：
which
whom
★围绕高考来释难
1、Do you have anything __you want to say for yourself
2、This is the very book __I’m looking for.
3、This is the best __has been used against pollution.
4、What is the first American film __you have seen
5、I know the things and persons__he referred to.
6、Which is the bike__you lost
7、They secretly built up a small factory which produced things__could cause pollution
只用that的情况：
1.当先行词是不定代词all much.little.something.
everything.anything.nothing.none.the one时
2.当先行词前面有only.any.few. little.no.
very等词修饰时
3.当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形
容词最高级修饰时
4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时
5.当先行词既有人又有物时
6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时
7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用
which，另外一个宜用that
反之，如果一个用that另一个用which
1.He was the only person in his office____ was invited.
A whom
B whose
C that
D which
Practice:
2.Charlie told his mother all ____had happened.
A that
B what
C which
D who
Tom is the first boy _____left the room.
Look at the boy and his dog _____are coming this way.
You can read any book _____I have.
that
that
that
______the bike he has been repaired
A.Does B.Has C.Was D.Is
The watch __________mother bought yesterday is very nice.
(that/which)
B
1. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me.
2. There is no difficulty ____ can’t be overcome in the world.
3.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
4. He keeps a record of everything ____ he had seen there.
5. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _____ I have watched this year.
(that)
that
(that)
(that)
(that)
Now finish the following exercises
6.Tell us about the people and the places ____ are different from ours.
7. This is the very thing _______ I am after.
8. Who is the person _____ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower
9. Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth
that
(that)
that
that
1 Complete each sentence using that,
which, who or whose. Then translate the
sentences into Chinese with your partners.
1. Here are my neighbors ______ home
was destroyed by the earthquake.
2. The terrible shaking of the building
woke up all the people _______ were
asleep.
whose
who
3. The next day people put up shelters in
open air made with anything ______
they could find.
4. Several days later most of the buildings
_______ had been damaged were repaired.
5. This frightened boy ______ mother was
lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
that
that
whose
6. We went to see our teacher _______
husband lost his life in the earthquake.
7. “Is this young man _____ saved several
people trapped under buildings ” she
asked.
8. A number of children ________ parents
had died in the quake were sent to live
with families in other cities.
whose
who
whose
1. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece
of cloth ___________ gives off light in the
dark. (2019·浙江卷·语法填空)
that/ which
2. The students benefitting most from college are those _______ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life. (2019·北京卷·语法填空)
who
3. They were well trained by their masters
______ had great experience with caring
for these animals. (2019·新课标Ⅲ卷·语法
填空)
who
什么叫关系副词—
(常见的关系副词3个– )
引导定语从句的副词
where,
when,
why
This is the factory.
I worked in it ten years ago.
1. 关系副词where
↓
which
This is the factory which I worked in ten years ago.
This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago.
I worked there ten years ago.
where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词, 并在定语从句中作_________,
相当于“介词 + _________ (which)”。
This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.
in which
地点状语
关系代词
where引导的定语从句也可以修饰case, condition, situation, instance等先行词。
e.g. There are cases where this rule
does not hold good (正确；适用).
Can you think of a situation
where this word can be used
2. 关系副词when
The days are gone forever.
We lived together happily during those days.
The days when we lived together happily are gone forever.
which
The days during which we lived together happily are gone forever
when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的
名词, 在定语从句中作 _________, 相当
于“介词 + _________ (which)”。
时间状语
关系代词
There are many reasons.
People like traveling for them.
3. 关系副词why
why引导的定语从句修饰先行词 reason, 在从句中作原因状语, 相当于“for + which”。
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
which
There are many reasons which people like travelling for.
There are many reasons for which people like travelling.
在the reason why … 结构中，why引
导定语从句，它也可以换为for
which。在从句中做原因状语。
2. 如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从
句中做主语、宾语、表语等时，则用
that或which。
3. the reason is that … 结构中，只能用
that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影
响，误用because。
The relative adverb Referring to Function in the clause
when ( = at/ in/ on/… + which)
where ( = in/ at/… + which)
why ( = for + which)
time
adverbial of time
place
reason
adverbial of place
adverbial of reason
Elias had some messages for his
friends. Please help him complete
the sentences.
The mines why I got a job was the 5th of
August.
The reason where I worked was because of
my hard work.
The time when I joined the were 9 km from
ANC Youth League my home.
The government
building where we voted was late at
night.
The date when I arrived was very tall.
1. Beijing is the place _______________ I was born.
2. Is this the reason ______________ he refused our offer
3. I will never forget the day _________
______ I first met you on the seashore.
4. There are occasions ______________ one must yield.
where (in which)
why (for which)
when (on
which)
when (on which)
Fill in the blanks.
n. 场合; 时机 on … occasion: 在 …… 时刻/场合
Preposition + which
Preposition + whom
We could expect good decisions from you. We thought you were such a person.
We thought you were such a person from whom we could expect good decisions.
prep.
object of preposition
prep.
relative pronoun
Study and Observe
You were to buy dog food with the money. The money is gone.
The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.
prep.
object of preposition
prep.
relative pronoun
We use a preposition to begin an attributive clause when the relative pronoun (which or whom) is the object of the preposition.
当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，我们用介词+关系代词(whom或 which)引导定语从句。如果指人，用介词+whom；如果指物，用介词+which。
A. This is the boy _____ whom I played
tennis yesterday.
How to choose the right prepositions
Find out which verb the preposition is
used with. For example:
B. He is the man _____ whom you should
give your thanks.
with
to
A. The farm ___ which we worked ten
years ago isn’t what it used to be.
2. Find out which noun or pronoun the
clause modifies. For example:
B. This is the tree ______ which we
used to play games.
on
under
3. Find out the meaning of the clause.
For example:
The pen ______ which he is writing
now was bought yesterday.
B. The gas _______ which we can not
live is called oxygen.
(He is writing with the pen.)
(We can not live without the gas.)
with
without
当关系代词做listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等不能拆开的短语动词的宾语时, 在定语从句中一般不宜将介词提前。
e.g. This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
Complete the following sentences
using “preposition +which/ whom”.
1. This is the rock ___________ the boy fell down into the sea.
2. The film star ___________ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.
3. The West Lake _________ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.
4. The subject ________ Xiao Wang is good is physics.
from which
about whom
for which
at which
5. The reason _________ he could not go there was that his grades was too low.
6. The professor __________ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.
7. Could you tell me the day ________ you arrived
8. I will treasure the days ______________ I lived here.
with whom
on which
in which/during
for which
1. The person with whom ______ (我和他住在一起) was a good friend of mine.
2. The house in which ____________ (我居住的) was far away from my work.
3. The company for which ________ (我工作的) was founded five years ago.
I lived
I was staying
I worked
Complete the following sentences using attributive clause.
4. The address to which _______________
____ (我的信件被发送到的) was in South Africa.
5. The team for which _____________ (我为 之做研究的) is the best in China.
6. The scientist from whom ________ (我向 他学习的) never lost heart when he was in trouble.
my letters were
I did research
I learned
sent
本课时涉及的要点是以where, when,
why, 介词+which, 介词+whom引导的
定语从句的用法。
时间 when = in/at/on … which
地点 where = at/in … which
原因 why = for … which
“when” means “at that time”,
“where” means “at that place”,
“why” is used after the word “reason”.
I. 用关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”将下面两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句。
1. He came last night. I was out at that time.
2. The place was a thick forest. The prince
met Emily there.
He came last night _________________
_____________.
The place _______________________
__________ was a thick forest.
where/in which the prince
met Emily
when/at which I
was out
3. Tom refused to tell us the reason. He left
his job for that reason.
4. The person died three years ago. This
letter was addressed to him.
Tom refused to tell us the reason ______
_____________________.
The person _________________ was addressed died three years ago.
for which he left his job
to whom this letter
why/