2023届高考英语复习知识点-虚拟语气学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语复习知识点-虚拟语气学案（无答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-16 22:09:41 | ||
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虚拟语气
【知识清单】
一、条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：
If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.
如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：
If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.
如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。
（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。
二、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其主句与从句中谓语动词的形式列表如下：
假设类型 从句 主句 例句
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实可能相反
练习：
1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.
A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know
2、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.
A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came
3、__________, I should ask them some questions.
A. If they should come to us B. If they come to us
C. If they were come to us D. If they had come to us
4、__________ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.
A. If I realized B. If I had realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized
三、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反 主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反 助动词过去式+动词原形—与将来事实相反
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)
2、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：
It’s time (that) you had a haircut.
It’s high time (that) we took some actions
练习：
1. I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I .
A. can B. could C. had D. speak
2. “What will you do during the summer holidays ”
“I don't know, but it's about time on something.”
A. I'm deciding B. I'll decide C. I decided D. I'd decided
3. I wish you interrupt（打断）when I'm talking on the phone.
A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
1. 省掉if的条件从句结构：
Had you asked me, I would have told you.
= ____________________________________________________
表格：
从句结构 省略结构
If+主语+had+过去分词 Had+主语+过去分词
If+主语+were to+动词原形 Were+主语+ to+动词原形
If+主语+should+动词原形 Should+主语+动词原形
2. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
练习：
1. today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday
A. Were we leaving B. If we leave
C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave
2. _______ I known it, I would have told you.
A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having
【课后练习】
1. If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.
A. be B. was C. were D. am
2. I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak with French accents.
A. don't B. will not C. mustn't D. wouldn't
3. If they had known him, to him
A. would they have talked B. would they talk
C. had they talked D. they would talk
4. If I lived in the city, I travel in crowded buses, but I to see lots of films.
A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able
C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able
5. I would have gone to the concert, if I time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
6. I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I there.
A. went B. was C. were D. had been
7. It is high time we drug trafficking.(贩毒)
A. did away with B. do away with
C. did away D. should do away with
【知识清单】
一、条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：
If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.
如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：
If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.
如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。
（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。
二、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其主句与从句中谓语动词的形式列表如下：
假设类型 从句 主句 例句
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实可能相反
练习：
1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.
A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know
2、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.
A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came
3、__________, I should ask them some questions.
A. If they should come to us B. If they come to us
C. If they were come to us D. If they had come to us
4、__________ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.
A. If I realized B. If I had realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized
三、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反 主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反 助动词过去式+动词原形—与将来事实相反
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)
2、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：
It’s time (that) you had a haircut.
It’s high time (that) we took some actions
练习：
1. I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I .
A. can B. could C. had D. speak
2. “What will you do during the summer holidays ”
“I don't know, but it's about time on something.”
A. I'm deciding B. I'll decide C. I decided D. I'd decided
3. I wish you interrupt（打断）when I'm talking on the phone.
A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
1. 省掉if的条件从句结构：
Had you asked me, I would have told you.
= ____________________________________________________
表格：
从句结构 省略结构
If+主语+had+过去分词 Had+主语+过去分词
If+主语+were to+动词原形 Were+主语+ to+动词原形
If+主语+should+动词原形 Should+主语+动词原形
2. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
练习：
1. today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday
A. Were we leaving B. If we leave
C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave
2. _______ I known it, I would have told you.
A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having
【课后练习】
1. If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.
A. be B. was C. were D. am
2. I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak with French accents.
A. don't B. will not C. mustn't D. wouldn't
3. If they had known him, to him
A. would they have talked B. would they talk
C. had they talked D. they would talk
4. If I lived in the city, I travel in crowded buses, but I to see lots of films.
A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able
C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able
5. I would have gone to the concert, if I time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
6. I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I there.
A. went B. was C. were D. had been
7. It is high time we drug trafficking.(贩毒)
A. did away with B. do away with
C. did away D. should do away with