名词性从句
【导入】
“两步法”突破名词性从句
第一步 识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从
句、同位语从句。
第二步 分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用 that；表示疑问“是否”用 if 或 whether；
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词；
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if、whether、because、as if 等)的用法及 that 引导同位
语从句与定语从句的区别。
技巧 1 关注连接代词 what 的用法
1. (2021 全国新高考Ⅰ卷) _______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【解析】引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，应填 what，位于句首，首字母要大写。考查名词性从句。
【答案】What
what 可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词
性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“……所……的”，相当于一个先行词后接
一个关系代词。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。
1. （2020·浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered
from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
2. 【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
技巧 2 关注连接副词的用法
1.(2015 全国Ⅱ卷)…the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _____ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make
the cycle work on most days.
【解析】因 figure out(弄明白；计算出)后是一个句子，应为宾语从句；引导宾语从句，并能修饰形容词(thick)
的，只能是连接副词 how，how thick 意为“多厚”。
【答案】how
引导名词性从句的连接副词有 when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever 等，它们均在从句中作状语。
I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道她何时回来。
I've been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.
他无论去哪儿父母都担心。
1. 【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
2. 【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
技巧 3 关注同位语从句
1 . Others praise the fact ______ campus canteens launching delivery services can save students’ time..
【解析】空后是一个结构和意义完整的句子，故填连词 that，引导同位语从句，解释说明 fact 的内容。
【答案】that
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名词被称作先行
词。
1. 同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句的连接词主要有 that, whether, why, who, where, how, when 等。在同位语从句中 that, whether 不
作成分，that 无实际意义，whether 表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。
引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。
There’s some doubt whether John will come on time. 对约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。
2. 可跟同位语从句的名词
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：
advice 建议 belief 信念 fact 事实 hope 希望 idea 主意 news 消息 opinion 观点 order 命令 promise
诺言 question 问题 reply 答复 report 报道 thought 想法 truth 事实 warning 警告
The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion.
地球为什么变得越来越暧这一问题仍在讨论之中。
3. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。
4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是 idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt,
truth, possibility, promise, order 等抽象意义的名词, 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分
或是整个主句。
（2）从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制, 相当于一个形容词。
而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释, 相当于一个名词。
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）
（第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）
（同位语从句，that 在句中不作任何成分）
（3）从连接词和所作成分上区别
同位语从句中 that 只起连接作用, 不作任何成分，不能省略。
定语从句 中 that 起连接作用，充当宾语、主语或表语。作宾语时可以省略。
how, whether, what 可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。
1.【2019·新课标 I 卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across
the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work
to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
技巧 4 区别 whoever，whatever, whomever, whichever 与 who，what，whom，
which
1.. 【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded _______to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，
宾语从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选 C。
【答案】C
1.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
2.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
基础夯实
考点一 主语从句
连 从 that, whether, 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。但一般Your support is important to our
接 属 if 不可省略。if 不可以引导位于句首的主语从work.Whateveryou can do helps.你的支持
词 连 句。 对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情
词 都会有所帮助。
连 what, who, who（ever）和 what（ever）在从句中作主
接 whose, 语、宾语或表语；which（ever）在从句中
代 which, 作主语、宾语；what, which, whose 在从句
词 whatever, 中作定语。
whichever,
whoever 等
连 how, when, 在从句中作状语。
接 where, why 等
副
词
it 作①It＋系动词＋形容词（necessary/likely/important/certain 等）It occurred to him thathe had an important
形 ＋that 从句 conference to attend the next morning. 他突
式 ②It＋系动词＋名词（短语）（a pity/a shame/no wonder 等）＋然想到，第二天上午他有一个重要的会议
主 that 从句 要参加。
语 ③It＋be＋过去分词（said/told/reported 等）＋that 从句
④It＋动词（短语）（seem/occur to/happen to sb./...）＋that 从
句
考点二 宾语从句
连 接从属连that, whether, if The gold medal will be awarded towhoeverwins the
词 词 first place in the bicycle race.这块金牌将颁发给这场
连接代what, who, whose, which, whatever,自 行车比赛中获得第一名的人。
词 whichever, whoever 等
连接副how, when, where, why, wherever,
词 whenever 等
it 作①动词（find/feel/think/consider/make 等）＋it＋宾I havemade it a rule thatI keep diaries.写日记成了我
形 式补（形容词或名词）＋that 从句 的惯例。
宾语 ②动词（hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy 等）＋it
＋that 从句
③动词短语（see to/depend on/rely on 等）＋it＋
that 从句
④固定搭配（take it for granted/owe it to sb.等）
+that 从句
考点三 表语从句
连 从属连that, whether This iswhatmy father has taught me—to
接 词 always face difficulties and hope for the best.这
词 连接代what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever,是 我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难并寄予
词 whoever 等 最大的希望。
连接副how, when, where, why, wherever, whenever 等
词
as if/as as if/as though 意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟At that time, it seemedas thoughI couldn’t
though 在系动词（be 动词 ,seem, appear, look, taste, sound, think of the right word.当时，我似乎怎么也想
feel, smell 等）之后。若表语从句所述的是与客观事不出一个恰当的字眼来。
实相反的情况,从句常用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或
是极可能发生的情况,从句常用陈述语气。
连 because This/That/It is+because 引导的表语从句（表原因）“这From space, the earth looks blue. This
接 /那是因为……” isbecauseabout seventy-one percent of its
词 surface is covered by
water.从太空中看,地球看起来是蓝色的。这
是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖
着。
考点四 同位语从句
连 接同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该The manager put forward a
词 名词的具体内容。其连接词主要有 that, whether, why, who, where, how, suggestionthatwe should have
when 等。在同位语从句中,that 和 whether 不作句子成分,that 无实际意an assistant. There is too much
义,whether 表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作work to do.
一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
常 跟advice, fact, doubt, suggestion, hope, demand, conclusion, idea, news, 经理提出了一个建议,我们应该
同 位order, request, thought, word, wish, promise, truth, information, message, 有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
语 从belief, report, desire, problem, possibility 等。
句 的
名词
易错提示
1.that 和 what 引导的名词性从句的区别
that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何含义；而 what 引导名词性从句时，在从句
中充当一定的句子成分，有实际含义。
It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
真遗憾，他犯了这样一个错误。
I will do what I can （do） to help him.
我将尽我所能帮助他。
2.whether 与 if 引导的名词性从句的区别
1）whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但 if 引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用 it
作形式主语。
Whether it is true remains a question.
这是否真实依然是个问题。
It is unknown if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。
2）whether 与 if 引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换，但是如果直接与 or not 连用或用于介词后时，
只能用 whether。
We don’t know whether or not she was ready.
我们不知道她是否准备好了。
I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。
3）whether 可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而 if 不可以。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是它是否值得去做。
He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.
他经常问我这项工作是否值得去做的问题。
技巧点拨
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
2.Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and
more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
3.It is by no means clear __________ the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality.
A. what B. how C. whether D. which
4.— The designers are over the moon. What’s up
—They’ve reached an agreement on __________ the bonuses are to be divided later.
A. why B. how C. where D. when
5.______ makes our school famous is ______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.
A．What; that B．Which; because C．That; what D．What; because
6.once-great cities fell into ruins.
A．What B．Why C．Whether D．That
7.People may think that dinosaurs were big, green with hard skin covering their bodies. But in fact, it seems that
dinosaurs appeared very different from________ we think.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
8.Air pollution is a big problem. I wonder ______ we can do about it.
A．whether B．what C．how D．that
9.________ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various festivals and sports,
________ many students to our school.
A．It： draw B．Which： draw C．What： draws D．As： draws
10.________ students do at the college matters much more than where they travel.
A．Which B．Where C．What D．When
11.Believe it or not, your parents have experienced ________you have experienced as children and teenagers.
A．how B．which C．what D．that
12.More than 100 students have entered for the competition, and________ gains the most points will be the winner.
A．anyone B．the one C．who D．whoever
13.It’s unwise to leave________ can be life’s most important decision—future career—entirely to luck.
A．which B．that C．what D．how
14.Jenny has got________ it takes to be a good actress. In other words, she has the potential to become famous.
A．what B．when C．that D．how
Ⅱ、语法填空
15.Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ______is
so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
16.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and
more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
17.Another benefit of exercise is ______it will improve your body's immune system, making you better prepared to
fight off infection.
18.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far
south as James Bay in Canada.
19.It is possible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
20.Have you ever wondered ______ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or
computer or even pencil and paper
21.Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to the club and
______ “ his quick adaptation to La Liga (西甲) has surprised many people”.
22.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us
insight into ______ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.
23.______ I like the most are the traditional wet markets, restaurants offering various dishes and the numerous
cultural activities that are available there.
24.It also raises questions about ______ European governments are doing enough to keep up and care for such
buildings.
25.The ideal nap depends on______ you want from that nap．
26.The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling ______they helped people in need.
27.Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and hopefully with time， the person won't be able to
remember ______ he is supposed to forget.
28.There will be challenges ahead, however, which is ______we are fully preparing for all possibilities.
29.If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes______ the piano that
accompanies her for more than a decade looks like.
30.I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes, ______ is left isn’t enough for my designs.
31.______we feed our bodies feeds our eyes.
32.The ideal nap depends on ______ you want from that nap.
33.Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are ______you eat!
34.But it's not the fact_______0nly people with bad handwriting are attracted to the medical field.
35.I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “I couldn’t imagine______it is like to lose your home
and everything that you know and the powerful effect the hurricane had on those people.
Ⅲ、完形填空
Yungang Grottoes (石窟) in Datong, Shanxi Province, are a world cultural heritage (遗产) site with a history
that 1． (go) back more than 1,500 years. In Yungang’s 45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes, roughly
59,000 figures of the Buddha, 2． (be) a priceless treasure of human culture.
3．because of the effects of climate change and natural disasters, the grottoes face damage year after year.
Thanks to 4． (advance) digital technology, researchers are busy “duplicating” (复制) the Yungang Grottoes in an
attempt to preserve the precious cultural relics (遗物). Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the
researchers5． (digital) record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes and later
reproduce6．by using 3D printing technology.
The new technology could enable more people7． (access) the cultural relics despite the distance. In June, 2020,
the Zhejiang University Cultural Relics Research Institute and Yungang Grottoes Research Institute together
“copied and pasted” Cave No. 12 of the Yungang Grottoes for an8． (exhibit) in Hangzhou, in which is the world’s
first 3D-printed 1:1 “copy” of a grotto.
These Yungang9． (researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage.
It is hoped10．the new digitalized technologies will facilitate the “rebirth” of the cultural relics, and bring them to
more places worldwide.
Ⅲ、作文
最近，一位叫“何同学”的大学生用英语采访苹果 CEO 蒂姆 库克（Tim Cook）的视频火了,其中他流利的英
语和自信的态度给大家留下了深刻印象。假如你是李华，请给“何同学” （Mr. He）写一封英文求助信，希
望他能推荐一些英语口语的高效训练方法。
内容：
1.视频对年轻人的影响：
2.求助的内容；
3.表示感谢。
注意；
1.写作词数为 80 左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
Dear Mr. He,
How is everything going
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
真题演练
【2022 年】
1（2022 新高考 II 卷）“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”
2（2022 年浙江 1 月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______
she could do so remotely.
【2021 年】
1. (2021 年新高考全国 1 卷语法填空)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The
Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The
rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
【2020 年】
1. （2020·江苏卷）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
2. （2020·天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had
said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
3. （2020·浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered
from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【2019 年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human
body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
2.【2019·新课标 I 卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across
the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
3.【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【2018 年】
1.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
2.【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
3.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
4.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【2017 年】
1.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
2.【2017·北京】Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
3.【2017·江苏】 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to
charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
4.【2017·天津】She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
5.【2017·新课标 II 卷】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in
my life.
【2016 年】
1.【2016·北京】Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever
2.【2016·北京】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
3.【2016·江苏】It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C. as D. that
4.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work
to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
学习评价：
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________名词性从句
【导入】
“两步法”突破名词性从句
第一步 识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从
句、同位语从句。
第二步 分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用 that；表示疑问“是否”用 if 或 whether；
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词；
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if、whether、because、as if 等)的用法及 that 引导同位
语从句与定语从句的区别。
技巧 1 关注连接代词 what 的用法
1. (2021 全国新高考Ⅰ卷) _______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【解析】引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，应填 what，位于句首，首字母要大写。考查名词性从句。
【答案】What
what 可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词
性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“……所……的”，相当于一个先行词后接
一个关系代词。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。
1. （2020·浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered
from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而
更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代
词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填 what。
【答案】what
2. 【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方式，when 表时
间，where 表地点，why 表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所
处的位置，故该从句应用 where 引导。C 选项正确。
【答案】D
技巧 2 关注连接副词的用法
1.(2015 全国Ⅱ卷)…the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _____ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make
the cycle work on most days.
【解析】因 figure out(弄明白；计算出)后是一个句子，应为宾语从句；引导宾语从句，并能修饰形容词(thick)
的，只能是连接副词 how，how thick 意为“多厚”。
【答案】how
引导名词性从句的连接副词有 when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever 等，它们均在从句中作状语。
I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道她何时回来。
I've been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.
他无论去哪儿父母都担心。
1. 【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所
大学，表示地点，作状语。故用 where。
【答案】where
2. 【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析 which 引导
的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词 how 引导表语从句，充当方
式状语，表示“如何”。故选 D。
【答案】D
技巧 3 关注同位语从句
1 . Others praise the fact ______ campus canteens launching delivery services can save students’ time..
【解析】空后是一个结构和意义完整的句子，故填连词 that，引导同位语从句，解释说明 fact 的内容。
【答案】that
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名词被称作先行
词。
1. 同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句的连接词主要有 that, whether, why, who, where, how, when 等。在同位语从句中 that, whether 不
作成分，that 无实际意义，whether 表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。
引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。
There’s some doubt whether John will come on time. 对约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。
2. 可跟同位语从句的名词
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：
advice 建议 belief 信念 fact 事实 hope 希望 idea 主意 news 消息 opinion 观点 order 命令 promise
诺言 question 问题 reply 答复 report 报道 thought 想法 truth 事实 warning 警告
The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion.
地球为什么变得越来越暧这一问题仍在讨论之中。
3. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。
4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是 idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt,
truth, possibility, promise, order 等抽象意义的名词, 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分
或是整个主句。
（2）从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制, 相当于一个形容词。
而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释, 相当于一个名词。
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）
（第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）
（同位语从句，that 在句中不作任何成分）
（3）从连接词和所作成分上区别
同位语从句中 that 只起连接作用, 不作任何成分，不能省略。
定语从句 中 that 起连接作用，充当宾语、主语或表语。作宾语时可以省略。
how, whether, what 可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。
1.【2019·新课标 I 卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across
the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be 句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从
句，解释说明中心词 evidence 的内容，故填 that。
【答案】that
2.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work
to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。此处使用同位语从句说明
suggestion 的内容，而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的，故用 that 引导，that 不作成分，只起连接作
用。故选 B。
【答案】B
技巧 4 区别 whoever，whatever, whomever, whichever 与 who，what，whom，
which
1.. 【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded _______to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，
宾语从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选 C。
【答案】C
1.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，
宾语从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选 C。
【答案】C
2.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
【解析】A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever 无论哪个。句意：每年，
任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，
根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除 A、D，因为需要作主语，只能用主格代词 who+ever，故选 B。
【答案】B
基础夯实
考点一 主语从句
连 从 that, whether, 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。但一般Your support is important to our
接 属 if 不可省略。if 不可以引导位于句首的主语从work.Whateveryou can do helps.你的支持
词 连 句。 对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情
词 都会有所帮助。
连 what, who, who（ever）和 what（ever）在从句中作主
接 whose, 语、宾语或表语；which（ever）在从句中
代 which, 作主语、宾语；what, which, whose 在从句
词 whatever, 中作定语。
whichever,
whoever 等
连 how, when, 在从句中作状语。
接 where, why 等
副
词
it 作①It＋系动词＋形容词（necessary/likely/important/certain 等）It occurred to him thathe had an important
形 ＋that 从句 conference to attend the next morning. 他突
式 ②It＋系动词＋名词（短语）（a pity/a shame/no wonder 等）＋然想到，第二天上午他有一个重要的会议
主 that 从句 要参加。
语 ③It＋be＋过去分词（said/told/reported 等）＋that 从句
④It＋动词（短语）（seem/occur to/happen to sb./...）＋that 从
句
考点二 宾语从句
连 接从属连that, whether, if The gold medal will be awarded towhoeverwins the
词 词 first place in the bicycle race.这块金牌将颁发给这场
连接代what, who, whose, which, whatever,自 行车比赛中获得第一名的人。
词 whichever, whoever 等
连接副how, when, where, why, wherever,
词 whenever 等
it 作①动词（find/feel/think/consider/make 等）＋it＋宾I havemade it a rule thatI keep diaries.写日记成了我
形 式补（形容词或名词）＋that 从句 的惯例。
宾语 ②动词（hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy 等）＋it
＋that 从句
③动词短语（see to/depend on/rely on 等）＋it＋
that 从句
④固定搭配（take it for granted/owe it to sb.等）
+that 从句
考点三 表语从句
连 从属连that, whether This iswhatmy father has taught me—to
接 词 always face difficulties and hope for the best.这
词 连接代what, who, whose, which, whatever, whichever,是 我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难并寄予
词 whoever 等 最大的希望。
连接副how, when, where, why, wherever, whenever 等
词
as if/as as if/as though 意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟At that time, it seemedas thoughI couldn’t
though 在系动词（be 动词 ,seem, appear, look, taste, sound, think of the right word.当时，我似乎怎么也想
feel, smell 等）之后。若表语从句所述的是与客观事不出一个恰当的字眼来。
实相反的情况,从句常用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或
是极可能发生的情况,从句常用陈述语气。
because This/That/It is+because 引导的表语从句（表原因）“这From space, the earth looks blue. This
/那是因为……” isbecauseabout seventy-one percent of its
连 surface is covered by water.从太空中看,地球
接 看起来是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分
词 之七十一都被水覆盖着。
考点四 同位语从句
连 接同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该The manager put forward a
词 名词的具体内容。其连接词主要有 that, whether, why, who, where, how, suggestionthatwe should have
when 等。在同位语从句中,that 和 whether 不作句子成分,that 无实际意an assistant. There is too much
义,whether 表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作work to do.
一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
常 跟advice, fact, doubt, suggestion, hope, demand, conclusion, idea, news, 经理提出了一个建议,我们应该
同 位order, request, thought, word, wish, promise, truth, information, message, 有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
语 从belief, report, desire, problem, possibility 等。
句 的
名词
易错提示
1.that 和 what 引导的名词性从句的区别
that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何含义；而 what 引导名词性从句时，在从句
中充当一定的句子成分，有实际含义。
It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
真遗憾，他犯了这样一个错误。
I will do what I can （do） to help him.
我将尽我所能帮助他。
2.whether 与 if 引导的名词性从句的区别
1）whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但 if 引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用 it
作形式主语。
Whether it is true remains a question.
这是否真实依然是个问题。
It is unknown if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。
2）whether 与 if 引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换，但是如果直接与 or not 连用或用于介词后时，
只能用 whether。
We don’t know whether or not she was ready.
我们不知道她是否准备好了。
I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。
3）whether 可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而 if 不可以。
The question is whether it is worth doing.
问题是它是否值得去做。
He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.
他经常问我这项工作是否值得去做的问题。
技巧点拨
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________
Professor Joseph had said 作 make 的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作 said 的宾语，表示”……所说的
话”，因此应用 what 引导该从句。故选 B。
2.Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and
more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而
更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。
根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填 what。
3.It is by no means clear __________ the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality.
A. what B. how C. whether D. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：目前还不清楚当地政府将如何处理这些质量差的建筑。分析句子，在形
式主语中，真正的主语部分缺“will do”的宾语。名词性从句，若从句部分缺主语。则引导词用“连接代词”。
又因句意缺“什么”之意。故选 A 项。
4.— The designers are over the moon. What’s up
—They’ve reached an agreement on __________ the bonuses are to be divided later.
A. why B. how C. where D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——这些设计者们兴高采烈的。怎么了？——他们刚刚就奖金怎么分配达
成了一致。分析句子可知，空白处与其后句子一起作介词 on 的宾语，属于宾语从句，空白处需要引导词，
其中句子成分完整，结合句意考虑用连接副词 how 作方式状语，表示“如何”。故选 B 项。
【点睛】
宾语从句连接词的判断是一个重要考点，一般分为三种类型：1.由 that 引导，that 在句中无实意，只起连接
作用，其后接一般的陈述句；2.由 whether，if 引导，在句中表示“是否”，其后句子可以还原成一般疑问句；
3.由 wh-系列的连接副词和连接代词引导，这些词在句中都要担任一定的成分，连接代词担任主、宾、表等
成分，连接副词则担任状语。在具体题目中进行选择时，首先判断宾语从句中是否缺少成分，该小题中就
可以看到不缺主、宾、表等成分，结合选项是缺少状语，这时就可以结合句意进行排除选择，从而得出正
确答案。
5.______ makes our school famous is ______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.
A．What; that B．Which; because C．That; what D．What; because
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：使我们学校出名的是，超过 90%的学生都被大学录取了。分析可知，句
子为“主系表”结构，分别用主语从句和表语从句做相应的句子成分，主语从句中缺主语且表示“什么”的含义，
所以用 what 引导；表语从句中引导词在句中不做任何成分，没有实际意义，所以用 that 引导。故选 A 项。
6.once-great cities fell into ruins.
A．What B．Why C．Whether D．That
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：玛雅文明为何崩溃至今仍是个谜。曾经伟大的城市变成了废墟。分析句
子结构可知，本句为主语从句，从句缺少原因状语，所以用连接词 why 引导。故选 B。
7.People may think that dinosaurs were big, green with hard skin covering their bodies. But in fact, it seems that
dinosaurs appeared very different from________ we think.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：人们可能认为恐龙体型巨大，呈绿色，身体覆盖着坚硬的皮肤。但事实上，
恐龙似乎和我们想象的很不一样。在宾语从句“we think”中缺少 think 的宾语，且是指对恐龙的想象，所以应
用 what 引导。故选 D。
8.Air pollution is a big problem. I wonder ______ we can do about it.
A．whether B．what C．how D．that
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：空气污染是个大问题。我想知道我们能做些什么。分析句子成分可
知，“______ we can do about it”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少动词 do 的宾语，意为“什么”，所给选项中，
“whether(是否)”、“how(如何)”和“that(无意义)”均不能充当此成分，且意思不符，所以排除 A、C 和 D 项，
故选 B。
9.________ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various festivals and sports,
________ many students to our school.
A．It： draw B．Which： draw C．What： draws D．As： draws
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句和主谓一致。句意：众所周知，优秀的学术氛围，以及各种节日和体育活动，吸
引了很多学生来我们学校。分析句子可知，第一空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以连接词 what；
as well as 连接两个主语，谓语动词的形式由前一个主语决定，因此 draw 的形式是由 the outstanding academic
atmosphere 确定的，结合语境可知，此处为一般现在时，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选 C。
10.________ students do at the college matters much more than where they travel.
A．Which B．Where C．What D．When
【答案】C
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么比他们去哪里旅行更重要。空处引导主语从句，从句
中缺少宾语，表示“什么”应用 what 引导。故选 C。
11.Believe it or not, your parents have experienced ________you have experienced as children and teenagers.
A．how B．which C．what D．that
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：信不信由你，你的父母经历过你童年和青少年时期的经历。分析句子结
构，谓语动词 have experienced 后面为宾语从句，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词 what 引
导。故选 C。
12.More than 100 students have entered for the competition, and________ gains the most points will be the winner.
A．anyone B．the one C．who D．whoever
【答案】D
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：有 100 多名学生参加了这次比赛，任何得分最多的人就是获胜者。空处引
导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁，任何人”应用 whoever。故选 D。
13.It’s unwise to leave________ can be life’s most important decision—future career—entirely to luck.
A．which B．that C．what D．how
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：把人生中最重要的决定——未来的职业生涯——完全留给运气是不明智的。
分析句子结构，“_______ can be life’s most important decision”位于动词 leave 后面，为宾语从句，从句缺少
主语，需用连接代词 what 引导。故选 C。
14.Jenny has got________ it takes to be a good actress. In other words, she has the potential to become famous.
A．what B．when C．that D．how
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：珍妮具有一名好演员所需要的品质。换句话说，她有成名的潜力。A.what
连接代词，表示“什么”； 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语和表语；B.when 连接副词，表示“什么时候”；在名
词性从句中作状语；C.that 从属连词，在名词性从句中不作成分； D.how 连接副词，表示“如何”。在名词
性从句中作状语。分析句子可知，got 后面接宾语从句，设空处在从句中作宾语，结合选项，选项 A 符合题
意，故选 A。
Ⅱ、语法填空
15.Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ______is
so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【答案】What
【解析
】考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，
应用 what 引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填 What。
16.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and
more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】what，考查宾语从句。空格处是介词 on 后的宾语从句，从句缺少主语，因此要用 what，意为“……
的东西”。
17.Another benefit of exercise is ______it will improve your body's immune system, making you better prepared to
fight off infection.
【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：锻炼的另一个好处是它会提高你身体的免疫系统，让你更好地对抗感染。
此处为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故应用只起连接作用的 that 引导。故填 that。
18.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far
south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】 此处缺引导同位语从句的连接词 that，说明 evidence 的具体内容，“证据表明……”。
19.It is possible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
【答案】that
【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it 作形式主语，that 从句为真正的主语。
20.Have you ever wondered ______ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or
computer or even pencil and paper
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：你有没有想过，如果你没有计算器或电脑，甚至没有铅笔和纸，你会做
什么来解决数学问题？______ you would do to solve math problems 为宾语从句，从句中 do 后缺少宾语，表
示“什么 ”，故填 what。
21.Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to the club and
______ “ his quick adaptation to La Liga (西甲) has surprised many people”.
【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：西班牙体育报纸《马卡报》指出，吴回应了那些质疑他转会的人，并称“他
对西甲的快速适应让很多人感到惊讶”。此处引导宾语从句
，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的 that 引导。故填 that。
22.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us
insight into ______ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.
【答案】how
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意见上一题。根据空格前的介词 into 可知，此处为宾语从句。在宾语从句中，
句子不缺成分，表“如何”含义，所以用连接副词 how 引导宾语从句。故填 how。
23.______ I like the most are the traditional wet markets, restaurants offering various dishes and the numerous
cultural activities that are available there.
【答案】What
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我最喜欢的是传统的菜市场，提供各种各样菜肴的餐馆和众多的文化活
动。分析可知，该句为主语从句做主语，从句缺宾语，表示“我最喜欢的是”，因此用 what 引导，句首字母
需大写。故填 What。
24.It also raises questions about ______ European governments are doing enough to keep up and care for such
buildings.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：这也引发了一些问题，即欧洲各国政府是否有足够的努力来维持和
维护这些建筑。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词 about 的宾语，根据句意，空格处句子成分齐全，由上文的
question 可知，用 whether“是否”符合题意，故填 whether。
25.The ideal nap depends on______ you want from that nap．
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中缺少 want 的宾语，所以用 what 引导。故填 what。
26.The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling ______they helped people in need.
【答案】that
【解析】考查连接词。句意同上。此处为同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故应用 that。故填 that。
27.Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and hopefully with time， the person won't be able to
remember ______ he is supposed to forget.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作动词 forget 的宾语，故用 what
导该宾语从句，表示随着时间流逝，这个人就不会记得他应当忘记的事情了。故填 what。
28.There will be challenges ahead, however, which is ______we are fully preparing for all possibilities.
【答案】why
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：然而，前方会有挑战，这就是为什么我们正为各种可能性做好充分准备。
表语从句中，缺少原因状语，所以用连接副词 why。故填 why。
29.If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes______ the piano that
accompanies her for more than a decade looks like.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：熊小姐说，如果她能有三天的视力，她想亲眼看看陪伴她十多年的钢琴是
什么样子的。宾语从句中缺少介词 like 的宾语，且是指物。故填 what。
30.I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes, ______ is left isn’t enough for my designs.
【答案】what
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：首先我必须移除所有腐烂的部分，有时，剩下的部分不足以满足我的设计。
此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物应用 what 引导。故填 what。
31.______we feed our bodies feeds our eyes.
【答案】What
【解析】考查连词。句意：我们喂给身体的东西喂给眼睛。本句为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且指代“东
西”，故填 What。
32.The ideal nap depends on ______ you want from that nap.
【答案】What
【解析】考查宾语从句。在宾语从句中缺少 want 的宾语，所以用 what 引导。故填 what。
33.Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are ______you eat!
【答案】what
【解析】考查连词。句意：一定要有一个强烈的意识，你吃什么就是什么!本句为表语从句，引导词在从句
中作 eat 的宾语，表示“你吃的东西”，故填 what。
34.But it's not the fact_______0nly people with bad handwriting are attracted to the medical field.
【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：但这并不是说只有书写不好的人才会被医学领域所吸引。分析句子结构
可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明 fact 的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用 that 引导。
故填 that。
35.I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “I couldn’t imagine______it is like to lose your home
and everything that you know and the powerful effect the hurricane had on those people.
【答案】what
【解析】考查连接词。句意：我无法想象失去你的家和你所知道的一切是什么样子，也无法想象飓风对那
些人的强大影响。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意可知应用 what。故填 what。
Ⅲ、完形填空
Yungang Grottoes (石窟) in Datong, Shanxi Province, are a world cultural heritage (遗产) site with a history
that 1． (go) back more than 1,500 years. In Yungang’s 45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes, roughly
59,000 figures of the Buddha, 2． (be) a priceless treasure of human culture.
3．because of the effects of climate change and natural disasters, the grottoes face damage year after year.
Thanks to 4． (advance) digital technology, researchers are busy “duplicating” (复制) the Yungang Grottoes in an
attempt to preserve the precious cultural relics (遗物). Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the
researchers5． (digital) record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes and later reproduce6．by using
3D printing technology.
The new technology could enable more people7． (access) the cultural relics despite the distance. In June, 2020,
the Zhejiang University Cultural Relics Research Institute and Yungang Grottoes Research Institute together
“copied and pasted” Cave No. 12 of the Yungang Grottoes for an8． (exhibit) in Hangzhou, in which is the world’s
first 3D-printed 1:1 “copy” of a grotto.
These Yungang9． (researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage.
It is hoped10．the new digitalized technologies will facilitate the “rebirth” of the cultural relics, and bring them to
more places worldwide.
【答案】1．goes2．are3．But 4．advanced5．digitally6．them7．to access8．exhibition9．researchers’
10．that
【解析】这是一篇说明文。山西大同云冈石窟是世界文化遗产，距今已有 1500 多年的历史。文章主要介绍
研究人员使用数字技术复制云冈石窟，希望保存这些遗产。
1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：山西大同的云冈石窟是世界文化遗产，可追溯至 1500 多年前。句子
陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且定语从句修饰先行词 history，从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致，应用第
三人称单数形式。故填 goes。
2．考查主谓一致。句意：云冈的 45 个大石窟和 200 多个小石窟中，大约有 5.9 万尊佛像，是人类文化中无
价的财富。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为“45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes”，谓语
动词用复数。故填 are。
3．考查连词。句意：但是由于气候变化和自然灾难的影响，石窟一年年地面临着破坏。上文提到石窟的价
值，结合空后“石窟一年年地面临着破坏”可知，上下文是转折关系，应用 but，句首单词首字母要大写。故
填 But。
4．考查形容词。句意：由于先进的数字技术，研究人员正忙于“复制”云冈石窟，试图保护珍贵的文物。修
饰后文名词短语 digital technology，应用形容词 advanced，作定语。故填 advanced。
5．考查副词。句意：利用 3D 激光扫描技术，研究人员将石窟的形状、颜色和其他细节数字记录下来，然
后使用 3D 打印技术进行复制。修饰后文动词 record 应用副词 digitally，作状语。故填 digitally。
6．考查代词。句意：利用 3D 激光扫描技术，研究人员将石窟的形状、颜色和其他细节数字记录下来，然
后使用 3D 打印技术进行复制。此处指对上文提到的“shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes”进行复
制，作宾语，应用代词 them。故填 them。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项新技术可以让更多的人在距离遥远的情况下接触到文物。结合句意表示“让
某人能够做某事”可知短语为 enable sb. to do sth.。故填 to access。
8．考查名词。句意：2020 年 6 月，浙江大学文物研究所和云冈石窟研究所在杭州的一个展览会上共同“复
制粘贴”了云冈石窟第 12 窟，这是世界上第一个 3D 打印一比一“复制”的石窟。空处作宾语，表示“展览”应
用名词 exhibition，冠词 an 提示应用单数。故填 exhibition。
9．考查名词的数和所有格。句意：云冈研究人员的尝试是科技帮助保护文化遗产的一个很好的例子。根据
上文 these 可知 researcher 应用复数，且与后文名词 attempt 构成所属关系，故应用名词所有格 researchers’。
故填 researchers’。
10．考查固定句型。句意：人们希望新的数字化技术能够促进文物的“重生”，并将其带到世界更多地方。结
合句意表示“人们希望……”句型为 it is hoped that…，it 作形式主语，that 从句为真正主语。故填 that。
Ⅲ、作文
最近，一位叫“何同学”的大学生用英语采访苹果 CEO 蒂姆 库克（Tim Cook）的视频火了,其中他流利的英
语和自信的态度给大家留下了深刻印象。假如你是李华，请给“何同学” （Mr. He）写一封英文求助信，希
望他能推荐一些英语口语的高效训练方法。
内容：
1.视频对年轻人的影响：
2.求助的内容；
3.表示感谢。
注意；
1.写作词数为 80 左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
Dear Mr. He,
How is everything going
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. He,
How is everything going I am Li Hua, a high school student and also one of your admirers/fans. Needless to
say, I am deeply impressed by your wonderful performance in the virtual interview with Tim Cook, the CEO of
Apple. So fluent is your oral English that together with your confident gestures, you have really set a good example
for the young generation. Therefore, I was wondering if you could bother to share some effective approaches with
me to improving my spoken English as well as building up my self-confidence when communicating with
foreigners It would be better if you could elaborate why you recommend them and how to efficiently use them.
I'd be more than grateful if you could offer some constructive suggestions.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给何同学写一封求助信，希望对方能推荐一些英语口语的高效训练方
法。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量过去进行时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 说明视频对于年轻人的影响；
2. 描述求助内容；
3. 表示感谢。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
Needless to say; be deeply impressed by; in the virtual interview; together with your confident gestures; set a good
example for; bother to do; share some effective approaches with me; as well as; build up my self-confidence; more
than grateful; offer some constructive suggestions; look forward to
第三步：连词成句（包含关键句，至少 3 句）
1.I am Li Hua, a high school student and also one of your admirers/fans.
2.Needless to say, I am deeply impressed by your wonderful performance in the virtual interview with Tim Cook,
the CEO of Apple.
3.So fluent is your oral English that together with your confident gestures, you have really set a good example for
the young generation.
4.Therefore, I was wondering if you could bother to share some effective approaches with me to improving my
spoken English as well as building up my self-confidence when communicating with foreigners
5.It would be better if you could elaborate why you recommend them and how to efficiently use them.
6.Looking forward to your early reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：as well as
2.表因果关系：Therefore
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型 1]So fluent is your oral English that together with your confident gestures, you have really set a good
example for the young generation. （So 开头的表语前置倒装）
[高分句型 2] It would be better if you could elaborate why you recommend them and how to efficiently use them.
（虚拟语气和宾语从句）
真题演练
【2022 年】
1（2022 新高考 II 卷）“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”
答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do 不
定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how 意为“如何”，符合句意。故填 how。
2（2022 年浙江 1 月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______
she could do so remotely.
答案：if/whether
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb 开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然 ask
后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填 whether 或 if。
【2021 年】
1. (2021 年新高考全国 1 卷语法填空)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’
song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world
scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句
缺乏主语，应用 what 引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填 What。
【2020 年】
1. （2020·江苏卷）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A. whether 是否；
B. why 为什么；C. when 什么时候；D. where 在哪里。根据下文 it’s just a matter of time 可知，此处指”我们
能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it 是形式主语，whether 引导的从句是真正的主语。故选 A。
2. （2020·天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph
had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。
_________ Professor Joseph had said 作 make 的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作 said 的宾语，表
示”……所说的话”，因此应用 what 引导该从句。故选 B。
3. （2020·浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or
gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，
而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代
词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填 what。
【2019 年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the
human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句
子成分，且与 evidence 指代的是同一事件，用 that 引导同位语从句。故选 B。
2.【2019·新课标 I 卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way
across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be 句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位
语从句，解释说明中心词 evidence 的内容，故填 that。
3.【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去
哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用 where。
【2018 年】
1.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方式，when
表时间，where 表地点，why 表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我
们所处的位置，故该从句应用 where 引导。C 选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方式，when
表时间，where 表地点，why 表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我
们所处的位置，故该从句应用 where 引导。C 选项正确。
3.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可
知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选 C。
4.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析 which
引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词 how 引导表语从句，充
当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选 D。
【2017 年】
1.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解析】A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D.
whichever 无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分
是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除 A、D，因为需要作主语，只能用主
格代词 who+ever，故选 B。
2.【2017·北京】Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
【答案】B
【解析】A. why 为什么 B. where 在哪 C. how 如何 D. when 什么时候。句意：Jane 漫无目的地走在
两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案 B。
3.【2017·江苏】 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it
used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句的引导词。＂half of _________ it used to charge＂是$20 的同位语，即原来价
格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of 后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中
的 charge 后面缺少宾语，所以用 what 来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选 C。
4.【2017·天津】She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C
是否；D.什么。根据句意，故选 C
5.【2017·新课标 II 卷】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful
later in my life.
【答案】where 改为 when
【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生
活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把 where 改为 when。
【2016 年】
1.【2016·北京】Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps 是谓语，＂________ you can do
＂是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do 后缺少宾语，表示＂任何事情＂，因此用 whatever 引
导，故选 C。
2.【2016·北京】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is 后跟
从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用 that，that 只起引导作用，故选 B。
3.【2016·江苏】It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C. as D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中 It 为形式主语，
that 从句为真正的主语。故 D 项正确。
4.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much
work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。此处使用同位语从句说
明 suggestion 的内容，而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的，故用 that 引导，that 不作成分，只起连接
作用。故选 B。
学习评价：
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