人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration Learning About Language同步练习（word版附答案解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration Learning About Language同步练习（word版附答案解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-17 17:42:30 | ||
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《Period 2 Learning About Language》同步练习
一、基础巩固
（一）、语法专练（不定式）
1.It's certainly not realistic (remove) all plastics from your life, but some statistics may encourage you to reduce your single-use plastic footprints.
2.With a lot of problems (solve), the newly-elected president will have a hard time.
3.The terracotta warriors and horses are colorless, looking like they've just been unearthed from the ground. But you may be surprised (learn) that they're not showing their "true colors" at all.
4.At the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Simone Biles became the first female U.S. gymnast (win) four gold medals at a single Olympic Games.
5.The researchers found that local efforts (improve) water quality and stop overfishing did not increase the coral reefs' chances of survival.
6.However, larger and more precise studies were needed (confirm) the benefits.
7.In order to help preserve history, the Greek government appointed a committee (undertake) a complete repair to the Acropolis.
8.China planned to build more primary and middle schools across the country with soccer programs in their curriculum (lead) youth football development, according to the Ministry of Education.
9.Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and even revive coral. One option is (create) more marine protected areas.
10.The performance had intended to please the audience and draw their attention, only (greet) with an embarrassed silence, however.
11.—Mr. Black, what about my application
—Oh, I regret (tell) you that it hasn't been successful.
12.The repair aims (remove) potential safety threats while preserving the unique characteristics of the building.
（二）、单句语法填空
1.Among the most beautiful sights (lie) a small island located in the south of the Pacific Ocean.
2.Public praise can be a supplementary means of (motivate), since public recognition brings people a sense of satisfaction.
3.What time are you going to set off work tomorrow Could you take me with you
二、能力提升
（一）、阅读理解
When you swim in the sea, have you ever accidentally drunk the seawater How did it feel It must have tasted salty. So, why is the seawater salty
Seawater is water that comes from the ocean. Seawater is salty because it contains an average salt content of 2.5%. So the ocean is a place for the salt farmers to produce cooking salt and other salt.
Some theories explain that seawater comes from rainwater that falls and flows through rivers and estuaries (河口) and then the seawater fully fills the sea and again forms clouds because of evaporation(蒸发). When we talk about this, we talk about the rainwater cycle. But when the rainwater cycle occurs, the water that passes through the river carries mineral salts. These mineral salts are obtained from various places of the land starting from rocks and soils that the rainwater flows through.These mineral salts make seawater salty, so the salinity of seawater is different in each part of the world. But it is certain that seawater is salty or has high salinity.
The saltiest sea in the world is the Red Sea. There the temperature is extremely high so that evaporation happens frequently. High evaporation coupled with little rainfall and little input of water from the river causes its highest level of salinity. There is also the Dead Sea, which is about nine times saltier than the Red Sea. Due to the high salinity, when you swim there, you can float. However, the Dead Sea is not a sea at all, which is a lake geographically.
1.What's the purpose of Paragraph 1
A. To draw a conclusion.
B. To bring in the topic.
C. To introduce a famous sea.
D. To make the article interesting.
2.Where does the salt in seawater originate from
A. Land. B. Ocean.
C. Rain. D. Cloud.
3.What can we know about the Red Sea
A. Its salinity is higher than that of the Dead Sea.
B. The climate there causes the highest salt level.
C. People are in danger when swimming there.
D. The land around it contains the most salt.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. The reason why the seawater tastes salty
B. The reason why the Dead Sea is not a sea
C. The reason why the rainwater cycle occurs
D. The reason why the sea looks blue and green
（二）、七选五
How to Activate Brain Cells
Scientists used to think that your brain stopped growing new cells once you reached adulthood. Happily, current research shows that it isn't true! As you get older, you can continue to grow new brain cells.
Get regular aerobic(有氧的) exercise.
Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better improve brain cells' growth than other forms of exercise. Add aerobic activities such as swimming, power walking, and jogging, to your regular routine. 1.
Do stress-relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of well-being can encourage the growth of new brain cells. 2. You can do some yoga, read your favorite books, or listen to relaxing music.
3.
Antioxidant-rich(富含抗氧化物的) foods can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of new, healthy cells. Omega-3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain's health. Add plenty of brain-boosting foods to your diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active social life.
4. It's also good for your brain. Socializing helps keep your brain cells active, preventing some of the loss of brain function. If you can't socialize in person, reach your friends over the phone or on social media.
Get plenty of good-quality sleep.
If you're an adult, try to get 7-9 hours of sleep each night. If you're a teen, aim for 8-10 hours. Your brain heals itself of the day's stresses while you sleep. 5. You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A. Spending time with friends isn't just enjoyable.
B. Eat foods rich in substances that do good to brain cells.
C. Any kind of head injury may put you at risk of brain damage.
D. Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.
E. For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.
F. Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you restore your brain's health.
G. It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.
（三）、语法填空
Inspired by the work of William Beebe, Dr.Sylvia Earle began her work as an oceanographer at an early age when she 1. (knock)off her feet by a wave. She was fascinated by the ocean and its creatures. Although she struggled 2. (balance)her studies and family, Earle earned her PhD from Duke University, becoming well known in the marine science community. Early in her career and while she was four 3. (month)pregnant, Earle traveled 30.5m below the surface in a submersible. Her experience of 4. (live) in an underwater marine habitat earned her celebrity status in the scientific community.
With the experience, Earle developed an interest 5. deep-sea exploration, and in 1979 she broke 6. record for deep-sea diving at 381m below the surface in a special suit called the Jim Suit designed to withstand (承受) the 7. (press). Earle decided to test the suit as part of her research on a book 8. (publish)by the National Geographic Society, and the diving techniques only scratched the surface of the ocean. Following this adventure, Earle started two companies 9. produced deep-sea exploration vehicles. The continued advancement in the technology of these vehicles has helped open up areas in the deep sea 10. (previous)unexplored.
参考答案
一、基础巩固
（一）、语法专练
1.to remove 句意:从你的生活中清除所有的塑料当然是不现实的,但一些统计数据可能会鼓励你减少一次性塑料足迹。分析句子结构可知,It作形式主语,空处应用动词不定式形式作真正的主语。
2.to solve 句意:由于有许多问题要解决,新当选的总统将有一段困难的时期。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语,且表示将要发生的动作,故应用动词不定式作后置定语。注意:在此处的"with+宾语+宾补"结构中,作宾补的动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填to solve。
3.to learn be surprised to do sth."做某事很惊讶"为固定用法,动词不定式作原因状语。故填to learn。
4.to win 句意:在2016年里约热内卢奥运会上,Simone Biles成为首位在单届奥运会上赢得四枚金牌的美国女子体操运动员。名词gymnast由序数词the first修饰,后跟动词不定式作后置定语。故填to win。
5.to improve 句意:研究人员发现,当地改善水质和停止过度捕捞的努力并没有增加珊瑚礁的生存机会。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰名词efforts,表示"做某事的努力"应用the efforts to do sth.结构,其中不定式作后置定语。故填to improve。
6.to confirm 句意:然而,还需要更大规模和更精确的研究来证实这些益处。分析句子结构可知,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to confirm。
7.to undertake 句意:为了保护历史,希腊政府委派了一个委员会对卫城进行全面修复。appoint sb. to do sth.意为"委派/任命某人做某事",为固定搭配。故填to undertake。
8.to lead 句意:据教育部表示,中国计划在全国范围内建设更多开设足球课程的中小学,以引领青少年足球的发展。分析句子结构可知,空处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to lead。
9.to create 句意:世界各地的科学家正在寻找各种各样的方法来保护甚至复活珊瑚。一种选择是创建更多的海洋保护区。One option is to do sth."一种选择是做某事"为固定用法。故填to create。
10.to be greeted 句意:这场演出原本是为了取悦观众,吸引观众的注意力,结果却招来了一阵尴尬的沉默。"only+to do"表示出乎意料的结果,且performance和greet之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be greeted。
11.to tell 此处表示很遗憾地告诉对方申请没有成功,应用不定式。regret to do sth.表示"很遗憾要做某事"。故填to tell。
12.to remove 句意:修复的目的是消除潜在的安全威胁,同时保留该建筑的独特特征。aim to do sth."旨在/目的是做某事"为固定用法。故填to remove。
（二）、单句语法填空
1.lies 考查主谓一致和时态。句意:最美丽的景点之一是位于太平洋南部的一个小岛。介词短语"Among the most beautiful sights"位于句首,句子用全部倒装。本句的主语是a small island,是单数形式,且此处表示客观事实,故填lies。
2.motivation 考查词形转换。根据空前的of可知,空处应填所给词的名词形式,且意为"动力,积极性",故填motivation。
3.for 考查固定搭配。句意:你明天打算什么时候出发去上班 你能捎上我吗 "set off for+地点"表示"出发/动身去某地"。
4.applauding 考查非谓语动词。空处作伴随状语,因All the staff与applaud之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用动词-ing形式。
5.mixture 考查词形转换。句意:听到他因冒着生命危险救下那名溺水的女孩而获奖的消息时,我们怀着一种既高兴又崇敬的心情看着他。根据空前的a 和空后的of可知,此处应用名词mixture,意为"混合"。
6.on/with/in 考查介词。句意:1982年,她成为一名教师,靠自己微薄的工资过活。get by on/with/in...意为"靠……维持生计",为固定搭配。
7.coverage 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处要用名词作宾语,故填coverage"覆盖范围"。
二、能力提升
（一）、阅读理解
解题导语：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海水很咸的原因以及世界上最咸的海。
1.B 考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句中的"why is the seawater salty"和下文中解释海水很咸的原因可推知,第一段的主要目的是引入本文的话题,故选B。
2.A 考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句中的"seawater comes from rainwater"可知海水来自雨水,再结合本段中的"But when the rainwater cycle occurs, the water that passes through the river carries mineral salts. These mineral salts are obtained from various places of the land starting from rocks and soils that the rainwater flows through"可知,海水中的盐来自雨水流经的岩石和土壤,所以可推知海水中的盐来自陆地,故选A。
3.B 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"There the temperature is extremely high so that evaporation happens frequently. High evaporation coupled with little rainfall and little input of water from the river causes its highest level of salinity"可知,红海高温、少雨的气候特点造成了它的高盐度。故选B。
4.A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段最后一句"So, why is the seawater salty "以及下文对海水很咸的原因的详细介绍可知,这篇文章主要介绍了海水很咸的原因,所以A选项最适合作为文章的标题。故选A。
（二）、七选五
解题导语：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,随着年龄的增长,大脑可以继续生长新的脑细胞。文中给出了一些促进脑细胞生长的建议。
1.E 空前提到增加一些有氧运动,如游泳、快走和慢跑。E项中的"比如每天慢跑30分钟,每周慢跑5天"是对空前提到的建议的举例说明,前后联系密切。故选E。
2.D 本段建议做能够减轻压力、带来幸福感的活动。D项"试着每天做一些能带给你快乐和帮助你放松的事情"承接上文。D项中的"bring you pleasure"和空前的"give you a sense of well-being"对应,"help you relax"和空前的"reduce stress"对应。故选D。
3.B 本空是本段小标题。本段提到富含抗氧化物的食物可以防止脑细胞受损,并促进新的、健康的细胞的生长,omega-3脂肪酸可以帮助改善大脑健康,还推荐了一些促进大脑发育的食物。B项"吃富含对脑细胞有益的物质的食物"能够总结概括该段内容,故选B。
4.A 根据本段小标题可知,本段建议保持积极的社交生活。由空后的also可推断出空处说的应该也是社交生活的好处。故A项符合语境,A项中的friends与本段中的your friends对应。
5.G 本段建议我们保证充足的、高质量的睡眠。空前提到的"Your brain heals itself of the day's stresses"是睡眠对大脑的好处之一,G项与之并列,进一步说明了睡眠对大脑的好处。故选G。G项中的It指的就是"睡眠"。
（三）、语法填空
解题导语：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国深海探险家Sylvia Earle无畏艰险、探索海洋的事迹。
1.was knocked 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据at an early age可知,此处是在陈述过去发生的事情,且由语境可知,she和knock off 之间是被动关系,需用被动语态。故填was knocked。
2.to balance 考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth."艰难地做某事"为固定用法。故填to balance。
3.months 考查名词复数。month为可数名词,由空前的four可知,空处需用名词复数。故填months。
4.living 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作of的宾语,应用动词-ing形式。故填living。
5.in 考查介词。develop an interest in...为固定短语,意为"对……产生兴趣"。故填in。
6.the 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用冠词,且由语境可知,此处表示特指。故填the。
7.pressure 考查名词。根据空前的the可知,空处应用名词作宾语,再根据语境可知,空处应填pressure,意为"压力"。
8.published 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语,且book和publish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,需用过去分词。故填published。
9.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指物。故填that/which。
10.previously 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰unexplored, 需用副词形式。故填previously。
一、基础巩固
（一）、语法专练（不定式）
1.It's certainly not realistic (remove) all plastics from your life, but some statistics may encourage you to reduce your single-use plastic footprints.
2.With a lot of problems (solve), the newly-elected president will have a hard time.
3.The terracotta warriors and horses are colorless, looking like they've just been unearthed from the ground. But you may be surprised (learn) that they're not showing their "true colors" at all.
4.At the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Simone Biles became the first female U.S. gymnast (win) four gold medals at a single Olympic Games.
5.The researchers found that local efforts (improve) water quality and stop overfishing did not increase the coral reefs' chances of survival.
6.However, larger and more precise studies were needed (confirm) the benefits.
7.In order to help preserve history, the Greek government appointed a committee (undertake) a complete repair to the Acropolis.
8.China planned to build more primary and middle schools across the country with soccer programs in their curriculum (lead) youth football development, according to the Ministry of Education.
9.Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and even revive coral. One option is (create) more marine protected areas.
10.The performance had intended to please the audience and draw their attention, only (greet) with an embarrassed silence, however.
11.—Mr. Black, what about my application
—Oh, I regret (tell) you that it hasn't been successful.
12.The repair aims (remove) potential safety threats while preserving the unique characteristics of the building.
（二）、单句语法填空
1.Among the most beautiful sights (lie) a small island located in the south of the Pacific Ocean.
2.Public praise can be a supplementary means of (motivate), since public recognition brings people a sense of satisfaction.
3.What time are you going to set off work tomorrow Could you take me with you
二、能力提升
（一）、阅读理解
When you swim in the sea, have you ever accidentally drunk the seawater How did it feel It must have tasted salty. So, why is the seawater salty
Seawater is water that comes from the ocean. Seawater is salty because it contains an average salt content of 2.5%. So the ocean is a place for the salt farmers to produce cooking salt and other salt.
Some theories explain that seawater comes from rainwater that falls and flows through rivers and estuaries (河口) and then the seawater fully fills the sea and again forms clouds because of evaporation(蒸发). When we talk about this, we talk about the rainwater cycle. But when the rainwater cycle occurs, the water that passes through the river carries mineral salts. These mineral salts are obtained from various places of the land starting from rocks and soils that the rainwater flows through.These mineral salts make seawater salty, so the salinity of seawater is different in each part of the world. But it is certain that seawater is salty or has high salinity.
The saltiest sea in the world is the Red Sea. There the temperature is extremely high so that evaporation happens frequently. High evaporation coupled with little rainfall and little input of water from the river causes its highest level of salinity. There is also the Dead Sea, which is about nine times saltier than the Red Sea. Due to the high salinity, when you swim there, you can float. However, the Dead Sea is not a sea at all, which is a lake geographically.
1.What's the purpose of Paragraph 1
A. To draw a conclusion.
B. To bring in the topic.
C. To introduce a famous sea.
D. To make the article interesting.
2.Where does the salt in seawater originate from
A. Land. B. Ocean.
C. Rain. D. Cloud.
3.What can we know about the Red Sea
A. Its salinity is higher than that of the Dead Sea.
B. The climate there causes the highest salt level.
C. People are in danger when swimming there.
D. The land around it contains the most salt.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. The reason why the seawater tastes salty
B. The reason why the Dead Sea is not a sea
C. The reason why the rainwater cycle occurs
D. The reason why the sea looks blue and green
（二）、七选五
How to Activate Brain Cells
Scientists used to think that your brain stopped growing new cells once you reached adulthood. Happily, current research shows that it isn't true! As you get older, you can continue to grow new brain cells.
Get regular aerobic(有氧的) exercise.
Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better improve brain cells' growth than other forms of exercise. Add aerobic activities such as swimming, power walking, and jogging, to your regular routine. 1.
Do stress-relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of well-being can encourage the growth of new brain cells. 2. You can do some yoga, read your favorite books, or listen to relaxing music.
3.
Antioxidant-rich(富含抗氧化物的) foods can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of new, healthy cells. Omega-3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain's health. Add plenty of brain-boosting foods to your diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active social life.
4. It's also good for your brain. Socializing helps keep your brain cells active, preventing some of the loss of brain function. If you can't socialize in person, reach your friends over the phone or on social media.
Get plenty of good-quality sleep.
If you're an adult, try to get 7-9 hours of sleep each night. If you're a teen, aim for 8-10 hours. Your brain heals itself of the day's stresses while you sleep. 5. You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A. Spending time with friends isn't just enjoyable.
B. Eat foods rich in substances that do good to brain cells.
C. Any kind of head injury may put you at risk of brain damage.
D. Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.
E. For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.
F. Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you restore your brain's health.
G. It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.
（三）、语法填空
Inspired by the work of William Beebe, Dr.Sylvia Earle began her work as an oceanographer at an early age when she 1. (knock)off her feet by a wave. She was fascinated by the ocean and its creatures. Although she struggled 2. (balance)her studies and family, Earle earned her PhD from Duke University, becoming well known in the marine science community. Early in her career and while she was four 3. (month)pregnant, Earle traveled 30.5m below the surface in a submersible. Her experience of 4. (live) in an underwater marine habitat earned her celebrity status in the scientific community.
With the experience, Earle developed an interest 5. deep-sea exploration, and in 1979 she broke 6. record for deep-sea diving at 381m below the surface in a special suit called the Jim Suit designed to withstand (承受) the 7. (press). Earle decided to test the suit as part of her research on a book 8. (publish)by the National Geographic Society, and the diving techniques only scratched the surface of the ocean. Following this adventure, Earle started two companies 9. produced deep-sea exploration vehicles. The continued advancement in the technology of these vehicles has helped open up areas in the deep sea 10. (previous)unexplored.
参考答案
一、基础巩固
（一）、语法专练
1.to remove 句意:从你的生活中清除所有的塑料当然是不现实的,但一些统计数据可能会鼓励你减少一次性塑料足迹。分析句子结构可知,It作形式主语,空处应用动词不定式形式作真正的主语。
2.to solve 句意:由于有许多问题要解决,新当选的总统将有一段困难的时期。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语,且表示将要发生的动作,故应用动词不定式作后置定语。注意:在此处的"with+宾语+宾补"结构中,作宾补的动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填to solve。
3.to learn be surprised to do sth."做某事很惊讶"为固定用法,动词不定式作原因状语。故填to learn。
4.to win 句意:在2016年里约热内卢奥运会上,Simone Biles成为首位在单届奥运会上赢得四枚金牌的美国女子体操运动员。名词gymnast由序数词the first修饰,后跟动词不定式作后置定语。故填to win。
5.to improve 句意:研究人员发现,当地改善水质和停止过度捕捞的努力并没有增加珊瑚礁的生存机会。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰名词efforts,表示"做某事的努力"应用the efforts to do sth.结构,其中不定式作后置定语。故填to improve。
6.to confirm 句意:然而,还需要更大规模和更精确的研究来证实这些益处。分析句子结构可知,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to confirm。
7.to undertake 句意:为了保护历史,希腊政府委派了一个委员会对卫城进行全面修复。appoint sb. to do sth.意为"委派/任命某人做某事",为固定搭配。故填to undertake。
8.to lead 句意:据教育部表示,中国计划在全国范围内建设更多开设足球课程的中小学,以引领青少年足球的发展。分析句子结构可知,空处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to lead。
9.to create 句意:世界各地的科学家正在寻找各种各样的方法来保护甚至复活珊瑚。一种选择是创建更多的海洋保护区。One option is to do sth."一种选择是做某事"为固定用法。故填to create。
10.to be greeted 句意:这场演出原本是为了取悦观众,吸引观众的注意力,结果却招来了一阵尴尬的沉默。"only+to do"表示出乎意料的结果,且performance和greet之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be greeted。
11.to tell 此处表示很遗憾地告诉对方申请没有成功,应用不定式。regret to do sth.表示"很遗憾要做某事"。故填to tell。
12.to remove 句意:修复的目的是消除潜在的安全威胁,同时保留该建筑的独特特征。aim to do sth."旨在/目的是做某事"为固定用法。故填to remove。
（二）、单句语法填空
1.lies 考查主谓一致和时态。句意:最美丽的景点之一是位于太平洋南部的一个小岛。介词短语"Among the most beautiful sights"位于句首,句子用全部倒装。本句的主语是a small island,是单数形式,且此处表示客观事实,故填lies。
2.motivation 考查词形转换。根据空前的of可知,空处应填所给词的名词形式,且意为"动力,积极性",故填motivation。
3.for 考查固定搭配。句意:你明天打算什么时候出发去上班 你能捎上我吗 "set off for+地点"表示"出发/动身去某地"。
4.applauding 考查非谓语动词。空处作伴随状语,因All the staff与applaud之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用动词-ing形式。
5.mixture 考查词形转换。句意:听到他因冒着生命危险救下那名溺水的女孩而获奖的消息时,我们怀着一种既高兴又崇敬的心情看着他。根据空前的a 和空后的of可知,此处应用名词mixture,意为"混合"。
6.on/with/in 考查介词。句意:1982年,她成为一名教师,靠自己微薄的工资过活。get by on/with/in...意为"靠……维持生计",为固定搭配。
7.coverage 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处要用名词作宾语,故填coverage"覆盖范围"。
二、能力提升
（一）、阅读理解
解题导语：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海水很咸的原因以及世界上最咸的海。
1.B 考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句中的"why is the seawater salty"和下文中解释海水很咸的原因可推知,第一段的主要目的是引入本文的话题,故选B。
2.A 考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句中的"seawater comes from rainwater"可知海水来自雨水,再结合本段中的"But when the rainwater cycle occurs, the water that passes through the river carries mineral salts. These mineral salts are obtained from various places of the land starting from rocks and soils that the rainwater flows through"可知,海水中的盐来自雨水流经的岩石和土壤,所以可推知海水中的盐来自陆地,故选A。
3.B 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"There the temperature is extremely high so that evaporation happens frequently. High evaporation coupled with little rainfall and little input of water from the river causes its highest level of salinity"可知,红海高温、少雨的气候特点造成了它的高盐度。故选B。
4.A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段最后一句"So, why is the seawater salty "以及下文对海水很咸的原因的详细介绍可知,这篇文章主要介绍了海水很咸的原因,所以A选项最适合作为文章的标题。故选A。
（二）、七选五
解题导语：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,随着年龄的增长,大脑可以继续生长新的脑细胞。文中给出了一些促进脑细胞生长的建议。
1.E 空前提到增加一些有氧运动,如游泳、快走和慢跑。E项中的"比如每天慢跑30分钟,每周慢跑5天"是对空前提到的建议的举例说明,前后联系密切。故选E。
2.D 本段建议做能够减轻压力、带来幸福感的活动。D项"试着每天做一些能带给你快乐和帮助你放松的事情"承接上文。D项中的"bring you pleasure"和空前的"give you a sense of well-being"对应,"help you relax"和空前的"reduce stress"对应。故选D。
3.B 本空是本段小标题。本段提到富含抗氧化物的食物可以防止脑细胞受损,并促进新的、健康的细胞的生长,omega-3脂肪酸可以帮助改善大脑健康,还推荐了一些促进大脑发育的食物。B项"吃富含对脑细胞有益的物质的食物"能够总结概括该段内容,故选B。
4.A 根据本段小标题可知,本段建议保持积极的社交生活。由空后的also可推断出空处说的应该也是社交生活的好处。故A项符合语境,A项中的friends与本段中的your friends对应。
5.G 本段建议我们保证充足的、高质量的睡眠。空前提到的"Your brain heals itself of the day's stresses"是睡眠对大脑的好处之一,G项与之并列,进一步说明了睡眠对大脑的好处。故选G。G项中的It指的就是"睡眠"。
（三）、语法填空
解题导语：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国深海探险家Sylvia Earle无畏艰险、探索海洋的事迹。
1.was knocked 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据at an early age可知,此处是在陈述过去发生的事情,且由语境可知,she和knock off 之间是被动关系,需用被动语态。故填was knocked。
2.to balance 考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth."艰难地做某事"为固定用法。故填to balance。
3.months 考查名词复数。month为可数名词,由空前的four可知,空处需用名词复数。故填months。
4.living 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作of的宾语,应用动词-ing形式。故填living。
5.in 考查介词。develop an interest in...为固定短语,意为"对……产生兴趣"。故填in。
6.the 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用冠词,且由语境可知,此处表示特指。故填the。
7.pressure 考查名词。根据空前的the可知,空处应用名词作宾语,再根据语境可知,空处应填pressure,意为"压力"。
8.published 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语,且book和publish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,需用过去分词。故填published。
9.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指物。故填that/which。
10.previously 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰unexplored, 需用副词形式。故填previously。