零基础作文第二讲句型扩充福利
适用学科 英语 适用年级 高二-高三
适用区域 全国通用 课时时长（分钟） 2课时/120分钟
知识点 名词性从句；虚拟语气
教学目标 知识：1、掌握名词性从句、虚拟语气结构及其扩充用法。方法：牢记名词性从句和虚拟语气的给定结构并能灵活运用。能力：根据作文要求精确选择合适的单词及汉语逻辑进行表达。
教学重点 名词性从句及其实战演练，虚拟语气的限时训练。
教学难点 词汇的选择和应用
教学过程
课堂导入
通过上节的学习，我们可以看到字数福利时代到了，当字数不是问题的时候，现在的问题就在于如何让作文更有充分的说理。本节课我们学习的结构即是将说理更确切化，给同学们带来更大的福利性作文措施，感受结构的魅力。
二、复习预习
教师引导学生分析目前写作文中遇到的困境及试图的突围方案（提问、讨论），最后教师做一总结。
用where there is A, there is B结构写作文的最关键点在于？
结构的完整性；
词汇的选用和当AB可能是代词的时候带来的陈述语序问题。
引导学生寻找解决方案。如学生无方案则引入本节话题：句型扩充福利
注意：本节讲解的所有内容依然还是建立在不讲述语法的情况下，故更多在讲解和训练中突出的就是无语法而写句子，但还需注意词汇的选用，难度适中，给学生带来新鲜的学习方式和学习效果。
三、知识讲解
知识点1：what名词性从句用法
本节的第一个结构为what名词性从句用法，如何使用及如何辨析则在于对于文章意思的把握。
1. A is to B what C is to D.
翻译：A之于B就像C之于D.
（A/B∈名词、代词、Ving等，而 Ved/ because结构/句子）
如：Food is to people what water is to fish. 食物对于人就像水对于鱼。
Dream is to us what aim is to boat. 梦想对于我们就像目标对于船。
2. 【考查点】如果AC为复数的话，则is必须改成are。
如：You are to us what boats are to travelers.
知识点2：名词性从句+非限定性定语从句的用法
上一节讲解的非限定性定语从句为：
I.句子，from which we can see that+陈述句
II.句子，because of which we can see that+陈述句
1.【易错点】前提：必须是某句之后，不可单独成句。
如：
Where there is a will, there is a way, from which we can see that a strong will is a must for you.
Where there is a place where people save water, there is safety, because of which we hold this party.
知识点3. it is high time that sb did something./ it is time that sb did something.
本句属于虚拟语气范畴，意思为：是某人该做……时候了。
如：it is high time that we cleaned our classroom.
It is high time that we bought a bunch of flowers for her.
【易错点】注意：该句中that从句一定是过去式。
如：
It is time that he came back.
It is time that we saved water.
It is time that we took measures.
知识点4：两个句式结合的写法
例1：（此处强调让学生看到速度和字数）
①Where there is a place where people do sth, there is B，from which we can see that A is to B what C is to D. After all, A is what makes B C;
Where there is a place where people help the old, there is happiness, from which we can see that helping the old is to us what sunshine is to plants. After all, caring about the old today is what makes our future better.
例2：
②Where there is a place where people do sth, there is B, because of which we can see that A is to B what C is to D. After all, A is what makes B C;
Where there is a place where people do their a bit for our environment, there is healthy and happy life, from which we can see that doing a bit for our environment is to our life what water is to fish. After all, a good environment is what makes our life quality better;So it is time that we took measures to do the followings:
四、例题精析
【例题1】
翻译：有新鲜空气的地方，就有健康，由此我们可以看到新鲜空气对于我们就像水对于鱼。
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【答案】Where there is fresh air, there is health, from which we can see that fresh air is to us what water is to fish.
【解析】本题考察的是如何将新词使用到句子中的过程，以及如何将状语从句和名词性从句套装使用的内容。
【例题2】
翻译：Where there is a Bole, there is a chance for us to see real Qianli horse, because of which we can see that a good Bole is to us what aim is to boat. So it is high time that we found a good Bole.
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【答案】有伯乐的地方，就有机会让我们来看到千里马，因此我们可以看到一个好伯乐对于我们就像目标对于船。所以是我们该寻找一个好伯乐时候了。
【解析】本题考查对于本节结构的掌握和了解，一定注意it is high time结构的时态用法。
【例题3】
翻译：
有人们认真读书的地方，就有良好的行为，由此我们可以看到认真读书对于社会就像空气清新剂对于生活。所以是我们该建立一个图书馆的时候了。
【答案】Where there is a place where people read books carefully, there is good manners, from which we can see that reading books carefully is to our society what air freshener is to our life. So it is high time that we founded a library.
【解析】本题考查对本节句式的熟练掌握和单词的选择，并考察了“是该做……时候了”这个虚拟语气句式的掌握，注意，该句式的谓语为过去式。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1.翻译：有中国人居住的地方，就有机会看到人们相互帮助，由此我们可以看到住在中国人社区对于一个外国人而言就像阳光对于植物。毕竟，住在一个幸福的小区使得人生活更阳光。所以是你该加入我们团队的时候了。
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【答案】Where there is a place where Chinese live, there is a chance for people to see people help each other, from which we can see that living in a Chinese neighborhood is to a foreigner what sunshine is to plants. After all, living in a happy neighborhood is what makes our life funn of sunshine. So it is time that you joined in us.
【解析】考查句式的掌握和词汇的选用，并注意，it is that句型一定是that为过去式的状态。
2．翻译：
Where there is a place where people learn Chinese, there is a chance for us to enjoy the Ru culture, from which we can see that leaning Chinese is to you what building a bridge is to people. Ru culture is what makes our life full of orders.So it is high time that you joined in us.
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【答案】有人们学习汉语的地方，就有机会让我们来领略儒家文化，由此我们可以看到学习汉语对于你就像建造一个桥对于我们。儒家文化让生活充满秩序。所以是你该加入我们时候了。
【解析】考查对句式的理解和翻译，同时考察学生对于虚拟语气句式的认识和翻译。
3．翻译
①Cheating to students what stealing is to the thief。
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②和平饭店对于我们城市而言就像香格里拉酒店对于你们城市。
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【答案】
①作弊对于学生就像偷窃对于小偷。
②Heping restaurant is to our city what the Shangri-la Hotel is to our city.
【解析】题干中A对于B就像C对于D，中必须对应，不能选用对应不合理的名词或代词。
【巩固】
4. 翻译
有奋斗的地方就有机会让你看到成功，由此我们可以看到努力奋斗对于一个人就像发动机对于汽车。所以是我们该努力奋斗时候了。
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【答案】
Where there is struggle, there is a chance for us to see success, from which we can see that working hard is to us what engine is to a car. So it is time that we worked hard.
【解析】注意虚拟语气使用时候的时态问题。
翻译：肉夹馍对于我们陕西而言就像汉堡对于你们，所以是你该尝一尝肉夹馍时候了。
【答案】Roujiamo is to our Shaanxi people what hamburger is to you, from which we can see that it is high time that you tasted Roujiamo.
【解析】注意it is high time that结构中的时态问题。
6.翻译：有精彩的魔术表演的地方，就有机会看到他，因为精彩魔术表演对于他而言就像食物对于人，所以是我们该去魔术表演地方去找他的时候了。
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【答案】Where there is wonderful magic performance, there he is, for wonderful magic performance is to him what food is to a man, from which we can see that it is high time that we went to a place where there is wonderful magic performance to look for him.
【解析】本句中的主语为代词，代词在从句中是不倒装的，故注意此处的不倒装情况。
【拔高】
7. 假如你是李华，请根据以上报道给你在外地的朋友Tom写信，介绍你校目前学生的健康状况以及学校为了防治红眼病所采取的一些具体措施，并表达你对他所在城市该病情的关注。
目前学校情况 有部分老师同学患病，有老师为了不传染别人，戴着墨镜坚持上课
具体措施 1. 每天坚持多次洗手2. 少去人多的地方，减少集会3. 尽量避免与患者接触
注意：不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。词数150左右。
任务：请用本节的某个结构写出文中需要的关于地点状语从句、虚拟语气及名词性从句使用的表达。
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【答案】Where there is a place where people are aware of washing hands often, there is less chance for the disease to spread, from which we can see that washing hands as well as other good manners is to fighting against the disease what good medicine is to patients. After all, healthy life is what makes our life and study better. (60words)
【解析】说出勤洗手等事情的重要性是非常重要的环节，在类比的时候也可以专门列出，这样不但写出了文章的意思，也给结构的使用提供了很好的发挥空间，起到一箭双雕的效果。
8. 现在各个中学都开始组织学生参与社会实践活动，同学们对此有不同观点。请你根据以下信息给学校英语电台写一封稿件，并谈谈自己的看法。
优点 缺点 你的观点
丰富学生的阅历 学生投入太多精力则会影响他们的学习
给学生提供学以致用的机会
要求：
内容充实，结构完整，语义连贯。
短文词数不少于100。
Social practice benefits students mainly in two aspects.
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【答案】Where there is a place where students take part in the social practice, there is a chance for them to improve themselves, from which we can see that taking part in the social practice is to students what rain is to plants. But every coin has two sides.Spending too much time on taking part in the social practice is also makes the time for study less. So it is high time that they balance their study with their social practice. (80words)
【解析】根据文章意思选择合适句式，文章中体现的就是参与或不参与的利与弊，故在选择句型的时候必须考虑文章的主题意思。
9. 世界园艺博览会（World Horticultural Exposition）将于2011年4月至10月在西安举行，世园会组委会现向社会招募志愿者，要求有意参加者用英文写一篇短文，文章要包含以下几个方面：
1. 你为什么要成为志愿者；
2. 你胜任志愿者工作的原因；
3. 为圆满完成志愿者工作你将作何准备？
I really hope to be a volunteer for the WHW. ____________________________
【答案】Where there is a place where a man knows the World Horticultural Exposition as well as being ready to help others, there is good atmosphere, from which we can see that I,who have know the necessary information well, am to this job what water is to fish. So employing me is what makes the voluntary job wonderful.
【解析】根据文章意思选择合适句式，文章中体现的就是个人的优势和对于当志愿者的想法，故在选择句型的时候必须考虑文章的主题意思。
课程小结
本节课主要围绕关于what名词性从句的用法及虚拟语气句式it is time that……将文章的意思进行和最大限度的概括，并且将上节的地点状语从句进行了进一步的使用，直接让作文的字数达到的既定的要求，对于文章的意思表达和逻辑意义的传递达到了最大限度的支持，为学生形成一定的语言习惯以及进行进一步的详实写作打下了坚实的基础。
继续履行“不强调语法而进行语法写作”的学习特色，这是本节课一个非常重要的课题，也是教学中的一种创新和应用，故在教学中多进行互动性的训练，给学生提供更多实战性场景，尽情展现结构在作文中的妙用，给下一节课的参与注入最大的动力。
课后作业
【基础】
1.翻译：Where there is a place where people try their best to finish the job, there is success, from which we can see that trying one’s best is to a man what a key is to a lock. So dear friends, it is time that we tried our best and never say die.
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【答案】有人们尽力完成任务的地方，就有成功，由此我们可以看到尽力做事对于一个人而言正如一把钥匙对于锁。所以朋友们，是我们该尽力做事时候了。
【解析】本题考查学生对于结构的掌握和应用，用学生对于词汇的感知及对于汉语的了解进行翻译，容易调动其参与热度。
【巩固】
2. 翻译：Where there is a place where a child makes mistake, there is a need for the parents to correct their ways of teaching children. After all, correcting the mistake on time is what makes the children have more chance to be better.
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【答案】子不教，父之过
【解析】本题考查学生对于变换句式的翻译和理解。
【拔高】
3. “读书周”活动中我校英语网站以That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.（好书开卷引人入胜,闭卷使人获益）为主题进行征文比赛。请以中学生的视角，结合你最喜欢的一本书写一篇120左右的参赛文章。
注意：①无须写标题； ②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③开头已给出，不得再抄写，不计入总词数；
④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称； ⑤词数为120左右。
请写出本节课中所学能够用到文章中的精彩句子。
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【答案】Where there is a place where we read a good book, there is a chance for us to speak with a learned man and know more ways to improve ourselves, from which we can see that reading is what makes a man near from success. After all, reading is what makes us have more chances to be better.
【解析】本题考查学生判断并寻找合适句子的能力，以原文的要求为出发点，寻找合适的句子和句式，同时结合汉语逻辑，这样就能写出符合文章需要的句子，并给文章增色。
①Where there is A, there is a chance for us to do sth
②A is to B what C is to D
③A is what makes B C
①,from which we can see that+陈述句
②，because of which we can see that+陈述句
VS
PAGE零基础作文第三讲句子综合应用
适用学科 英语 适用年级 高二-高三
适用区域 全国通用 课时时长（分钟） 2课时/120分钟
知识点 What名词性从句用法；比较状语从句；非限定性定语从句写出文章的经典开头和结尾
教学目标 知识：1、掌握What名词性从句的用法及非限定性定语从句的用法。方法：牢记What名词性从句的结构特点及其用法，并能灵活运用。能力：根据作文要求精确选择合适的单词及汉语逻辑进行表达。
教学重点 1、What名词性从句及其变式，比较状语从句；非限定性定语从句；
教学难点 1、What名词性从句及扩展特点
教学过程
课堂导入
一篇好作文，除了具备简单的逻辑意义之后，更多需要的是如何展现出作者的写作能力，如何娴熟使用结构来标明自己的语言掌握和逻辑使用，正如一个武林高手一样，能够用看似简单的武器用出令人叹为观止的效果，这就是最高境界的实际意义。所以在这个过程中，更需要一些有意义的写作手段让作文更实际更有特点。本节将引进What名词性从句的用法及比较状语从句的两个趣味结构，让开头更有力量。
二、复习预习
如果你是李华，你的老师即将离开回国，他给你们带来了很多的趣味性学习手段，你替大家写一篇作文，感谢老师的教诲。
让学生写出自己想表达的想法，然后进行结构性衍化：
Your help is to us what sunshine is to plants, because of which I should say thank you to you, so I believe it is time that I sent this gift to you. Where there you are, there is happiness, from which we believe you can also enjoy a happy life.
分析用法并总结上节结构；
三、知识讲解
知识点1：What名词性从句的用法
本节讲解的What名词性从句为what matters most 结构的用法及其单词的扩展。
what matters most in A is B, from which we can see that B is very important, instead of C.
翻译：在A里最重要的就是B，由此我们可以看到B是最重要的，而不是C。
注意：A/B/C∈Ving/to do/从句/名词/代词
A/B/C Ved/句子/because结构/句子
What matters most in whether we should take cellphones is whether we could control ourselves, from which we can see that we should learn how to control ourselves.
A→whether we should take cellphones
B→whether we could control ourselves
在是否我们应该带手机这个问题上最重要的就是是否我们可以控制自己，由此我们可以看到我们应该学会如何控制自己。
2. 【考查点】如果是A/B/C一句陈述句的话，那么就变成名词性从句，给前面加上that即可。（that一般不能省略的哦）。
如：What matters most in your problem is that there is no logic in you words, because of which I suggest that you have a look before a leap.
注意：这里的matter可以被很多单词替换，而能替换matter的单词有：encourage/inspire/upset/ puzzle/amaze/move/surprise……等
如：劝诫别人戒烟：What surprises me most is that you have been smoking for 3 months and you have really damaged your health. To tell you the truth, what hurts you most is not only that you have damaged your health but that you have made others hate you because of the terrible smell, because of which we strongly suggest that you give up smoking.
写出翻译：
注意：通过上面的联系可以发现，A、B等有的句子可以没有的，古人云：君子相时而动。选择最合适语境的表达，让表达更加准确，更加体现出意思，更加容易显示出英语的水平和魅力！
知识点2：强调句用法
本讲进行的强调句用法重点在于对从句的强调；结构为：
It is not A that matters, but B.
注意：A/B∈从句
观察：
It is not where you come from that matters, but what you can do for us.
It is not how old you are that matters, but whether you can finish the job for us.
It is not what you were that matters, but what you are.
It is not how expensive the gift is that matters, but whether you are sincere.
It is not how many books you have read that matters, but whether there is one worth reading.
It is not how many places you have visited that matters, but whether there is one worth visiting again.
It is not how much water we have that matters, but how long we can be far from the danger of no water.
It is not how many movies you have seen that matters, but whether there is one making you know how to face difficulties. It is not A that matters, but B.
以上结构的共同特点是：
都有it is not ……that matters, but ……;
写成结构：it is not A that matters, but B;
注：A/B∈从句
此时需要强调从句的形式及要求；
同时注意此句：
It is not what we say that matters, but what we do.
→这句话的适用范围∈所有呼吁性内容的文章
知识点3：比较状语从句用法
本讲进行的比较状语从句用法重点在于对逻辑意义的关注；
结构由初中结构“the more, the better”化用；
如：
The +adj/adv的比较级,the +adj/adv的比较级
翻译：越……，越……
E.g. The more water you drink, the more health you can get. 你喝的水越多，你就会越健康。
注意：这个句子也可以写成这样：
The more water you drink, the healthier you are. 你喝的水越多，你就会越健康。
1.【易错点】（1） You drink more water, and you can get more health.
（2） You drink more water, and you are healthier.
前提：必须是两句话的比较状态。
本句的衍伸结构：
①The + 比较级，the +比较级（纯形容词/副词比较级之间的比较）
E.g. ①The more, the better. 越多越好
②The faster, the more interesting. 越快越有趣
②The + 形容词比较级+N+其他，the +形容词比较级+N+其他
E.g. ①The stronger the wind is, the better effect you can see.
风力越强，你会看见更明显的效果。
②The quicker the speed is, the less result you can see.
速度越快，你能看到的就越少。
③ The cleaner the room is, the happier you are.
房间越干净，你就会越开心。
④ The more footprints there are, the more possibility there will be for you to succeed.
脚印越多，则形成路的可能性越大。
③The + 副词比较级+其他，the +副词比较级+其他
E.g.①The more heavily it rains, the more I don’t like to come.雨下的越大，我就越不想来了。
②The more quickly you drink, the less you can absorb. 你喝的越快，你吸收的就越少
知识点3：三个句式结合的写法
例1：（此处强调让学生看到字数的统计和写作时间的把控）
What matters most in A is B，from which we can see that the +adj/adv的比较级,the +adj/adv的比较级.
What matters most in whether we students can take cellphones is whether we can control ourselves，from which we can see that the better we can control ourselves, the more properly we can take cellphones. (36words)
例2：It is not A that matters, but B, from which we can see that the + 形容词比较级+N+其他，the +形容词比较级+N+其他
e.g.
It is not when you start learning that matters, but whether you are determined to finish the job well,from which we can see that the more determined you are, the better result you will enjoy.(35words)
四、例题精析
【例题1】
翻译：What matters most in showing our best wishes to our mothers on Mother’s Day is not how many flowers you send, but whether you really care for her, because of which we should do more what we can do to make her happy. After all, action speaks louder than words.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】在母亲节这一天在给我们的母亲表达祝福这个问题上最重要的不是你送多少花儿，而是你是否真正关心她，由此我们应该做更多事情来是她高兴。毕竟，行动大于语言。
【解析】本题考察的是对于从句关系词的考察，如本句中的how many flowers you send,一定注意此时的从句用陈述语序。
【例题2】
翻译：在买书时候最重要的不是书多贵，而是书的内容，由此可见书的内容才是最重要的，而不是其他，包括封面之类的；
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】What matters most in buying books is not how expensive they are, but the contents of the books, from which we can see that the contents of the books are very important ,instead of others, including covers.
【解析】本题考查对于how做从句关系词时候的从句逻辑与语法结构的考察。
【例题3】
翻译：
不是一个手机品牌多么知名最重要，而是它是否实用，由此我们可以看到实用是最重要的，而不是手机的价格。
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It is not how famous a brand of cellphone is that matters, but whether it is useful,from which we can see that being useful is very important, instead of the prize of the cellphone.
【解析】本题考查对本节句式的熟练掌握和单词的选择，结构为it is not A that matters, but B。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1. 去一个地方旅游最重要的不是你看了多少景点，而是是否有一个景点让你难以忘怀，由此可见找到一个印象深刻的景点是很重要的，而不是旅游点的多少。
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】What matters most in traveling in a place is not how many scenic spots you have visited, but whether there is a scenic spot that is impressive to you, from which we can see that finding an impressive scenic spot is very important ,instead of how many scenic spots you have visited.
【解析】考查句式的掌握和词汇的选用，并注意，V-ing 作主语的时候谓语动词为单数。
2．翻译：
What matters most in making friends with others is being kind, from which we can see that being kind to others is very important, instead of his appearance or wealth.
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】交朋友时最重要的就是真诚，由此可见真诚是非常重要的，而不是他的相貌或经济状况。
【解析】考查对句式的理解和词汇选用。
3．翻译
在给别人表示祝福送礼物的时候最重要的不是你送的礼物的价格，而是你是否真诚，由此可见真诚是最重要的，而不是礼物贵重与否。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】What matters most in sending presents to others for best wishes is not the price of the gift you send, but whether you are kind/sincere, from which we can see that being kind/sincere is very important, instead of how much the gift costs.
【解析】题干中“真诚”，翻译作主语的时候为“being kind/sincere”。
【巩固】
4. 翻译
The stronger the wind is, the better effect you can see. ________________________________________________
【答案】风力越强，你会看见越明显的效果。
【解析】本句后半句使用the+adj.比较级+名词，注意使用词汇选用问题。
5. 翻译：The quicker the speed is, the less result you can see.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】速度越快，你能看到的就越少。
【解析】注意little的比较级less，注意不规则形式的形容词比较级形式。
6. 翻译：The more footprints there are, the more possibility there will be for you to succeed.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】脚印越多，则形成路的可能性越大。
【解析】本句中大量映射的是对于存在情况的“有”的翻译，there be 结构。
【拔高】
7. 假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.展览时间、地点；
2.展览内容。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】
Dear Henry,
I'm very delighted to write a letter to tell you something about Chinese paper-cutting exhibition, which will start on June 20 in our school lecture hall and last for a week.（高分句型一）（展览时间、地点）
As is well-known to us all, Chinese paper-cutting is famous all over the world and I'm sure you will be interested in it, so I plan to invite you to pay a close visit.（高分句型二）The exhibition is a collection of works created by some famous paper-cutting artists in China.（展览内容）During the activity, I will show you around our school and this is a good chance for you to enjoy yourself and learn more about Chinese traditional culture.
Would you please have a look at the exhibition with me I'd appreciate it if you could accept my invitation.（高分句型三） I'm looking forward to receiving your reply as soon as possible.（殷切希望）
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于英文书信，是很常见的考查写作能力的形式，写作难度不大．根据提示信息要求给外教Henry写信，邀请他参观中国剪纸艺术展．写作时注意以下几点：首先需要注意信件的写作格式规范，注意抬头和信尾的署名；其次要注意不能遗漏信件的要点．信中明确两个要点：1．展览的时间和地点；2．展览的内容．第三，写作时根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时和一般将来时两种时态．最后，注意尽量避免使用没有把握的单词和句子，保持字迹工整、卷面整洁．
课程小结
本节课主要围绕关于名词性从句、强调句及非限定性定语从句在作文中的用法进行较为详实的展开讲解，并解决了学生困扰的几大问题，给学生提供动力和信心是本节课一个非常大的要求，并且采用一种学生没有使用过的作文形式，更能大大增加学生参与写作的热情，并潜移默化将地点状语从句、非限定性定语从句、it is time that虚拟语气及 “of+抽象名词”形式融入其中，形成一定的语言习惯，给后面进行相关专题讲解时候带来一定便利。
不强调语法而进行语法写作，这是本节课一个非常重要的课题，也是教学中的一种创新和应用，故在教学中多进行互动性的训练，给学生提供更多实战性场景，尽情展现结构在作文中的妙用，给下一节课的参与注入最大的动力。
课后作业
【基础】
1.翻译：What matters most in whether we should help the old who have fallen down is whether there will be a right judge for people who help the old, from which we can see that the more justice the law is, the more help there will be for the old.
【答案】在是否我们应该帮助跌倒老人方面最重要的就是是否对于帮助老人的人有公正的评价，由此我们可以看到法律越公正，对于老人的帮助会越多。
【解析】本题考查学生对于结构的掌握和应用，用学生对于词汇的感知及对于现行事件进行翻译，容易调动其参与热度。
【巩固】
2. 翻译：What matters most in writing a successful composition is whether you have understood the meaning of the title well, from which we can see that the more you understand the title, the better your composition you will write.
【答案】写一篇成功的作文最重要的是是否你理解了标题的意思，由此我们可以看到你越理解标题，你写的文章越好。
【解析】本题考查学生对于词汇的翻译和理解。
【拔高】
3.假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛, 内容包括：
1. 比赛信息；
2. 赛前准备；
3. 表达期待。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to let you know that we will have a volleyball match next month. The match will take place in our school gym on the morning of July 8th. We will play against a team from Lingnan High School. For good performance in the match, we must get fully prepared and practice hard. So starting tomorrow, we all need to train for two hours after school every day. In addition, we should avoid getting hurt during the training and have a healthy diet to keep fit.
You’re an excellent player. With you on the team, we have every hope of beating Lingnan. Let’s try hard together!
Cheers, Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达要求考生写一封邮件告知队友有关比赛的信息。在短文的内容要求和要点设计上，难度与往年大致相当。另外，话题的选择体现了一个命题趋势：围绕人与社会的主题，加强德智体美劳的全面考查。通过排球比赛设定的体育情境体现了关注体育锻炼、倡导健康意识的理念。本篇属于告知信，是考生比较熟悉的文体范畴。考生应紧扣所给各项要求展开写作。作为应用文写作的一个类型，告知信最为鲜明的特征是：简洁、准确。考生在写作时应根据自己对题目的理解，准确无误地表达重点信息，把告知信所涉及的事由、时间、地点以及事项交代清楚。本文需要简明扼要地告知排球比赛的时间、地点以及赛前的准备事项。在结尾处还需对队友表示期待和鼓励。
近年书面表达试题的开放性越来越强，只为考生提供一个笼统的写作提纲，要求考生围绕写作提纲进行适当的发挥，自主确定写作内容，体现出高考对考生创新能力的考查。总体来看，今年的书面表达充分体现了应用性的考查要求。另外，高考再次提醒我们，平时一定要重视对素材、词汇和句型等的积累，训练学生运用相关词汇和语法进行书面表达的能力。
内容分析
文体 告知信
告知人 排球队队长
告知对象 排球队队友
告知主题 校排球队比赛
告知内容 比赛信息；赛前准备；表达期待。
问候语及开头语 I’m writing to you about ... / I’m writing to tell you something about ...
事件信息 事件信息的三要素：时间、地点、人物（以本篇短文为例）时间：on July 8th地点：in the school gym人物：our volleyball team and a team from Lingnan High School事件的时间和地点的常用表达：There will be a match to be held in …The exhibition will be held in / take place in … The contest is organized by our school on …Our school will hold a music festival on …
个人发挥 适当增加相关细节
语言分析
话题词汇激活 体育：volleyball, football, baseball, badminton, cycling, athlete, coach, competitor, gym, stadium, beat, defeat, compete, break / hold the record, goal, match, race, score, victory, win, player, team member学校生活：after-school activities, take part in, attend, activity, participation, the students’ union（在平时的学习中要注意话题词汇的积累）
运用高级词块 如：take place, play against, get fully prepared, in addition, keep fit等
运用高级句式 如：宾语从句，现在分词作状语等
①,from which we can see that+陈述句
②，because of which we can see that+陈述句
VS
What matters most in A is B,
The +adj/adv的比较级,the +adj/adv的比较级.
The + 形容词比较级+N+其他，the +形容词比较级+N+其他
④The + 副词比较级+其他，the +副词比较级+其他.
⑤It is not A that matters, but B;
PAGE零基础作文第四讲结构升级整合
适用学科 英语 适用年级 高二-高三
适用区域 全国通用 课时时长（分钟） 2课时/120分钟
知识点 限定性定语从句，表语从句
教学目标 知识：1、掌握地点限定性定语从句用法及表语从句的用法，掌握作文结构整合的方式及用法。方法：牢记结构用法，并能灵活运用。能力：根据作文要求精确选择合适的单词及汉语逻辑进行表达。
教学重点 限定性定语从句及that表语从句。结构升级中的词汇替换原则；
教学难点 从句陈述语序及扩展特点
教学过程
课堂导入
世界上人云亦云的人众多，而那些有自己想法的人则往往被人误解，在孤独和寂寞中努力徘徊，如文学的萨特、艺术的梵高等，而历史也最终证明，那些拥有独立思考的人，往往能获得巨大的成功。
用上节的结构写出这段话的评论。学生写出评论，教师进行修正。
It is not how hard you work that matters, but whether you have got the right way to success,from which we can see that the more you think, the better result you will get. After all, where there is a place where a man has independent thought, there is success.
二、复习预习
教师引导学生分析目前写作文中写出的好的开头和结尾，分析如何进行布局的写作和安排。
结构的使用注意问题是什么？
如何根据文章内容选择合适的结构？
如何将结构进行套装训练而不让别人产生厌烦心理？
让学生分析并进行引导，导入本届话题：结构汇总提升。
三、知识讲解
知识点1：非限定性定语从句及名词性从句的用法
本节讲解的非限定性定语从句仅限于the reason的用法。
1.The reason why A is that B.
翻译：A的原因就是B. （A/B∈句子）
如：The reason why I come here is that I want to learn how to write perfect English composition.
我来这儿的原因就是我想学习如何写出完美的英语作文。
2. 【考查点】A和B都是陈述句。
如：The reason why my composition is perfect is that it is well-written.
3. 该句式还可衍化为：
The reason why A is not that B but that C.
A的原因不是B而是C。
如：The reason why we like him is not that he is from England but that he is a good man.
我们喜欢他的原因不是他来自英格兰而是他是个好人。
知识点2：时态的巧妙用法
He is not what he was.
他今非昔比。
1.【易错点】前提：必须是同一个事物的对比。
如：
Our town is not what it was, from which we can see that we have taken right measures to overcome the problems.
Where there he is, there is happiness, from which we can see that he is not what he was.
Yesterday my friend eat a cake from your shop and was sent to hospital because of the poor quality of your food, from which we can see that the quality of your food is not what it was, so it is high time that you improved your work now.
知识点3：两个句式结合的写法
通过上述结构可以看到，（1）,from which we can see that+陈述句和（2），because of which we can see that+陈述句起到的串联作用，恰好把①②③及④⑤⑥链接起来构成各种搭配；
搭配形式有：
例1：①（1）⑤搭配（此处强调让学生看到字数的统计和写作时间的把控）
A is what makes B C,from which we can see that it is not A that matters, but B;
Helping the old is what makes our society full of sunshine,from which we can see that it is not how much we say that matters, but how much we do.(30words)
Failure is what makes us know how far we are from success,from which we can see that it is not how many failures we have experienced that matters, but what we learn from these experiences to know the way to success;(41words)
例2②（1）④搭配：
Where there is A，there is B, from which we can see that what matters most in A is B;
Where there is a good book, there is a chance for you to be better, from which we can see that what matters most in reading books is finding a good one for you to read.
Where there is a good Bole(伯乐), there is a chance for a real Qianli horse to stand out, from which we can see that what matters most in showing oneself out is finding a good Bole.
注意：此处的搭配形式，应该有6！个，即6×5=30组；
例3：给定结构形式的搭配：
本结构形式在于以给定形式进行练习，任何文章都可以写出一段精彩的评论，如：
A is what makes B C,from which we can see that where there is A, there is B. So I think it is not A that matters, but B;After all, the +比较级，the+比较级；.
(1)A good friend is what makes you know gets and loss,from which we can see that where there is a real friend, there is real progress as well as growth; so I think is it not how many friends you have that matters, but whether you can get true advice about how to be better from them; after all, the more progress you get, the better you will be;（69words）
(2)当志愿者
Being a volunteer is what makes your life experience enriched,from which we can see that where there is such an opportunity, there is a chance for one to be better; so I think it is not how many theories you have learned that matters, but whether you have practiced them. After all, the more you use what you have learned, the more you are good at using them properly.（69words）
(3)做兼职工作
Doing a part-time job is what makes you arrange your time well,because of which I believe where there is a part-time job, there is a chance to improve myself. So I think it is not what job you do that matters, but whether you can learn being punctual,honest,hardworking. After all, the more part-time job you do, the more valuable experience you will get.（63words）
真正的武林高手，不在于招式的多少，而是见招拆招，灵活运用，从而成为最棒的结构整合者。古人所谓“不着一字，尽得风流”的“竞一句之奇，争一字之巧”就是这个道理。
四、例题精析
【例题1】
翻译：他买了联想电脑的原因就是联想确实是一个非常不错的品牌。__________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The reason why he bought the Lenovo computer is that he thought Lenovo is really a good brand.
【解析】本题考察的是当两个完整的句子串联到一个结构中的现象，此结构中一定注意，只要是陈述句即可。
【例题2】
翻译: The reason why we should find a real Bole is that where there is a Bole, there is a chance for us to see real Qianli horse, because of which we can see that finding a real Bole is your job now.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】我们应该找到一个真正的伯乐的原因就是有伯乐的地方，就有机会让我们来看到千里马，因此我们可以看到寻找真正的伯乐就是你现在的任务。
【解析】本题考查对于本节结构的掌握和了解，并注意Ving作主语的翻译，均翻译为一件事情。
【例题3】
翻译：
The reason why Chinese poets and painters liked to paint the mountains and rivers is that the mountains and rivers were not paid attention to by people around them,from which we can see that they also hoped to be paid attention to.
【答案】中国诗人和画家们喜欢画山水的原因就是这些山水不被他们周围的人关注，由此我们可以看到他们也希望被周围人关注。
【解析】本题考查对本节句式的熟练掌握和单词的选择。
【例题4】“不劳不获”是一个著名谚语，它的目的是激发那些懒惰的人为自己的梦想而努力，有努力的地方，才有成功；努力工作对于梦想就像磨刀石对于刀，越努力，才能越幸运；所以朋友们，不是你说了多少最重要，而是你是否去做了。只有经历风雨的人才有机会看到彩虹。
【答案】“No pains,no gains”is a famous proverb whose aim is to tell those who are lazy to work hard for their dream. Where there is hard word, there is success. Hard work is to dream what sharpener is to knife. The harder you work, the luckier you will be. So friends,it is not what we say that matters,but whether we try our best to do it . Only those who have experienced hardship can have a chance to see his rainbow.
【解析】
句子的综合运用时候，一定注意汉语逻辑的整合规则。上述的所有结构，必须先用汉语思考，再转化英语；
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1.翻译：我们建议你多读书的原因就是书读的越多，你就越懂得如何去处理事情，由此我们可以看到读书对于人就像阳光对于植物。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The reason why we suggest that you read more books is that the more books you read, the better you can understand how to deal with things well, from which we can see that reading is to us what sunshine is to plants.
【解析】考查句式的掌握和词汇的选用，并注意，suggest后面常用虚拟语气结构。
2．翻译：
The reason why Chang’e left her home is that where there dream is, there is action，from which we can see that running after your dream is of great importance.
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___________________
【答案】嫦娥离开她家的原因就是有梦想的地方，就有行动，由此我们可以看到追逐梦想是非常重要的。
【解析】考查对句式的理解和翻译，同时考察学生对于Ving作主语的认识和翻译。
3．翻译
我们反对抽烟的原因就是有人吸烟的地方，就有疾病，由此我们可以看到不是我们说了多少最重要，而是我们是否采取措施了。
________________________________________________
【答案】The reason why we are against smoking is that where there is a place where people smoke, there is disease, from which we can see that it is not what we say that matters, but whether we have taken measures.
【解析】题干中反对，翻译为“be against”，而“就有”翻译为：there is ……。
【巩固】
4. 翻译
中国结就是带给人们幸福与团结的东西，由此我们可以看到有中国结的地方，就有好运及幸福的生活；我认为不是礼物多么贵重最重要，而是是否它可以带给我们正向的东西；
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The Chinese Knot is what brings us happiness and union,from which we can see that where there is a Chinese Knot, there is good luck as well as happy life. I think it is not how expensive a gift is that matters, but whether it can bring us something positive.
【解析】注意A is what makes B C中的makes 可以用其他动词适当替换，同时用as well as的原因是因为它是就远一致的结构，这样there is的主谓一致可以得以保障。
【拔高】
5.最近，有一批美国学生将要参观你校自行车俱乐部，校方要求你给他们介绍一下自行
车俱乐部的情况。请按以下要点写一篇发言稿。
1．是交友和锻炼的场所； 2．每周两次训练课；
3．提供免费专业骑车设备； 4．可参加市里比赛；
5．感兴趣的均可报名。
注意：1．词数：100左右；2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．开头结尾已为你写好(不计总数)。
参考词汇：自行车俱乐部 Cycling C1ub
Good morning，dear friends．Welcome to our schoo1． _____________
任务：请用本节的某个结构写出文中需要的关于地点状语从句使用的表达。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The reason why I suggest that you join in our club is that where there is our club, there is a chance for you to make friends with others and get health, from which we can see that taking part in our club is of great use to you. (49 words)
【解析】说出参加本俱乐部的优势为本文非常重要的一个步骤，故在写作时候一定考虑到文章的需要和目前具备句式的关系，寻找其契合点。
6. 据高考不到六十天的时间了，很多高考生家长都为孩子请来高考保姆，学校挂高考倒计时牌，每天上午、下午第一节课前，由老师带领全班学生喊口号……对于家长和学校的这些做法人们褒贬不一。
请根据以上说明、写作要点和写作要求，为校刊“英语角”版面写一篇短文。
写作要点：
1．赞成者观点；
2．反对者观点；
3．自己的观点。
任务：请用本节的某个结构写出文中需要的关于地点状语从句使用的表达。
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【答案】The reason why some parents do so many things for their children is that where there is a place where parents help their children do everything, there is a chance for their children to devote all their time to studying, from which we can see that parents’ love is of great importance for their children, while other people do not think so. They believe it is not what you do for children that matters, but whether he can keep a normal attitude to study.
【解析】根据文章意思选择合适句式，文章中体现的就是父母帮助孩子的利与弊，故在选择句型的时候一定关注文章的意思同时选择合适的结构。
7. 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jason从网上得知海南将成为“国际旅游岛”。他很想了解海南的基本情况，尤其是旅游方面的信息。请根据以下提示给他发一份电子邮件，告诉他有关海南的基本情况，并欢迎他到海南来玩。
位于中国的南部，面积33920平方千米，人口780多万，是中国第二大岛；气候温和，环境宜人，享有“长寿岛”美誉。
有大片的热带森林，植物种类繁多，终年常绿，是著名的旅游胜地，被称为南海上的一颗明珠。
省会海口位于海南岛北部，是政治，经济，文化和交通中心。
南部城市三亚碧水蓝天，景色迷人，以热带风光而闻名于世，被称为“东方的夏威夷”。
要求：词数不少于100；
参考词汇： 热带森林：tropical forest
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【答案】The reason why I suggest that you have a visit to our Hainan Island is that where there is Hainan Island, there is tropical forest as well as good climate, because of which people call it Long-live Island. What’s more, Sanya is to China what Hawaii is to America, from which we can see that it is a must for you to visit Hainan Island.
What’s more,Hainan Island is what makes you know what is real paradise in the world, so many people say that it is not how many places you have visited that matters, but whether there is one worth visiting again. That is the Hainan Island.
【解析】根据文章的意思将结构嵌入，并寻找合适的单词进行表达，同时注意：如果出现两个以上特点的时候，用as well as 结构进行连接，还可以避免主谓一致的现象。
课程小结
本节课主要围绕the reason why A is that B这一句型进行了大量的扩充与辨析，同时将之前几讲中的重要的结构进行了回顾，让文章更有力度，更能将意思表达完善，这种最大对于文章的内容扩充和详实说明带来了巨大的便利，更为一篇文章的快速形成起到了巨大的作用，让作文的时效性和准确性得以提升，并且巧妙地避过了可能出现错误的语法现象。
教师在训练中一定多加变数，或者以趣味性的故事引导学生去写出相应的结构，让文章充满生机，同时一定关注使用简答的单词，这样给学生以更多可能发挥的空间。
课后作业
【基础】
1.翻译：The reason why we should save water is that where there is a place where people save water, there is no worry about being short of water, from which we can see that it is not how much we say that matters, but how much we do.
_____________________________________
【答案】我们应该节约用水的原因就是有人们节约用水的地方，就没有缺水的担忧，由此我们可以看到不是我们说了多少最重要，而是我们做了多少。
【解析】本题考查学生对于结构的掌握和应用，用学生对于词汇的感知及对于汉语的了解进行翻译，用最为简单的单词，容易调动其参与热度。
【巩固】
2. 下面的图表显示了某校高三学生周末放假的学习生活情况。
根据上图信息，请以 “Ways to Spend the Weekend” 为题，用英语短文。 要求如下：
1.简要描述图中的信息；
2.说明原因 （为了高效学习；锻炼身体；争分夺秒……）;
3.谈谈你的看法。
4.词数:120字.
请写出本节课中所学能够用到文章中的精彩句子。
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【答案】The reason why about 60% students choose to go back to have a rest is that they are too tired,from which we can see that where there is a place where students have enough pressure, there is good state for them to enjoy life, so small as it is, reducing students’ burden is of great importance.
【解析】根据文章的意思，在表述的时候一定将压力及学习这样的词汇体现出来，便于让表达更充分。
【拔高】
3. 人们完成工作的方式通常有两种：独立完成和合作完成。两种方式各有特点。请你以“Working individually or Working in a team”为题，
按照以下要点写一篇英语短文：
1. 独立完成：自行安排、自己解决问题。
2. 合作完成：一起讨论、相互学习。
3. 我喜欢的方式和理由。
注意：词数150左右，文章的题目和开头已给出（不记入总词数）
Working individually or Working in a team
There are basically two ways to get work done. __________________________________________
【答案】The reason why I choose working in a team is that where there is a place where people work together, there is more chance to succeed, from which we can see that it is not how hard you work that matters but whether you can work efficiently, so it is time that we find a team for us.
【解析】本题考查学生判断并寻找合适句子的能力，以原文的要求为出发点，寻找合适的句子和句式，同时结合汉语逻辑，这样就能写出符合文章需要的句子，并给文章增色。
①A is what makes B C,
②Where there is A，there is B,
③A is to B what C is to D,
④what matters most in A is B;
⑤it is not A that matters, but B;
⑥the reason why A is that B;
（1）,from which we can
see that……
（2），because of which we can see that……
PAGE零基础作文第五讲文体综合突围
适用学科 英语 适用年级 高二-高三
适用区域 全国通用 课时时长（分钟） 2课时/120分钟
知识点 图表类作文，议论文，记叙文
教学目标 知识：掌握文体的特点及用法。方法：理解各种文体的本质意义并进行写作。能力：根据作文要求精确选择合适的单词及汉语逻辑进行表达。
教学重点 识记文体特点及用法。选择相应的结构表达并学会如何统筹结构
教学难点 开头结尾的表述及汉语的写法汉语英语的转化过程及情商的基本法则；
教学过程
课堂导入
“离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”这四句话根本无法让白居易通过顾况的考核从而进入当时长安的最佳奥林匹克学校学习，原因在于顾况的本质意思是让学生写出文章送给他的一个即将离别的朋友，所以后四句更为关键。“远芳侵古道，晴翠接荒城。又逢王孙过，凄凄满别情”。所以所有作文必然要在开头点题，结尾明意，契合文体特点，不可偏离轨道，这也是本节课的一大重点。
二、复习预习
教师引导学生回顾之前几讲作文的开头，结尾固定化的方式，同时回忆这些方式的用途及适用文体。
三、知识讲解
知识点1：记叙文
假设你是李平，最近参加了电视台举办的中学生英语演讲比赛并获奖，该台准备组织获奖者去北京参加一次英语夏令营活动，现就有关事项征求你的意见。请根据下表所提供的信息用英语以书信形式给予答复。
活动时间
7月15日—22日或8月15日—22日
活动内容
参加英语角 学唱英语歌曲
听英语讲座 表演英语短剧
看英语电影 教外宾学中文
对活动内容的建议或要求
请注意：
1.选择适合你的时间并说明理由；2. 选择两项你所喜欢的活动并说明理由；
3.对活动内容提出至少一个建议或要求；4. 字数：100-120；
5.信的开头和结尾已给出。
2. 【考查点】 通过这段话我们可以看到需要表述以下内容：
①选择两项内容
②说明选择原因
③提出建议
3. 从以上分析可以看出，这篇文章好写之处即给定了一个非常宽泛的内容，同时选择的时候可以根据自己想用的结构进行写作并可适当使用简单单词及语法结构来用，巧妙避过错误。
4.【范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m very glad to be invited to the English summer camp.I want to choose to join the English Corner as well as attending the English lecture. The reason why I choose these two is that I think it is not how many English words that I have learned that matters, but whether there is a chance for me to use what I have learned,from which I believe that an English Corner will be a good choice; what’s more,to many Chinese, what puzzles us a lot us in learning language is its cultures, so I can learn something which will be of great use to me on the English lecture. I am sure this travel is what broadens my horizon. And I hope if I can stay in an English family so that I can learn more about English life. I am sure where there is a chance for me to enjoy the real English, there is real improvement for me.
Yours truly,Li Ping
【注意】what puzzles us a lot us in learning language is its cultures其中的puzzle的替换，更加明确说出自己的意愿和期待，最后的where there is ……结构也是为了点题而定。
知识点2：议论文
阐述个人观点，说服对方是文章的一大特点，避免由于冗长的说明让别人看不到本身想表述的意思，所以在表述过程中一定注意正反或者说出最亮的亮点，让作文的意思更加明确。
例1：假如你是本校一名音乐爱好者，准备成了一个音乐社团，希望给同学们带来一些精神上的鼓励和支持，给烦闷的学习带来更多的趣味和灵感，需要校长提供一些帮助购买设备及组建场地，同时简单陈述本月计划；
注：120词左右； musical instruments音乐器具
【答案】Dear sir:
I’m Chairman of the Student’s Union in our school. As we know, music is to us what sunshine is to plants,because of which we would like to form a band that can not only offer us a good state of mind for study but also enrich our life. What’s more, to some students, it is not how talented they are that matters, but whether they have got a chance to show their talent,so the band is what offers us a good stage to show our talents out. We hope the band will be formed by the end of this month and we will hold our first activity. So we need your support. We need a fixed place and some money to buy musical instruments. I believe it will be a big success to us as well as to our school. We are looking forward to your support.
【注意】成立乐队申请成功的关键在于一定将乐队与学习、发展联系在一起，这样才能有理有据写出需要的作文；
例2：
高一学生中讨论最多的一个问题就是：how to learn English well 请以学长身份对此进行回答，说明你的观点：
①学英语必须要使用，而不单是记单词；
②必须了解一些关于西方的文化知识便于语言的理解；
③虽然经常有遗忘单词情况，需要找到合适方法进行巩固；
注：120词左右，适当增加细节使行文连贯；
【答案】As is often the case,what matters most in learning English is not only remembering words but remembering structures. To our students,using them everyday is what makes you know how to use them in a proper way,after all,it is not how many words you have learned that matters, but whether you use them frequently. What’s more, knowing some western cultures can not only enrich your English words and expressions but also a way to keep interest in leaning English. Last but not least, The more you use what you have learned, the more you will remember them.
As we know, where there is a chance for you to use what you have learned, there is a chance for you to improve your English,that is, practice makes perfect!
May you succeed in learning English.
【注意】学英语的关键及层次一定要说明，这样有利于阐述观点；
知识点3 图表类作文
有的图表类作文需要一定的图表解释并说明意思，但有的则不是，更多的图标类倾向于对于图表内容的阐述，这一点一定多加关注，不可偏颇。
如：假如你叫Peter,是一名国际学校的学生，你最近对200名同学（男女各半）的择业理想作了一次调查，现将调查结果（如下图表所示）用英语向校长Mr. Smith写一篇报告。
注意：（1）报告应包括图表所示的全部内容；
（2）词数100左右；
（3）报告的开头和结尾已给出。
Note: make a survey 作调查
【答案】Dear Sir or Madam:
Recently we made a survey to know what the boys’ and the girls’ in our school dreams are, the result of which is very interesting. Now let me show you the idea:
To be a doctor and not knowing what the dream is are of the same rate among boys and girls. When it comes to being a business man or a scientist even a lawyer, the boys’ number is larger than that of the girls’, while when it comes to being a teacher, the girls’ number is larger.
The chart as well as the above analysis is what tells a conclusion that maybe teacher is a kind of job which calls for patience as well love, both of which, maybe, the boys are lack of. While where there is a job calling for competition, there is more advantages for the boys.
In my opinion, it is not what job students choose that matters, but whether they know what these jobs are. After all,only by putting heart into it can one achieve his goal. So I suggest our school can invite some related experts to deliver a speech for us about how to choose jobs.
.【易错点】选好开头，一定确定好结尾，一切的开头和结尾都是为了整个作文服务的，所以意思的整合是非常重要的环节。说明文章表达的意思并且阐明自己的观点至关重要，一定注意作文本身的要求。
四、例题精析
【例题1】
假定你是李华。下面的图画描述了教师节那天你们班组织的一次活动，请根据写作要点并参考图画内容，为校刊“英语角”版面写一篇短文。
写作要点：
1．活动的策划； 2．教室的布置；
3．活动的内容； 4．你的感想。
注意：
1．短文词数不少于100；2．开头部分已写好，不计入总词数；
3．可根据情况增减细节，详略得当；4．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
【答案】The Teacher’s Day is a day when we show our best wishes to our dear teachers. Before that day this year, we carefully made a plan for the party. A good decorated classroom as well as some good gifts is a must, so we tried our best to do these well, which could create a good atmosphere for the day.
On that day, entering the classroom, Miss Li was welcomed by the carnations we sent to her and “Happy Teacher’s Day” from us. Where there is our monitor, there is wonderful voice, so she sang a song which speaks highly of the teachers. Some girls showed their hand-made arts, and some boys showed their Kong-fu, all of which made the party a success.
It is not how expensive the gifts we sent to Miss Li that matters, but how much wishes included in them. Miss Li was deeply moved by all of these. After the party, we made a promise that we would
try our best to realize our dream with Miss Li together. After all, Mr Li is to us what lighthouse is to a boat.
【解析】本题中虽然表述的是对于图片的说明和节日的说明，而实际上更多关注的则是除了说明之后的评论。注意一点，看到的信息未必就是全部，文章的关键不仅在于描述，更在于对故事的价值阐述。
【例题2】
假如你是某英语报社的编辑，最近在收到的邮件中大量发现学生对于学习英语有胆怯心理，请对此回信，鼓励学生要有自信，学以致用，增加复习机会和次数以便于温故而知新。
注：120词左右；适当增加细节使行文连贯；
【答案】Dear students:
I am very sorry to have heard that some of you don’t do well in English and even give it up, which worries me. To tell you the truth, English is the most widely-used language in the world, with which you can communicate with almost people in every corner of the world. Knowing some good ways of learning English is what makes English easy to learn,so I have some ideas which may be of great use to you:
First, be confident! Where there is confidence, there is possibility of success.
Second, try to use it everyday in your life, such as writing diary, speaking it with your friends. And remember what really matters most in using it is to do readings as well as close tests.
Third, review it as much as you can. As Confucius once said: it is always also a pleasant thing to review what you have learnt. Reviewing what you have learnt can make you understand more about it.
Dear friends, it is not how much English you learn that matters, but whether you use them everyday to express your idea clearly and realize your dream. Practice makes perfect!Good luck to you.
【解析】本题分层说明了如何增加自信和学好英语的方式，所以一定注意阐述的过程。其中引用孔子的话仅仅作为参考。
【例题3】
假如你是高三学生李华，你得知你的美国朋友Peter在近期的电视台外国人汉语水平大赛中获得第一名，请写一邮件给他表示祝福，并对他的精神表示感谢；
【答案】Dear boys and girls,
Dear Peter:
I am more than happy to hear that you have won the first place in the recent competition held by the local TV station. Congratulation to you！Your success proves that the more preparations one does, the more chances there are for him to succeed. I still remember there are many cold mornings for you to read Chinese and there are many deep nights witnessing your hard work,from which we believe where there is hard work, there is final victory. It is not how many difficulties we met that matters, but whether we can face them bravely. Your efforts paid off at last, which is a very important lesson for me to lean, so please accept my thanks and congratulation.
【解析】本题考查学生对于理由陈述的表述方式，原题给的内容非常有限，所以除了祝福驻外，一定适当回顾Peter成功的过程，通过过程证明一点：一切努力都是值得的，这种传递的精神才是值得赞赏也感谢的。所以一定要把其中的说理部分充分说明，以便于避免空洞无物状态。最后加上评论，让作文更加点题。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1.假设你叫李华, English Weekly有一“读者来信”专栏。现在请你用英语给这一栏目写封信,反映学校图书室把许多旧英文杂志、报刊当废纸卖掉一事。要点如下:
①你觉得那样处理旧英文杂志、报刊很可惜;
②应该以适当价格卖给学生,这样对学校和学生都有益。
注意:词数100左右。可适当发挥。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear editor:
Recently our library sell the English books and magazines like waste paper to deal with the old books,which is a pity. To tell you the truth, it is not only that the library sells the books to students with lower prize that benefits students a lot but benefits school as well as our environment. Where there is a place where people reuse the books and other things with paper, there is a chance for us to use the papers longer. So dear editor, the more we reuse the books, the better our life will be, which is what I want to say to us all. After all,reusing books is to us what saving water is to human beings.
So it is high time that we took measure to make the books reused again.
【解析】考两种以上的事情并列说明的时候一定注意使用it is not only A that matters, but B结构，本段中使用的it is not only that the library sells the books to students with lower prize that benefits students a lot but benefits school as well as our environment.则用benefit替换了matters更加贴题。
【巩固】
2. 假如你是高三学生李华，在学习中发现了一本XX英英词典，这本词典在词汇、表达及举例等方面非常好好用，把它推荐给你的同学们。
要求：100-120词；文中不得出现学校真实名字；
可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
Hello everyone!______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Hello everyone! As a Chinese saying goes, to a worker, the better tool he has, the better efficiency he will enjoy,from which we can see that to a student, a good XX dictionary is of great importance. Where there is this dictionary, there is a chance for you to know not only enough large vocabulary, expressions,usages as well as examples but also the origins of the words. Using it, you can find that the origins of the words are what makes us fully understand the usages of them. It is not how many English you have learned that matters, but whether you can use them in a natural way, which is what the dictionary brings us.
Hope this dictionary will be of use to our study.
【解析】这篇文章在写作的时候，一定注意将重点放在词典的工具性价值上来，同时适当扩展词典的解说功能中的文化功能意义，能达到激发大家使用词典的想法，也达到了推介词典的效果。同时上述的过程都可以对应到给定的作文结构。
【拔高】
3.乔布斯的iPhone让年轻人羡慕不已，很多高中生都幻想像他一样成就一份事业，但是却缺乏实干精神，请写以80-100词的英语作文说说你的观点。
①有信心和决心，但同时得有做法，有成就事业的基本知识储备；
②保持独立思维；
③学会和人相处，学习他人长处；
注：120词左右；可适当增加细节使行文连贯；
【答案】Being as successful as Jobs is what many young people want, while what they lack is the spirit of doing.
First, it is said by some experts that it is not only that you have confidence and determination that matters if you want to be successful like Jobs, but the ability to carry it out as well as necessary knowledge, because of which you should work hard at your lessons and keep an independent thought. After all, where there is an independent thought, there is a breakthrough.
Second, as Confucius said “if there are three people around you, there should be a man from whom you can learn something that is very useful to you”, from which you can see that you should learn how to get along well with others and learn their advantages which will make up yours.
Third, you should also be optimistic. What defeats many people most is not the ability, but their attitude when faced up with a difficulty. So you should also be optimistic.
Only in this way can you make it!
【解析】注意作文中层次写法，并注意，适当引用名人名言也是一种非常好的写作方式。
课程小结
英语写作的前提是汉语的熟悉和理解，所以在框架内进行创新的时候，一定多关注框架的存在和逻辑意义的阐述，让作文以逻辑主线的形式形成看似结构多元而实际上契合题意的作文，这也是用结构方式写出作文的最大妙处。“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”即是此理。
课后作业
【基础】
1. 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友John看了阿尔法狗(go)的人工智能后，对中国围棋(Chinese Chess)有了很大兴趣，想学习中国围棋。你对他的建议是：①参加一个围棋培训班；②多在网上对弈；③多在围棋网站www.上看直播。
注意：100-120词；可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
【答案】
Dear David:
Your letter is at hand. As we can see, being NO1 in a complicated game like Chinese chess is what makes people feel like being a king,which is why many people are addicted to playing it, including you. Being the birthplace of Chinese Chess, I think you’d better join in a training class in China. The more you learn here, the nearer you are from the key spirit of chess. What’s more, practice makes perfect, so you should play chess online as much as possible. Last but not least, where there is a live competition, there is a chance for you to see the best player and their tips of winning,because of which I think www. is the best choice.
【解析】本题考查学生建议类顺序的梳理过程，一定注意，说中国文化时候，更多传递的是文化的精神意义，而不是单薄的文化；最后将看直播的价值进行适当渲染，就很好过度到推荐网站的过程中。所以一定多引导学生先确定好自己的想法，用汉语逻辑捋顺后进行写作。
【巩固】
2. 新教材自2007年使用以来，引起了全社会的高度关注。新教材图片丰富，知识量大，编排更为合理，环节设置连贯，但生单词让出现让学生也略有困难，请针对此类问题，给新教材编辑委员会写信，谈谈你对于新教材的看法，并提出改革意见。
注：120词左右；可适当增加细节使行文连贯；首句已经给出。
【答案】Dear Editor,
As a student reader, I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house. To the book itself, it is not only that it contains a lot of beautiful pictures that makes us be interested in it, but that the topics are so rich that we all find them interesting,because of which we should say thank you to your hard work. The more we learn about the book, the better we can develop our interest about English as well as its rich culture. I am sure where there are good topics as well as good pictures, there is a chance for us to say English out and improve our English.
But every coin has two sides. Some new words also discourage us. So we hope there will be less new words so that we can learn easily. A good book is to us what a necessary bridge is to a traveler,because of which we think your books are very essential. It could not be better if you can improve the book.
【解析】写作中避免对于原题的逐字翻译，所以使用另外的表述方式，适当以细节增加的形式说明，更好让阅卷人对于文章有所青睐。
【拔高】
3.陈若琳，1992年12月12日生于江苏南通。4岁开始练习跳水。她克服困难，艰苦训练。拼搏精神指引她成功，在2012年伦敦奥运会上获得两枚金牌。请你结合陈若琳的实例，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你对拼搏精神的看法。
拼搏精神的意义：1．激励我们直面困难；2．竭力实现目标，走向成功；……
如何培养拼搏精神：1．要坚信人人都有获得成功的潜力；2．遇到挫折不气馁，从失败中学习；
注意：1．对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译； 2．词数150左右；
3．参考词汇：跳水 diving 拼搏精神 determination
培养 cultivate 挫折 setback
【答案】From Chen’s diving story we can see that it is determination that inspires us to face the difficulties in front of us and makes us realize our dream,because of which I strongly believe that where there is a determination, there is a chance for us to see success. Determination is to us what bravery is to soldier. So to some losers, it is not how difficult the barrier is that makes them lose the game, but that they are lack of determination. So how to cultivate determination
First, believe yourself and find out your potential;
Second,learn from failures. Never say die when you meet a setback;
Third, read more books about the stories of the famous to encourage yourself.
Dear friends, the longes distance in the world is not that between life and death, but when you are one stop away from success, you give up because of lacking determination. So, believe yourself, and embrace success!
【解析】首段说明意图，必须有做法的阐述，最后加以点题。
注意：参考词汇必用！
PAGE零基础作文第一讲告别字数困扰
适用学科 英语 适用年级 高二-高三
适用区域 全国通用 课时时长（分钟） 2课时/120分钟
知识点 where地点状语从句；what名词性从句；非限定性定语从句
教学目标 知识：1、掌握地点状语从句的用法及非限定性定语从句的用法。方法：牢记地点状语从句及非限定性定语从句的用法，并能灵活运用。能力：根据作文要求精确选择合适的单词及汉语逻辑进行表达。
教学重点 1、地点状语从句及其变式，非限定性定语从句。
教学难点 1、从句陈述语序及扩展特点
教学过程
课堂导入
同样一道菜，东方和西方的厨师对待的方法非常不同：
西方：盐5克，糖15克，加水500克
东方：盐少许，糖适量，加水若干
两种不同的文化造就了其非常不同的语言特色。东方重个性化，西方重统一化。而在语言之中，更是如此。汉语的强调句靠重音，英语靠it is ……that结构，反映在作文中也是如此。故学习英语作文，更重要注重的先是结构。
二、复习预习
教师引导学生分析目前写作文中遇到的困境及试图的突围方案（提问、讨论），最后教师做一总结。
学生作文的困境：字数不够，语法错误过多，无话可写，耗时太长，深度不够。
引导学生寻找解决方案。如学生无方案则引入本节话题：消灭字数困扰
注意：本节讲解的所有内容均建立在不讲述语法的情况下，故更多在讲解和训练中突出的就是无语法而写句子，并将该观点渗透在学习中，给学生带来新鲜的学习方式和学习效果。
三、知识讲解
知识点1：where地点状语从句的用法
本节讲解的地点状语从句仅限于where引导的状语从句用法，且结构只有一个，其他结构均由此结构衍化而来。
1. Where there is A, there is B.
翻译：有A的地方，就有B. （A/B∈名词、代词、Ving等）
如：Where there is a computer, there is convenience. 有电脑的地方就有便利。
Where there is convenience, there is easy life. 有便利的地方就有舒适的生活。
2. 【考查点】如从句主语为代词，则不可倒装。
如：Where there I am, there is happiness.
3. 该句式还可衍化为：
①Where there is A, there is a chance for us to do sth 有A的地方就有机会做……
如：Where there is a computer, there is a chance for us to enjoy convenience
有电脑的地方，就有机会让我们享受便利。
②Where there is A, there is no B.
有A的地方就没有B
如：Where there is a policeman, there is no thief.
有警察的地方，就没有贼。
③Where there is a place where people do sth, there is B.
有人们做…..的地方就有B
如：Where there is a place where people enjoy convenience, there is easy life.
Where there is a place where people do not litter, there is clean life.
④Where there is a place where people do sth,there is a chance for us to do sth
有人们能做……的地方，我们就有机会做……
如：Where there is a place where people drink wine, there is a chance for us to suffer accidents.
人们喝酒的地方，就有可能发生事故。
知识点2：what名词性从句
观察以下句子：
Apple is what makes us healthy.
Helping others is what makes us happy.
Helping others is what makes our society full of happiness as well as harmony,because of which I think it is time that we helped each other.
Knowing how to succeed is what makes us full of power.
The Chinese Knot is what makes us happy as well as healthy.
结论：A is what makes B C. (A/B∈N/pron/Ving;C∈adj等)
一个简单句子的整理：
History is very important.
History is of great importance.
History is what makes the culture develop.
History is what makes us know who we are, where we come from and where we are going to,because of which I think it is time that we paid attention to our history.
小结：本句子的关键在于如何带入作文内容；
知识点3：非限定性定语从句的用法
本节讲解的非限定性定语从句为：
I.句子，from which we can see that+陈述句
II.句子，because of which we can see that+陈述句
1.【易错点】前提：必须是某句之后，不可单独成句。
如：
Two heads are better than one，from which we can see that we should put our heads together.
He did not come back that night, because of which he was punished the next day.
知识点3：两个句式结合的写法
例1：（此处强调让学生看到字数的统计和写作时间的把控）
④Where there is a place where people do sth, there is a chance for us to do sth，from which we can see that+陈述句
Where there is a place where people help the old, there is a chance for us to enjoy happy life，from which we can see that it is our duty to help the old.
例2：
③Where there is a place where people do sth, there is B, because of which we can see that+A is what makes B C;
Where there is a place where people do their a bit for our environment, there is healthy and happy life, from which we can see that joining this activity is what makes our life better.
例3
⑤Where there is A, there is B，from which we can see that A is what makes B C;
Where there is water, there is life, from which we can see that saving water is what makes our future bright, that is,we should save water as much as possible.
四、例题精析
【例题1】
翻译：有他的地方，就没有忧愁，由此我们可以看到我们应该邀请他一起去出游。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Where there he is, there is no worry, from which we can see that we should invite him to go out for a tour.
【解析】本题考察的是当从句主语是代词的时候其语序问题及如何补充其他简单单词的过程，故此处为there he is，而不是there is he.
【例题2】
翻译：Where there is a Bole, there is a chance for us to see real Qianli horse, because of which we can see that finding a real Bole is what makes the Qianli horse stand out.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】有伯乐的地方，就有机会让我们来看到千里马，因此我们可以看到寻找真正的伯乐就是让真正的千里马现身的关键。
【解析】本题考查对于本节结构的掌握和了解，并注意Ving作主语的翻译，均翻译为一件事情。
【例题3】
翻译：
有人们抵制作弊的地方，就有好的学习风气，由此我们可以看到是该抵制作弊时候了。
【答案】Where there is a place where people refuse cheating, there is a good atmosphere for study, from which we can see that it is time that we refused cheating.
【解析】本题考查对本节句式的熟练掌握和单词的选择，并考察了“是该做……时候了”这个虚拟语气句式的掌握，注意，该句式的谓语为过去式。
五、课堂运用
【基础】
1.翻译：有太阳的地方，就有温暖，因此我们可以看到太阳使得生命有可能,也就是说，太阳对我们很重要。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Where there is the sun, there is warmth, from which we can see that the sun is what makes life possible,that is, the sun is of great importance to us.
【解析】考查句式的掌握和词汇的选用，并注意，将形容词替换成为“of+抽象名词”更利于句式的多样化变换。
2．翻译：
Where there is a place where people recite ancient Chinese, there is a chance for us to enjoy the beauty of ancient Chinese，from which we can see that it is time that we held the competition of reciting the ancient Chinese poems.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】有人们背诵古汉语的地方，就有机会让我们来领略古汉语之美，由此我们可以看到是我们该举办中国古诗背诵大赛时候了。
【解析】考查对句式的理解和翻译，同时考察学生对于虚拟语气句式的认识和翻译。
3．翻译
①有人反对吸烟的地方，就没有吸烟者。
________________________________________________
②有人崇尚勇敢的地方，就无惧死亡。
________________________________________________
【答案】
①Where there is a place where people are against smoking, there is no smoker.
②Where there is a place where people admire bravery, there is no fear to death.
【解析】题干中 “反对”，翻译为“be against”，而“就没有”翻译为：there is no……
。【巩固】
4. 翻译
有奋斗的地方就有机会让你看到成功，由此我们可以看到努力使得梦想得以实现，所以是该努力奋斗时候了。
________________________________________________
【答案】
Where there is struggle, there is a chance for us to see success, from which we can see that working hard is what makes our dream come true. So it is time that we worked hard.
【解析】本句后半句使用虚拟语气，注意使用时候的时态问题。
5. 翻译：有人们认真工作的地方，就没有饥饿和寒冷，因此我们可以看到努力工作是非常重要的。
________________________________________________
【答案】Where there is a place where people work hard, there is no hunger as well as coldness, because of which we can see that working hard is of great importance.
【解析】注意本句后半句的“非常重要”可译为“of+抽象名词”结构。
6.翻译：有他的地方，就有机会看到精彩的魔术表演，因此我们应该邀请他来参加我们班的活动。
________________________________________________
【答案】Where there he is, there is a chance for us to see wonderful magic performance, because of which we should invite him to take part in the activity of our class.
【解析】本句中的主语为代词，代词在从句中是不倒装的，故注意此处的不倒装情况。
【拔高】
7.最近，有一批美国学生将要参观你校自行车俱乐部，校方要求你给他们介绍一下自行
车俱乐部的情况。请按以下要点写一篇发言稿。
1．是交友和锻炼的场所； 2．每周两次训练课；
3．提供免费专业骑车设备； 4．可参加市里比赛；
5．感兴趣的均可报名。
注意：1．词数：100左右；2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．开头结尾已为你写好(不计总数)。
参考词汇：自行车俱乐部 Cycling C1ub
Good morning，dear friends．Welcome to our schoo1． _____________
任务：请用本节的某个结构写出文中需要的关于地点状语从句使用的表达。
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】①Where there is our club, there is a chance for you to make friends with others and get health, from which we can see that taking part in our club is of great use to you. What’s more, riding bike is what makes our life healthy. (48words)
②As we know,where there is a place where people ride bikes, there is health, because of which we sincerely invite you to take part in our club. (27 words)
【解析】说出参加本俱乐部的优势为本文非常重要的一个步骤，故在写作时候一定考虑到文章的需要和目前具备句式的关系，寻找其契合点。
8. 据高考不到六十天的时间了，很多高考生家长都为孩子请来高考保姆，学校挂高考倒计时牌，每天上午、下午第一节课前，由老师带领全班学生喊口号……对于家长和学校的这些做法人们褒贬不一。
请根据以上说明、写作要点和写作要求，为校刊“英语角”版面写一篇短文。
写作要点：
1．赞成者观点；
2．反对者观点；
3．自己的观点。
任务：请用本节的某个结构写出文中需要的关于地点状语从句使用的表达。
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【答案】Where there is a place where parents help their children do everything, there is a chance for their children to devote all their time to studying, from which we can see that parents’ love is of great importance for their children, while other people do not think so. They believe that where there is a place where people do so, there is few chance for children to be independent, so it is time that parents let children do what they should do.
【解析】根据文章意思选择合适句式，文章中体现的就是父母帮助孩子的利与弊，故在选择句型的时候必须考虑文章的主题意思。
9. 根据下图写出你的看法。
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【答案】From the picture we can see that where there is a place where two partners do not share the same goal, there is no chance for them to get success, from which we can see that sharing the same goal is what makes our aim realized.
【解析】图中所示的情况为目标不一致的情况，故在写句子的时候，一定突出“一致”“不一致”这样的主题，便于在写作的时候能找到好的思路。
课程小结
本节课主要围绕关于地点状语从句及非限定性定语从句在作文中的用法进行较为详实的展开讲解，并解决了学生困扰的几大问题，给学生提供动力和信心是本节课一个非常大的要求，并且采用一种学生没有使用过的作文形式，更能大大增加学生参与写作的热情，并潜移默化将地点状语从句、非限定性定语从句、it is time that虚拟语气及 “of+抽象名词”形式融入其中，形成一定的语言习惯，给后面进行相关专题讲解时候带来一定便利。
不强调语法而进行语法写作，这是本节课一个非常重要的课题，也是教学中的一种创新和应用，故在教学中多进行互动性的训练，给学生提供更多实战性场景，尽情展现结构在作文中的妙用，给下一节课的参与注入最大的动力。
课后作业
【基础】
1.翻译：Where there is a place where some people gather, there is a chance for me to learn something useful from one of them.
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【答案】三人行，必有我师
【解析】本题考查学生对于结构的掌握和应用，用学生对于词汇的感知及对于汉语的了解进行翻译，容易调动其参与热度。
【巩固】
2. 翻译：Where there is a place where a child makes mistake, there is a need for the parents to correct their ways of teaching children.
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【答案】子不教，父之过
【解析】本题考查学生对于变换句式的翻译和理解。
【拔高】
3. 李华准备到外企求职，必须具备一定的英语水平。请发e-mail 告知他学英语的方法。
提示：
1 养成良好的学习习惯（如….）
2多看英语电视和电影；扩大词汇量(enlarge your vocabulary)；
3 要有自信；多讲，多用，不要怕出错。(have confidence in yourself)
请写出本节课中所学能够用到文章中的精彩句子。
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【答案】Where there is a place where you have confidence in yourself, there is a chance for you to speak out what you have learnt, from which we can see that it is time that you had confidence in yourself.
Seeing English movies is what makes the students’ vocabulary enlarged, because of which I strongly believe that where there is a place where one sees English film, there is a chance for him not only improve his English but also promote his confidence.
【解析】本题考查学生判断并寻找合适句子的能力，以原文的要求为出发点，寻找合适的句子和句式，同时结合汉语逻辑，这样就能写出符合文章需要的句子，并给文章增色。
VS
①,from which we can see that+陈述句
②，because of which we can see that+陈述句
Where there is A, there is a chance for us to do sth
Where there is A, there is no B.
③Where there is a place where people do sth, there is B.
④Where there is A, there is B.
⑤A is what makes B C
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