Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth 语法精析+学法应用+典题技精炼

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 13 We are trying to save the earth .
语法精析
初中阶段动词时态语态的用法汇总（一）
定动词的时态和语态
一般现在时
1．一般现在时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法 表示经常性、习惯性或反复做的动作。 表示现存在的状态或特征表述客观真理、科学事实或格言警句。
基本结构 主语+be动词（am, is , are）+表语主语+行为动词原形++其他(当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用它的第三人称单数形式)
时间状语 every day , every year , on weekends , sometimes , usually , often , always …
I can’t read the letter ! The boss’s handwriting is terrible ! 我看不懂这封信，老板的书写太糟糕了。
She’s a lovely girl and I like her very much . 她是一个可爱的女孩，我很喜欢她。
2．注意点
在时间、条件状语从句中， 如果主句是一般将来时，从句通常要用一般现在时代替将来时。如：
We will go on a picnic if doesn’t rain tomorrow . 如果明天不下雨，我们会去野餐 。
一般过去时
1． 一般过去进的用法、构成和时间状语
用法 表示过去经常或反复发生的会作。 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
基本结构 主语+was/were+表语主语+行为动词的过去式+其他
时间状语 yesterday , the day before yesterday , in 2008, last week , just now …
My parents were at home just now . 刚才我父母在家。
Last Wednesday , I went for a walk in the woods . 上星期三，我去树林里散步 。
2． 注意点
（1）规则动词的过去式通常以-ed结尾，如opened , lived , stopped , planned 等。 不规则动词的过去式有如下几种：
规律 例 句
过去式和动词原形一致 cut -cut read -read cost -cost hurt -hurt
改变中间的元音字母 come – came run – ran swim – swam become – became win -won hold – held
其他变化 sell – sold take – took say -said speak – spoke pay – paid tell – told buy – bought build – built
(2)there be 的一般过去时的结构是There was/were +主语+其他。如：
There was a small pond in the village five years ago . 五年前，这个村子有一个小池塘。
一般将来时
1．一般将来时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法 表示将来某个时间即将发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。 表示某人的一种打算或计划。
基本结构 主语+will+动词原形+其他主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形+其他
时间状语 tomorrow , the day after tomorrow , next week , soon , in the future , in five days
I will stay at home and look after my sick sister . 我会待在家里照顾我生病的妹妹。
Debbie is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow . 黛比准备明天游过英吉利海峡。
2．注意点
（1）there be 的一般将来时的结构是There will be 或There is /are going to be . 如：
Ｔhere will be heavy rain tomorrow . 明天将会有大雨。
There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon. 今天下午将会有一场篮球赛。
（2）若描述经过计划或安排而打算要做的事情，通常有be going to ,而不是will . 如：
My brother is going to learn English next year . 我哥哥准备明年泶英语。
考点四 现在进行时
1.现在进行时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法 表示现在或此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
基本结构 主语+am/is/are +现在分词+其他
时间状语 now , at the moment , these days 或当look, listen 等词位于句首时
They are waiting for me at the bus stop at the moment 他们现在正在公共汽车站等我。
Look！They are playing basketball over there . 看！他们正在那边打篮球。
注意点
（1）现在分词通常在动词词尾加-ing. 如swimming , looking , reading , playing 等。
(2) 对于表示位置移动的动词来说， 通常用现在进行时来表示将来。如：
I’m leaving for Shanghai tomorrow . 明天我打算去上海。
过去进行时
过去进行时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
基本结构 主语+was /were+现在分词+其他
时间状语 at this time yesterday , at that moment 或句中有when , while 引导时间状语从句时
We were watching TV at this time yesterday . 昨天这个时候我们正在看电视 。
注意点
When 引导的时间状语从句可以用一般过去时，也可以用过去进行时； while引导的时间引导的时间状语从句通常用过去进行时。如：
Ｍｙ　mother was cooking in the kitchen when I arrived home .当我到家的时候，我妈妈正在厨房做饭。
I was reading a novel when my sister was doing her homework 我妹妹正在做家庭作业的时候，我正在读小说。
Someone knocked at the door while I was cooking . 我正做饭的时候，有人敲门。
现在完成时
1.现在完成时的用法、构成和时间状语
用法 表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果 。
基本结构 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
时间状语 already , yet , ever , never , just , before , so far 等。 for和表示时间段的短语搭配since和表示过去某一时刻的词、短语连用。
We have already cleaned the classroom . 我们已经打扫过教室了。
She has worked in the factory since two years ago . 她从两年前就在这家工厂工作了。
2. 注意点
（1）通常情况下， 过去分词和过去式写法一致。但也有不一致的情况，如come 的过去式是came , 过去分词是come; drink的过去式是drank , 过去分词是drunk .
(2)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。如：
我离开这所学校已八年了。
误：I’ve left this school for eight years.
正：I’ve been away from this school for eight years .
他借用我的词典已两天了。
误：He has borrowed my dictionary for two days .
正：He has kept my dictionary for two days .
(3 ) 当非延续性动词需要和时间段搭配时，可将非延续性动词(短语)转化为延续性动词（短语）或“be+形容词/副词”的结构 。如：
buy- have borrow – keep
open- be open close – be closed
start/begin- be on come – be here
finish -be over die – be dead
leave – be away join – be in/be a member of
They have been away for three months . 他们已经离开三个月了。
I have had the camera for one year . 这个照相机我买了一年了。
被动语态
被动语态的结构
被动语态的结构是“be+动词的过去分词”。人称、数和时态的变化都是通过be的变化表现出来的。 在中考中常考的几种被动语态的结构有：
一般现在时 am/is/are +动词的过去分词
一般过去时 was/were+动词的过去分词
一般将来时 will be +动词的过去分词be going to be +动词的过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are being +动词的过去分词
现在完成时 have/has+been+动词的过去分词
含情态动词的结构 can/may/must/should+be+动词过去分词
The classroom is cleaned by us every day .我们每天都打扫教室。
The letter was posted last week . 这封信上个星期就寄出去了。
The flowers are being watered by my mother . 我妈妈正在浇花。
Their wedding will be held next month 他们的婚礼将于下个月举行。
That movie is going to be directed by a young director 那部电影将会由一位年轻的导演执导。
Five novels have been written by the writer so far . 到目前为止，那位作家已经写了五部小说了。
Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes . 应该允许青海年选择他们自己的衣服。
注意点
如果句中含有双宾语，变被动语态时可以将其中的任何一个宾语变为主语，另一个不变。通常将间接宾语变为主语。但如果要把直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for .如：
My father bought me a gift yesterday 昨天我爸爸给我买了一份礼物。
I was bought a gift by my father yesterday .
=A gift was bought for me by my father yesterday .
在主动语态中，make,see, hear , watch , notice等动词后面的动词不定式要省略to, 但变为被动语态时，不能省略to . 如：
I saw him play in the playground 我看见他在操场上玩。
He was seen to play in the playground .
典题精炼
选择填空。
Isn’t it strange that the cat is used to ______(lie) beside the dog peacefully
You _______ . Don’t talk on the phone .
will drive B. are driving C. were driving D. have driven
-A talk on American culture _______ in the school hall yesterday afternoon .
-It’s a pity . I missed it .
gave B . was given C. has given D. have driven
______ a light when necessary . You will bring light to other people and yourself .
Try on B. Get on C. Turn on D. Put on
Our English teacher often says to us , “________English well is very important .”
Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning
It’s dangerous ______with the wild animal .
for us to play B. of us playing C. for us playing D. of us to play
Between the two hills ______ a deep river.
are B. have C. has D. is
Do you know the little boy ______ is helping the old man cross the road.
which B. who C. whom
学法应用
单项选择。
( ) 1. The girl often _______ cold when she ______ .
catchs; dances B. catches ; dances C. catchs ; dances D. catches ; dances
( ) 2. -_____ he _____ himself there
-No, I don’t think so .
Do ; enjoy B. Does ; enjoys C. Does ; enjoys D. Does ; enjoy
( ) 3. I ______ to the cinema . I _____ there every Sunday .
go; go B. am going ; go C. go ; am going D . am going ; am going
( ) 4. Look ! They _____ a good time , ______they
have; do B. have ; don’t C. are having ; are D are having ; aren’t
( ) 5. I _____that the boy ______ with no tears in his eyes .
noticed ; is crying B. noticed ; was crying
C noticed ; cried D. noticed ; cryed
( ) 6. When I _____ the Children’s Palace , the children ______with job .
visited ; jumped B. visited ; were jumping
C visited ; jumping D. was visiting ; jumped
( ) 7. The boy ____ English on the radio when I _____ his door .
learned ; was opening
was learning ; opened
learned ; opened
is learning ; open
( ) 8. A young man ____ her while she _____ her work .
watched ; was doing
was watching ; finished
watched ; finished
was watching ; was doing
( ) 9. The teacher ______ us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom .
gave B. is giving C . was given D. was giving
( ) 10. _____ you _____ the film before Where _____ you _____ it
Have ; seen ; did ; see B. Did ; see ; did ; watch
C Have ; seen ; have ; seen D. Did ; see ; have ; seen
( ) 11. You _____ me waiting for two hours . I ______for you since five .
kept ; waited B. have kept ; waited
kept ; have waited D. have kept; have waited
( ) 12. -Where _____ John _______
-To the library . He ______ there for an hour .
has ; been ; has gone B. has ; gone ; has been
C did ; go ; went D. did ; be ; went
参考答案
典题精炼
lying 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B
语法精炼
1-5 DBBDB 6-10 BBDDA 11-12 DB
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