(共48张PPT)
牛津版七年级上册
第一轮复习 讲练测
七年级上 3-4 单元（讲）
语言目标
一、重点短语
1.在陆地上 on the land
2. 为……提供…… provide with
3. 把……倒入……put…. into
4. 停止做某事stop doing
5. 保护地球 protect the Earth
6. 为了我们的未来for our future
7. 例如 for example
8. 扔掉 throw away
9.take a trip旅行
10. go on a picnic去野餐
11. make snowmen堆雪人
12. fly kites 放风筝
13. go swimming去游泳
14. have a picnic野餐
15. during the Spring Festival在春节期间
16.at that time在那时
17. have a good time过得愉快
18. go to the beach 去海滩
二、精讲精练
要点 1：protect
protect 保护
(1) protect against 意为“使免受”(大事件）;防范
(2) protect from 意为“使免受”（小事件）
He is always protecting himself from danger. 他总是保护着自己免受侵害
(3) protection n. 意为“保护，防卫”
1. 你最好戴上太阳镜，来保护你的眼睛免受阳光的伤害。
You’d better wear sunglasses to _________ your eyes __________ sunshine.
【答案】protect from/against
2. Alice wants to buy a pair of sunglasses to protect herself________ the sun.
A. for B. under C. with D. against
【答案】D句意：Alice想买一副眼镜，来保护他自己阻挡太阳。Protect...against表示保护……免受……。根据题意，故选D。
要点2 provide
(1) provide sth for sb意为“为某人准备某物”
(2) provide sb with sth 意思和(1)相同,宾语换了一下
【典例分析】
1. 他为他的家人提供食物和衣服。
He provided food and clothes for his family.
＝ He _________his family ________food and clothes.
【答案】provided with
2．They didn’t provide me food, so I had to find something to eat.
A．for B．to C．about D．with
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们没有给我提供食物，于是我不得不找东西吃。provide sb．with sth．相当于provide sth．for sb．为某人提供某物。故选D。
要点3 land
(1) land作动词，意为“降落(或跳落、跌落)到地面(或水面上)。”
(2) land还可作名词，意为“陆地;大地”。 by land意为“经陆路”
【典例分析】
1.请判断land的词性
We live on the land.
【点拨】land 陆地。名词。
The plane landed in Shanghai.
【点拨】land 着陆，动词。
要点4 own
own作形容词，意为“自己的,特有的”，常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词one’s (my / our / your / his / her / its / their)一起使用,以加强语气。
(1) 如果被修饰的名词前没有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own直接前置修饰该名词。例如:
This is not my uncle’s own house. 这不是我叔叔自己的房子。
(2) 如果被修饰名词前面已经有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own就要与of构成短语一起放在该名词后面作后置定语。例如:
She has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的,所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house _________，and the house was built ________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
【答案】of his own 意为“（某人）自己的” on his own意为“独自” owner “所有权人；主人”
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
【答案】你晚上一个人到森林里去散步是很危险的。on one's own意为“独自”，符合题意。
3.It’s against the law for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private C. his own D. own his private
【答案】句意为“他未经允许闯入我的私人房屋是违法的”。Own 私人的。故选A
要点5 stop
stop的用法
（1）stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，doing是stop的宾语，是要停止的动作。
（2）stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”, to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。
（3）stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事
1. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
2. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
【答案】B 最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”
3.大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
【答案】stopped from playing。stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事。
要点6
also, too, as well与either的区别
用too, also, as well或either填空
1. They __________ went to the park last weekend.
2. He didn’t bring his homework to school, __________.
3. She bought some clothes __________.
4. Jack went fishing, __________.
5. David's parents can speak Chinese, and he can ______ speak Chinese.
6. Mr. Green doesn't like going climbing ______.
【点拨】1.also 常用在句中，be动词之后行为动词之前。
2.either 用于否定句中，句末。3.as well用于肯定句句末。不用逗号。
4.too 用于肯定句句末。用逗号隔开。 5. also.放在句中。
6.either。 用于否定句，而且只能放在句末。
要点 7 It is+ adj.+ for sb. +to do sth
It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.对我们来说，为未来而保护地球是重要.的。
It is+ adj.+ for sb. +to do sth 对某人来说做某事是……
It is important for us to learn English. 对我们来说学英语很重要。
“It's＋形容词＋of （for ）sb.＋to do sth.”
在“It's＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do sth.”结构中，形容词是描述人物品格的词，如friendly, honest, kind等。
在“It is＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth.”结构中，形容词是描述事物的词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, possible等。
1. As we all know, is not safe to rush to the school canteen.
A. this B that C it D be
【点拨】C 考查句式结构：it’s adj to do。做某事。。。怎样的。It做形式主语。
2. It is important ______ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. learning D. to learn
【点拨】D 掌握句式：It’s adj for to do 。做某事对某人来说。。。怎样的 句意：学好英语很重要。
3.学习英语很重要。
_______ is important _______ _________ English .
4.学习英语对我们来说很重要。
______ is important ______ us _______ _______ English.
【答案】It is to study It is for to study
5. 对一个13岁的男孩来说，独自去外国旅游真的是很勇敢。
________ brave _______ a 13-year-old boy ______ ______ around the foreign countries alone.
【答案】It’s of to travel
要点8 snowy
Sometimes it is snowy.有时下雪。
snowy作形容词，意为“下雪的，多雪的”，是由“名词snow(雪)+后缀y”构成的。
It is a snowy day.这是一个雪天。
拓展
(1)now还可作动词，意为“下雪”。
(2)表示天气现象的“名词+后缀y”构成的形容词还有:
rain(雨)- rainy(多雨的) cloud(云)- cloudy(多云的) wind(风) windy(多风的)
sun(太阳)- sunny(阳光充足的) fog(雾)-foggy(有雾的)
关于天气的词汇汇总：
warm hot cool cold sunny clear fine
windy strong wind rainy shower snowy heavy rain foggy
1. It rains a lot in summer in Beijing.
It's often _______.
【答案】 rainy
2. There're a lot of clouds. It's ________.
【答案】cloudy
3. The weather is snowy and there’s a lot of ______ in the park.
【答案】snow
4. The sun is out. It’s very ________ and hot today.
【答案】sunny
要点9 “四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）
词汇 用法
spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
1. spend time/money on sth.
在....上花费时间/金钱
2. spend time/money (in) doing sth.
花费时间/金钱做某事
cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”
take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构：
1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人）
2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱
3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱
4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。
1. It _______ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】B
【解析】句意：读完郭敬明写的这部小时花费了我两周的时间。考查易混动词用法辨别。根据人花费作主语用spend / pay，物花费作主语用take / cost，再根据短语搭配take sb some time + to dos th，判断为take；故选B。
2. The new T-shirt ______________ me fifty yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这件新的T恤衫花费了我50远。考查易混动词用法辨析。根据物作主语用take/cost；再根据短语搭配cost sb some money；判断为cost；故选D。
3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book.
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent
【答案】A.
【解析】主语是人(he)。并且从后面搭配用for可知答案选A。pay…for为...付钱（给某人）
4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day.
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
【答案】A
【解析】主语是人(I )。并且从后面搭配用on可知答案选A. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱
5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework.
A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing
【答案】D
【解析】主语是人(Jack ) . spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。in省略。
要点10 exciting
exciting: adj.令人激动的，激动的。在句子中，修饰的是物品或事物
excited: adj. 激动人心的，在句子中，修饰人。意思为：……感到激动
用来修饰人的形容词 bored 感到厌烦的；
relaxed 感到放松的；
interested 感到有趣的；
surprised 感到吃惊的
用来修饰物的形容词 boring 令人厌烦的；
relaxing 使人放松的；
interesting 有趣的；
surprising 令人惊讶的
1. I am _______ to see my old friend again. (excite)
【解析】excited “ed”的形容词。用来修饰人的形容词。
2. He tells me an ________ story every day. (excite)
【解析】exciting “ing”的形容词，用来修饰物的形容词。
3. The children are very _______ to play games. (excite)
【解析】excited “ed”的形容词。用来修饰人的形容词。
要点11 in the north (south / east / west) of ... 在……的北部(南部 / 东部 / 西部)。
辨析：
in the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指在某一范围内的地区；
to the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指互不接壤的两个地区；
on the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指接壤的两个地区。如：
in 表示在地点内部
on 表示两地接壤
to 表示两地相隔
用适当介词填空
1. Hong Kong is________ the south of China.
2. Japan is _________the east of China.
3. Canada is________ the north of the US.
【答案】： 1，in 香港属于中国管辖的一部分。故用“in”。
2. to 日本不属于中国且隔海不接壤。故用“to”
3.on 加拿大与美国接壤的两个国家。故用“on”
要点12 during
during的用法
People usually spend time with their relatives during the Spring Festival.
春节期间人们通常花时间和亲戚在一起。
during作介词，意为“在…期间”，强调动作或状态的持续性。在表示一段时间的名词(如stay、 holiday、 visit等)前，一般要用 during.
I visited my uncle during my visit in Beijing.我在北京游览期间拜访了我的叔叔。
during与in区别
1.强调动作或状态的持续性时用during.
During the three months he always asks a lot of questions.
We usually spend a holiday in July.
2.在季节名词前用during是特指，要用定冠词 the
Children enjoy flying kites in spring.
We often go skating during the winter.
3.在表示一段时间的名词（如holiday, stay, visit, lesson, meal等）前，一般要用during
I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing.
I will visit my grandparents during the summer holidays.
【典例分析】
1.他在巴黎期间，与他的朋友住在一起。
1.He lived with his friends while he was in Paris.= He lived with his friends________ _______ _______ in Paris.
【答案】during his stay。在他停留期间。
2. You can take the place of me ______ my absence (缺席).
A. while B. when C. during
【答案】 C
【解析】在缺席时。during强调动作或状态的持续性。在表示一段时间的名词连用。
要点13 辨析：a few & few & a little & little（高频考题）
a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。
There are a few apples in the box.盒子里有几个苹果。
There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。
few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。
a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。
There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。
There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水。
little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
【答案】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
【答案】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
【答案】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
【答案】little a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
【答案】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
【答案】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。
语法目标
可数与不可数名词
1. 表示可以计算数目的人或物的名词称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形态。单数可数名词前一般要用不定冠词a/an。可数名词可与具体数词连用，可用many, a few, few, some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of修饰。对可数名词的数量提问用how many。
2. 表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词，称为不可数名词。它们前面不能用不定冠词a/an，没有复数形式。不可与具体数词连用。可用much, a little, little, some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of修饰。对不可数名词的数量提问用how much。
当表示不可数名词的确切数量时，通常在不可数名词前加上“数词+单位名词+of”表示。整个词组的单、复数由单位名词的单、复数决定。
3.运用there is/are...句型
There is/are ...句型表示“某处有（或存在）某人或某物”，其结构为：There is/are + 名词+地点状语。
is与单数可数名词或不可数名词连用，are与复数可数名词连用。用is还是are由紧跟其后的名词决定。
一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
1 apple ________ 2 monkey ________
3 class __________ 4 desk _________
5 Foot _________ 6 box __________
7 piano __________ 8 family _________
9 child _________ 10 toy __________
11 Chinese __________ 12 boy _________
13 photo __________ 14 potato __________
15 city __________ 16 sheep _________
17 country __________ 18 tooth _________
19 month __________ 20 woman __________
【答案】1.apples 2.monkeys 3.classes 4.desks 5.feet 6.boxes 7.pianos 8.families 9.children 10.toys 11.chinese 12.boys 13.photos 14.potatoes 15.cities 16.sheep 17.countries 18.teeth 19.months 20.women
二、将可数名词和不可数名词分类，填入对应的位置：
apple, bread, coffee, egg, juice, milk, potato, advice, tomato, tea, desk, guitar, tree, bus, weather, information
可数名词：____________________________________________________________
不可数名词：____________________________________________________________
【答案】可数名词：apple, egg, potato, tomato, tea, desk, guitar, tree, bus,
不可数名词bread, coffee, juice, milk, advice, tea, weather, information
三、翻译短句。(there be 结构)
1 椅子下面有一只猫。
【答案】There is a cat under the chair.
2 教室里没有20个学生。
【答案】There are not 20 students in the classroom.
3 袋子里有一些面包。
【答案】There is some bread in the bag.
4 你们学校有多少个班？
【答案】How many classes are there in your school
4.形容词的用法
(1) 形容词作定语，一般放在名词前面。
a high building 一座高楼 a clever girl 一个聪明的女孩
(2)形容词作表语，放在系动词的后面。
The garden is beautiful. 这个花园很漂亮。
The food tastes nice. 这道菜尝起来味道很好。
（3）句型“It is+形容词+to do”的用法
It is+形容词+to do 表示“做……怎样”。
It is hard to learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语很难。
用括号中单词的形容词形式填空。
1. This plant needs a warm and ___________(sun) place.
2. It is a __________ (snow) winter this year.
3. Jimmy told us about his ______________ (amaze) trip to Hong Kong.
4. The Greens spent a ______________ (love) day by the sea.
5. Jenny often wears a _____________ (fun) hat.
6. Our classmates are all very _____________ (friend).
7. The water is very ______________ (dirt), please don’t drink it..
8. During the Spring Festival, I usually get some ________ (luck) money
9. The book is ____________. everyone is __________( interest) in it.
10. China is an _______ (Asia) country.
【答案】：1,sunny 2, snowy 3,amazing 4 lovely 5, funny 6, friendly 7, dirty 8, lucky 9.interesting interested 10. Asian
语用目标
一、阅读目标
能掌握关于季节描述和环境保护的相关的短语和词汇以及相对应难度的文章。
二、写作目标
能够用所学的单词短语描述四个季节，并且能写出保护环境的短文。
1.环境正变得越来越糟糕。
【答案】The environment is becoming worse and worse.
2. 为了保护环境，我们最好不用塑料袋。
【答案】In order to protect the environment , we’d better not use plastic bags.
3.当你出门时，你应该乘公共汽车而不开车。
【答案】 When going out ,we should take a bus instead of driving a car.
4. 如果人人都能做这些小事，世界就有大改变。
【答案】 If everyone can do these small things, we can make a big difference.
5. 我们必须停止砍伐树林。多种树。
【答案】 We must stop cutting down trees, and plant more.
6 在春季，天气开始变得温暖。(start to)
【答案】In spring, the weather starts to get warm.
7. 春天去旅行是很令人兴奋的。(It is … to do sth.)
【答案】It is exciting to take a trip in spring.
8. 叶子变成棕色、红色或黄色，并开始从树上落下。(start doing sth.; fall from)
【答案】Leaves turn brown, red or yellow and start falling from the trees.
9. 在每年的这个时候去野餐是很好的，因为这时天气凉爽而干燥。（at this time of year）
【答案】It is nice to go on a picnic at this time of year because the weather is cool and dry.
10. 孩子们喜欢冬天，因为他们喜欢在雪地里玩耍。(love to do sth.)
【答案】Children love winter because they love to play in the snow.
【实战演练】
假设你是来自美国 Westtown School的Alex，现在在广州某中学做交换生。你很喜欢这座城市，但最近发现该市存在一些环境问题。请你给市长先生写一封信，简要分析造成这些问题的原因并提出你自己的建议。词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。
环境 问题1 问题 白色污染随处可见。
原因 人们过多使用一次性用品，如塑料，塑料饭盒等。
建议 人们应尽量使用自己的杯子、饭盒等。
环境 问题2 问题 空气不是很好。
原因 马路上的汽车越来越多。
建议 ●人们应多使用公共交通。
●乘公共汽车和使用共享单车是个不错的主意。
参考词汇:白色污染 white pollution 一次性用品 disposable things
塑料饭盒 plastic lunch boxes 共享单车 shared bikes
公共交通 public transportation
Dear Mr. Mayor,
I’m from Westtown School in the USA. I came to Guangzhou as an exchange student. I like this city, but I don't think the environment here is good enough.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope the environment in your city gets better and better.
Yours sincerely,
Alex
Dear Mr.Mayor,
I’m from Westtown School in the USA. I came to Guangzhou as an exchange student. I like this city, but I don't think the environment here is good enough.
As far as I am concerned, there are two main pollution. The first problem is white pollution. White pollution can be seen everywhere. The reason is that people use too many disposable things, such as plastic and plastic lunch boxes. To solve this problem, we should try our best to use our own cups and lunch boxes. If we do that, it not only can help reduce the white pollution but also keep healthy. The second problem is the air quality. There are too many cars in the road, which makes the air bad. To improve the air quality, we are supposed to take public transportation. It is a good idea to take the bus and ride shared bike.
I hope the environment in your city gets better and better.
Yours sincerely,
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
七上Unit 3-4
一、重点短语
1. 在陆地上 on the land 3. 为……提供…… provide with
3. 把……倒入……put…. into 4. 停止做某事stop doing
5. 保护地球 protect the Earth 6. 为了我们的未来for our future
7. 例如 for example 8. 扔掉 throw away
9.take a trip旅行 10. go on a picnic去野餐
11. make snowmen堆雪人 12. fly kites 放风筝
13. go swimming去游泳 14. have a picnic野餐
15. during the Spring Festival在春节期间 16.at that time在那时
17. have a good time过得愉快 18. go to the beach 去海滩
二、精讲精练
要点 1：protect
protect 保护
(1) protect against 意为“使免受”(大事件）;防范
(2) protect from 意为“使免受”（小事件）
He is always protecting himself from danger. 他总是保护着自己免受侵害
(3) protection n. 意为“保护，防卫”
【典例分析】
1. 你最好戴上太阳镜，来保护你的眼睛免受阳光的伤害。
You’d better wear sunglasses to __________ your eyes ______________ sunshine.
【答案】protect from/against
2. Alice wants to buy a pair of sunglasses to protect herself________ the sun.
A. for B. under C. with D. against
【答案】D句意：Alice想买一副眼镜，来保护他自己阻挡太阳。Protect...against表示保护……免受……。根据题意，故选D。
要点2 provide
(1) provide sth for sb意为“为某人准备某物”
(2) provide sb with sth 意思和(1)相同,宾语换了一下
【典例分析】
1. 他为他的家人提供食物和衣服。
He provided food and clothes for his family.
＝ He _________his family ________food and clothes.
【答案】provided with
2．They didn’t provide me food, so I had to find something to eat.
A．for B．to C．about D．with
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们没有给我提供食物，于是我不得不找东西吃。provide sb．with sth．相当于provide sth．for sb．为某人提供某物。故选D。
要点3 land
(1) land作动词，意为“降落(或跳落、跌落)到地面(或水面上)。”
(2) land还可作名词，意为“陆地;大地”。 by land意为“经陆路”
【典例分析】
1.请判断land的词性
We live on the land.
【点拨】land 陆地。名词。
The plane landed in Shanghai.
【点拨】land 着陆，动词。
要点4 own
own作形容词，意为“自己的,特有的”，常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词one’s (my / our / your / his / her / its / their)一起使用,以加强语气。
(1) 如果被修饰的名词前没有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own直接前置修饰该名词。例如:
This is not my uncle’s own house. 这不是我叔叔自己的房子。
(2) 如果被修饰名词前面已经有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own就要与of构成短语一起放在该名词后面作后置定语。例如:
She has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
【答案】of his own 意为“（某人）自己的” on his own意为“独自” owner “所有权人；主人”
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
【答案】你晚上一个人到森林里去散步是很危险的。on one's own意为“独自”，符合题意。
3.It’s against the law for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private
C. his own D. own his private
【答案】句意为“他未经允许闯入我的私人房屋是违法的”。Own 私人的。故选A
要点5 stop
stop的用法
（1）stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，doing是stop的宾语，是要停止的动作。
（2）stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”, to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。
（3）stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事
【典例分析】
1. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
2. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
【答案】B 最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”
3.大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
【答案】stopped from playing。stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事。
要点6
also, too, as well与either的区别
【典例分析】
用too, also, as well或either填空
1. They __________ went to the park last weekend.
2. He didn’t bring his homework to school, __________.
3. She bought some clothes __________.
4. Jack went fishing, __________.
5. David's parents can speak Chinese, and he can ______ speak Chinese.
6. Mr. Green doesn't like going climbing ______.
【点拨】1.also 常用在句中，be动词之后行为动词之前。
2.either 用于否定句中，句末。
3.as well用于肯定句句末。不用逗号。
4.too 用于肯定句句末。用逗号隔开。
5. also.放在句中。
6.either。 用于否定句，而且只能放在句末。
要点 7 It is+ adj.+ for sb. +to do sth
It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.对我们来说，为未来而保护地球是重要.的。
It is+ adj.+ for sb. +to do sth 对某人来说做某事是……
It is important for us to learn English. 对我们来说学英语很重要。
“It's＋形容词＋of （for ）sb.＋to do sth.”
在“It's＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do sth.”结构中，形容词是描述人物品格的词，如friendly, honest, kind等。
在“It is＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth.”结构中，形容词是描述事物的词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, possible等。
It's very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
【典例分析】
1. As we all know, is not safe to rush to the school canteen.
A. this B that C it D be
【点拨】C 考查句式结构：it’s adj to do。做某事。。。怎样的。It做形式主语。
2. It is important ______ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. learning D. to learn
【点拨】D 掌握句式：It’s adj for to do 。做某事对某人来说。。。怎样的 句意：学好英语很重要。
3.学习英语很重要。
_______ is important ________ _________ English .
4.学习英语对我们来说很重要。
________ is important _______ us _________ _________ English.
【答案】It is to study It is for to study
5. 对一个13岁的男孩来说，独自去外国旅游真的是很勇敢。
________ brave ________ a 13-year-old boy ________ ________ around the foreign countries alone.
【答案】It’s of to travel
要点8 snowy
Sometimes it is snowy.有时下雪。
snowy作形容词，意为“下雪的，多雪的”，是由“名词snow(雪)+后缀y”构成的。
It is a snowy day.这是一个雪天。
拓展
(1)now还可作动词，意为“下雪”。
(2)表示天气现象的“名词+后缀y”构成的形容词还有:
rain(雨)- rainy(多雨的) cloud(云)- cloudy(多云的) wind(风) windy(多风的)
sun(太阳)- sunny(阳光充足的) fog(雾)-foggy(有雾的)
关于天气的词汇汇总：
warm hot cool cold
sunny clear fine
windy strong wind
rainy shower snowy heavy rain foggy
【典例分析】
1. It rains a lot in summer in Beijing.
It's often _______.
【答案】 rainy
2. There're a lot of clouds. It's ________.
【答案】cloudy
3. The weather is snowy and there’s a lot of ______ in the park.
【答案】snow
4. The sun is out. It’s very ________ and hot today.
【答案】sunny
要点9
“四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）
词汇 用法
spend 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱 2. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
cost 主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sth costs (sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”
take 后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构： 1. “It takes sb +时间+to do sth” 做某事花费某人多少时间。 2. “doing sth takes sb +时间” 做某事花费某人多少时间。
pay 主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： 1. pay (sb) money for sth. 为...付钱（给某人） 2. pay for sth. 付....的 钱 3. pay for sb. 替某人付钱 4. pay sb. 付钱给某人。
【典例分析】
一、单项选择：
1. It ______________ me two weeks to finish reading the novel written by Guo Jingming.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】B
【解析】句意：读完郭敬明写的这部小时花费了我两周的时间。考查易混动词用法辨别。根据人花费作主语用spend / pay，物花费作主语用take / cost，再根据短语搭配take sb some time + to dos th，判断为take；故选B。
2. The new T-shirt _______________ me fifty yuan.
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这件新的T恤衫花费了我50远。考查易混动词用法辨析。根据物作主语用take/cost；再根据短语搭配cost sb some money；判断为cost；故选D。
3.He ___________ twenty yuan for the book.
A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent
【答案】A.
【解析】主语是人(he)。并且从后面搭配用for可知答案选A。pay…for为...付钱（给某人）
4.I usually ____________ two hours on my homework every day.
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
【答案】A
【解析】主语是人(I )。并且从后面搭配用on可知答案选A. spend time/money on sth. 在....上花费时间/金钱
5.Jack usually __________ an hour ___________ his homework.
A. takes, to do B. pays, for doing C. spends, on doing D. spends, doing
【答案】D
【解析】主语是人(Jack ) . spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。in省略。
要点10 exciting
exciting: adj.令人激动的，激动的。在句子中，修饰的是物品或事物
excited: adj. 激动人心的，在句子中，修饰人。意思为：……感到激动
用来修饰人的形容词 bored 感到厌烦的； relaxed 感到放松的； interested 感到有趣的； surprised 感到吃惊的
用来修饰物的形容词 boring 令人厌烦的； relaxing 使人放松的； interesting 有趣的； surprising 令人惊讶的
【典例分析】
1. I am _______ to see my old friend again. (excite)
【解析】excited “ed”的形容词。用来修饰人的形容词。
2. He tells me an ________ story every day. (excite)
【解析】exciting “ing”的形容词，用来修饰物的形容词。
3. The children are very _______ to play games. (excite)
【解析】excited “ed”的形容词。用来修饰人的形容词。
要点11 in the north (south / east / west) of ... 在……的北部(南部 / 东部 / 西部)。
辨析：
in the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指在某一范围内的地区；
to the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指互不接壤的两个地区；
on the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指接壤的两个地区。如：
in 表示在地点内部
on 表示两地接壤
to 表示两地相隔
【典例分析】
用适当介词填空
1. Hong Kong is________ the south of China.
2. Japan is _________the east of China.
3. Canada is________ the north of the US.
【答案】： 1，in 香港属于中国管辖的一部分。故用“in”。
2. to 日本不属于中国且隔海不接壤。故用“to”
3.on 加拿大与美国接壤的两个国家。故用“on”
要点12 during
during的用法
People usually spend time with their relatives during the Spring Festival.
春节期间人们通常花时间和亲戚在一起。
during作介词，意为“在…期间”，强调动作或状态的持续性。在表示一段时间的名词(如stay、 holiday、 visit等)前，一般要用 during.
I visited my uncle during my visit in Beijing.我在北京游览期间拜访了我的叔叔。
during与in区别
1.强调动作或状态的持续性时用during.
During the three months he always asks a lot of questions.
We usually spend a holiday in July.
2.在季节名词前用during是特指，要用定冠词 the
Children enjoy flying kites in spring.
We often go skating during the winter.
3.在表示一段时间的名词（如holiday, stay, visit, lesson, meal等）前，一般要用during
I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing.
I will visit my grandparents during the summer holidays.
【典例分析】
1.他在巴黎期间，与他的朋友住在一起。
1.He lived with his friends while he was in Paris.= He lived with his friends________ _______ _______ in Paris.
【答案】during his stay。在他停留期间。
2. You can take the place of me ______ my absence (缺席).
A. while B. when C. during
【答案】 C
【解析】在缺席时。during强调动作或状态的持续性。在表示一段时间的名词连用。
要点13 辨析：a few & few & a little & little（高频考题）
a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 There are a few apples in the box.盒子里有几个苹果。 There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。
few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。
a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水。
little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。
【典例分析】
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
【答案】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
【答案】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
【答案】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
【答案】little a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
【答案】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
【答案】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。
可数与不可数名词
1. 表示可以计算数目的人或物的名词称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形态。单数可数名词前一般要用不定冠词a/an。可数名词可与具体数词连用，可用many, a few, few, some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of修饰。对可数名词的数量提问用how many。
2. 表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词，称为不可数名词。它们前面不能用不定冠词a/an，没有复数形式。不可与具体数词连用。可用much, a little, little, some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of修饰。对不可数名词的数量提问用how much。
当表示不可数名词的确切数量时，通常在不可数名词前加上“数词+单位名词+of”表示。整个词组的单、复数由单位名词的单、复数决定。
3.运用there is/are...句型
There is/are ...句型表示“某处有（或存在）某人或某物”，其结构为：There is/are + 名词+地点状语。
is与单数可数名词或不可数名词连用，are与复数可数名词连用。用is还是are由紧跟其后的名词决定。
一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
1 apple ________ 2 monkey ________
3 class __________ 4 desk _________
5 Foot _________ 6 box __________
7 piano __________ 8 family _________
9 child _________ 10 toy __________
11 Chinese __________ 12 boy _________
13 photo __________ 14 potato __________
15 city __________ 16 sheep _________
17 country __________ 18 tooth _________
19 month __________ 20 woman __________
【答案】1.apples 2.monkeys 3.classes 4.desks 5.feet 6.boxes 7.pianos 8.families 9.children 10.toys 11.chinese 12.boys 13.photos 14.potatoes 15.cities 16.sheep 17.countries 18.teeth 19.months 20.women
二、将可数名词和不可数名词分类，填入对应的位置：
apple, bread, coffee, egg, juice, milk, potato, advice, tomato, tea, desk, guitar, tree, bus, weather, information
可数名词：________________________________________________________________ ______________
不可数名词：___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】可数名词：apple, egg, potato, tomato, tea, desk, guitar, tree, bus,
不可数名词bread, coffee, juice, milk, advice, tea, weather, information
三、翻译短句。(there be 结构)
1 椅子下面有一只猫。
【答案】There is a cat under the chair.
2 教室里没有20个学生。
【答案】There are not 20 students in the classroom.
3 袋子里有一些面包。
【答案】There is some bread in the bag.
4 你们学校有多少个班？
【答案】How many classes are there in your school
4.形容词的用法
(1) 形容词作定语，一般放在名词前面。
a high building 一座高楼 a clever girl 一个聪明的女孩
(2)形容词作表语，放在系动词的后面。
The garden is beautiful. 这个花园很漂亮。
The food tastes nice. 这道菜尝起来味道很好。
（3）句型“It is+形容词+to do”的用法
It is+形容词+to do 表示“做……怎样”。
It is hard to learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语很难。
【典例分析】
用括号中单词的形容词形式填空。
1. This plant needs a warm and ___________(sun) place.
2. It is a __________ (snow) winter this year.
3. Jimmy told us about his ______________ (amaze) trip to Hong Kong.
4. The Greens spent a ______________ (love) day by the sea.
5. Jenny often wears a _____________ (fun) hat.
6. Our classmates are all very _____________ (friend).
7. The water is very ______________ (dirt), please don’t drink it..
8. During the Spring Festival, I usually get some _____________ (luck) money
9. The book is ____________. everyone is ____________( interest) in it.
10. China is an _______ (Asia) country.
【答案】：1,sunny 2, snowy 3,amazing 4 lovely 5, funny 6, friendly 7, dirty 8, lucky 9.interesting interested 10. Asian
一、阅读目标
能掌握关于季节描述和环境保护的相关的短语和词汇以及相对应难度的文章。
【实战演练】
Seven days later comes April 22nd and it is Earth Day. Our community will do something for our earth and we need some volunteers.
Clean the Garbage in the River，Without water, there is no life. The polluted water causes diseases and death. We’re going to collect the garbage in the rivers in our city. We need 20 volunteers and everyone will be equipped with a bucket and a shovel（铁铲）.
Plant Trees ，Trees play a very important role in protecting our earth. Trees can prevent soil erosion（流失）and absorb（吸收）harmful gases. They offer shades for us and keep the noise away. So we are going to plant 150 trees on the mountain this weekend. First, there will be a landscape engineer（园林工程师）showing us how to plant trees. Then, we start to do it. We need 40 volunteers.
Keep Order for a Public Speech ，There are many problems of environmental protection, including the serious pollution of air, water, soil and energy waste. Only by letting people realize the importance of environmental protection through education can the environment be better. We will hold a public speech on this topic. So we need 18 volunteers to help keep order.
Give out Questionnaires to Pedestrians（行人）There are some questions about environment protection on the questionnaires. Eight volunteers are needed to help give out the questionnaires to pedestrians. When the papers are finished, volunteers need to take them back to our office.
If you want to join us, you can search www. for more information and sign before the day after tomorrow.
1. If you want to protect the water, you can be a volunteer to ________.
A. Clean the Garbage in the River B. Plant Trees
C. Keep Order for a Public Speech D. Give out Questionnaires to Pedestrians
2. Trees are important for our earth because they can ________.
A. cause soil erosion B. absorb helpful gases
C. offer shades for people D. make noise
3. The environment can be better by making people realize ________.
A. the importance of water protection B. the importance of air protection
C. the importance of soil protection D. the importance of environmental protection
4. The following are wrong EXCEPT that ________.
A. 20 volunteers are needed to help keep order for a public speech
B. 150 trees are going to be planted on the road this weekend
C. the public speech is mainly about how to stop the pollution of air, water and soil
D. questionnaires need to be taken back to the office after they are finished
5. You need to sign up before ________.
A. April 22nd B. April 15th C. April 17th D. April 20th
【答案】ACDDC
【解析】本文主要讲述了人们为保护地球所做的一些事情。
1. 细节理解题。根据“The polluted water causes diseases and death. We’re going to collect the garbage in the rivers in our city.”可知，可以清理河里的垃圾。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据“They offer shades for us and keep the noise away.”可知，因为它们可以为我们提供阴凉处。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据“Only by letting people realize the importance of environmental protection through education can the environment be better.”可知，要意识到环境保护的重要性。故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据“When the papers are finished, volunteers need to take them back to our office.”可知，问卷完成后需要带回办公室。故选D。
5. 推理判断题。根据“Seven days later comes April 22nd and it is Earth Day.”及“sign before the day after tomorrow.”可知今天是四月十五日，故推知后天是四月十七日。故选C。
二、写作目标
能够用所学的单词短语描述四个季节，并且能写出保护环境的短文。
1.环境正变得越来越糟糕。
【答案】The environment is becoming worse and worse.
2. 为了保护环境，我们最好不用塑料袋。
【答案】In order to protect the environment , we’d better not use plastic bags.
3.当你出门时，你应该乘公共汽车而不开车。
【答案】 When going out ,we should take a bus instead of driving a car.
4. 如果人人都能做这些小事，世界就有大改变。
【答案】 If everyone can do these small things, we can make a big difference.
5. 我们必须停止砍伐树林。多种树。
【答案】 We must stop cutting down trees, and plant more.
6 在春季，天气开始变得温暖。(start to)
【答案】In spring, the weather starts to get warm.
7. 春天去旅行是很令人兴奋的。(It is … to do sth.)
【答案】It is exciting to take a trip in spring.
8. 叶子变成棕色、红色或黄色，并开始从树上落下。(start doing sth.; fall from)
【答案】Leaves turn brown, red or yellow and start falling from the trees.
9. 在每年的这个时候去野餐是很好的，因为这时天气凉爽而干燥。（at this time of year）
【答案】It is nice to go on a picnic at this time of year because the weather is cool and dry.
10. 孩子们喜欢冬天，因为他们喜欢在雪地里玩耍。(love to do sth.)
【答案】Children love winter because they love to play in the snow.
【实战演练】
假设你是来自美国 Westtown School的Alex，现在在广州某中学做交换生。你很喜欢这座城市，但最近发现该市存在一些环境问题。请你给市长先生写一封信，简要分析造成这些问题的原因并提出你自己的建议。词数70左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。
环境 问题1 问题 白色污染随处可见。
原因 人们过多使用一次性用品，如塑料，塑料饭盒等。
建议 人们应尽量使用自己的杯子、饭盒等。
环境 问题2 问题 空气不是很好。
原因 马路上的汽车越来越多。
建议 ●人们应多使用公共交通。 ●乘公共汽车和使用共享单车是个不错的主意。
参考词汇:白色污染 white pollution 一次性用品 disposable things
塑料饭盒 plastic lunch boxes 共享单车 shared bikes
公共交通 public transportation
Dear Mr. Mayor,
I’m from Westtown School in the USA. I came to Guangzhou as an exchange student. I like this city, but I don't think the environment here is good enough.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope the environment in your city gets better and better.
Yours sincerely,
Alex
【答案】Dear Mr.Mayor,
I’m from Westtown School in the USA. I came to Guangzhou as an exchange student. I like this city, but I don't think the environment here is good enough.
As far as I am concerned, there are two main pollution. The first problem is white pollution. White pollution can be seen everywhere. The reason is that people use too many disposable things, such as plastic and plastic lunch boxes. To solve this problem, we should try our best to use our own cups and lunch boxes. If we do that, it not only can help reduce the white pollution but also keep healthy. The second problem is the air quality. There are too many cars in the road, which makes the air bad. To improve the air quality, we are supposed to take public transportation. It is a good idea to take the bus and ride shared bike.
I hope the environment in your city gets better and better.
Yours sincerely,
Alex
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