(共28张PPT)
Writing Workshop P62-63
新北师大选择性必修Book 3
Unit 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
How to write a summary
What is a summary
A summary is a short overview of the main points of an article or other source, written entirely in your own words.
How long is a summary
A summary is always much shorter than the original text. The length of a summary can range from just a few sentences to several paragraphs; it depends on the length of the article you’re summarizing, and on the purpose of the summary.
A sample summary
Five steps for writing a summary
1. Read the original text.
1) Scan the article quickly to get a sense of its topic and overall shape.
2) Read the article carefully, highlighting important points and taking notes as you read.
3) Skim the article again to confirm you’ve understood the key points, and re-read any particularly important or difficult passages.
2. Break the text down into sections.
To make the text more manageable and understand its sub-points, break it down into smaller parts.
3. Identify the key points in each section.
Your goal is to extract the essential points, leaving out anything that can be considered background information or supplementary detail.
4. Write the summary.
Do not copy and paste parts of the article, not even just a sentence or two. The best way to do this is to put the article aside and write out your own understanding of the author’s key points.
5. Check the summary against the article.
1) You’ve accurately represented the author’s work.
2) You haven’t missed any essential information.
3) The phrasing is not too similar to any sentences in the original text.
Group Work. You are going to write a summary for the text “To Clone or Not to Clone”. Put together some tips for writing a summary.
1
Four tips for writing a summary.
1. Read the original text.
2. Look for key details.
3. Write the summary.
4. Check the summary.
2
Read the text “Epidemics Explained” in this unit. How many parts can it be divided into Which paragraphs may be included into each part
Part 1 (paragraphs 1-2) Definition of epidemics
Part 2 (paragraphs 3-6) Some epidemics were connected.
Part 3 (paragraphs 7-8) Epidemics in the 21st century
Part 4 (para. 9) Cooperation needed to fight against epidemics
Now complete the first column of the table. Then match the key information below for each part.
a. Some epidemics were connected
b. Definition
c. Cooperation needed to fight against epidemics
d. Epidemics in the 21st century
The Text “Epidemics Explained” Parts Corresponding paragraphs Key information
1
2
3
4
1-2
3-6
7-8
b
a
d
c
9
3
Pair Work. Read the summary of “Epidemic Explained” below. Find the main focus of each pare the summary with the original text, what information is included and what is left out Why Share with your partner.
An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease over a short period of time, causing a large number of deaths, the number of which differs for different diseases.
Professor Jim Smith conducted a study to compare the bird flu epidemic which occurred in 1997 with other deadly epidemics in our history. He found that the earliest took place as early as 500 to 550 CE, which killed half of the population in that particular area. The same epidemic, called “The Black Death”returned in the 1330s in Asia and spread quickly to Europe. Some hundred years later, the Great Flu epidemic broke out in 1918, also known as the Spanish Flu, killing 50 million people. This was considered the most serve epidemic in human history. The 1997 bird flu which claimed over 100 lives was an adaptation of the Great Flu of 1918.
At the start of 21st century there were two major epidemics: SARS and EVD. The more recently discovered SARS disease infected 8000 people. According to official records EVD has killed more than 11,310 people in West Africa alone.Globally, researchers are coming together to try to identify the causes for and help to find effective treatments for epidemics.
Read the text “To Clone or Not to Clone”. How many parts can it be divided into Which paragraphs may be included in each part Find out the focus for each part.
4
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
Now complete the table.
The Text “To Clone or Not to Clone” Parts Corresponding paragraphs Main focuses
1
2
3
1
2-3
4-6
definition
successful examples on cloning
praises and concerns about clonings
5
Read the paragraph below. What’s the main idea of this paragraph Underline the key words.
Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning has been going on for generations. For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium, such as soil. Another example of natural cloning is identical twins, who are produced from the same egg.
Now summarise the paragraph in one sentence. Do the same for the other parts of the text.
Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning has been going on for generations. For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium, such as soil. Another example of natural cloning is identical twins, who are produced from the same egg.
Summary: Cloning means to make exact copy of a plant or animal and natural cloning has been going on for generations.
6
Drafting. Draft your summary based on Activities 4 and 5. Use the Writing Help to help you.
Writing Help
Writing a Summary
It’s important to:
read the text and divide it into parts;
summarise each part in one or two sentences, covering the key information;
avoid including examples or explanations;
avoid adding your ideas;
use linking words where necessary.
Now write your summary ...
7
Editing. Edit your summary in pairs. Then share what you have written in class.
Editing Sheet
Does the writer summarise the main idea of each section
Does the writer use his/her words to summarise
Does the writer include his/her own opinion
Does the writer use transition words to link the writing
Thank you！
