(共19张PPT)
Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.
Grammar Focus 4a-4c
What happened to Nobita’s（大雄的） father
As Nobita and Doraemon ___________in the doorway（在门口）, they ______ dad’s loud voice.
were standing
heard
By the time/When/Before…，主语+had Vp.p
wallet
briefcase （公文包）
railway station
Doraemon____________use his magic pocket to help dad when he saw this scene.
was about to
Past Perfect Tense
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
由when, by the time, before等引导时间状语从句时，若描述发生在过去的事，主句常用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)表示动作发生在过去的过去。
I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
be about to do, be doing等表示即将或正在做某事时，常用when引导从句表示突然发生的动作。
When I woke up，it had stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。
By the end of last year, she had worked in the factory for twenty
years. 到去年年底，她已经在这家工厂工作20年了。
(一)概念：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某
一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某一时刻，它表示发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
过去完成时的用法
过去的过去
过去某时
现在
将来
过去完成时
(二)构成：过去完成时由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)＋过去分词”构成。
肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词
否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词
疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词
简略回答: Yes, 主 + had.
No, 主 + had not.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句
(Had+主语+过去分词)
Let’s practice
按要求改写句子。
I had sold the ticket when she came.（改为否定句）
__________________________________
2. By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. (改为一般疑问句)
__________________________________________________
3. Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film.（对划线部分提问）
__________________________________
4. We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）
__________________________________
I had not sold the ticket when she came.
Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport
Why didn’t Jack go to the cinema
After we had cooked the dumplings, we ate them up.
1.一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。
We started to learn English 5 years ago. 我们五年前开始学英语。
一般过去时、现在完成时与过去完成时
5 years ago (2017)
now(2022)
2. 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在产生的结果或造成的影响, 与现在有关。结构为:“助动词 have(has)+过去分词” 。
We have learned English for 5 years.我们已经学了五年的英语了。
3. 过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past)
We had learned English for 5 years by last year.
到去年为止，我们已经学英语五年了。
last year(2021)
started(一般过去时)
have learned(现在完成时)
had learned(过去完成时)
过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
1. He said that he _________ (see) you before.
2. When I got there, the bus _________ (go).
3. By the time I got to class, the teacher___________
(start) the class.
4. We _______ (learn) over 1,000 words by the end of last term.
5. I _______ (clean) the room before he arrived here.
had seen
过去完成时的具体用法
had gone
had started
had learnt
had cleaned
2.过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。
1. By six o’clock they ____________ (work)for eight hours.
2. When I came to GZ , he _____________(be) there for a long time.
3. I ___________ (be)to Beijing twice by the end of last year.
4. she___________(work) in the hospital for 5 years.
had worked
had been
had been
had worked
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up.
____________________________________
____________________________________
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream (n. 奶油) in the coffee.
__________________________________
__________________________________
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
________________________________________
________________________________________
Before I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
4a Make sentences using by the time or before.
By the time Mary got up,Tim had
already gone into the bathroom.
By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday (n. 工作日) ended.
________________________________________
________________________________________
5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema.
__________________________________
__________________________________
6. My mother finished making the apple pie (n. 苹果派).
I got home from my language course.
______________________________________
______________________________________
The movie had started before I arrived at the cinema.
By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.
I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else
_____ already ____________.
2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized
he ______________ to add the green beans (n. 豆).
3. By the time my mother came back from the market
(n. 市场), I ____ already __________ of the door to
go for my piano lesson.
4. Before she got to the airport, she __________about the earthquake.
5. When she _____________ the movie theater, she
remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he__________the building.
rush out, forget, arrive at, go into, show up (赶到;露面), find out
shown up
had
had forgotten
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
had rushed out
had found out
arrived at
had gone into
1. By the time I left for school in the morning, __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
2. By the end of the school day,
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
3. By dinner time,
I_________________________________
I_________________________________
I_________________________________
I had already had breakfast.
I had already had supper.
I had already had my hair cut.
4c Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.
I had finished my homework.
I have got a present from Tom.
I had had these articles read.
had had too many apples.
had eaten plenty of meat.
have had all the housework finished.
1. When Tim get back home, he started to realize that the thief ___________ (come) to his house.
2. By the time I received the letter, I ________________ (tell) the content of it.
had come
had been told
Exercises
Ⅰ.用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。
market burn above miss unexpected pie
1. I got up late and ______ the early bus this morning.
2. The mountain is 1, 000 meters ______ the sea level.
3. My daughter went with me to the ________ and
bought clothes.
4. His wife made some apple _____ for dinner.
5. He became worried when he heard of the
______________ news.
Ⅲ. 用方框中词的适当形式完成下面的句子。
missed
above
market
pies
unexpected
1. I happened _____ him in the park yesterday.
A. meet B. meeting C. met D. to meet
2. Have you ever invited a friend ____ your school
A. for B. with C. to D. at
3. What did you do ______ April Fool’s Day
A. on B. at C. in D. with
4. — The advertisement says there will be a great celebration today.
— Forget it, it’s a ________.
A. fool B. hoax C. pleasure D. risk
5. He announced that he would never ____ before finding a good job.
A. marry B. married C. get married D. get marry
6. — Why was Miss Lee angry this morning
— Because Tom didn’t _____ his homework.
A. hand out B. hand in C. give away D. give out
Ⅳ.单项选择。
D
C
A
B
C
B
Thank you for listening!
