Unit 1 A New Start
Part 2 Using language
课前积累
完成以下名言警句并做好积累。
1. Walking with a friend in the dark is____________(good) than walking alone in the light.
即使与朋友在黑暗中散步，也要好过独自在光明中散步。—海伦.凯勒
2. You are never too old to set another goal or____________(dream) a new dream.
如果你设定新目标，怀有新梦想，你永远也不会变老。—李斯.布朗
3. Every day is a new ______________(机遇 ). You can build on yesterday's success or put its
failures behind and start over again. That's the way life is.
每天都是一个新的机会。你可以在昨天的成功基础上继续前进，也可以把失败抛在脑后，
重新开始。这就是生活。 —鲍勃.斐乐
4. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in ___________(rise) every time we fall.
人非圣贤，孰能无过！ 过而能改，善莫大焉。 —孔子
5. To know what you know and what you do not know, that is true _____________(know).
知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。 —孔子
6. By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by _____________(reflect), which is noblest;
Second, by imitation, which is easiest; an公d 众th号ird by experience, which is the bitterest.：学霸学
生而知之者，上也；学而知之者，次也；困而文学科之，又其次也。 —孔子
7. There's no ______________(deny) that our own little Wilbur – he's part of something _______
is bigger than all of us. And life on that farm is just a whole lot better with him in it. He really is
some pig.
不可否认，我们的小韦伯，从某种意义上讲，比我们更伟大。自从有了他，农场的生活
好了很多，他真的是一头神奇的猪。 —《夏洛特的网》
级练
——基础过关练
I. 单词拼写
1. He appeared relaxed and _____________(有信心的) before the match.
2. Despite his stressful work _____________(日程安排), she has rarely suffered poor health.
3. The artist has painted the scene from _____________(各不相同的) viewpoints.
4. Climate change is still very much a subject for _____________(辩论).
5. This _____________(话题) will be discussed at greater length in the next chapter.
6. In the 1920s, a scientist discovered the fossil remains of a small _____________(恐龙) near a
nest containing eggs.
7. We should _____________(调查) what happened and what went wrong.
8. The _____________(海豚) is an _____________(聪明的) animal.
9. There's one more class I'm interested in—that's the digital _____________(摄影) class.
10. She now helps in a local school as a _____________(志愿者) three days a week.
II. 短语填空
in panic breathe deeply argue about take part in
care about take up play a part at a time
1. What the government should do is to calm down the public whenever they are ___________.
2. They hold their breath and dive deep for up to twenty minutes ___________.
3. I won't ___________ any more of your time.
4. Your parents' personalities also ___________ in how they'll react.
5. Try not to ___________ money in front of the kids.
6. If you forget what to say next, look at your note carefully, ___________, smile at your listeners,
and then go on.
7. It's actually because I ___________ you that I don't like you staying out late.
8. Bands from six schools have been selected to ___________ this year's festival.
III. 单句语法填空
1. He shouted so ___________(loud) that the whole neighbourhood could hear him.
2. Contact with other people is a ___________ (base) human need.
3. Her questions about my private life made me ___________ (embarrass).
4. Attracted by the beauty of the piano music, the audience almost forgot to applaud when
the ___________(piano) finally finished it.
5. An ___________ (experience) Indian guide is provided during your stay.
6. If you volunteer ___________(do) something you are doing it of your own free will.
7. Later, I found out that less than 15% of the ___________(apply) had been offered positions that
year.
8. Local ___________ (activity) include walking, boating and golf.
9. There are ___________ (vary) options open to you.
10. She went on to explain her ___________ (argue).
IV. 为下面的句子划分句子成分,并在句子后面标明基本句子结构（如：SV, SVP）。
1. The campus was still quite. ( )
2. Our teachers encourage us to work hard.( )
3. They are playing football. ( )
4. People all over the world speak English. ( )
5. She won her first victory, a victory that was applauded by the public.( )
6. He felt the cloth with his hand.( )
7. I stopped and waited for her to catch up.( )
8. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.( )
9. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.( )
10. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.( )
V. 语法填空
Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon which calls 1.______
our great concern. We should make every effort 2._______(prevent) school violence
3.______(happen) at school, for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal
4.______(safe) could not be guaranteed. In fact, violence can be learned. 5.______(actual),
children learn violence 6._______(behave) from adults or from 7.______ they see on television or
on the Internet.
If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result
8.______ more fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal
with it well and they will protect me 9.______ bad guys.
All in all, we students should behave 10.______(we) and keep away from violence.
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. _____________
1. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________
——拓展培优练
阅读理解
Dickens was the most popular novelist of his time,and remains one of the best-known and
most-read of English authors. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and
is regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.
Among fellow writers, Dickens has been admired. Leo Tolstoy, G. K. Chesterton, and
George Orwell praised his realism and comic voice as well as his drawing people's attention to
children and the poor. The French writer Jules Verne called Dickens his favorite writer, writing
his novels“stand alone, dwarfing all others by their amazing power and suitable expression”. The
Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh was inspired by Dickens's novels in several of his paintings like
Vincent's Chair with His Pipe and in an 1889 letter to his sister stated that reading Dickens's
novels, especially A Christmas Carol, was one of the things that were keeping him from killing
himself.
A Christmas Carol is most probably his best-known story, with frequent new adaptations. It
is also the most-filmed of Dickens's stories, with many versions dating from the early years of
cinema. According to the historian Ronald Hutton, the current state of the observance of
Christmas is largely the result of a mid-Victorian revival of the holiday led by A Christmas Carol.
William Makepeace Thackeray called the book“a national benefit, and to every man and woman
who reads it a personal kindness”.
At a time when Britain was the major economic and political power of the world, Dickens
highlighted the life of the forgotten poor and disadvantaged within society. Through his
journalism he campaigned for specific issues — such as sanitation and the workhouse — but his
fiction probably demonstrated its greatest prowess in changing public opinion on class inequalities.
The exceptional popularity of Dickens's novels displayed his outstanding ability to create
attractive storylines and unforgettable characters. His novels showed that the Victorian public
confronted issues of social justice that had commonly been ignored. (320 words)
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. Vincent van Gogh appreciates Dickens's novels very much.
B. George Orwell sees Dickens's novels as a mirror of society.
C. Jules Verne thinks highly of Dickens and Dickens's novels.
D. Dickens's fellow writers comment on his novels positively.
2. What is Thackeray's attitude toward A Christmas Carol
A. Critical. B.Appreciative. C.Doubtful. D.Unconcerned.
3. What made Dickens's novels popular？
A. Their highlights of the public life in the Victorian era.
B. Their vivid characters and focus on social inequalities.
C. Their presentation of Dickens's love for his journalism.
D. Their description of British economic and political power.
4. In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A.Science. B.Entertainment. C.Literature. D.Health.
【词汇积累】
1. novelist n. 小说家
2. admire v. 羡慕，敬仰
3. comic adj. 滑稽的，好笑的，喜剧的
4. draw v. 吸引，牵，拉
5. dwarf v. 使显得矮小，使相形见绌
6. A Christmas Carol 《圣诞颂歌》
7. adaptation n. 改编
8. observance n. 过(节)
9. campaign for ...为...而进行活动
10. sanitation n. 公共卫生
11. prowess n. 超凡技术
12. 常见的表述观点态度的词汇
表示积极态度∶supportive（支持的） optimistic（乐观的） positive（积极的）
approving（赞成的） favorable（赞成的）
impressive（给人深刻印象的） humorous（幽默的）
表示消极态度：negative（消极的） doubtful（怀疑的） pessimistic（悲观的）
disapproving（不赞同的）critical（批评的） depressed（沮丧的）
disappointed（失望的） ironic（讽刺的） skeptical（怀疑的）
opposed（反对的）
表示中立态度：objective（客观的） neutral（中立的） impartial（公正的）
factual（基于事实的）
七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Archaeologists have uncovered the bones of dozens of mammoths near Mexico City, Mexico.
The fossils were found under an airport that's under construction. In October, Meysico's National
Institute of Anthropology and History began digging at the site. 1.__________ Experts say there
are many more in the ground. “There are too many, there are hundreds,” says the institute's Pedro
Sanchez Nava. Archaeologists have been able to excavate about 10 mammoths a month since their
work began. They will continue to dig until 2022, when construction at the airport is completed.
So far, nothing has been found that would require work on the airport to stop.
Mammoths were huge, elephant-like herbivores. They disappeared from the region that is
now Mexico some 10,000 years ago and became extinct around 4,00 years ago. 2._________
Some bones were found on the shores of an ancient body of water. The large, shallow lake is
gone, but it was once surrounded by grass and reeds. 3.________ “It was like paradise for them”
Sinchez Nava says.
The excavations are happening about six miles from San Antonio Xahuento, where
mammoth fossils were found last year. Scientists discovered two pits there that were six feet deep.
They were dug by humans, about 15,000 years ago. 4.________ People may have chased the
animals into these traps. The bones of 14 animals were found in them.
At the new site, the mammoths probably died after getting stuck in mud. Sanchez Nava says
it's possible that humans chased the animals into the soft earth. After doing so, they may have
eaten the mammoths. The large number of fossils indicates that prehistoric humans may have
regularly eaten mammoths. 5._________
A. In fact, it may have been part of their daily diet.
B. The new fossils could reveal why the species died out.
C. Scientists believe hunters used them to trap mammoths.
D. Mammoth bones have always been so numerous in the area.
E. The remains will allow scientists to research how mammoths fed.
F. Since then, archaeologists have excavated the bones of 60 mammoths.
G. This attracted mammoths, each of which ate up to 330 pounds of plants every day.
【词汇积累】
1. excavate v.挖掘
2. herbivores n.食草动物
3. extinct adj. 灭绝的
4. reed n.芦苇
5. pit n. 深坑
6. chase v.驱赶，追逐
——高考沙场点兵
阅读理解高考真题
主题语境：人与自然 难易度：☆☆☆ 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：6 min
（2021 新高考全国 I 卷，C 篇）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands
were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who
followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl
were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions
of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly
reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly
concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands
so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must
annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was
designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time
was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird
Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National
Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all
generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has
been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. (288 words)
1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
2. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down.
B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.
D. The government has collected money.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【词汇积累】
1. waterfowl n. 水禽
2. decimate v. 大批杀害
3. sportsman n. 捕鸟人
4. habitat n. 栖息地
5. act n.法案
6. migratory adj. 迁徙的
7. annually adv. 每年
8. appoint v. 任命
9. initiate v. 开始实施，发起Unit 1 A New Start
Part 2 Using language
课前积累
完成以下名言警句并做好积累。
1. Walking with a friend in the dark is____________(good) than walking alone in the light.
即使与朋友在黑暗中散步，也要好过独自在光明中散步。—海伦.凯勒
2. You are never too old to set another goal or____________(dream) a new dream.
如果你设定新目标，怀有新梦想，你永远也不会变老。—李斯.布朗
3. Every day is a new ______________(机遇 ). You can build on yesterday's success or put its
failures behind and start over again. That's the way life is.
每天都是一个新的机会。你可以在昨天的成功基础上继续前进，也可以把失败抛在脑后，
重新开始。这就是生活。 —鲍勃.斐乐
4. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in ___________(rise) every time we fall.
人非圣贤，孰能无过！ 过而能改，善莫大焉。 —孔子
5. To know what you know and what you do not know, that is true _____________(know).
知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。 —孔子
6. By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by _____________(reflect), which is noblest;
Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.
生而知之者，上也；学而知之者，次也；困而学之，又其次也。 —孔子
7. There's no ______________(deny) that our own little Wilbur – he's part of something _______
is bigger than all of us. And life on that farm is just a whole lot better with him in it. He really is
some pig.
不可否认，我们的小韦伯，从某种意义上讲，比我们更伟大。自从有了他，农场的生活
好了很多，他真的是一头神奇的猪。 —《夏洛特的网》
答案自查
1.better 2.to dream 3.opportunity 4.rising 5.knowledge 6.reflection 7.denying, that
级练
——基础过关练
I. 单词拼写
1. He appeared relaxed and _____________(有信心的) before the match.
【答案】confident
2. Despite his stressful work _____________(日程安排), she has rarely suffered poor health.
【答案】schedule
3. The artist has painted the scene from _____________(不同的) viewpoints.
【答案】various
4. Climate change is still very much a subject for _____________(辩论).
【答案】debate
5. This _____________(话题) will be discussed at greater length in the next chapter.
【答案】topic
6. In the 1920s, a scientist discovered the fossil remains of a small _____________(恐龙) near a
nest containing eggs.
【答案】dinosaur
7. We should _____________(调查) what happened and what went wrong.
【答案】investigate
8. The _____________(海豚) is an _____________(聪明的) animal.
【答案】dolphin, intelligent
9. There's one more class I'm interested in—that's the digital _____________(摄影) class.
【答案】photography
10. She now helps in a local school as a _____________(志愿者) three days a week.
【答案】volunteer
II. 短语填空
in panic breathe deeply argue about take part in
care about take up play a part at a time
1. What the government should do is to calm down the public whenever they are ___________.
【答案】in panic
2. They hold their breath and dive deep for up to twenty minutes ___________.
【答案】at a time
3. I won't ___________ any more of your time.
【答案】take up
4. Your parents' personalities also ___________ in how they'll react.
【答案】play a part
5. Try not to ___________ money in front of the kids.
【答案】argue about
6. If you forget what to say next, look at your note carefully, ___________, smile at your listeners,
and then go on.
【答案】breathe deeply
7. It's actually because I ___________ you that I don't like you staying out late.
【答案】care about
8. Bands from six schools have been selected to ___________ this year's festival.
【答案】take part in
III. 单句语法填空
1. He shouted so ___________(loud) that the whole neighbourhood could hear him.
【答案及详解】loudly 考查词性转换。句意：他喊得那么大声，左邻右舍都能听到。修饰
动词 shouted 要用副词，故需要把 loud 变成 loudly。
2. Contact with other people is a ___________ (base) human need.
【答案及详解】 basic 考查词性转换。句意：与他人联系是人类的基本需求。修饰名词 need
需要形容词，故需要把 base 变成 basic。
3. Her questions about my private life made me ___________ (embarrass).
【答案及详解】 embarrassed 考查词性转换。句意：她问及我的私人问题，令我感觉很尴尬。
make sb + adj，使某人处于某种状态，此处需要形容词，感到尴尬的，故需要把 embarrass
变成 embarrassed。
4. Attracted by the beauty of the piano music, the audience almost forgot to applaud when
the ___________(piano) finally finished it.
【答案及详解】 pianist 考查词性转换。句意：
钢琴声如此美妙，在钢琴家演奏结束后观众几乎忘记了鼓掌。此处根据句义需要“钢琴
家”，故需要把 piano 变成 pianist。
5. An ___________ (experience) Indian guide is provided during your stay.
【答案及详解】 experienced 考查词性转换。句意：在你逗留期间会为你提供一名有经验的
印度导游。此处修饰名词 Indian guide 要用形容词词，故填 experienced。
6. If you volunteer ___________(do) something you are doing it of your own free will.
【答案及详解】to do 考非谓语动词。句意：如果你志愿作某事，就意味着你出于自己的意
愿做这件事。“志愿作某事”volunteer to do sth，故需要填 to do。
7. Later, I found out that less than 15% of the ___________(apply) had been offered positions that
year.
【答案及详解】 applicants 考查词性转换。句意：后来我发现，那年不到 15%的申请者得
到了工作。根据句义此处需要“申请者”且为复数，故需要把 apply 变成 applicants。
8. Local ___________ (activity) include walking, boating and golf.
【答案及详解】 activities 考查名词变复数形式。句意：当地的活动包括步行，划船和高尔
夫。 动词 include 是动词原形，所以主语应该是复数形式，故需要填 activities。
9. There are ___________ (vary) options open to you.
【答案及详解】 various 考查词性转换。句意：你有各种不同的选项。此处需要形容词修饰
options，故需要把 vary 变成 various。
10. She went on to explain her ___________ (argue).
【答案及详解】 argument 考查词性转换。句意：她接下来解释她的论点。
IV. 为下面的句子划分句子成分,并在句子后面标明基本句子结构（如：SV, SVP）。
1. The campus was still quite. ( SVP )
S V P
2. Our teachers encourage us to work hard.( SVOC )
S V O C
3. They are playing football. ( SVO )
S V O
4. People all over the world speak English. ( SAVO )
S A V O
5. She won her first victory, a Ovictory that was applauded by the public.( SVO )
S V O Appo Attri
6. He felt the cloth with his hand.( SVO )
S V O Adv.
7. I stopped and waited for her to catch up.(SVOC )
S V O C
8. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.( SVO )
S Adv V O Adv.
.
9. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.( SAVO )
S Attri. V O
10. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.( SV )
S V Adv. Adv.
V. 语法填空
Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon which calls 1.______
our great concern. We should make every effort 2._______(prevent) school violence
3.______(happen) at school, for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal
4.______(safe) could not be guaranteed. In fact, violence can be learned. 5.______(actual),
children learn violence 6._______(behave) from adults or from 7.______ they see on television or
on the Internet.
If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result
8.______ more fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal
with it well and they will protect me 9.______ bad guys.
All in all, we students should behave 10.______(we) and keep away from violence.
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. _____________
1. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________
【答案及详解】
1. for 考查动介词搭配。句意：我认为这是个需要引起极大关注的现象。call for sth 表示
“需要，要求，提倡”之意，故填 for。
2. to prevent 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该采取一切措施来阻止...。make every effort to
do sth，尽一切努力做某事，故填 to prevent。
3. happening 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该采取一切措施来阻止校园暴力的发生。prevent
sb/sth from doing，阻止某人做某事，故填 happening。
4. safety 考查词性转换。句意：因为如果人身安全得不到保证，越来越多的学生会辍学。
个人安全：personal safety。故填 safety。
5. Actually 考查词性转换。句意：实际上，小孩子学会暴力行为...。副词可以用来修饰整个
句子，故需要把 actual 变成副词 actually。
6. behavior 考查词性转换。暴力行为：violence behavior，故填 behavior。
7. what 考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：实际上，小孩子从成人处或电视上及网上看到的事
情中学会暴力行为。what=the thing(s) that...，...的事物，故填 what。
8. in 考查动介词搭配。句意：我不会以暴制暴，因为这样会导致更多的打斗。result in 导
致，故填 in。
9. from 考查动介词搭配。句意：我认为家长和老师会帮助我处理好，帮助我免受坏人的危
害。protect sb from sth 保护某人不受到...的危害。故填 from。
10. ourselves 考查反身代词。句意：总之，我们学生应该举止端正，远离暴力。behave oneself
举止规矩，故填 ourselves。
——拓展培优练
阅读理解
Dickens was the most popular novelist of his time,and remains one of the best-known and
most-read of English authors. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and
is regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.
Among fellow writers, Dickens has been admired. Leo Tolstoy, G. K. Chesterton, and
George Orwell praised his realism and comic voice as well as his drawing people's attention to
children and the poor. The French writer Jules Verne called Dickens his favorite writer, writing
his novels“stand alone, dwarfing all others by their amazing power and suitable expression”. The
Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh was inspired by Dickens's novels in several of his paintings like
Vincent's Chair with His Pipe and in an 1889 letter to his sister stated that reading Dickens's
novels, especially A Christmas Carol, was one of the things that were keeping him from
killing himself.
A Christmas Carol is most probably his best-known story, with frequent new adaptations. It
is also the most-filmed of Dickens's stories, with many versions dating from the early years of
cinema. According to the historian Ronald Hutton, the current state of the observance of
Christmas is largely the result of a mid-Victorian revival of the holiday led by A Christmas Carol.
William Makepeace Thackeray called the book“a national benefit, and to every man and woman
who reads it a personal kindness”.
At a time when Britain was the major economic and political power of the world, Dickens
highlighted the life of the forgotten poor and disadvantaged within society. Through his
journalism he campaigned for specific issues — such as sanitation and the workhouse — but his
fiction probably demonstrated its greatest prowess in changing public opinion on class inequalities.
The exceptional popularity of Dickens's novels displayed his outstanding ability to create
attractive storylines and unforgettable characters. His novels showed that the Victorian public
confronted issues of social justice that had commonly been ignored.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. Vincent van Gogh appreciates Dickens's novels very much.
B. George Orwell sees Dickens's novels as a mirror of society.
C. Jules Verne thinks highly of Dickens and Dickens's novels.
D. Dickens's fellow writers comment on his novels positively.
2. What is Thackeray's attitude toward A Christmas Carol
A. Critical. B.Appreciative. C.Doubtful. D.Unconcerned.
3. What made Dickens's novels popular？
A. Their highlights of the public life in the Victorian era.
B. Their vivid characters and focus on social inequalities.
C. Their presentation of Dickens's love for his journalism.
D. Their description of British economic and political power.
4. In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A.Science. B.Entertainment. C.Literature. D.Health. C
【词汇积累】
1. novelist n. 小说家
2. admire v. 羡慕，敬仰
3. comic adj. 滑稽的，好笑的，喜剧的
4. draw v. 吸引，牵，拉
5. dwarf v. 使显得矮小，使相形见绌
6. A Christmas Carol 《圣诞颂歌》
7. adaptation n. 改编
8. observance n. 过(节)
9. campaign for ...为...而进行活动
10. sanitation n. 公共卫生
11. prowess n. 超凡技术
12. 常见的表述观点态度的词汇
表示积极态度∶supportive（支持的） optimistic（乐观的） positive（积极的）
approving（赞成的） favorable（赞成的）
impressive（给人深刻印象的） humorous（幽默的）
表示消极态度：negative（消极的） doubtful（怀疑的） pessimistic（悲观的）
disapproving（不赞同的）critical（批评的） depressed（沮丧的）
disappointed（失望的） ironic（讽刺的） skeptical（怀疑的）
opposed（反对的）
表示中立态度：objective（客观的） neutral（中立的） impartial（公正的）
factual（基于事实的）
【答案】DBBC
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了狄更斯的文学成就以及其他作家对他的敬仰。
1. D 主旨大意题。通读第二段的内容并由本段第一句 Among fellow writers，Dickens has been
admired.可知，本段主要介绍的是狄更斯的小说受到了其他作家的赞赏，大家对他的小说的
评价都很积极，故选 D 项。
2. B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 William Makepeace Thackeray called the book “a national
benefit, and to every man and woman who reads it a personal kindness”可知，撒克雷认为《圣诞
颂歌》是一项国民福利，对于每一个读到它的人来说都是一种恩惠，由此推知，他很欣赏这
部小说，故选 B 项。
3. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 The exceptional popularity of Dickens's novels displayed
his outstanding ability to create attractive storylines and unforgettable characters. His novels
showed that the Victorian public confronted issues of social justice that had commonly been
ignored.可知，狄更斯的作品受欢迎是因为书中人物生动，并且关注社会公正问题，故选 B
项。
4. C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是著名作家狄更斯及其作品，以及人们
对他的评价。由此可知，本文可能会在杂志的文学栏目中出现，故选 C 项。
七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
Archaeologists have uncovered the bones of dozens of mammoths near Mexico City, Mexico.
The fossils were found under an airport that's under construction. In October, Meysico's National
Institute of Anthropology and History began digging at the site. 1.__________ Experts say there
are many more in the ground. “There are too many, there are hundreds,” says the institute's Pedro
Sanchez Nava. Archaeologists have been able to excavate about 10 mammoths a month since their
work began. They will continue to dig until 2022, when construction at the airport is completed.
So far, nothing has been found that would require work on the airport to stop.
Mammoths were huge, elephant-like herbivores. They disappeared from the region that is
now Mexico some 10,000 years ago and became extinct around 4,00 years ago. 2._________
Some bones were found on the shores of an ancient body of water. The large, shallow lake is
gone, but it was once surrounded by grass and reeds. 3.________ “It was like paradise for them”
Sanchez Nava says.
The excavations are happening about six miles from San Antonio Xahuento, where
mammoth fossils were found last year. Scientists discovered two pits there that were six feet deep.
They were dug by humans, about 15,000 years ago. 4.________ People may have chased the
animals into these traps. The bones of 14 animals were found in them.
At the new site, the mammoths probably died after getting stuck in mud. Sanchez Nava says
it's possible that humans chased the animals into the soft earth. After doing so, they may have
eaten the mammoths. The large number of fossils indicates that prehistoric humans may have
regularly eaten mammoths. 5._________
A. In fact, it may have been part of their daily diet.
B. The new fossils could reveal why the species died out.
C. Scientists believe hunters used them to trap mammoths.
D. Mammoth bones have always been so numerous in the area.
E. The remains will allow scientists to research how mammoths fed.
F. Since then, archaeologists have excavated the bones of 60 mammoths.
G. This attracted mammoths, each of which ate up to 330 pounds of plants every day.
【词汇积累】
1. excavate v.挖掘
2. herbivores n.食草动物
3. extinct adj. 灭绝的
4. reed n.芦苇
5. pit n. 深坑
6. chase v.驱赶，追逐
【答案】FBGCA
【文章大意】考古学家在墨西哥城附近发现了许多猛犸象的骨头，根据这些猛犸象的骨头，
考古学家可以得到关于猛犸象栖息地环境以及灭绝原因等方面的信息。
1. F 上下文推断题。根据设空处前三句可知，在一个在建机场的工地上猛犸象骨头被发现，
而且墨西哥国家人类学与历史研究所于 10 月份开始在该遗址进行挖掘；结合空后的 Experts
say there are many more in the ground.和选项可知，F 项（从那时起，考古学家已经挖掘出 60
具猛犸象的骨头）符合语境。
2. B 语境&复现推断题。根据设空处前一句 They disappeared… and became extinct around
4,000 years ago.可推知，设空处应是与猛犸象的灭绝相关的内容，故 B 项（这些新的化石可
以揭示这一物种灭绝的原因）符合语境，B 项中的 died out 与前一句中的 became extinct 同
义。
3. G 语境&复现推断题。根据设空处前一句中的 it was once surrounded by grass and reeds，尤
其是该句中的 grass and reeds 这一关健信息可推断，G 项（这吸引了猛犸象，每只猛犸象
每天吃多达 330 磅植物）符合语境，且 G 项中的指示代词 This 指代前文内容，plants 与前
文的 grass and reeds 相呼应。
4. C 语境&复现推断题。根据设空处前两句 Scientists discovered two pits there that were six
feet deep. They were dug by humans, about 15,000 years ago.尤其是句中 two pits 这一关键信息
可知，C 项（科学家认为猎人用它们诱捕猛犸象）符合语境，且 C 项中的指示代词 them 指
代前文的 pits，C 项中的 trap 与设空处后一句中的 these traps 相呼应。
5. A 语境推断。根据设空处前一句中的 prehistoric humans may have regularly eaten
mammoths.可推知，设空处也应是介绍关于远古人类吃猛犸象的相关内容，A 项中的 their
daily diet 与空前一句中的 have eaten regularly 内容一致，故 A 项(事实上，这可能是他们日
常饮食的一部分)符合语境。
——高考沙场点兵
阅读理解高考真题
主题语境：人与自然 难易度：☆☆☆ 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：6 min
（2021 新高考全国 I 卷，C 篇）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands
were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who
followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl
were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions
of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly
reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly
concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands
so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must
annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was
designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time
was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird
Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National
Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all
generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has
been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. (288 words)
1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
2. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down.
B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.
D. The government has collected money.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【词汇积累】
1. waterfowl n. 水禽
2. decimate v. 大批杀害
3. sportsman n. 捕鸟人
4. habitat n. 栖息地
5. act n.法案
6. migratory adj. 迁徙的
7. annually adv. 每年
8. appoint v. 任命
9. initiate v. 开始实施，发起
【答案】ACDA
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，农地
和住房的急需,大量的水禽栖息地被破坏,导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，16岁
及以上的狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地
的基金，从而保护了水禽。
1. A. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the
ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽
干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽
数量的下降，故选 A。
2. C. 词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural
resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很好，本句中的
“Unfortunately”与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，本句阐述移民
者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire 获
得；B. Export 出口；C. Destroy 破坏；D. Distribute 分配。故选 C。
3. D. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that
Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自 1934 年起，超过 5 亿美元进入
到了这个基金会，购买了超过 500 万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国
政府获得了大量的资金，故选 D。
4. A. 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发
行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息
地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选 A。
