8.4因式分解--提公因式法
一、选择题.
1.下列等式从左到右的变形,属于因式分解的是( )
A.a(x﹣y)=ax﹣ay B.x3﹣x=x(x+1)(x﹣1)
C.x2﹣2x+1=x(x﹣2)+1 D.(x+1)(x+2)=x2+3x+2
2.下列因式分解正确的是( )
A.2a2﹣a=2a(a﹣1) B.﹣a2﹣2ab=﹣a(a﹣2b)
C.﹣3a+3b=﹣3(a+b) D.a2+3ab=a(a+3b)
3.多项式x3+6x2y+9xy2与x3y﹣9xy3的公因式是( )
A.x(x+3y)2 B.x(x+3y) C.xy(x+3y) D.x(x﹣3y)
4.多项式12ab3+8a3b的各项公因式是( )
A.ab B.2ab C.4ab D.4ab2
5.下列因式分解正确的是( )
A.x4﹣4x2+16=(x2﹣4)2 B.3x2﹣9y+3=(x2﹣3y)
C.x2n﹣xn=xn(x+1)(x﹣1) D.4x2+8ax+4a2=4(x+a)2
6.多项式3x﹣9,x2﹣9与x2﹣6x+9的公因式为( )
A.x+3 B.(x+3)2 C.x﹣3 D.x2+9
7.已知ab=﹣3,a+b=2,则a2b+ab2的值是( )
A.6 B.﹣6 C.1 D.﹣1
8.若a=2,a﹣2b=3,则2a2﹣4ab的值为( )
A.2 B.4 C.6 D.12
9.如果(x+4)(x﹣3)是x2﹣mx﹣12的因式,那么m是( )
A.7 B.﹣7 C.1 D.﹣1
10.812﹣81肯定能被( )整除.
A.79 B.80 C.82 D.83
二、填空题
11.因式分解:3a2b﹣ab2= .
12.分解因式:
(1)3a3﹣2a2+a=a( )
(2)﹣6p3﹣10p2+2p=﹣2p( )
13.因式分解:6a2﹣8a3= .
14.分解因式:mn﹣m2= .
15.多项式8x2myn﹣1﹣12xmyn中各项的公因式为 .
16.若(x﹣5),(x+3)都是多项式x2﹣kx﹣15的因式,则k= .
17.因式分解:x(x﹣y)+y(y﹣x)= .
18.已知 (19x﹣31)(13x﹣17)﹣(13x﹣17)(11x﹣23)可因式分解成(ax+b)(8x+c),其中常数a,b,c均为整数,则a+b+c= .
三、解答题
19.把下列各式分解因式:
(1)x2﹣x; (2)2m2﹣2mn; (3)﹣12x2y+18xy2;
(4)5a﹣15a2+20a3; (5)a(x+y)﹣b(x+y); (6)a(x﹣5)+2(5﹣x).
20.把下列各式进行因式分解:
(1)5(a﹣1)2﹣10(1﹣a);(2)ab(x﹣y)2﹣ab2(y﹣x)2.
21.因式分解:
(1)﹣8m3+24m2n﹣18mn2; (2)(1﹣3a)2﹣2(1﹣3a);
(3)(a﹣b)(x﹣y)﹣(b﹣a)(x+y);(4)(a﹣2b)3﹣3c(2b﹣a)2.
22.把下列各式因式分解:
(1)ab﹣bd+b; (2)﹣2m3+6m2﹣18m;
(3)15a3b2+5a2b; (4)(﹣2)100+(﹣2)99;
(5)a3﹣an+3; (6)xm﹣1+xm﹣xm+1.
23.把下列各式因式分解:
(1)4ab﹣2a2b; (2)3ab3+6ab2﹣12ab;
(3)x2y﹣2x2y3﹣3x3y;(4)﹣x2y+xy﹣xz;(5)12xyz﹣9x2y2.
24.分解因式:x(a﹣b)+y(b﹣a)﹣3(b﹣a).
答案
一、选择题.
B.D.B.C.D.C.B.D.D.B.
二、填空题
11.ab(3a﹣b).
12.3a2﹣2a+1;3p2+5p﹣1.
13.2a2(3﹣4a).
14.m(n﹣m).
15.4xmyn﹣1.
16.2.
17.(x﹣y)2.
18.﹣12.
三、解答题
19.(1)x2﹣x=x(x﹣1);
(2)2m2﹣2mn=2m(m﹣n);
(3)﹣12x2y+18xy2
=﹣6xy(2x﹣3y);
(4)5a﹣15a2+20a3
=5a(1﹣3a+4a2);
(5)a(x+y)﹣b(x+y)
=(x+y)(a﹣b);
(6)a(x﹣5)+2(5﹣x)
=(x﹣5)(a﹣2).
20.(1)原式=5(a﹣1)2+10(a﹣1)
=5(a﹣1)(a﹣1+2)
=5(a﹣1)(a+1);
(2)原式=ab(x﹣y)2﹣ab2(x﹣y)2
=ab(x﹣y)2(1﹣b).
21.(1)﹣8m3+24m2n﹣18mn2
=﹣2m(4m2﹣12mn+9n2)
=﹣2m(2m﹣3n)2;
(2)(1﹣3a)2﹣2(1﹣3a)
=(1﹣3a)(1﹣3a﹣2)
=(1﹣3a)(﹣3a﹣1);
(3)(a﹣b)(x﹣y)﹣(b﹣a)(x+y)
=(a﹣b)(x﹣y+x+y)
=2x(a﹣b);
(4)(a﹣2b)3﹣3c(2b﹣a)2
=(a﹣2b)2(a﹣2b﹣3c).
22.(1)ab﹣bd+b=b(a﹣d+1);
(2)﹣2m3+6m2﹣18m=﹣2m(m2﹣3m+9);
(3)15a3b2+5a2b=5a2b(3ab+1);
(4)(﹣2)100+(﹣2)99
=(﹣2)99×(﹣2+1)
=299;
(5)a3﹣an+3=a3(1﹣an);
(6)xm﹣1+xm﹣xm+1.
=xm﹣1(1+x﹣x2).
23.(1)4ab﹣2a2b=2ab(2﹣a);
(2)3ab3+6ab2﹣12ab
=3ab(b2+2b﹣4);
(3)x2y﹣2x2y3﹣3x3y
=x2y(1﹣2y2﹣3x);
(4)﹣x2y+xy﹣xz
=﹣x(xy﹣y+z);
(5)12xyz﹣9x2y2
=3xy(4z﹣3xy).
24.原式=x(a﹣b)﹣y(a﹣b)+3(a﹣b)=(a﹣b)(x﹣y+3).