【全程方略】2014年中考专题突破课件：专题三 完形填空（含2013年中考真题，24张PPT）

课件24张PPT。专题三　完形填空 完形填空是介于单项选择题和阅读理解题之间的一种题型, 旨在考查学生对词汇和语法知识在单句、上下文、语篇等各种具体语境下的综合运用能力, 这就要求在解题中掌握一些方法、技巧。(一)句意理解题
【技巧1】利用上下文语境推断句意解题
(2013·菏泽中考)Mum was very　21　to find out that the twin brothers were joined at the chest(胸部). She felt very strange because I didn’t tell her about that before.
21. A. surprised B. excited
C. interested D. disappointed【解析】选A。考查语境理解。由下文“……发现双胞胎兄弟胸部是连在一起的。她感到非常奇怪因为此前我没告诉她。”可推断妈妈见到后是感到“惊讶”。故选A项。【技巧2】利用复现关系、语境共现推断句意解题
(2012·江西中考). . . Nobody wanted to make the president look43 sad, so they tied an American black bear to a　44　. They wanted the president to shoot(射中)45 it.
The president was very surprised to see the bear tied to a tree. . . .
44. A. wall B. chair C. rock D. tree【解析】选D。考查句意理解。跳读下一段第一句话便找到第44处词汇的复现(所谓复现是指某一词以原词、同义词、近义词等重复出现在语篇中, 使上下文得以相互衔接。), 由此可知这只熊被绑在树上。故选D。【技巧3】利用生活常识(经验)推断句意解题
(2012·郴州中考)I have a strong and faithful dog, Bruce. The dog likes　36　with me. Sometimes he also follows my father to work.
36. A. playing B. dealing C. agreeing
【解析】选A。考查句意理解。play, deal, agree都可以和with搭配, 但根据生活经验可推断该句句意应是“这条狗喜欢和我玩”而不是“对付我或赞成我”。故选A。(二)语法、句法知识题
【技巧1】利用固定搭配、固定句式及习惯表达解题
(2013·济南中考)Last year, she won an award for her reporting in Africa. She was very proud　58　it.
58. A. to B. of C. for D. from
【解析】选B。该题考查固定搭配。be proud of(为……感到自豪), 属完形填空考查项目设计中最简单的一类, 无需上下文, 通读本句便能确定正确选项。【技巧2】利用语法分析解题
(2012·枣庄中考). . . During the almost 150-kilometer drive home, he told us that he　28　some of the students the date 29 when we would move there. And he had also invited them to visit us.
28. A. has told B. told
C. had told D. will tell【解析】选C。考查语法结构。句意为“他告诉我们他已经把我们搬去那儿的日期告诉了一些学生”, 所以是他在告诉我们之前就已经告诉了一些学生, 所以是过去的过去, 用过去完成时。故选C。(三)逻辑关系题
【技巧1】利用上下文意义联系推断解题
(2013·温州中考)I looked at that man for a few seconds, 　15　I didn’t recognize him.
15. A. but B. and C. or D. so
【解析】选A。前后两句的句意分别为“我看了那个人几秒钟”“我没认出他来”, 很显然是转折关系。所以选A。【技巧2】利用关键词推断解题
(2012·重庆中考)Zhou hopes schools can give students more chances to open their47 mouths, such as speech competitions, English corners and class discussions. Students can join in any one they want to. 　48　he also gives some advice to students.
48. A. But B. So C. And D. Or
【解析】选C。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据also“也”可推断前后是并列关系, 故答案选C, 意为“并且”。 完形填空题篇幅一般150~250个词, 以故事性题材居多, 体裁以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主。多数完形填空设10空或15空, 考点主要涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。近几年中考完形填空的命题有以下趋势:
1. 在命题角度上体现“突出语篇”的命题原则, 即“突出语意填空, 削减语法填空, 以考查理解能力为主”;
2. 在题材上将更加贴近学生、贴近生活、内容新颖, 富有时代气息。【真题链接】
(2013·宁波中考)
Once there lived two brothers. The elder was called Simon and the younger Victor. They　1　each other very much, and always took care of one another. Every day they worked from morning　2　night, getting as much grain(谷物)as possible from their fields. One late autumn evening, after their work in the　3　was done, Simon said to his wife, “Victor got married last month. He has many bills(账单)to pay. I think I will put a bag of rice in his barn(谷仓). ”“Oh, that’s a good idea, ”said his wife. “But please don’t tell him, ”said Simon, “If he knows I put the rice there, he will　4　take it. ” So late that night Simon took a bag of rice to Victor’s barn. The next day, while looking at his own barn, he found　5　strange. “I took a bag of rice to Victor’s house last night, 　6　I still have the same number of bags in my barn. 　7　did that happen? ”
Simon decided to take another bag of rice to his brother’s barn that night. But the next morning, he found the　8　number of bags in his barn again! “This is very strange, ”he thought. That night he　9　again. He carried a large bag of rice on his shoulder(肩膀), and walked down the road to his younger brother’s house. In the bright moonlight, he could see another　10　coming down the road. He was carrying something on his　11　too. “Younger Brother! ”Simon cried, “What are you doing? ”
“I was　12　you, Older Brother, ”said Victor, “Your family is　13　than mine. I thought you needed more rice. ”The two brothers quickly　14　that they had been taking rice to each other. They　15　what had happened. “It is good to have a brother like you, ”they both said. And they lived happily ever after. 1. A. disliked B. hated C. loved D. enjoyed
2. A. until B. at C. through D. with
3. A. shops B. fields C. hospitals D. factories
4. A. never B. sometimes
C. usually D. ever
5. A. everything B. anything
C. nothing D. something
6. A. so B. and C. but D. or
7. A. How B. What C. Why D. Where
8. A. small B. different C. huge D. same9. A. planned B. failed C. hoped D. tried
10. A. brother B. person C. sister D. wife
11. A. back B. shoulder C. head D. hand
12. A. proud of B. polite to
C. angry with D. worried about
13. A. smaller B. richer C. larger D. happier
14. A. remembered B. realized
C. imagined D. explained
15. A. laughed about B. dreamed about
C. pointed at D. shouted at【答案分析】
1. 【解析】选C。考查语境理解。由下文“and always took care of one another”可知, 他们互相疼爱。
2. 【解析】选A。考查短语结构。from morning until night“从早到晚”。
3. 【解析】选B。考查语境理解。由前文“getting as much grain as possible from their fields”可知他们在农田里干活。
4. 【解析】选A。考查句意理解。由句意可知, 弟弟如果知道是哥哥把大米放到自己家, 他一定不会要。5. 【解析】选D。考查语境理解。由下文可知, 哥哥发现了一件奇怪的事。strange“奇怪的”。
6. 【解析】选C。考查连词。上下文构成转折关系: 哥哥昨晚把大米送去, 但是他仍然有同样数量的大米。
7. 【解析】选A。考查疑问词。句意为“那是怎么发生的? ”
8. 【解析】选D。考查语境理解。由前文“I still have the same number of bags”和下文again可知, 他的米数量仍然不变。
9. 【解析】选D。考查语境理解。由下文可知当天晚上他又试了一次。10. 【解析】选B。考查语境理解。由上文another可知他看到另一个人沿着路走来。
11. 【解析】选B。考查语境理解。由前文“He carried a large bag of rice on his shoulder”和下文的too可知另一个人也是在肩膀上扛了东西。
12. 【解析】选D。考查动词短语。be proud of“为……骄傲”; be polite to“对……有礼貌”; be angry with sb. “生某人的气”; be worried about“担心……”。由下文可知弟弟担心哥哥所以来送米。13. 【解析】选C。考查句意理解。smaller“更小的”; richer“更富的”; larger“更大的”; happier“更高兴的”。由下文“I thought you needed more rice. ”可知弟弟认为哥哥家里需要更多的米, 可推测哥哥的家庭更大。
14. 【解析】选B。考查语境理解。realize“意识到”。由上下文可知兄弟二人此时才意识到他们互相送大米。
15. 【解析】选A。考查句意理解。laugh about“对……感到好笑”; dream about“梦想”; point at“指着”; shout at“对……大喊”。句意: 他们对发生的事感到好笑。