人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Body Language单元重难点过关练（有答案）

UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE
Part I 基础知识强化练
I. 词形变化练
1. (2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop ________ (education) computer programs for children in preschool.
2. (2022·新高考卷Ⅱ)Don’t be afraid or ________ (embarrass) to discuss something that is bothering you.
3. (2019·北京卷)Some students don’t have a ______ (rely)car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
4. Having sensed my _______ (anxious) and stress of the unknown, Daddy tried to make me laugh.
5. Quan Hongchan, a 14-year-old Chinese athlete, ________ (distinguish) herself by winning a gold medal in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.
6. When learning his friend had moved to a ________ (slight) larger house, he wandered around, depressed and full of anxiety.
7. There are _______ (vary) approaches to the park, where there are many attractions to keep your children _______ (amuse).
8. It’s necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act ________ (appropriate) toward other people.
II. 固定用法练
1. It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was _______ (happy) than I was.
2. _____ other words, employing body language appropriately can help you break _____ barriers in communication.
3. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _______(take).
4. In the street, she found herself stared _____ by a stranger, which made her a little nervous.
5. The distinguished educator has a tendency ________ (set) aside some time to put his feet ____ and relax.
6. The key to successful small talk is _______ (learn) how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
7. The President called _____ the people to work hard to make the country rich and strong.
8. Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we have conflicts ______friends.
III. 语境辨义练
(i)熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性和词义
1. (2020·浙江卷)Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
3. His anxiety to win the vote was obvious.
(ii)一词多义——根据语境选出bend的含义
A. vt. 使弯曲　B. vi.弯身；弯腰　C. vi.屈从 D. n.(道路、河流的)弯；拐角
1. (2021·全国甲卷)Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
2. You have to bend your knees to sit down.
3. He went rushing toward the dog and bent down to give her a big hug.
4. He tried to force me to bend to his will.
Part 2 高考题型精准练
I. 阅读理解
A
It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rainforest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (灵长目动物). Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn’t have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.
Friendships, like all relationships between two people, involve competition. It isn’t competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prize. Perhaps the ecological definition—the simultaneous (同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light—better explains it.
As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin’s theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There are lots of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing take place. In high school, friendships learn to coexist with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstances, competition is too much of a burden for a friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a student’s fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve a similar recognition.
Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. Healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.
1. What does the ecological definition mainly explain
A. How to win the competition.
B. What competition exactly is.
C. What the result of competition is.
D. How friends compete with each other.
2. According to the writer，what causes the high school students to compete
A. They know the laws of nature well.
B. A friendship is a burden for them.
C. The number of them is too large.
D. They are divided into different groups.
3. Which best describes the relationship of the friendship and competition
A. The friendship is always based on competition.
B. Competition is a result of a lost friendship.
C. Competition is terribly harmful to friendships.
D. The degree of competition is vital to friendships.
4. What does the author think of “competition”？
A. Competition is certain to happen at school.
B. The result of competition is out of control.
C. Competition becomes fierce in high school.
D. The friendship is not as important as competition at school.
B
Wearing a caveman mask, Dr. John Marzluff walks across the campus at the University of Washington in Seattle. Crows(乌鸦)circle and squawk(尖叫), diving at him and going away.
Beneath the mask，he smiles. Days before he and his students，wearing caveman masks, rapped them and placed colored plastic bands on their legs. Then they released the unhappy birds. When the researchers wandered around campus without the masks, the crows they had caught and banded did not react to them. But when the same humans walked by while wearing the masks，the crows scolded loudly and dived at their “enemies”.
At first，only the banded birds reacted aggressively to the people in masks. But in later tests more and more crows joined in, and even when the banded birds were not around. “Crows think and dream, fight and play, reason and take risks,” he says. “Their antics confuse us.”
This led him to study how crows’ brains work. He and his students wore one type of mask as they captured crows and brought them into the lab, training them to link that face with danger. Then a different kind of mask for more positive activities，such as feeding and caring. Then he worked with scientists at the university who scan animal brains to see which parts of a crow’s brain do certain tasks. Surprisingly, the scientists found that when the crow saw the “danger” mask, one part of its brain became active. When the crow saw the “feeding and caring” mask, a different part of its brain lit up. The team has shown that crows use the same parts of their brains for recognizing what humans do—something that was not known before!
More than 10 years after the first mask experiment，campus crows still scold the “cavemen”. Crows also recognize people who are kind to them. Crows are always watching us and they remember.
5. Why does Dr. John Marzluff smile
A. He intends to show his kindness.
B. He realizes his trick has worked.
C. He is amused by the happy crows.
D. He is embarrassed at the crows’ response.
6. What does the underlined word “antics” in the third paragraph probably refer to
A. Ways of behaving. B. Hunting types.
C. Flying models. D. Chances of survival.
7. Which of the following words can best describe the crows according to the text
A. Sociable, intelligent and observant.
B. Noisy, dangerous and annoying.
C. Reasonable, cautious and aggressive.
D. Strong-headed，proud and popular.
8. What can we conclude about crows from the fourth paragraph
A. They share the same wisdom as humans do.
B. They never forgive those who once hurt them.
C. They only recognize the people who are bad to them.
D. They perform tasks with different parts of their brains.
Ⅱ.完形填空
A 70-year-old Air Force veteran (退伍军人) from Salem, Illinois is being praised as a hero for his good deed.
Marshall Helm had been __1__ his granddaughter to the bus stop early in the morning when the smoke and __2__ arising from the house next door __3__ his attention. Helm __4__ to the endangered home and threw open the garage door only to find flames climbing up one of the building walls.__5__, at that very moment he did not __6__ to charge past the flames and into the house so he could make sure his neighbors were __7__.
Gary and Kathy Benjamin had been __8__ upstairs when they awoke to hear Helm shouting about the fire. Although they were confused by the __9__ and had no time to figure out what had happened, they __10__ to run into the hallway and escape with Helm through the back door just as the flames were swallowing the __11__ through which he had come in only a minute before. Thanks to Helm’s quick __12__, the Benjamins suffered only __13__ smoke intake—and even though they lost their home in the fire, they are simply __14__ to Helm for saving their lives.
“Lifesaver—lifesaver is all I can say,” Mr. Benjamin said. His wife added, “Hero, he’s our __15__.”
1. A. walking B. running C. observing D. approaching
2. A. winds B. flames C. smells D. dust
3. A. kept B. discovered C. drew D. appealed
4. A. came in B. ran over C. moved around D. woke up
5. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However
6. A. need B. agree C. hesitate D. doubt
7. A. normal B. steady C. peaceful D. safe
8. A. sleeping B. dancing C. reading D. chatting
9. A. comment B. challenge C. message D. chaos
10. A. pretended B. managed C. expected D. permitted
11. A. window B. living room C. passage D. garage door
12. A. actions B. reports C. instructions D. assessments
13. A. heavy B. minor C. tough D. influential
14. A. grateful B. close C. humorous D. equal
15. A. adviser B. neighbor C. angel D. conductor
Ⅲ. 语法填空
A Mirror of Chinese Culture
What comes to mind when you think of kung fu？If your mind 1.________ (fill) with images of Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee, jaw-dropping stunts or KungFuPanda, you wouldn’t be wrong. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary filmmaker，the first thing 2._________ springs to mind is the concept of non-violence.
“Kung fu, in my eyes, is a mirror of Chinese culture.” Brahm said, “The traditional 3.________ (value) of kung fu, actually, are in the minds of all Chinese people.”
“China adopts a policy of not wanting 4._______ (have) conflict with other countries. Why does China want to be in harmony 5.______ other nations？It’s part of the psychology of the Chinese people. It’s also 6.________ (nation) psychology.”
Brahm also believes that today’s world 7.________ (urgent) needs to restart equal exchanges between countries without stereotypes (成见), and that culture and sports, such as kung fu, can serve as 8._________ great channel and platform.
“In the same way, since ping-pong as a cultural and sports exchange 9.________ (open) relations for China with the West in the 1970s, kung fu can become the new cultural diplomacy (外交) of our time, 10.________ (bring) people together in mutual sharing of skills and culture, and furthering respect and understanding.”
参考答案
Part I
I. 1. educational 2. embarrassed 3. reliable 4. anxiety 5. distinguishes 6. slightly 7. various; amused 8. appropriately
II. 1. happier 2. In; down 3. taken 4. at 5. to set; up 6. learning 7. on 8. with
III. (i)1. vt. 使发怒，激怒；恼火 2. vt. 使用 3. n.渴望
(ii)1～4 DABC
Part II
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章说明了竞争的含义，指出在高中阶段竞争是不可避免的，还特别说明了如何在竞争和友谊中寻找平衡。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，ecological definition所在的句子是对前一句“It isn’t competition...and no prize.”的补充说明，进一步说明竞争到底是什么。
2. C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“There are lots of...categorizing take place.”可知，高中生数量多，为了区分他们，排名和分类就产生了，排名和分类就是竞争的具体形式。
3. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Healthy，friendly competition...can tear friendships apart”可知，正常合理的且友好的竞争只有好处，但当竞争太激烈时，妒忌能使友谊分崩离析。故D项“竞争的程度对友谊至关重要”正确。
4. A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless，by necessity...aspects of high school life.”可知，作者认为学生之间的竞争必然存在于高中学校生活的所有方面，故A选项“竞争在学校是必然会发生的”正确。
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了华盛顿大学的约翰·马尔兹拉夫博士通过面具实验发现乌鸦时隔多年之后仍能识别自己的敌人和朋友。
5. B　细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段的内容可知，约翰·马尔兹拉夫博士和他的学生之前戴着野人面具敲打过乌鸦，试图检测乌鸦是否能记得他们，当他发现同一批乌鸦袭击他时，他认为自己的实验成功了，于是笑了。
6. A　词句猜测题。根据第一段尾句、第二段尾句和第三段前两句可知，下划线词指的就是前面描述的乌鸦的行为，故A项“行为方式”与下划线词的意思最为接近。
7. A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But when the same humans walked...dived at their ‘enemies’”和最后一段中的“Crows also recognize people who are kind to them.”可知，乌鸦很聪明也善于观察；再根据第三段中的“At first，only the banded birds...more and more crows joined in”可知，乌鸦是群体性的动物，社交性较强。
8. D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the scientists found that...a different part of its brain lit up”可知，乌鸦在面对不同任务时，大脑的不同区域在起作用。
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。一位70岁的退休老兵Marshall Helm在送孙女去车站的途中，突然发现邻居家着了火，他毫不犹豫地冲进邻居家，唤醒并营救了正在楼上睡觉的邻居的英雄事迹。
1. A　根据语境可知，此处指70岁的Helm正步行送孙女去车站。A项意为“陪伴……走，护送……走”；B项意为“开车送”；C项意为“观察”；D项意为“接近”。
2. B　根据下文中的“only to find flames climbing up one of the building walls”可知，此处指从隔壁家冒出来的烟雾和火焰。A项意为“风”；B项意为“火焰”；C项意为“气味”；D项意为“灰尘”。
3. C　根据下文中的“Helm ____ to the endangered home and threw open the garage door”可知，此处指从邻居家冒出的烟雾和火焰吸引了他的注意。A项意为“保持”；B项意为“发现”；C项意为“抓住，吸引”；D项意为“吸引，呼吁(后应跟介词to)”。
答案　B　根据语境可知，此处指Helm跑进这个面临危险的家里。A项意为“进来”；B项意为“跑过去”；C项意为“四处移动”；D项意为“醒来”。
5. D　根据语境可知，此处指然而，那一刻他毫不犹豫地冲到已经着火的房子里。A项意为“而是”；B项意为“否则，要不然”；C项意为“另外，而且”；D项意为“然而”。
6. C　根据语境可知，此处指他毫不犹豫地冲进房子里。A项意为“需要”；B项意为“同意”；C项意为“犹豫”；D项意为“怀疑”。
7. D　根据上文中的“charge past the flames and into the house so he could make sure his neighbors were”可知，此处指他冲进房子以确认他的邻居是否安全。A项意为“正常的”；B项意为“稳定的”；C项意为“和平的”；D项意为“安全的”。
8. A　根据下文中的“when they awoke”可知，此处指他们正在楼上睡觉。A项意为“睡觉”；B项“跳舞”；C项意为“读”；D项意为“聊天”。
9. D　根据上文中的“they awoke to hear Helm shouting about the fire”可知，此处指他们醒来后对当时的混乱声感到困惑。A项意为“评论”；B项意为“挑战”；C项意为“信息”；D项意为“混乱”。
10. B　根据下文中的“run into the hallway and escape with Helm through the back door”可知，此处指他们成功地跑到了走廊。A项意为“假装”；B项意为“设法做成”；C项意为“期望，指望”；D项意为“允许”。
11. D　根据上文中的“threw open the garage door”及下文中的“through which he had come in only a minute before”可知，此处指大火正在吞噬Helm刚进来时穿过的车库门。A项意为“窗户”；B项意为“客厅”；C项意为“通道”；D项意为“车库门”。
12. A　根据语境可知，此处指由于Helm的迅速反应，Benjamin夫妇并无大碍，仅仅被烟呛到了。A项意为“行动”；B项意为“报道”；C项意为“命令，教导”；D项意为“评估”。
13. B　根据下文中的“even though they lost their home in the fire”可知，此处指这对夫妇仅仅被烟呛到了，相比而言，这是较小的伤害。A项意为“重的”；B项意为“较小的，次要的”；C项意为“艰辛的”；D项意为“有影响的”。
14. A　根据下文中的“for saving their lives”可知，此处指他们感激Helm救了他们的命。A项意为“感激的”；B项意为“亲密的，密切的”；C项意为“幽默的”；D项意为“平等的”。
15. C　根据语境可知，此处指Benjamin先生的妻子赞扬Helm是英雄，是他们的天使。A项意为“顾问”；B项意为“邻居”；C项意为“天使”；D项意为“指挥”。
III.【语篇解读】　本文介绍了美国纪录片制片人Laurence J.Brahm眼中的中国功夫。Brahm认为中国功夫是中国文化的一面镜子。
1.is filled　考查时态语态和主谓一致。文章的主体时态是一般现在时。mind和fill是被动关系，这里用一般现在时的被动语态。主语mind为单数，故填is filled。
2.that　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指的是物，且先行词被the first修饰，故关系词宜用that。
3.values　考查名词的数。根据后面的谓语动词are可知，空处应该是复数形式，故填values。
4.to have　考查非谓语动词。want to do sth “想要做某事”为固定用法，故填to have。
5.with　考查介词。be in harmony with为固定搭配。故填with。
6.national　考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的名词psychology，应用形容词。故填national。
7.urgently　考查词性转换。空处修饰后面的动词needs，应用副词。故填urgently。
8.a　考查冠词。空后的“channel and platform”是可数名词单数，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
9.opened　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作从句的谓语，根据时间状语“in the 1970s”可知，从句应用一般过去时，故填opened。
10.bringing　考查非谓语动词。主句已有谓语“can become”，空处应填非谓语动词，bring和其逻辑主语kung fu是主谓关系，故填bringing。