牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册Unit4Scientists who changed the world Grammar 情态动词 知识点详解课件-(37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Model Verbs
1．—Honestly speaking, I don’t think I’m going to get the offer.
—Well, you never know! You _______________ (make) a better impression than you think. (所给词的适当形式填空)
may have made
情态动词知识检测
2．To all the people who have come to my help, I ________ thank you enough for your kindness to me and I will keep it in mind for the rest of my life. (用适当的词填空)
can’t
3．“ The profit ________ be divided into three parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. （用适当的词填空）
shall
4．I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness, but it ________________________ (cause) by eating too much. （所给词的适当形式填空）
may have been caused
5．When I was a little child, my grandma ________ read me stories almost every night. （用适当的词填空）
would
6．Why __________ you choose to work in a remote mountain village when you can have a respectable job in a big city （用适当的词填空）
must
7．You________not have prepared breakfast so early. I don't have to go to school today.(用适当的单词填空)
need
情态动词
1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的看法或主观设想。常见的情态动词有：can、could、may、might、must、ought to、shall、should、will 和 would。另外，dare、need、have to 和 used to 也具有情态动词的某些特性。
2 can 与 could
表示能力（ability），意思相当于 be able to。如：Jack can swim.
My father could stand on his hands when
he was young.
注意：在一般过去时中，was / were able to 通常表示能做并且已经做了的事，could 仅表示能力。
如：I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank.
I could lift the heavy box.
3 must 与 need
表示必要性（necessity）。must 意为“必须”，否定式 mustn’t 意为“不许”；need 意为“需要”，否定式 needn’t 意为“不必”。如：
I must go now.
You mustn’t forget your ticket.
Need we go right now
You needn’t do it if you don’t want to.
注意：have to 也有“必须”的含义，但侧重客观需求，有时态的变化，否定式是 don’t / doesn’t have to，意为“不必”，意思相当于 needn’t。如：
We will have to think of a new plan.
You don’t have to run.
4 can、could、may 与 might
表示许可（permission）。表示许可时，may 多用于正式场合，could 和 might 的语气更委婉些。如：
You can use my pen if you like.
Students may not bring their pets to school.
Could / Might I borrow your bike
5 can、could、may 、might 与must
表示可能性（possibility）。may、might和could常用于肯定句，意为“可能”，must用于肯定句，意为“一定”；否定式may/might not意为“可能不”，can’t/couldn’t意为“不可能，肯定不”。如：
That may/might/could be a good idea.
You must be tired after the long journey.
There may not be enough money to pay for a new car.
Your story can’t/couldn’t be true.
注意：can表示可能性时，含有“有时会”的意思。如：
The temperature here can be as high as 37℃ in summer.
6 should 与 ought to
表示义务（obligation）或建议（suggestion），意为“应该”。如：
They should / ought to build more libraries.
注意：should 与 ought to 也可以表示主观判断，意思是“可能会，应该会”，相当于 will probably。如：
The rain should / ought to stop soon.
7 will 与 would
1) 表示习惯性动作（habit），will 表示现在的习惯，would 表示过去的习惯。如：
Mary will listen to music for hours in her room.
I would take a walk after supper when I was young.
2) 表示意愿（willingness）。如：
The baby won’t go to sleep.
3) 表示请求（request），would 比 will 更委婉些。如：
Would you give me some advice
注意：used to也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用于非正式场合，往往指后来停止了的动作。否定形式是 didn’t use to 或 used not to。如：
I used to have a bicycle, but I sold it.
I didn’t use to have a bicycle…
I usedn’t to have a bicycle…
John didn’t use to come here.
Did Mike use to read newspapers Yes, he did.
Used Mike to read newspapers Yes, he used.
8 shall
1) 在疑问句中，表示建议或征求意见。如：
Shall I/ he help you with the box
2) 表示承诺或要求, 警告，威胁。如：
You shall have the magazine.
He shall do as I tell him.
You shall lose your job if you break the rules.
3) 用于正式文件、法律、规章制度等，表示规定。如：
Students shall not use calculators during exams.
9 dare 与 need
dare 和 need 作为情态动词，常用于疑问句和否定句中。这两个词也可以用作实义动词。如：
I dare not go there alone.
I didn’t dare to say a word.
Nobody dared to ask any questions.
Need we finish the work today
You needn’t worry about it.
You don’t need to come yourself.
10 情态动词的进行式、完成式和被动式
1) 情态动词可以与主动词的进行式合用，表示某动作正在进行。如：
Jack may be reading in the library.
2) 情态动词可以与主动词的完成式合用，表示过去发生的动作。如：
Tom must have arrived home by now.
You can’t have seen Henry yesterday because he was in London.
3) 情态动词可以与主动词的被动式合用。如：
The road may be blocked.
Can, could, be able to
I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank.
He could lift the heavy box.
Can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
Can’t help but do sth.只好做某事
Can not (never) …too much/ enough无论怎么…也不为过
needn’t do sth= don’t have to do sth.
Must you make so much noise？
He may well(完全可能，很可能) win the competition.
You may / might as well （倒不如，不妨）email him this afternoon.
The snow ought to / should stop soon. (表示可能性)
It’s odd that he should be waiting for us. (表示不能理解，惊讶)
I am surprised that you should have worked out the problem.
Mary will listen to music for hours in her room.
When I was young, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.
语法填空：
1. Those flowers need_____________________ (water).
2. He could not but __________ (admit) that he was to blame for losing the game.
3. It must ___________ (rain) last night, for the ground is wet.
4. We could __________ (help ) you, but we were too busy.
5. The school rules state that no child _______ be allowed out of the school during the day unless accompanied by an adult.
6. ---Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday
--- I wanted to, but my mother simply ______ not let me out so late at night.
7. ---The room is in a mess. ______ we clean it
--- Of course.
watering/ to be watered
admit
have rained
have helped
shall
would
Shall
8. Although you ______ find bargains in London, it’s not a cheap place to buy.
9. ---I have prepared everything for the picnic
--- Do you mean that I ________ bring anything
10. Peter didn’t finish his assignment yesterday but he ____________ because yesterday was the deadline.
can
needn’t
should have
1. Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. (2020年天津卷单项填空)
A. must B. can C. need D. should
B
2. The professor warned the students that on no account _______ use mobile phones in his class. (2019年天津卷单项填空)
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
A
3. I can’t find my purse. I ________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure. (2018年天津卷单项填空)
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
D
4. In today’s information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company. (2018年北京卷单项填空)
A. need B. should
C. can D. must
C
1. …ask your parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read.
ought to modal v. used when you have strong reasons for believing or expecting something 应该，应当
ought to表示义务、要求或劝告。
eg You were out enjoying yourself when you ought to have been studying.
We ought to get her a present for her birthday.
You ought to go to class right away.
ought to还可表示推测，暗含很大的可能性。
eg The boy left two hours ago, so he ought
to be there by now.
ought to的否定结构是oughtn’t to或ought
not to。
eg You oughtn’t / ought not to leave in
such a hurry.
含ought to的陈述句变为一般疑问句时，应将ought放在句首。简略回答时，to可以省略。
eg —Ought I to wait for him outside the
gate
—Yes, you ought (to). / No, you oughtn’t
(to).
注:
ought to与should的意思大致相同, 都表示 “义务、要求或劝告”, 只是ought to比should的语气稍重一些。
2. Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.
in particular: especially/particularly
尤其，特别
eg我特别记住了他们之中的一位。
I remember one of them in particular．
我总的来说对小说感兴趣，尤其是对侦探
小说感兴趣。
I am interested in stories in general, and in
detective stories in particular．
Some teenagers are particular about/over food and clothes.
3. recommend sth. to sb.= recommend sb. sth.
recommend sb. for 推荐某人（某职位）
recommend sb. as 推荐某人为
recommend sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sth. (should) be done建议某事被做
on the recommendation of 根据…的建议
follow one’s recommendation
A good face is a letter of ____________.
The teacher recommended us ___________ (read) this letter.
recommendation
to read
4. mean:吝啬的，自私的，卑鄙的，刻薄的
卑鄙的后妈让灰姑娘做所有的家务。
The mean stepmother made Cinderella do all the housework.
事实上你们总是对我们相当刻薄。
You're actually pretty mean to us most of the time.
I meant to help you, but an unexpected guest came to see me.
Raising wages means increasing purchasing power.
I meant what I said to you just now.
You are meant to help him out of trouble.
You must finish the task on time by all means.
5. treat: v.治疗; 处理; 以…态度对待; 以…方式对待; 把…看作; 把…视为; 讨论; n.款待; 乐事; 乐趣;
这位工程师觉得自己没有受到公正对待。
The engineer felt that he hadn’t been fairly treated.
他的朋友正在医院接受癌症治疗。
His friend is being treated for his cancer in the hospital.
This meal is my treat, so please put away your money.
treat sb. well / badly/ fairly
treat sb. seriously认真对待某人
treat sb. to sth 用某物招待某人
treatment对待，治疗 n.
under treatment在治疗中
6. Sb./ Sth. be likely to do sth.
It is likely that …
It is possible that...
It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is probable that…
He is likely to set a new world record this year.
It is likely that he will set a new world record this year.
It is possible that he will set a new world record this year.
get ideas from different sources
develop your own taste
To start/ begin with, …
be worth doing
point you in the right direction
for yourself亲自，为自己
take time to look through the collections
come across
seek out books to your taste(sought- sought)
enjoy reading all the more
Surprisingly, it turns out the exact opposite.
treat others with kindness, generosity and love.