2023年中考一轮复习:沪教牛津版英语七年级下册同步教材语言点梳理学案

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名称 2023年中考一轮复习:沪教牛津版英语七年级下册同步教材语言点梳理学案
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更新时间 2022-12-22 16:46:42

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考一轮复习
沪教牛津版同步教材语言点梳理-七下
Unit 1 People around us
person n. 人
重点用法 person复数: persons, people
2. smell n. 味道
重点用法 the smell of... 某物的气味
词汇拓展 smell v. 闻;嗅 过去式 smelled, smelt; 过去分词smelled, smelt;
感官动词: smell, look, feel, sound, taste +形容词
forget v. 忘记
过去式 forgot 过去分词 forgotten
重点用法 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(还没做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
词汇拓展 反义词 remember v. 记得;记住(与forget 用法一样)
4. miss v. 想念、怀念;错过
5. laugh v. 笑
重点用法 laugh at sb./sth. 嘲笑某人或者某事
词汇拓展 laughter n. 笑声
6. encourage v. 鼓励
重点用法 encourage sb. (to do sth.) 鼓励某人(去做某事)
7. support n. 支持
v. 支持
support sb. to do sth. 支持某人做某事
8. cheerful adj. 快乐的、高兴的
词汇拓展 cheer(n.)+ful(形容词后缀)构成cheerful
类似单词:helpful, careful, successful
同义词:happy, pleasing, pleasant, joyful
9. hard-working adj. 工作努力的、勤奋的
词汇拓展 hard adj. 困难的;坚硬的 adv. 努力地;剧烈地
10. patient adj. 耐心的
重点用法 be patient with sb./sth. 对某人或某事有耐心
词汇拓展 patience n. 耐心
11. successful adj. 成功的
词汇拓展 词汇构成:success(n.成功)+ful(形容词后缀)
successfully adv. 成功地
succeed v. 成功
12. smart adj. 聪明的
词汇拓展 近义词:clever; bright; intelligent
1. take care of 照顾
词组拓展 近义词:care for, look after
care about 关心某事
2. be strict about
词组辨析
短语 区别
be strict about 对某事严格
be strict with 对某人严格
Unit 2 Travel around the world
1. prefer v. 更喜欢
重点用法 prefer to do 更喜欢做...
prefer A to B 和B相比,更喜欢A
prefer doing A to doing B 和做B(的动作)相比,更喜欢做A(的动作)
prefer to do A rather than do B 和做B(的动作)相比,更喜欢做A(的动作)
prefer to do A 更喜欢做A(的动作)
词汇拓展 prefer 时态变化:过去式-过去分词 preferred-preferred
lie v. 撒谎、躺、位于
词汇拓展 lay v.下蛋、放置
词汇辨析 【记忆口诀】 规则的“撒谎”,不规则的“躺”;
“躺”过就“下蛋”,“下蛋”累累的
lie 撒谎 过去式 lied 过去分词 lied 现在分词 lying
lie 躺; 位于 过去式 lay 过去分词 lain 现在分词 lying
lay 下蛋;放 过去式 laid 过去分词 laid
3. south n.
词汇辨析
in the south of 指在……领域之内的南部 Guangdong is in the south of China.
to the south of 是在地点以外的南部 Australia is on the south of China.
on the south of 接壤,不管辖 Canada is to the south of America.
词汇拓展
“四个单词,两条规律”
规律1:名词→形容词:后面+ern
规律2:东南方:中英文相反
1. be famous for因为……而闻名
词组拓展 be famous as 作为……而闻名
2. try doing尝试做某事
词组拓展 try to do 努力,企图做某事 = try one’s best to do
3. not only...but also...不但……而且……
重点用法
1、用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其意为“不仅……而且……”;其中的also有时可以省略。
2、若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
Unit 3 Our Animal Friends
1. mean v. 意思是、意味着
重点用法 mean doing意味做某事
mean to do 想要做某事
词汇拓展 过去式 meant 过去分词 meant
1) mean adj. 吝啬的、小气的、刻薄的
2) meaning [U] n. 意义;含义
3) meaningful adj. 有意义的
4) meaningless adj. 没有意义的
2. allow v. 允许
重点用法 allow sb to do 允许某人做某事
be allowed to do 某人被允许做某事
3. apologize v. 道歉
重点用法 1) apologize to sb 跟某人道歉
2)apologize for sth / doing sth 因做了某事道歉
3) apologize to sb for sth /doing sth 因做了某事跟某人道歉
词汇拓展 apology [U] n. 道歉
4. lead v. 带领、导致
重点用法 1) 过去式 led 过去分词 led
2) lead to导致、通向
3) lead sb to/into...... 带某人去某个地方
词汇拓展 leader [C] n. 领导
5. wake v. 醒来,唤醒
重点用法 过去式 woke 过去分词 woken
wake up 醒来
词汇拓展 awake adj. 醒着的(只做表语) He is still awake.
asleep adj. 睡着的 (只做表语) She fell asleep 3 hours ago
6. helpful adj. 有用的,有帮助的
重点用法 help sb do sth.帮助某人做某事
help sb with sth. 帮助某人某事
词汇拓展 helpless adj. 无用的
7.adj. 瞎的、失明的、盲目的
重点用法 1) be blind to 对...视而不见
the blind n.盲人
the +形容词表示一类人 E.g. the rich, the poor, the young
8. finally adv. = at last = in the end
词汇拓展 final adj. 最后的
9. appear v. 出现、似乎(系动词)
词汇拓展 disappear v. 消失
10. act v. 扮演
词汇拓展 1) action [U] n.行动
2) actor / actress 男演员/女演员
bottom [C] n . 底部;末端;臀部;尽头
词组搭配 at the bottom of 在……的底部
at the top of 在.....顶部
in the middle of 在.....中间
  
12. anywhere adv. 任何地方
重点用法 常用于否定句和疑问句。不和介词连用。
13. nothing pron. 没有东西
【复合不定代词】
1.背诵中英文
-body 人 -one 人 -thing 事/物
some- 某个 somebody someone something
any- 某个/任何 anybody anyone anything
every- 每个 everybody everyone everything
no- 没有 nobody no one nothing
2. some-和 any- 的用法
【肯定句】 some-用于 肯定句 ,表示“ 某个… ”(意思)。
any-用于 肯定句 ,表示“ 任何的… ”(意思)。
【疑问句】
some-用于 疑问句 ,表示“ 某个… ”(意思)。 表示委婉、有礼貌的语气 (用法)
any-用于 否定句、疑问句 ,表示“ 某个… ”(意思)。
3. 形容词修饰复合不定代词: 复合不定代词+形容词
4. 复合不定代词作 主语 ,谓语动词用 单数 。
1. arrive at到达 = reach = get to
原文再现 One day, John Dancer and Charlie arrived at a hotel. (P31)
重点用法 arrive at +小地点
arrive in +大地点
2. by oneself独自= on one’s own = alone
Unit 4 Save the trees
1. furniture n. 家具
重点用法 1) 集合名词;不可数名词;作主语时,谓语动词用 单数。
2) 一件家具: a piece of furniture
一套家具:a set of furniture
2. discuss v.讨论
重点用法 1) discuss sth. 讨论某事
2) discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
3) discuss sth./ doing sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事/讨论做某事
词汇拓展 1) discussion n. 讨论
2) have a discussion about sth. = discuss sth.讨论某事
3. fight v. 过去式过去分词 fight-fought-fought
n. 斗争,战斗,打架
词汇拓展 fighter n. 战士,斗争者
词组搭配
fight against 和...作斗争 England fought against France.
fight with 和...一起战斗 England fought with France.
fight with A against B 和A一起对抗B England fought with France against Germany in World War I.
fight for 为...而奋斗(自由、国家、生命) They were fighting for their freedom.If you want the job, you’ll have to fight for ( http: / / www. / ) it.
against prep.
重点用法 1) 反对,反抗
2) 预防、防备 Save money against a rainy day. (谚) 未雨绸缪。
词组拓展 1) fight against 抗击……, 与……作斗争
2) play against 与……比赛
3) be against 反对……
反义词:be for 赞成
4. produce v. 生产
词汇拓展 1)production n. 产品,产物,产量
2) productivity n. 生产力,生产率
词汇辨析
produce 生产 This famous writer produced 100 famous works in all his life.
make 制作 She makes all her clothes.
grow 生长 They grow wheat and rice every year.
5. harmful adj. 有害的
重点用法 be harmful to / for = be bad for 对……有害(强调状态)
词汇拓展 1) harmless adj. 无害的,不致伤的
2) harm n. 伤害,害处 v.伤害
do harm to 对……有害(强调动作)
3) 同类结构:名词/动词 + ful 变adj.
e.g. careful; helpful; powerful; useful; colorful; hopeful; skillful; cheerful; thankful等。
6. convenient adj. 方便的,便利的
重点用法 1) convenient + 名词
2) be convenient for doing sth. /sb.对于做某事/某人来说,.....是便利的
词汇拓展 1) convenience n. 方便,便利
2) inconvenient (反义词) adj.不便利的
8. carry v.
词汇辨析
bring 带来(强调方向性) Bring me the book, please.
take 带走(强调方向性) Mother took the little girl to the next room.
carry 随身携带(没有明确方向性) The box is heavy. Can you carry it
get/fetch (到别处去把某人或某物)取来强调目的性,口语化 Please go to my office to get some chalk.
imagine v. 想象;设想
imagine doing 想象做某事
imagination n. 想象
take in 吸收
词组辨析
英文 中文 英文 中文
take in 吸收 take off 脱下、起飞
take away 带走 take out 取出
take care of 照顾 take care 小心、注意
take it easy 放轻松 take to 开始、从事
(be) made of 由......原料制成
词组辨析
be made of 由......制成(看得出原材料) The desk is made of wood.
be made from 由......制成(看不出原材料) Paper is made from wood.
be made in 在某地制成 This kind of watch is made in Shanghai.
be made up of 由......组成 The team is made up of 30 students and a teacher.
be made by 由某人制成 These nice watches are made by the hard-working men.
3. millions of 大量的,数以百万计的
重点用法 hundred, thousand, million, billion的用法归纳:
1)有无无:有数字无s无of
2)无有有:无数字有s有of
4.stop doing 停止干某事
词组辨析
stop doing 停止做(不做) The teacher is coming. We must stop talking aloud.
stop to do 停下来去做(做) We are so tired now and I think we must stop to have a rest.
stop sb. from doing sth.= prevent / keep sb from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 We must stop people from cutting down trees.
5. the number of ...的数量
重点用法 the number of + 复数可数名词;
词组比较
the number of 后面都跟可数名词复数 含义:...的数量 谓语:单数 The number of students is 125.
a number of 含义:大量的 谓语:复数 A number of students are sick.
Unit 5 Water
drop v. 掉下,落下 过去式-过去分词(drop—dropped—dropped )
[C] n. 滴、水珠
a drop of 一滴
词汇拓展 drop in 顺便拜访
drop off 让……下车
drop from 从……掉下来
2. journey n.
词汇辨析 trip, journey, tour, travel(了解;重点记忆词性)
trip 名词 常用于口语,多指因公务出行或较短暂的旅行
journey 名词 时间较长,距离较远的陆上旅行,也可指水上或空中的旅行
tour 名词、动词 距离可长可短,目的各异的周游或巡行,途中可停留游览点,最后返回出发地
travel 名词、动词 泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行,多指到远方作长期旅行,不强调直接目的地
3. salt n. 盐
词汇拓展 salty adj. 咸的,有盐的
sour adj. 酸的
sweet adj. 甜的
bitter adj. 苦的
spicy / hot adj. 辣的
4. on adv. 表示已连接、处于工作状态或使用中
词汇拓展 1) 方位介词,“在……上”
2) 时间介词,+具体某一天(早午晚) “在(某一天)”
3) 与交通工具和出行方式连用。 get on登上;on foot
4) “穿上,戴着” put on
5) 表“发生”,“上映” put on
6) 表“关于” = about
7) 表“通过”或“使用” on the Internet.
on the phone
5. voice n. 嗓音
词汇辨析 voice, sound, noise
sound 可数名词 自然界各种各样的声音 还可做动词
voice 可数名词 人的嗓音,鸟叫声
noise 不可数名词 噪音
6. through prep. 通过、穿过
词汇辨析 through, cross, across
across 跨越;横跨; adv. /prep. 从表面跨过+ bridge, sea, road, street, river e.g. go across the bridge
cross v. e.g. cross the bridge
through 穿过 prep. 从内部、中间穿过+ window, forest, cloud, tunnel(隧道) e.g. fly through the window
over 越过 prep. 从上方越过(不接触) e.g. flay over the city
past 经过 prep. 从旁边经过 e.g. walk past
7. valuable adj. 很有用的;宝贵的 = of great value
value n. 价值
valueless adj. 没有价值的
1. turn off 关掉,关闭
重点用法 turn off和名词一起用的位置:turn off +名词;turn +名词+off
turn off和代词一起用的位置:turn +代词+off
词组拓展 turn on,turn off, turn up, turn down等
短语 例句 中文
turn on Turn on the TV. 打开
turn off Turn off the TV. 关掉
turn up Can you turn up a little I can’t hear clearly. 调大(音量)
turn down Can you turn down the radio The baby is sleeping. 调小(音量)
turn over Turn over the page. 翻转
turn right Go straight, and turn right at the second crossing. 右转
turn left Go straight, and turn left at the second crossing. 左转
2. be made up of…由...组成
词汇辨析 make up, make up for sth., make-up, be made up of
短语 例句 中文
make up The whole story is made up. I will make up you. 弥补;和解;编造;整理;化妆;拼凑成
make up for sth. I will make up for the lost of the accident. 为...弥补
make-up So next time take me to your make-up lessons. 化妆
be made up of The team is made up of ten persons. 由...组成
3. add...to... 把……加入……
4. remember to do … 记得去做...
重点用法 remember not to do 记得不要做某事
词汇辨析 remember to do和remember doing
短语 例句 中文
remember to do … Remember to invite Tom to your birthday party. 还未做,去做
remember doing… I remember inviting him this morning, and he accepted it. 已做
Unit 6 Electricity
1. rule n. 规则
重点用法 遵守规则 obey/ follow/ keep the rule
打破规则 break the rule
词汇拓展 ruler n. 尺子
2. moment n. 瞬间;片刻
重点用法 1) at the moment 当时;此刻
2) in a moment 立刻;一会儿
3) at any moment 随时;很快
4) for the moment 暂时;目前
5) wait a moment 等会儿
3. cooker n. 厨具
词汇拓展 cook v. 煮 n.厨师
-er 名词后缀 表示“人/物”
reply v. 回答 (reply-replied-replied)
n. 回答
词汇辨析 reply, answer
单词 reply answer
n. reply to... ...的回复 answer to... ...的回答
例句 I received no reply to my request. Have you had an answer to your letter
v. 1) reply 正式用语2) reply +that从句3) reply to sth. 回复... answer 是口头用语answer sth. 回答...
例句 He replied that he was right at last.He replied to my letter He answered my letter.
5. connect v. 使连接
重点用法 1) connect A with / and B. 将AB两者连接起来
2) connect A to B 将A 连接到B上面去
3) A be connected to B A被连接到了B上
词汇拓展 connection n. 连接;联系
tidy v. 使整洁;使整齐 (tidy-tidied-tidied)
词汇拓展 tidy sth. 整理某事物
tidy up 动词短语 收拾好;弄整洁
词汇拓展 tidy adj. 整洁的;整齐的
7. foolish adj.
重点用法 It’s foolish of sb to do sth某人做某事很蠢(句型)
词汇拓展 fool n. 笨蛋;傻瓜 v. 愚弄
foolishly adv. 愚蠢地
近义词 unwise; stupid; silly
反义词 wise; smart; bright; clever; intelligent, brilliant
8. conversation n. 谈话
重点用法 1) make/have a conversation about / on sth. 关于某事开始一次谈话
2) make/have a conversation with sb. 与某人谈话
9. test v. 测试
n. 测试
词汇辨析 examination, exam, quiz, test【了解即可,重点记忆单词】
单词 examination exam quiz test
区别 大型的、正式的测试 是examination的缩写,常用于口语 非正式的小测验 小考或小考查
10. electricity n. 电流;电学
词汇拓展
单词 词性 含义 例子
electric adj. 导电的 Iron is electric.
electrical adj. 有关电的 Today we will learn something in our electrical book.
electrics n. 电学 I like electrics.
1. in a way 在某种程度上
词组拓展 on the way 在路上
by the way 顺便提一下
in no way 绝不
in the way 挡道的,碍事的
in this way 这样
2. switch off
重点用法 switch +代词+off
词组拓展 打开 switch on
词组辨析 switch off, turn off【了解即可】
词组 switch off turn off
区别 多指关掉电源,也有沉闷,无生气的意思 只能指关掉电器
例句 The lecture was so boring that I switched off very soon. Please turn off the TV.
3. a packet of
重点用法 a packet of + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数
如果要表示复数,则:数词 + packets + of + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数
a packet of sugar two packets of sugar
a packet of apples three packets of apples
Unit 7 Poems
1. feelings [C] n. 感觉
词汇拓展 feel v. 感觉
感官动词(sound, taste, smell, look), 后面一般跟形容词构成主系表结构。
注意:get, become, keep等词后面也接形容词,表示“变得……”,“保持……”。
词汇辨析
feel 动词:触觉感受、感知等。 I feel good.
名词:触觉、手感、感觉等 The silk has a soft smooth feel.There is a feel of winter.
feeling 名词:感觉、触觉、感想、感情。含有较重的情感成份,表情绪方面的感觉。 The cold made him lose feeling in his fingers.She was guided by feeling rather than thought.
2. order n. 命令、顺序、订单
重点用法 1)按顺序 in order
2)发生故障;次序颠倒 out of order
3)为了做某事 in order to do
词汇拓展 1) order v. 预定、命令
order sb to do命令某人去做某事
3. advice [U] n. 建议
词汇拓展 advise v. 建议
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
词汇辨析 advice, suggestion
advice [U] “意见,建议,提议”, [V] advise sb. to do sth.
suggestion [C] “忠告,意见,指点”,[V] suggest doing sth.
e.g. I want to give you some advice on your work.
Could you give me some suggestions for this plan
注意:表示“一条或几条建议”用a/some pieces of advice
4. aloud adv. 大声地
词汇辨析
aloud adv.强调发出的声音能被听见,“出声地”或“大声地”,常与 read, call 等动词连用。 Please read the text aloud.
loudly “喧闹”或“嘈杂”,常与 ring, knock 等动词连用。 Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.
loud adj. / adv.侧重发出的音量大,传得远,多用来修饰 speak, talk , laugh 等动词。 Don’t talk so loud.
5. agree v. 同意
重点用法 1) agree with 同意(意思、想法、分析、解释)agree with sb./sth.
2) agree to do 同意做某事
3) agree on 对某事有同样看法,商定某事,达成一致
词汇拓展 disagree v. 不同意
6. complete adj. 完整的,整个的
v.完成
词汇拓展 近义词 finish
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
1. (not) at all 一点也不
重点用法 用来表示否定(是No的加强说法),意为“一点也不;完全不”。通常情况下,at all放在句末, 句中有否定词no, not, never, nothing等。
2. be worried about 担心
重点用法 worried adj. 担心的
短语拓展 worry about... 担心……
be excited at... 对.……感到兴奋
be afraid of...对.……感到害怕
be frightened about 对.……感到害怕
3. a crowd of 一群
重点用法 a crowd of+可数名词复数
Unit 8 From hobby to career
1. career n.事业
词汇辨析
work 泛指,不可数 Please pay attention to your own work.
job 具体,可数 It’s hard for me to find a proper job.
career 强调投入心血,可数 My lifelong career is teaching.
2. knowledge n.知识
重点用法 have a large knowledge of... 有……的广泛知识
3. shoot v.射,冲,飞驰 (shoot-shot-shot)
重点用法 shoot sb./ sth. 向某人/某物开枪
词汇拓展 shoot v. 拍摄
take a shot 尝试 have a try
词汇辨析
shoot 强调结果,“射中” The man shot five birds in the forest.那个人在森林里射死(中)了五只鸟。
shoot at 强调动作,“瞄准”,不知是否死亡 They shot at the wolf, but didn't shoot her.他们向那只狼射击,但是没有射死。
4. host v.(host-host-host)主持;n. 主人、主持人
词汇拓展 hostess n. 女主人,女老板
5. last v. 持续
last for +一段时间 持续...
词汇辨析
last adj. 最近的;上一个的最后的the last She went to a movie last night.
late adj. 迟到的adv. 晚地 Don’t be late for school.Don’t come home late.
latter adj. 后者的n. 后者 Of the two choices, I prefer the latter.
later adv. ……之后一段时间+later He came back ten days later.
latest adj. 最新的 This is her latest book.
lately adv. 最近 recently常用现在完成时 I haven’t written to him lately.
6. achieve v. 完成;达成
重点用法 achieve one’s aim/goal/dream 达到某人的目标/梦想
词汇拓展 achievement n. 成就
7. decide v. 决定
词组拓展 decision n. 决定
decide to do = make a decision to do 决定做
8. lively adj. 生动的
重点用法
alive adj. 活着,强调生死 He wanted to keep the fish alive.
living adj. 存在世上,健在 My first teacher is still living.
live adj. 活着的,直播(指物) There is a live fish here.
lively adj. 生动的 Everything is lively here.
9. alone adv. 独自地
词汇辨析
alone 可做形容词和副词,客观强调一个人,没有陪伴。 I was alone in the house.
lonely 只做形容词,强调孤独感。 He doesn’t feel lonely when he is left alone.
1. in the future
词组辨析
in the future 较长一段将来时间 I want to be a teacher in the future.
in future 较近一段时间 Don’t do that in future.
2. used to
词汇辨析
used to do 过去常常做某事(现在不做) He used to sleep at eight.
be / get used to doing 习惯做某事 He is used to sleeping at eight.
be used to do 被用来做某事 Wood is used to make paper.
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