牛津译林版八年级上册Unit8 Natural disasters 同步练习 （含解析）

Unit 8 同步练习
一、单选题
1．— ______ You are nearly hit by that car!
—Thank you very much. I will be more careful next time!
A．Don’t run! B．Stop listening! C．It’s in danger. D．Look out!
2．Which of the following may NOT be a disaster
A．Flood B．Fire C．Storm D．Earthquake
3．—Did you have a sports meting yesterday
—No, we didn’t. We put it off ________ the heavy rain.
A．so that B．because C．in order to D．because of
4．—Do you know a group of wild elephants left the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve (西双版纳国家自然保护区) and started moving north.
—Yes, I couldn’t stop worrying about them ________ they went back home.
A．until B．because C．but D．if
5．A snake bit my son on the leg ________ we took him to see the doctor.
A．but B．so C．if D．because
6．—It’s too late. I must go.
—It’s raining outside. Don’t leave ______ it stops.
A．if B．until C．though D．because
7．My brother is going to learn to act when he ________ high school.
A．is going to finish B．is finishing C．finishes D．finished
8．— The English passage is hard to understand because there are ________ twenty new words in it.
— You can look them up in the dictionary.
A．at first B．at least C．at once D．at last
9．To send the donations (捐献物) to the hospital as soon as possible, the drivers ________ stopped to eat or rest during the journey.
A．nearly B．hardly C．often D．always
10．—Yuan Longping passed away（去世）in Changsha, Hunan Province on May 22,2021.
一I’m sorry to hear that. I think ________ people will remember him forever .
A．thousands of B．thousand of C．two thousand of D．two thousands
11．The reporter said that the UFO ________ from east to west when she saw it.
A．flies B．is flying C．was flying D．will fly
12．I can’t hear you ________. Could you please say it again
A．clear enough B．enough clear C．clearly enough D．enough clearly
13．We were talking with the exchange students ________ the door opened quietly.
A．after B．while C．before D．when
14．The girl felt ________ tired last night and then she fell ________ quickly.
A．a little; sleepy B．a bit of; asleep
C．a little bit; sleepy D．a bit; asleep
15．—Did you win the basketball game yesterday
—Not really. ________ we all tried our best, we lost it.
A．If B．Though C．Unless D．Because
二、阅读下面语段，根据文意，将方框内所给词语的适当形式填入相应的空白处，使短文意思完整。（每词只能使用一次）
among, between, also, hear, example, to, called, may, loud , sleep, causes, and
Stop and listen! What do you ____16____ You may hear many different sounds. Some of the sound ____17____ be noise. Noise is a loud or unwanted sound. Noise can be caused by many kinds of machines, for ____18____, cars, planes, farm tractors(拖拉机) and so on. And, to some people, rock music is ____19____ a noise. What happens ____20____ people who live near noisy machines or use them over a period of time Doctors have found that these people have trouble ____21____. But, more importantly, constant ____22____ noise can cause a loss of hearing. Scientists use a unit of measure ____23____ a decibel(分贝) to check the loudness of a sound. The sound of a quiet room, for example, measures 35 decibels. Talking measures ____24____ 40 and 65 decibels. Sounds from traffic and from some rock bands can measure over 120 decibels. Noise at this high level ____25____ the greatest hearing loss.
三、补全对话
A: Hi, Mark. You look so sad. ____26____
B: I didn’t pass the English test, Bert. I can’t learn English well and I’m always worried about it.
A: I’m sorry to hear that. ____27____
B: I know you’re good at English. ____28____
A: I study with a group. It’s better than to study alone.
B: I agree. ____29____
A: Certainly. We can learn from each other.
B: Great! When can I join you
A: ____30____
B: That’s very kind of you.
A．What’s wrong
B．Tomorrow if you like.
C．How do you study it
D．But don’t worry about it.
E．Could I join your study group
四、完形填空
What tools do we Chinese eat with Chopsticks! They look like ____31____ beautiful short thin sticks. They are made ____32____ many different materials. The materials that are made into chopsticks ____33____ wood, bamboo, plastic, iron, silver and even gold. Though there are so many different ____34____ of chopsticks, I think the best ones are bamboo chopsticks ____35____ bamboo grows fast and it is easy to get. They are much cheaper. Wood chopsticks are also very good, but a tree needs to grow for many years ____36____ it can be used to make chopsticks. Using bamboo chopsticks is ____37____ for the environment than using wood chopsticks. Silver chopsticks can ____38____ to not only eat food but also examine food. In the old days, the emperors and the rich people used ____39____ to check if the food had poison (毒) in it. If the food has poison, the silver chopsticks ____40____ black.
Try chopsticks and have a different experience.
31．A．one B．two C．three D．four
32．A．of B．from C．in D．as
33．A．including B．included C．includes D．include
34．A．color B．colors C．kind D．kinds
35．A．because B．why C．after D．until
36．A．when B．after C．before D．since
37．A．better B．worse C．good D．bad
38．A．use B．used C．be used D．is used
39．A．them B．they C．their D．theirs
40．A．turn B．to turn C．will turn D．turned
五、阅读理解
The modern world runs on energy. However, in the past human society used very little energy like wind, water and fire could provide. There are many different ways to create energy, but some ways are harmful to the environment.
Fossil fuels (化石燃料) are the most common kind of energy. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. First, people have to dig them from the ground. This can sometimes harm the environment. However, scientists are creating cleaner and better ways to do that these days. So the environment is not harmed as much as before. But when people burn these fossil fuels, they can give off a lot of harmful gases, which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming. This might harm the environment.
Tidal (潮汐) energy is another way to make electricity. It uses the ocean tides to make electricity. But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fishes and other sea animals. Also dams can create lakes and lots of clean energy, but they change the way that rivers run. So they can do great harm to the balance of nature around the lakes and along the rivers.
Nuclear (核) energy is a very powerful form of energy. It is cheap and very clean. However, many people are afraid of it because there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to humans and nature. But the technology is much better these days. Many countries are starting to use nuclear energy more.
We live in an age when it is possible to use different kinds of energy. Whatever kind of energy we use, it should be good for people and environment.
41．What do you know about fossil fuels after reading the passage
A．They are dug from the ground. B．They are considered expensive.
C．They hardly harm the environment. D．They are not widely used in the world.
42．What problem can tidal energy make
A．It can cause serious accidents. B．It can change the way that rivers run.
C．It can give off a lot of harmful gases. D．It can kill many living things in the river.
43．Why do many countries start to use nuclear energy more
A．It’s a common kind of energy. B．People are not afraid of it now.
C．It’s cheap, clean and safer than before. D．People can’t live without nuclear energy.
44．What does the underlined word “dams” mean
A．Walls which are built across river. B．Houses which are built across river.
C．Bridges which are built across river. D．Railways which are built across river.
45．What is the best title of the passage
A．Serious Accidents in the Past B．Balance of Nature and People
C．Different Ways to Create Energy D．Cleaner and Better Environment
六、写作
假如你是Tom，以下是你的外国朋友Tina给你发的一封电子邮件，请你阅读后回复邮件，词数80左右。
FROM: Tina
TO: Tom
SUBJECT: My visit to China
Hi, Tom!
How is everything going I want to visit your town in November. What is the weather like in your town And what should I take with me I know the Chinese Spring Festival is coming in February, and it is a very important festival for Chinese people. How do you celebrate it Can you tell me something more about it
Best wishes to your parents!
Yours,
Tina
Dear Tina, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Tom
参考答案
1．D
【解析】句意：——小心！你差点被那辆车撞到！——非常感谢你。下次我会更加小心！
考查情景交际。Don’t run不要跑；Stop listening停止倾听；It’s in danger它处于危险中；Look out小心。根据“You are nearly hit by that car”以及“I will be more careful next time”可知此处是提醒别人要小心一点。故选D。
2．B
【解析】句意：下列哪一项可能不是灾难？
考查常识。Flood洪水；Fire火；Storm暴风雨；Earthquake地震。根据生活常识可知，火可能不是灾难，故选B。
3．D
【解析】句意：——你们昨天开运动会了吗？——不，我们没有。因为下大雨，我们把它推迟了。
考查词义辨析。so that以便，引导目的状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句；in order to为了，后跟动词原形；because of因为，后跟名词、代词或名词性短语。分析语境可知，“the heavy rain”是“We put it off”的原因，且“the heavy rain”为名词短语，故选D。
4．A
【解析】句意：——你知道一群野生大象离开了西双版纳国家自然保护区并开始向北移动吗？——知道，直到它们安全到家，我才停止担心它们。
考查连词辨析。until直到；because因为；but但是；if如果。not...until...表示“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句。故选A。
5．B
【解析】句意：一条蛇咬了我儿子的腿，所以我们带他去看医生。
考查连词辨析。but但是；so因此；if如果；because因为。“A snake bit my son on the leg”与“we took him to see the doctor”是因果关系，遵循“前因后果”，所以此空应填so，故选B。
6．B
【解析】句意：——太晚了。我必须走了。——外面在下雨。雨停了再离开吧。
考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到；though虽然；because因为。根据“Don’t leave...it stops”可知是直到雨停再走，用not...until引导时间状语从句。故选B。
7．C
【解析】句意：我哥哥高中毕业后将学习表演。
考查动词时态。when引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，故选C。
8．B
【解析】句意：——这篇英语文章很难理解，因为里面至少有20个新词。——你可以查字典。
考查介词短语辨析。at first起初；at least至少；at once立刻；at last终于。根据“there are … twenty new words in it”可知，至少有20个新词，故选B。
9．B
【解析】句意：为了尽快把捐献物送到医院，司机们在旅途中几乎没有停下来吃饭或休息。
考查副词词义辨析。nearly几乎；hardly几乎不；often经常；always总是。根据“To send the donations to the hospital as soon as possible”可知，司机几乎没有停下来吃饭或休息，故选B。
10．A
【解析】句意：——袁隆平于2021年5月22日在湖南省长沙市逝世。——听到这个消息我很难过。我想成千上万的人将永远记住他。
考查thousand的用法。thousand前有具体的数词时，用单数形式，不与of连用，排除C、D；thousand与of连用时，表示概数，应用复数形式，故选A。
11．C
【解析】句意：记者说，当她看到UFO时，它正从东向西飞行。
考查时态。根据时间状语从句“when she saw it”可知，是在过去看到的UFO，那时它正在飞行，主句部分用过去进行时，谓语结构是was/were doing。故选C。
12．C
【解析】句意：我听不太清楚。你能再说一遍吗？
考查词义辨析以及enough的位置。enough修饰形容词或副词时，要放在形容词或副词的后面，排除B和D选项。clear清楚的；clearly清楚地。修饰动词hear，要用副词clearly，故选C。
13．D
【解析】句意：我们正与交换生交谈时，门悄悄地开了。
考查连词辨析。after在……之后；while当……时候；before在……之前；when当……时候。根据“We were talking with the exchange students...the door opened quietly.”可知此处表示某个动作正在进行的时候，另一个动作发生了，用when引导时间状语从句。故选D。
14．D
【解析】句意：这个女孩昨晚感到有点累，然后很快就入睡了。
考查副词短语和形容词辨析。a little=a bit= a little bit意为“有点”，后跟形容词或副词；a little= a bit of意为“一点；一些”，后跟不可数名词，第一空后是tired“疲劳的，累的”，所以第一空可以填a little/a bit/a little bit；形容词asleep意为“睡着的”，形容词sleepy意为“瞌睡的”，根据句意可知，应是女孩很快睡着了，fall asleep“入睡”，所以第二空填asleep。故选D。
15．B
【解析】句意：——昨天的篮球赛你们赢了吗？——并没有。尽管我们都尽力了，但还是失败了。
考查连词辨析。if如果；though虽然；unless除非；because因为。根据“we all tried our best, we lost it”可知前后两句是让步关系，用though引导让步状语从句。故选B。
16．hear 17．may 18．example 19．also 20．to 21．sleeping 22．hearing 23．called 24．between 25．causes
【解析】本文讲述了噪音对人体的危害。
16．句意：你听到了什么？根据“Stop and listen”可知是问听到了什么，hear“听见”，动词，空前有助动词，动词用原形，故填hear。
17．句意：有些声音可能是噪音。根据“be”可知空处应该是情态动词，结合选词可知may“可能”符合语境，故填may。
18．句意：例如，汽车、飞机、农用拖拉机等等。for example“例如”，是固定短语，故填example。
19．句意：而且，对一些人来说，摇滚乐也是一种噪音。根据“And, to some people, rock music is...a noise”可知对一些人来说，摇滚乐也是一种噪音，also“也”，副词，故填also。
20．句意：住在噪音机器附近或长时间使用它们的人会发生什么？sth happen to sb“某人身上发生了某事”，故填to。
21．句意：医生发现这些人有睡眠问题。根据“Doctors have found that these people have trouble...”结合选词可知，长时间在噪音机器附近的人会有睡眠问题，have trouble doing sth“做某事有麻烦”，为固定短语，故填sleeping。
22．句意：但更重要的是，持续的听力噪音会导致听力丧失。根据“But, more importantly, constant...noise can cause a loss of hearing.”结合选词可知是指持续的听力噪音，此处应用现在分词作定语，修饰名词，故填hearing。
23．句意：科学家们使用一种叫做分贝的测量单位来测量声音的大小。根据“Scientists use a unit of measure...a decibel(分贝) ”结合选词可知一种叫做分贝的测量单位，called是过去分词作定语，故填called。
24．句意：说话的音量在40到65分贝之间。根据“Talking measures...40 and 65 decibels.”可知此处是指在40到65分贝之间，between...and...“在……之间”符合语境，故填between。
25．句意：这样高的噪音会造成最大的听力损失。根据“Noise at this high level...the greatest hearing loss.”可知高噪音会造成最大的听力损失，cause“导致”，是动词，主语是单数，动词用三单形式，故填causes。
26．A 27．D 28．C 29．E 30．B
【解析】本文是Mark和Bert两个人的对话。对话中从Mark看起来如此难过聊到难过的原因是自己没有通过英语考试，所以Mark向Bert请教如何学习英语，最后二人商定，Mark加入Bert的学习小组共同学习。
26．根据“You look so sad.”可知此处应是问对方怎么了，选项A“你怎么了”符合语境，故选A。
27．根据“I’m sorry to hear that.”可知此处应是安慰对方，选项D“但是不要担心它”符合语境，故选D。
28．根据“I study with a group.”可知此处应是询问学习方法，选项C“你是怎样学它的”符合语境，故选C。
29．根据“Certainly. We can learn from each other.”可知此处应是一般疑问句，委婉的提出请求，选项E“我能加入你的学习小组吗”符合语境，故选E。
30．根据“When can I join you ”可知此处应是回答时间，选项B“如果你喜欢，明天”符合语境，故选B。
31．B 32．A 33．D 34．D 35．A 36．C 37．A 38．C 39．A 40．C
【解析】本文主要介绍了和筷子有关的信息。
31．句意：它们看起来像两个漂亮的短而细的棍子。
one一；two二；three三；four四。根据“Chopsticks”可知筷子有两根。故选B。
32．句意：它们由许多不同的材料制成。
of……的；from从；in在……里；as作为。根据“many different materials”以及后文可知筷子的制作材料都可以看出来，用短语be made of“由……制成”。故选A。
33．句意：制作筷子的材料包括木材、竹子、塑料、铁、银甚至金。
including包括，动名词或现在分词；included动词过去式或过去分词；includes动词单三；include动词原形。句子中缺少谓语动词，句子用一般现在时，主语是名词复数The materials，谓语动词用原形。故选D。
34．句意：虽然有这么多不同种类的筷子，但我认为最好的是竹筷，因为竹子长得很快，而且很容易得到。
color颜色；colors名词复数；kind种类，名词单数；kinds种类，名词复数。根据“many different...of chopsticks”可知是有很多种类的筷子，many后加名词复数。故选D。
35．句意：虽然有这么多不同种类的筷子，但我认为最好的是竹筷，因为竹子长得很快，而且很容易得到。
because因为；why为什么；after在……之后；until直到。分析句子可知，前后两句是因果关系，前果后因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。
36．句意：但是一棵树需要长很多年才能用来做筷子。
when当；after在……之后；before在……之前；since自从。根据“a tree needs to grow for many years...it can be used to make chopsticks”可知在被制成筷子之前，树木需要长很多年。故选C。
37．句意：使用竹筷子比使用木筷子对环境更好。
better更好；worse更差；good好的，形容词原级；bad坏的，形容词原级。根据“the best ones are bamboo chopsticks ”可知竹筷子是最好的，根据“than”可知此处用比较级。故选A。
38．句意：银筷子不仅可以用来吃食物，还可以用来检查食物。
use使用，动词原形；used动词过去式或过去分词；be used被动语态；is used一般现在时的被动语态。主语Silver chopsticks和谓语use之间是被动关系，故此处用含有情态动词的被动语态can be done。故选C。
39．句意：在过去，皇帝和富人用它们来检查食物中是否含有毒素。
them它们，宾格；they它们，主格；their它们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs它们的，名词性物主代词。根据“the emperors and the rich people used...to check if the food had poison”可知此处代指“银筷子”，作宾语用代词宾格。故选A。
40．句意：如果食物有毒，银筷子会变黑。
turn转动，动词原形；to turn动词不定式；will turn一般将来时；turned动词过去式或过去分词。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，主句中用一般将来时will do。故选C。
41．A 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些人类现在使用的几种能源。
41．细节理解题。根据“Fossil fuels (化石燃料) are the most common kind of energy. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. First, people have to dig them from the ground.”可知，化石燃料是最常见的能源，首先人们必须把它们从地下挖出来。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据“But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fishes and other sea animals.”可知，某些种类的潮汐能可以杀死许多鱼类和其他海洋动物。故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据“It is cheap and very clean. However, many people are afraid of it because there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to humans and nature. But the technology is much better these days.”可知，核能比以前便宜、干净和安全。故选C。
44．词义猜测题。根据“Also dams can create lakes and lots of clean energy, but they change the way that rivers run.”可知，大坝可以创造湖泊和大量清洁能源，但它们改变了河流的流动方式。此处dams的意思是“大坝”，故选A。
45．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了一些人类现在使用的几种能源，选项C“创造能源的不同方法”符合主题，故选C。
六．例文
Dear Tina,
I am so glad you are coming to my hometown. Hangzhou is really beautiful in February. But it is a bit cold. I suppose you bring some warm clothes, such as sweaters, down jackets and so on.
As you know, the Spring Festival is important for Chinese, which falls on January 1st of Chinese lunar calendar. On that day, Chinese families usually get together and have a big dinner. Dumplings are the special food for the festival. After dinner, people enjoy the Spring Festival Gala together. And children will receive lucky money from the elders. It is fantastic!
I hope this is helpful.
Yours,
Tom
【解析】[总体分析]
① 题材：本文是一篇应用文，为电子邮件；
② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③ 提示：根据Tina的电子邮件的内容给Tina回一封邮件。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍自己的家乡的天气以及对方需要带的东西；
第二步，具体阐述我们是如何庆祝春节的；
第三步，最后表达希望。
[亮点词汇]
①a bit有点儿
②such as比如
③get together一起
[高分句型]
①I suppose you bring some warm clothes（省略that的宾语从句）
②the Spring Festival is important for Chinese, which falls on January 1st of Chinese lunar calendar.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）