八年级英语上Module 12 学案导学课件

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外研版英语八年级上 学案导学 精讲精练
Module 12　Help
Module 12　Help
Unit 1
Ⅰ.选词或短语配图
stairs,　lift,　first aid,　broken
答案:1.broken　2.stairs　3.first aid　4.lift
Ⅱ.句型展示
1.让我们想象一次事故。
________ _______an accident.
2.他很疼。
He is________ ________.
3.首先,查明他怎么了。
First of all,__________ _________ _________ wrong________
him.
答案:1.Let’s imagine　2.in pain　3.find out what’s; with
4.但是他可能听你说话或者跟你说话有困难。
But he could________ _________ _______you or speaking to you.
5.贝蒂,那是如此好的建议,以至于你可能会成为一名医生。
That’s________ good advice________ you could be a doctor, Betty.
答案: 4.have trouble hearing　5.such;that
1.But he could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you.
但是他可能听你说话或者跟你说话有困难。
【自主领悟】 have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难,
其同义短语为have difficulty (in) doing sth.。
例如:I have much trouble (in) learning English.
我学习英语有很大的困难。
【活学活用】
①I have had trouble ______what he said, as my English is very poor.
A.to understand　　　　　　B.in understanding
C.to understanding D.understood
②Little Mary has trouble ______(make) friends with other children because she is too shy.
答案: making
2.That’s such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty!贝蒂,那是如此好的建议,以至于你可能会成为一名医生!
【自主领悟】 such用来修饰名词,可与that从句连用。
such+adj.+不可数名词+that从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。
例如:It is such delicious food that I want some more.
它是如此美味的食物以至于我想多要些。
【用法辨析】such与so的异同
(1)such用来修饰名词,so用来修饰形容词或副词;两词都可以与that从句连用。
(2)such与so常用结构有:
a/an+adj. +单数名词
①such+ adj. +不可数名词
adj. +复数名词
adj. /adv.
adj. +a/an+单数名词
many/few+可数名词复数
much/little+不可数名词
②so+
【一言辨义】
I’m amazed that so many students are playing soccer on the playground on such a hot day.这样热的天还有这么多学生在操场上踢足球,我感到很惊讶。
【活学活用】
①The stone is so heavy that I can’t lift it up.(改为同义句)
It is________ a heavy stone________ I can’t lift it up.
②这辆车太贵了,以至于我买不起。
The car is________ expensive________ I can’t afford it.
答案:①such; that　②so; that
3.First of all, find out what’s wrong with him.
首先,查明他怎么了。
【自主领悟】(1)这是一个祈使句,其中what’s wrong with him作find out的宾语。
(2)find out意为“发现,查明”,强调经过努力后得到的结果或某件事的真相。
【用法辨析】“找”不同
(1)look for意为“寻找”,强调寻找的过程。
(2)find意为“发现,找到”,强调寻找的结果。
【活学活用】
①——你在找什么
——我的钥匙。我找不到它了。
—What are you________ ________
—My key. I can’t ________it.
②请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Please________ ________when the train leaves.
答案:①looking for; find　②find out
Ⅰ.从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空
cover,　broken,　train,　harm,　trouble
1.Be careful of that________ glass. Don’t hurt your finger.
2.After ten years’ hard________, he became a successful basketball player.
答案:1.broken　2.training　
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.医生们及时赶到,并对这位司机立刻进行了急救。
The doctors arrived in time and gave the driver________ ________immediately.
2.在大海的底部生活着各种各样的鱼。
There are all kinds of fishes_______ ________ _________ ________the sea.
答案:1.first aid　2.at the bottom of
3.Jack________his face with his hands and began to cry.
4.Eating too much salt is ________to your health.
5.—I have________ working out the math problem. Can you help me
—Certainly.
答案: 3.covered　4.harmful 5.trouble
3.你看上去很伤心。出什么事啦
You looked very sad.________ ________ ________you
4.戴维很强壮。他能够容易地抬起那个重的箱子。
David is very strong. He can________ ________that heavy box easily.
5.你能确定火车是否准点吗
Can you________ ________whether the train is on time
答案:3.What’s wrong with　4.lift up　5.make sure
Module 12　Help
Unit 2
Ⅰ.短语互译
1.warn sb.about sth.　　　　 __________
2.jump out of __________
3.保持冷静 __________
4.注意…… __________
5.简言之 __________
答案:1.警告某人注意某事　2.往外跳
3.keep calm　4.be careful of　5.in short
Ⅱ.句型展示
1.地震总是发生得很突然,所以很难给予人们预警。
Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult________
________people ________them.
2.不要往高大的建筑物外跳。
________ ________ ________ ________high buildings.
答案:1.to warn; about　2.Don’t jump out of
3.远离窗子和重家具。
________ ________ ________windows and heavy furniture.
4.总之,按照在学校所学到的(地震)知识去做。
In short,_______ ________ _________ ________in school.
答案: 3.Stay away from　4.follow what you learnt
1.Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them.
地震总是发生得很突然,所以很难给予人们预警。
【自主领悟】
(1)这是一个由so引导的结果状语从句的复合句。在英语中,because和so不能用于同一个句子中。
其结构如下:
(2)warn sb. about/of sth.警告/提醒某人某事。例如:
The policeman warned the driver about the danger of driving so fast.
这位警察提醒这位司机开得如此快的危险。
【归纳拓展】 warn的另外三种搭配
　　warn用作动词,意为“警告;告诫;提醒”,还用于以下结构中:
(1)warn sb. to do sth.意为“告诫某人做某事”。例如:
The policeman warned the thief to put up his hands.
警察告诫这个小偷举起手来。
(2)warn sb. against doing sth.=warn sb. not to do sth.意为“警告/提醒某人不要做某事”。例如:
My parents often warn me against playing football on the street.=My parents often warn me not to play football on the street.我父母经常警告我不要在街上踢足球。
(3)warn sb. that...意为“警告/提醒某人……”。
They warned us that there was a shark nearby.
他们提醒我们附近有鲨鱼。
【活学活用】
①The teachers warned their students ________(not swim)in the river.
②Because Li Lei got up late this morning, he didn’t catch the early bus.(改为同义句)
Li Lei got up late this morning, ________he didn’t catch the early bus.
答案:①not to swim　②so
2.If you are in a bus or car, stay in it.
如果你在公交车或者车里的话,就待在里边。
【自主领悟】本句是if引导的条件状语从句。当主句为一般将来时、祈使句、情态动词+动词原形时,if引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时,即“主将从现”“主祈从现”“主情从现”。
【活学活用】
①If it is sunny this weekend, I________ (play) football with my classmates.
②If you________ (feel) tired, you must have a rest.
答案:①will play　②feel
Ⅰ.从方框中选择合适的词或短语并用其适当形式填空
in short, keep, earthquake, brave, inside
1.Thousands of people lost their houses in the terrible______.
2.You must________ the meat in the fridge, or it will go bad.
答案:1.earthquake　2.keep　
3.________ ________,we should try our best to help the people in trouble.
4.The boy was so________ that he saved two babies from the fire.
5.There is a label on the________ of the box.
答案: 3.In short　4.brave 5.inside
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.当公交车停下来之前,别往外跳。
Do not________ ________ ________the bus until it stops.
2.当你离开教室时,不要忘记关灯。
________ ________to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
答案:1.jump out of　2.Don’t forget
3.老师警告亨利上课时不要往窗外看。
The teacher________ Henry_______ _________ ________out of the window in class.
4.如果明天下雪,我们将堆个雪人。
________it________ tomorrow, we________ ________a snowman.
5.为了你的健康,你必须停止吸烟。
You must________ ________for your health.
答案:3.warned;not to look　4.If;snows;will make
5.stop smoking
Module 12　Help
Unit 3
Keep them warm.让他们保持温暖。
【自主领悟】keep sb./sth.+形容词意为“使某人/某物……”。例如:It’s very hot in the room. Please keep the door open.房间里很热。请让门开着吧。
【归纳拓展】 keep的用法小结
(1)keep+sth./sb.+形容词(现在分词、过去分词以及介词短语)
(2)与keep有关的短语:
keep (on) doing sth.　　　　　一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep up with 跟上,不落在后面
【温馨提示】keep还可以指“借”。与时间段连用时,只能用keep,而不能用非延续性动词borrow。例如:
—How long may I keep this book
—For two weeks.
——我可以借这本书多长时间
——两周。
【活学活用】
①Six students come to the blackboard and the other students in the class keep their eyes________ (close).
②The heavy rain kept us from________ (go)out. We had to stay in the classroom.
答案:①closed　②going
Ⅰ.选短语并用其适当形式填空
because of,　keep away,　this kind of,　in trouble,
be proud of
1.It’s dangerous. Please________ from the electricity.
2.Motheroften tells us we should help the people________.
3.We didn’t go there ________the bad weather.
4.Mo Yan got the Nobel Prize. We ________all________ him.
5.________car sold very well this year.
答案:1.keep away　2.in trouble　3.because of
4.are;proud of　5.This kind of
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Don’t use that pen ________(write). It’s broken.
2.The boy was hurt badly. I think he needed some________ (medicine) help at once.
3.Please keep________ (quietly) when you are in the reading room.
4.A traffic accident happened last night.________ (lucky), no one was dead.
5.Who is crying there Let’s ________(go) and have a look.
答案:1.to write　2.medical　3.quiet　4.Luckily　5.go
一、祈使句
【观察领悟】
仔细观察例句,并写出画线部分的构成。
1.Be brave and be helpful.(________+形容词)
2.Make him comfortable.(________+代词+________)
3.Let’s imagine an accident. (Let’s+________)
4.Don’t jump out of high buildings.(________+________)
答案:1.Be　2.Make;形容词　3.动词原形
4.Don’t;动词原形
【探究总结】
祈使句的三要素
(一)定义
　　祈使句可以表达说话人的意愿、请求、叮嘱、命令或建议,它的主语you(听话人)通常省略,谓语动词用动词原形。句末用感叹号或句号,读时用降调。
(二)构成
1.肯定形式。
(1)Do型:实义动词(+宾语)+其他成分。
(2)Be型:Be+表语+其他成分。
(3)Let型:Let +宾语+动词原形+其他成分。
2.否定形式。
(1)Do型和Be型的否定形式都是在句首加Don’t构成。
(2)Let型的否定形式有两种:在let前加Don’t和“Let sb.+not+动词原形+其他成分”。
(3)Never型。
Never +动词原形。表示劝告,意为“不要……”。
(4)No型。
No+名词/动名词+其他成分!多用于公共场合的警示语,意为“禁止”。
3.反意疑问句形式。
(1)祈使句一般加上will you/won’t you构成反意疑问句。
(2)Let’s...的反意疑问句用shall we; Let us/me...的反意疑问句用will you或won’t you。
(三)祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换
1.“Let’s +动词原形”结构表建议,并包括说话者和对方在内,可转化为“Shall we+动词原形 ”。
2.“祈使句+and/then+简单句”,可将祈使句转换为含if条件状语从句的复合句,从句谓语用肯定形式。
3.“祈使句+or+简单句”,可将祈使句转换为含if条件状语从句的复合句,从句谓语用否定形式。
【实战演练】
Ⅰ.句型转换
1.You can’t talk in the reading room.(改为祈使句)
________ ________in the reading room.
2.Let’s go to the hospital.(改为否定句)
Let’s________ ________to the hospital.
3.Open the door.(改为反意疑问句)
Open the door,________ ________
答案:1.Don’t talk　2.not go　3.will you/won’t you
4.Let me have a look.(改为反意疑问句)
Let me have a look,________ ________
5.Let’s fly a kite.(改为反意疑问句)
Let’s fly a kite,________ ________
6.Work hard, or you will fail in the exam.(改为同义句)
________you ________work hard, you________ fail in the exam.
答案:4.will you/won’t you　5.shall we　6.If;don’t;will
7.Catch the cat, please.(改为否定句)
________ ________the cat, please.
8.Close your eyes, please.(改为一般疑问句)
_______ ________ ________close your eyes
答案: 7.Don’t catch　8.Will you please
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Let’s______(say)it in English.
2.Don’t______(walk)so fast. I can’t follow you.
3.______(take)a message for him, please.
4.______(be)quick,or you will be late.
答案:1.say　2.walk　3.Take　4.Be
二、情态动词must, can, could表推测
【观察领悟】
仔细观察例句,并翻译画线部分单词。
1.That could be harmful!　(　　　)
2.Betty,you must know!　(　　　)
3.Can/Could this be true 　(　　　)
4.The news can’t be true.　(　　　)
答案:1.可能　2.肯定　3.可能　4.不可能
【探究总结】
1.must:
(1)must表推测,意为“肯定;一定”,可能性很大。
You must know him well.你肯定跟他很熟。
(2)must表推测只能用于肯定句中,表否定的判断时要用can’t,表示“肯定不”。
2.can/could:
(1)can/could表示对现在或将来的一种推测,意为“会;可能”,can表推测时,往往用于否定句和疑问句中。用于疑问句中,can比could的可能性要大;用于否定句中,表示“不可能”。
The car can’t be his.这车肯定不是他的。
(2)could则可以用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中,表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。
That could be important to him.
那对于他来说可能很重要。
【实战演练】
单项选择
1.—You must be here at 5:30 tomorrow morning.
—Sorry, I______ be here so early.
A.needn’t　　 B.mustn’t　　 C.can’t　　 D.shouldn’t
2.That________be harmful if you do like that.
A.could　　 B.couldn’t　　 C.would　　 D.wouldn’t
3.The book______ be Li Lei’s. Because his name is on it.
A.can B.could C.may D.must
本模块以“援助”为话题,围绕这一话题主要谈论学习在遇到地震等灾害时应该如何面对、如何逃生等。体现本模块话题及语言综合运用能力的话题作文“如何地震逃生”以及“如何进行急救”等是各地英语中考书面表达常常考到的。
【习作在线】
近年来,地震频发。2013年4月20日,四川雅安发生7.0级地震。那么面对突如其来的地震,我们应该如何防范,如何逃生呢 请你用英语写一篇80~100个词的作文。
How to save ourselves in the earthquake
　　A 7.0 earthquake happened in Ya’an Sichuan Province on April 20, 2013.There have been many earthquakes in recent years. Then what can we do in the earthquake ____________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】
1.体裁:_______。
2.人称:________________________________。
3.时态:___________。
说明文
第一人称、第二人称(多用于祈使句)
一般现在时
【佳作鉴赏】
How to save ourselves in the earthquake
A7.0earthquake happened in Ya’an Sichuan Province on April20, 2013.There have been many earthquakes in recent years. Then what can we do in the earthquake
Firstly, don’t cry and calm down. Secondly, find some safe places to stay and don’t run in such a hurry. If in the room, one should hide himself/herself under something hard, such as desks,
tables or even beds and keep away from shelves and cupboards, and never take a lift to go downstairs. If in the open air, find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside. Thirdly, we should help each other when we meet trouble.
At last, no matter how strong the earthquake is, if only we have the belief to defeat it and never give up, we must be able to overcome any difficulties.
Ⅰ.词汇速记
1.想象(v.)　　　　　　 ______________
2.警告;告诫(v.) ______________
3.保持;留在(v.) ______________
4.勇敢的;无畏的(adj.) ______________
答案:1.imagine　2.warn　3.keep　4.brave
5.break(v.)　　　　 →__________(adj.)破碎的
6.medicine(n.) →__________(adj.)医学的;医疗的
7.train(v.) →__________(n.)训练;培训
8.harm(v.) →__________(adj.)有害的
答案:5.broken 6.medical　7.training　8.harmful
Ⅱ.短语互译
1.找出;查明　　　　　 find______
2.做某事有困难 have trouble ________sth.
3.警告某人某事 ________sb. ________sth.
4.lift up ______________
5.try(not)to do sth. ______________
6.above all ______________
答案:1.out　2.doing　3.warn;about　4.抬起;提起
5.尽量(不)做某事　6.首要的是;尤其是
Ⅲ.句型攻关
1.我们的老师可能在教室里。
Our teacher ________ ________in the classroom.
2.让我们一起去看电影吧。
________ ________to see the film together.
答案:1.could be　2.Let’s go　
3.别朝窗外看!
________ ________out of the window!
4.小心那辆车!
________ ________of that car!
答案:3.Don’t look 4.Be careful
Ⅳ. 词汇串记
Last night, when I was preparing for my English exam in my bedroom, suddenly I heard a big noise, the glass on the edge of the desk 1 (落下) onto the floor. The glass was 2 (坏了的) into pieces. The light in the room was shaking. I looked out of the 3 (窗子)and found the whole building was shaking, too. I realized that an 4 (地震)happened. I
couldn’t 5 (想象) what would happen next. I 6 (警告) myself I must be 7 (勇敢) and 8 (保持) calm and try not to cry. I climbed and hid myself 9 (在……下面) the bed. Several minutes later, the building didn’t shake any more. So I climbed out of the 10 (底部) of the bed and ran out of the building as quickly as I could.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4._______
5.________　6.________　7.________　8._______
9.________　10._______
答案:1.dropped　2.broken　3.window
4.earthquake　5.imagine　6.warned　7.brave
8.keep　9.under　10.bottom
1.(2012·黄冈中考)—Hi, Ann! I won the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
—Congratulations! And I guess your parents must ________you.
A.be mad at　　　　　 B.be proud of
C.be angry with D.be impolite to
【解析】选B。本题考查词组辨析。句意:——嗨,安!我赢得了英语演讲比赛的第一名。——祝贺你!我猜你的父母肯定为你感到骄傲。be proud of为……感到骄傲。故选B。
2.(2012·永州中考)________get off the bus before it stops.
A.Don’t　　　　 B.Doesn’t　　　　 C.Didn’t
【解析】选A。本题考查祈使句的用法。句意:在公共汽车停下来之前不要下车。祈使句的否定形式用Don’t来完成,故选A。
3.(2012·河南中考)________out your love. The world will become a nicer place to live in.
A.Speak　　 B.To speak　　 C.Spoke　 　D.Speaking
【解析】选A。本题考查祈使句的用法。前句句意:说出你的爱。祈使句使用动词原形,故选A。
4.(2012·台州中考)—Who’s singing in the bathroom
—It________ be Mr.Brown. Nobody sings like that except him.
A.will B.must C.could D.should
【解析】选B。本题考查情态动词的用法辨析。根据上下文可知语境为“一定是布朗先生”。will意为“将”;could意为“可能”;should意为“应该”;must可用于表达肯定推测,意为“一定;肯定”。故选B。