课件24张PPT。
重难点精讲专题一 名词
知识框架图
考点1 名词辨析
考点2 名词单复数
考点3 名词所有格
名词的分类名词的数名词的
所有格名词的句法功能专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数
名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词不可数名词单数复数规则变化不规则变化Of所有格的构成及用法’S所有格的构成及用法双重所有格名词作主语名词作定语名词知识框架图返回目录
返回目录重难点精讲考点一 名词辨析
1. 语境辨析(2013年21题,2011年29题)
近几年衡阳中考对名词的考查越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的辨析。常见的水果饮料类名词、动物植物类名词、蔬菜类名词及一些抽象名词是考查的热点。解答此类试题要知道不同的名词所表达的具体含义,以及要能辨别它们之间的差异,这就需要学生准确记忆名词词义并在语言环境中学习。本书开始的2014湖南(衡阳) 中考词汇分类记忆表将常见的词按话题进行分类,可结合此词汇表进行重点记忆。
重难点精讲返回目录2. 近义词辨析
湖南(衡阳) 中考对名词的近义词辨析涉及较少,可根据衡阳考情适当补充词条讲解。
(1)voice, noise与sound(见第一部分P62考点5)
(2)family, house与home(见第一部分P29考点9)
(3)message, news与information(见第一部分P85考点1)
(4)work与job(见第一部分P29考点10)
(5)question与problem(见第一部分P28考点3)
(6)idea与advice
(7)condition, state与situation
重难点精讲返回目录(8)journey, tour与trip
(9)road, street与way
(10)chance与opportunity
(11)room, place与house
(12)cloth, clothing与clothes
(13)views, scene与sight
(14)race, match, contest与 competition
(15)trouble与matter
(16)mistake, fault与error
(17)force, energy与power
返回目录重难点精讲【现学现用】
1.(’13衡阳21题) ---Jenny,what’s your favorite ____?
---I like bananas best.
A.vegetables B.fruit C.drink
2.(’11衡阳21题)---Jack, will your family move to Shanghai?
---Yes. That’s a very big ____ my parents made.
A.decide B.decision C.education
3. —Where did you go yesterday, Rick?
—I went to see a ____because I had a cold.
A. teacher B. doctor C. artist
BBB
返回目录重难点精讲4. Look! A____ is singing in the tree.
A. pig B. bird C. cow
5. Recently people care more about the safety of ____.Everyone wants to eat healthily.
A. food B. clothes C. noodles
6. —What ____do you have for Paul?
—I think he should study harder than before.
A. news B. advice C. help
7. Read the ____carefully. They will help you know how to use the phone.
A. instructions B. decisions C. results
BABA
8. —Could you please pass me
something to eat?
—What about some ____?
A. water B. orange C. fish
9. Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every
day and she is always full of ____.
A. knowledge B. energy C. change
返回目录重难点精讲CB 返回目录重难点精讲 10. —Where’s Jack?
—He’s left a ____saying that he will be back in a minute.
A. message B. news C. information
11. —Can you get a piano for me, dear?
—But there isn’t enough ____ for it in our house.
A. place B. floor C. room
12. He was born in Italy, but he has made China his ____.
A. family B. house C. homeACC
重难点精讲考点二 名词单复数
1. 可数名词变化规则(2011年18题)
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名词单数变复数口诀
1. 复习以-f或fe结尾的名词变复数:
leaf half self wife knife shelf wolf thief
树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,
架后窜出一只狼,就像强盗逃命忙。
2. 关于以o结尾的单词变复数加es的情况:
Negro hero potato tomato
黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。
返回目录重难点精讲2. 常见不可数名词
(1)不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,它们不能
直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用,也没有复数
形式。常考的不可数名词有:music, fun, news,
information, advice, weather, homework, work,
air, time, money, paper, traffic, practice, wool,
education等。
(2)不可数名词可以借助量词来表示一定的数量。如:
a piece of news(一条新闻);two bottles of
water(两瓶水);four pieces of advice(四条建
议);six pieces of paper(六张纸)……
返回目录重难点精讲3. 名词作定语时的单复数
(1)名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外:
用复数作定语。
sports meeting运动会; students reading-room
学生阅览室; talks table谈判桌
(2)man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复
数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
men workers男工人; women teachers女教师;
gentlemen officials男性官员
返回目录重难点精讲(3)“数词+名词”作定语时,这个名词一般保持单数
形式。
a ten-mile walk步行十里的路程; a five-year plan
一个五年计划
【现学现用】
13.(’11衡阳18题)There are two ____and three ____on the table.
A.apple;banana B.apples;banana
C.apples;bananas
14. There are many ____ playing on the
playground.
A.child B.children C.childs 返回目录重难点精讲CB 重难点精讲返回目录
15. Could you please get me some ____? I’m hungry.
A.apple B.water C. bread
16. —Could you give me____? I need to write down your address.
—Of course.
A. some pieces of papers
B. some pieces of paper
C. some piece of papers
CB17. Mom, there is little food in the fridge. Let’s
buy some ____ and ____.
A. chicken; potato B. chicken; potatoes
C. chickens; potato
18. In our school all the____ teachers enjoyed
themselves on March 8th because it was their
own holiday.
A.women B.men C. woman
返回目录重难点精讲BA考点三 名词所有格
名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示
形式:一种是’s所有格,另一种是of所有格。如:
Beijing is China’s capital./Beijing is the capital
of China. 北京是中国的首都。
1. 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系,
这时只在最后一个名词后加’s。如:
These are Tom’s and May’s bags. 这些是汤姆和
玛丽的包。
返回目录重难点精讲 返回目录重难点精讲3. 以s结尾的名词,在s后加“‘”;不以s结尾的词在词尾加’s。如:
Teachers’ Day 教师节;Children’s Day 儿童节
4. of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如:
the door of the room房间的门
5. 双重所有格有两种形式:①of+名词所有格;②of+名词性物主代词。如:
He is a friend of my brother’s. 他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
Is she a daughter of yours?
她是你的一个女儿吗? 返回目录重难点精讲
【现学现用】
19. —Will you give some presents to our teachers on____?
—Of course. I want to buy some postcards for our teachers.
A. Teachers Day B. Teachers’ Day
C. Teacher’s Day
B
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20. ____ school is quite near the bus station.
A. Ted and Tom’s B. Ted’s and Tom’s
C. Ted and Tom
21. —Excuse me, how can I get to the station?
—Go down this road. It’s about ____ walk.
A. five minute’s B. five minutes’
C. five minutes重难点精讲AB【易错点】可数与不可数名词单复数
—Would you like some____?
—Oh, yes, just a little.
A.milk B.apple C.pears
【点拨】A考查可数与不可数名词辨析。根据答语中
的a little只能修饰不可数名词可知,问句是对不可
数名词提问。B项是可数名词的单数形式,C项是可
数名词的复数形式,均排除。只有A项是不可数名词。
故选A。重难点精讲返回目录