课件26张PPT。
重难点精讲专题八 动词及动词短语
知识框架图
考点一 动词的辨析
考点二 动词短语辨析(2011年30题)
动词的种类实义动词系动词助动词情态动词及物动词不及物动词+宾语+双宾语+复合宾语be, seem, sound, turn, become等+表语be(is, am, are, was, were)have(has,had)do(does, did)will, shall, would, shouldmay, can, must, might, could+doing+done+done +been doing知识框架图返回目录重难点精讲考点一 动词的辨析
近5年衡阳单项选择中对动词及动词短语辨析的考
查较少,但对于动词及动词短语的掌握不容忽视。衡
阳对于动词及动词短语的考查比例很大,而且是在阅
读技能和写作技能中进行综合考查。这就要求学生不
仅要掌握动词及动词短语的意思,还要牢固掌握其具
体用法和区别,并能学以致用。此处对动词类别进行
讲解,要求学生牢固掌握。通常情况下,动词分为三
类:系动词、助动词、实义动词。返回目录重难点精讲1. 系动词
系动词有一定意义,要与其后作表语的形容词、名
词或介词(短语)一起构成合成谓语。按意义分为
以下三类:
◆表示状态变化的系动词,如:become, get, go,
grow, turn 等,都意为“变得,变成”。其后常跟形
容词作表语。如:
The number of giant pandas is getting smaller
and smaller because their living areas are
becoming farmlands. 大熊猫的数量越来越少,因
为它们的生存空间正逐渐变成农田。◆表示感官的系动词,如:look (看起来),feel (摸
起来,感觉),smell (闻起来),sound (听起来),
taste (尝起来)等。其后常跟形容词作表语。如:
The food in that restaurant looks delicious, but
it tastes bad. 那家餐馆的食物看起来不错,但尝起
来很难吃。
◆表示持续的系动词,如:be(am/is/are), keep,
stay, remain等,意为“保持”。如:
The window remained open all the night.
这扇窗户整夜开着。
返回目录重难点精讲返回目录重难点精讲 be动词顺口溜:
元帅大名叫作be,三位大将来护卫,
am is 还有are, 若有谁敢来侵犯,
三位大将冲上来,I来了am上,is对付他he 她 she它it,
are 的本领可真大,所有复数we you they都怕它。
2. 助动词
助动词本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等特征,帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。主要的助动词有be, do, have, shall, will等。
返回目录重难点精讲注意:will, would, shall, should除了表示单纯的
将来时间以外,更多的是用作情态动词。
3. 实义动词
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可
分为及物动词和不及物动词。
◆及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意
思完整。
(1)动词+宾语。如:
I have a computer. 我有一台电脑。返回目录重难点精讲(2)动词+宾语+宾补。如:
We call him Bill. 我们叫他比尔。
We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保
持教室干净。
注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词做宾补的动
有:make, have, see, watch, notice, hear等。
(3)动词+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物)。
如:
Please pass me the book. 请把那本书递给我。
返回目录重难点精讲返回目录重难点精讲常见的带双宾语的动词有:give, bring, buy, get, cook, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return等。
◆不及物动词
1. 不及物动词本身意义完整,其后不必跟宾语。如come, go, run, travel, listen, swim, work等。如:
He works hard. 他工作很努力。
2. 如果需要带宾语,则不及物动词需要跟适当的介词连用,多构成动词短语,参见后面讲解。如:
The baby is smiling at us. 小孩正对着我们笑呢。
对于动词辨析的备考,考生首先要掌握3个选项的汉语意思;其次要理解句意。在理解句意的基础上选出最佳答案。返回目录重难点精讲【现学现用】
1. It will ____ much time if we drive instead of walking.
A.take B. spend C. save
2. —What is Mom cooking in the kitchen?
—Fish, I guess. How nice it ____!
A.looks B.tastes C. smells
3. To protect the environment, supermarkets don’t ____ free plastic bags for shoppers.
A.take B. sell C. provideCCC返回目录重难点精讲
4. The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you ____ a life without it?
A. understand B. imagine C. consider
5. David ____his friend’s invitation to the picnic in order to stay at home and have a good rest.
A.expected B. refused C. receivedBB返回目录重难点精讲考点二 动词短语辨析(2011年30题)
动词短语在阅读和作文中的重要性是不言而喻的,学生平时要特别注重积累。此处对常见的动词短语进行总结列举以方便学生记忆。
keep短语
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep sth. in mind 记住(某事物)
keep back 忍住,扣下,隐瞒
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep(on) doing sth. 继续做某事
keep off 远离,避开,让开 keep up 保持,继续 come短语
come in进来;come into进入;come out
出来,出版;come from来自;come across偶然
遇到;come over过来;come true实现;
come up with找到,解决,想到
give 短语
give up 放弃;give in 投降;give away 分发;
give out 散发,分发;
give back还给, 归还;恢复(健康等);
give birth to 生,产生
返回目录重难点精讲返回目录重难点精讲 get短语
get through到达,做完,通过,度过,打通(电话);get in进入,陷入;get on上车,进展,融洽相处;get off下车,下来;get along进展,融洽相处;get away离开,脱身
look短语
look at 看;look up查找;look after照顾;
look for寻找;look out当心;
look through浏览,检查; look like看起来像
make短语
make an appointment约定;make a suggestion建议;make a decision作决定;make a living谋生
返回目录重难点精讲 put 短语
put up悬挂,张贴; put away收起来,放好;
put off推迟; put on穿上;
put down放下,记下; put out熄灭
take 短语
take up占据; take down记下,取下;
take off 起飞,脱下(衣服);take away拿走
turn短语
turn on打开; turn down关小;
turn up调大; turn off关掉;
turn into(使)变成;turn out生产,结果是;
turn to求助于,转向返回目录重难点精讲
away短语
throw away 扔掉;put away 把……收拾好;
give away 捐赠; go away走开
for短语
answer for负责;provide for供养;
call for提倡,要求;plan for打算,为……计划;hope for希望,期待;ask for请求,寻找,需要;send for派人去请;go for努力获取;
pay for偿还,赔偿;wait for等待;
look for寻找 返回目录重难点精讲 off短语
take off脱掉;(飞机)起飞;run off流失;偷走;switch off关掉; go off走开;熄灭;
call off取消; set off出发; cut off切断;
turn off关掉; fall off跌落
on短语
try on试穿,试验;put on穿上,上演;
have on穿着,戴着;hold on 挂断,停止;
carry on继续开展,坚持;keep on继续;
go on继续;get on上(车、船);come on赶快返回目录重难点精讲 out短语
work out算出,产生……结果;
look out当心,小心; turn out结果,证明是;
put out扑灭,生产; come out出来,出版,发行;
break out(战争、火灾)爆发;
set out着手,出发,起程; cut out切掉;
keep out把……挡在外面; go out出去,熄灭;
wear out磨光,用旧,穿破,使贫乏 run out用完;
give out放出,发出(气体、气味、光、热等);耗尽,用完;筋疲力尽;发表,公布 返回目录重难点精讲 over短语
come over过来;hand over移交;
go over仔细检查,复习;get over克服,恢复;look over检查;think over仔细考虑;
take over接收,接管;turn over翻转
up短语
bring up抚育,培养;call up召唤,打电话给;come up走进,上来;cut up切碎;fix up 修理;give up放弃;go up上升,增长;grow up长大;look up尊敬,向上看,查寻;
make up虚构,弥补,组成; 返回目录重难点精讲put up举起,搭建;
pick up捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到;
set up建立,创(纪录);send up发射;
show up揭露,露面;
turn up出现,把音量调高一点儿;
take up占据,开始从事
with短语
catch up with赶上;keep up with不落在……后面;agree with同意;begin with以……开始;
deal with处理,对付; come up with提出,想出【现学现用】
6.Now people can____with their friends far
away by e-mail, cellphone or letter.
keep on B.keep in touch C.catch up
7. You don’t have to worry about me. I’m old
enough to ____myself.
A. look after B. look for C. look at重难点精讲返回目录8. The woman____all of her money to charities
to help the poor.
A. gave off B. gave up C. gave away
BAC
9. The famous writer introduced us his new
book that will ____ next month.
A. give out B. come out C. put out
10. —How can we make people know the latest
movie The City of Life and Death?
—We can____some posters.
A. put off B. put up C. put on
11. —How can I ____well with my lessons, Dad?
—Practice makes perfect.
A. work on B. hold on C. get on重难点精讲返回目录BBC12. —Hey, Tony. You look so tired today.
—I ____ until 12 o’clock last night for the math
test.
A. woke up B. stayed up C. got up
【易混点1】 近义动词辨析
—This dress looks beautiful on you. How much
is it?
—It ____ me more than a thousand yuan.
A.spent B.cost C. took
【点拨】B 考查动词词义的辨析。句意“这条裙子
你穿着很漂亮,多少钱?”“它花了我1000多元。”
重难点精讲返回目录B物作主语,花费金钱用cost, 即:sth. cost sb.
some money“某物花费某人多少钱”,故选B。
【易混点2】 动词短语辨析
Don’t ____ too late, or you will feel tired
tomorrow.
A. think up B. stay up C. wake up
【点拨】B 考查动词短语辨析。think up想出;
stay up熬夜;wake up醒来。句意为:别太晚,否
则明天你会感到很累。故选B。返回目录