2023届高三英语二轮复习被动语态课件（22张ppt)

(共22张PPT)
1. Every year over 29,000 antelopes ________ (kill) in Tibet.
2. In the past, the elephants __________ (kill) by farmers.
3. In the past twenty years, a large number of bamboo areas ______________ (set up) to help pandas grow.
are killed
were killed
have been set up
一般现在时被动语态
一般过去时被动语态
现在完成时被动语态
4. At present a new home ____________ (build) for pandas.
is being built
现在进行时被动语态
exercise
5. WWF hopes that more and more wild animals ______________ (protect) in the future.
将来时被动语态
will be protected
6. Lily just told me Jack ____________ (fire) since last month.
had been fired
7. My homework ___________________ when you arrive tomorrow.
will have been finished
过去完成时被动语态
将来完成时被动语态
1
被动语态的用法
特别注意！
(1)有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。
常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
have有　cost花费　lack缺少 suit适合 hold抓住 fit适合 wish希望
belong to suffer from take part in date back to， consist of, add up to, come to, agree with, happen to
I don't have that much money with me.
我身上没带那么多钱。
Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.
狮子和老虎属于猫科动物。
被动语态的用法
特别注意！
(2)不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
happen/take place/occur发生　remain剩下 传播（spread）
break out爆发　come out出版 come up被提出 run out用完
1.Three questions came up at the meeting.
在这次会议上(我们)提出了三个问题。
2.His money is running out.
他的钱快用完了。
3.Great changes have taken place these years in my hometown.
4.Word spread fast that the area was to be demolished.
5.Fierce war broke out in the already poor country.
被动语态的用法
2. 主动形式表被动意义
(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, catch, draw, cut, peel，wear等，常与well, badly, easily, smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The shirt doesn't wash well.
这件衬衫不好洗。
The book sells well.
这本书卖得很好。
(2)系动词smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表被动意义。
Her voice sounds beautiful.
她的嗓音听起来很美妙。
(3)open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常与won't, can't, wouldn't, hardly, scarcely等连用，以及表示“开始”“结束”的动词，如begin, start, finish, end等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This drawer won't lock.
这个抽屉锁不上。
The shop closes at 6 p．m. every day.
这个商店每天下午6点关门。
分考点讲解2：被动语态的用法
主动形式表被动意义
(4)有些非谓语动词以主动形式出现，表示被动意义。常见的此类非谓语动词有：
①(be) to blame, (be) to seek, (be) to let(出租)等。
It is not he but you who are to blame.
该承担责任的是你而不是他。
②need, want, require, deserve, be worth等后接v. ing。
The library wants repairing.
图书馆需要被修缮。
③(be＋)easy/difficult/hard/heavy/light/dangerous/pleasant/comfortable/interesting/fit/expensive…＋to do。
The question is easy to answer.
这个问题容易(被)回答。
分考点讲解2：被动语态的用法
2. 主动形式表被动意义
(5)有些动词，如cook, bake, print, do等，常用主动结构的进行时表示被动意义。
The book is printing.
这本书正在(被)印刷。
(6)某些介词短语，如under discussion, under consideration, on display, on sale, in dispute等，也可用主动结构表示被动意义。
A wide range of postcards and other souvenirs are on sale in the visitors' center.游客中心出售各种明信片以及其他纪念品。
It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用以上句型：
It is said that…据说……
It is reported that…据报道……
It is believed that…大家相信……
It is hoped that…大家希望……
It is well-known that…众所周知……
It is thought that…大家认为……
It is suggested that…据建议……
被动语态与系表结构的区别
当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
1. 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。
The glass is broken． （系表结构）
The glass was broken by the boy． （被动语态）
2. 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
The door is locked． （系表结构）
The door has already/just been locked．（被动语态）
【另外】不是所有被动的词组都表被动。
be injured, be determined, be prepared, be graduated, be occupied, get married, be drunk, be concerned with/ about（关心），be dressed in（穿着）. be hidden（躲藏起来），be located（位于），be lost in（陷入，迷路），be seated（就座）等等表示主动的含义。
【即学即练】
1.He_______________(graduate) from a famous university.
他从名牌大学毕业了。
2.他完全被日常工作占据了他的时间。
________________________________________
( was/is )graduated
He is fully occupied by everyday work.
经典例题讲解
1．His private museum together with his art collections________ to the country as a gift.
A．has offered B．have offered C．is offered D．are offered
【答案】C
【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：他的私人博物馆和他的艺术收藏品作为礼物赠送给了这个国家。together with连接两个并列的主语时，遵循就远原则，谓语动词的形式和较远的主语保持一致，本句和private museum保持一致，且主语和offer之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故选C。
2.A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund _________ to raise money.
A．establishes B．established C．be established D．will establish
【答案】C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：学院的一位教授建议设立一个基金来筹集资金。动词proposed作为“建议”之意，后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用should +动词原形，should可以省略。 a fund与establish之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。
3.It’s believed that tea ______ to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
A．brought B．is brought C．has been brought D．was brought
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据说茶是在6世纪和7世纪被带到韩国和日本的。根据句中时间状语during the 6th and 7th centuries可知，用一般过去时。tea 与bring之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选D
4.Scientists fear that these medicines________ market before their effects are fully understood.
A．are rushing to B．are being rushed to
C．have rushed to D．have been rushing to
【答案】B
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：科学家们担心，这些药物会在药效尚未完全了解之前就匆忙上市。A.are rushing to急于；B.are being rushed to急于；C.have rushed to急于；Dhave been rushing to急于。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语 these medicines之间是被动关系；表示现在正在进行的事，应用现在进行时，故设空处为现在进行时的被动语态；主语为these medicines，结合主谓一致。故填B。
5.Great as Newton was, lots of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of current scientists.
A．are to be challenged B．are challenged
C．may be challenged D．have been challenging
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管牛顿很伟大，但他的许多想法在今天受到了挑战，并且正在被当代科学家的所改进。分析可知his ideas与 challenge之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；and连接前后两个并列成分，时态应保持一致，都应用现在时；由主语 his ideas可知谓语用复数；故选B项。
6.The kind of glasses produced by experienced craftsmen ______ comfortably.
A．is worn B．wears C．wearing D．are worn
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这种由有经验的工匠制作的眼镜戴起来很舒服。 分析句子可知，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，句中的主语是this kind，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数．其中wear的用法比较特殊，在本句中表示主语的特征和属性，此时没有被动态。故选B。
用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．Up to now, a number of tests ________ (conduct) to make sure that it has no side effects. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】have been conducted
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，已经进行了许多试验以确保它没有副作用。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文Up to now可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为 a number of tests ，助动词用have。故填have been conducted。
2.The girl______________(attract) by the beauty of nature, so she decided to spend another two days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was attracted
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这个女孩被大自然的美丽所吸引，所以她决定再待两天。分析句子可知，句子陈述的是过去的事且“女孩”与“吸引”之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态， 且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was attracted。
3.—Are we about to have dinner —Almost, mother said it ________ (serve) in the dining room. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】is being served
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：——我们要吃晚饭了吗？——差不多了，妈妈说餐厅里正在上菜。根据句意可知，句子陈述正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时；it指代饭菜，与serve是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填is being served。
4.They made up their mind that a new house______(buy) once Larry changed jobs.
【答案】would be bought
【详解】考查过去将来时的被动语态。句意：他们决定，一旦拉里换了工作就要买一栋新房子。根据语境可知，本空格要用过去将来时。从句的主语a new house与谓语动词buy二者是被动关系，故要用过去将来时的被动语态，故填would be bought。
5.More roads ___________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
【答案】will be built
【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：四川省很快将修建更多的公路，以促进当地经济发展。根据时间状语soon， 要用一般将来时，主语more roads与谓语动词build二者是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be built。
作业:单句语法填空
1. An exhibition of paintings ___________(hold)at the museum next week．
2. Since last year, some new gyms___________ (complete)in Beijing.
3.Many students in that school ___________ (send)to USA to study medicine last year.
4. The football match___________ (hold) in our school next week.
5.English ___________(study) by us every day.
6.These cakes ___________(make) by my mother last night.
will be held
have been completed
were sent
will be held
is studied
were made