(共37张PPT)
Unit 3 Traditional skills
Period 3 Grammar
牛津深圳·广州版 八年级下
Learning objectives
1.掌握动词被动语态的用法和基本结构。
2.掌握主动语态转化成被动语态的方法。
3.能够理解并掌握被动语态和主动语态的区别。
4.掌握被动语态一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的的构成和用法。
1.Damin _____(use) cormorants to catch fish.
Review
Review the story on page 35 and fill in the correct verb form according to the picture.
uses
2.Damin _____ (tie) a piece of grass around the cormorants' necks.
ties
Review
Review the story of Page 35 and fill in the blanks according to the pictures.
3.When he_______ (reach) the right place in the river, he pushes the cormorants into the river.
reaches
4.The cormorants _______ (bring) the fish back to the boat.
bring
Review
Review the story of Page 35 and fill in the blanks according to the pictures.
5.He _____ (use) several ways to attract fish.
6.During the day, he______ (jump) up and down
on the boat.
7.After dark, he _______ (hang) a light on the post
at the front of the boat.
uses
jumps
hangs
Lead in
Do you know what the passive voice is What does it mean What is its usage
1. Damin uses cormorants to catch fish.
2. Damin ties a piece of grass around my neck.
3. Damin pushes cormorants into the river.
4. The cormorants bring the fish back to the boat.
Warming
请观察下列的句子,说出句子的主语和谓语动词的关系。
以上句子中，主语是动作的执行者，这是主动语态(Active voice)。
主语
谓语动词
The passive voice 被动语态
Active sentences tell us who or what does something.
Passive sentences often do not tell us who or what does something.
主动句告诉我们谁或什么做某事。
被动句通常不会告诉我们谁或什么做了什么。
Grammar
1.The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin.
2.No nets are required for this type of fishing.
3.Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China. ...
请观察下列的句子,说出句子的主语和谓语动词的关系。
以上句子中，主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象，这叫被动语态(The Passive Voice)。
Warming
主语
谓语动词
谓语动词
(一)英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
1.主动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak Chinese. 许多人说汉语。
谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
2.被动语态
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。汉语往往用"被",
"受","给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。
Chinese is spoken by many people. 汉语被许多人说。
主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
一、主动语态和被动语态
Grammar
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
2.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Grammar
三、被动语态的结构
一般现在时:am / is / are(not) +及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)
例如:You are wanted on the phone.
有你的电话。
例如:This kind of computer is made in that company.
这种电脑是这家公司制造的。
例如:He is believed by us.
我们相信他。
Grammar
am
is
are
Rules
( )1.Sometimes a cormorant sits on Damin’s head.
( )2.Damin sets off on his boat with his birds.
( )3.After a few minutes, the nets were pulled up to get the fish.
( )4. His net was hung at the front of his boat by him.
( )5.Damin uses several ways to attract fish.
A
P
A
判断下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态，请在主动语态(the active form)的句子前填A，被动语态(the passive form)的句子前填 P。
Practice
P
A
A Mary read another article about Damin and his birds in the newspaper.
Complete article with the verbs from the box in the present passive form.
Practice
bring up check control give look after take
bring up 抚养;养育;培养
Once a year, a new cormorant (1)______________by Damin.
is brought up
Practice
First, the cormorant eggs (2)____________Then the best one (3) ________, and given to a chicken. After 26 days, the baby cormorant breaks out of the egg. Then it (4) _____________by Damin himself. For ten days, it (5)_________food
every hour. The temperature (6)____________to keep the baby cormorant warm. The baby cormorant grows stronger.
After two months, it can join the other cormorants on the boat.
are checked
is taken
is looked after
is given
is controlled
观察下列句子，总结主动语态变被动语态的方法
例如: All the people laughed at him.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
主语
宾语
谓语动词
He was laughed at by all people.
宾语
主语
谓语动词
be+过去分词
介词
Grammar
记忆歌诀是：宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
Grammar
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋及物动词的过去分词)
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
例如：He cut down a tree. 他砍倒了一棵树。
→ A tree was cut down by him.
注意：根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
1.被动语态一般过去时的定义
表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作,无需说明动作，执行者时可省去“by + 动作执行者”。
2.被动语态一般过去时的结构
1.被动语态一般过去时：was / were (not) +及物动词的过去分词(+by + 动作执行者)
A new shop was built last year.去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。
五、被动语态一般过去时
Grammar
We use ______or _____+ past participle to form the passive voice in the simple past tense.
We form the passive voice in the simple past tense like this :
I was (not)
You/We/They were (not) seen.
He/She/It was (not)
The passive voice in the simple past tense
was
were
Work out the rule
Rules
1.The house_________(build) in 1978.
2. All the students___________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.
3. The car___________(clean) by Dad yesterday.
4. I_________(tell) to wait for him right here.
5. When____the present ______(give) to him by his mother
given
was built
were asked
was cleaned
was told
was
Complete the following sentences in the passive past tense.
Practice
The film company wanted to make a programme about cormorant fishing, so we came from the UK to China. Many cormorant fishermen_______________. In the end, Damin____________because he is the best fishermen in his village. Then the cameras and lights __________ to Damin’s village. Damin __________ by the cameraman. A boat _________ to film on the river.
were interviewed
was chosen
were taken
was filmed
was used
choose film interview take use
B. Mary watch a TV programme about Damin. It was made by a film company from the UK. This is how they filmed the plete the passage with the verbs from the box in the past passive form.
Practice
1.定义
一般将来时的被动语态指的是在将来会发生的动作或某种状态，并且表现出被动时态。
2.结构
(1)肯定式为：shall/will+be+done。(shall用于第一人称;will用于第二,三人称)
例句：We shall be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。
The new film will be shown next Thursday. 这部新电影将在下周四上映。
六、一般将来时的被动语态
Grammar
(2)一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：shall/will+not+be+done.(可缩写成shan't 或won't)
The meeting won't be held tomorrow. 明天不再举行会议。
一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将shall/will提到主语的前面。(回答用yes或no)
——Will the work be finished at once 这项工作会立刻被完成吗？
——Yes, it will？是的，立刻就完成。
(3)一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词+shall/will+sth.+be + done。
When will these books be published 这些书将在什么时候被出版？
Grammar
The passive voice in the simple future tense
We form the passive voice in the simple future tense like this :
We use ________+past participle to form the passive voice in the simple future tense.
will be
Work out the rule
Rules
思考：被动语态的一般疑问句的结构
Be 动词+主语+过去分词+ ？
Thank you for your help, Damin. You did a wonderful job. Now the film ___________ back to the UK. We’ll do some more work on it. Some music ___________ to it . It ___________ into a television programme. Then our programme ___________ in many countries around the world.
It _____________ by millions of people!
add make show take watch
will be taken
will be added
will be made
will be shown
will be watched
C. After the filming, the British director talked to Damin. Complete his words with the verbs from the box in the future passive form.
around the world 全世界,世界各地
Practice
millions of 数百万的
Practice
把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态的句子。
1. Do you sweep the floor every day
__________________________________________________
2. Did people in the old days grow tea
__________________________________________________
3. We have learned Lesson 60.
__________________________________________________
4. We can’t see many of the stars.
__________________________________________________
5. China has sent up man-made satellites into space.
__________________________________________________
Is the floor swept（by you）every day
Was tea grown by people in the old days
Lesson 60 has been learned by us.
Many of the stars can’t be seen by us.
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by China.
Summary
Key phrases
1. bring up 抚养;养育;培养
2. around the world 全世界,世界各地
3. millions of 数百万的
英语动词
两种语态
Summary
被动语态(the Passive Voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
主动语态的结构是:be动词+及物动词的过去分词。
例如:Some pens were bought for his children by him.
主动语态 (the Active Voice)表示主语是动作的执行者。
主动语态的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语。
例如:He bought his children some pens.
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋及物动词的过去分词)
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
(4)be 动词要随着人称、时态的变化而变化。
Summary
主动语态变成被动语态的方法
被动语态
三种结构
一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are + past participle
一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will be + past participle
主语+ be going to be + past participle
一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was / were + past participle
Summary
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The picture ______________ (show) to everyone tomorrow.
2. The thief ___________ (catch) by the police last night.
3. The Olympic Games _________ (hold) in Beijing in 2008.
4. If I _________ (give) one more hour tomorrow, I will finish the work on time.
5. Mary _________ (see) to watch TV when we passed by.
will be shown
was caught
was held
am given
was seen
Exercise
1.——Excuse me. What’s this for
—— It is a cleaner and ___________ to pick up dirt.
A. uses B.is using C.is used D. used
2.——I’ve got the final Harry potter book.
——You will love. I__________ it twice already.
A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. will
3.Many houses ______ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.
A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged
4.为了进一步美化校园，下个月会在学校种很多数。
Next month many trees _______ _______ _______ in our school to make it more beautiful.
5. (2011) 学生们每周都清洁教室的窗户。
The classroom windows ________ ________ by students every week.
C
B
B
will be planted
are cleaned
Exercise
复习Grammar语法内容。
完成课后练习。
3. 预习Writing and speaking内容。
Homework
Homework
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