2023年中考英语一轮复习专项练习：专题一 考点01 名词（A卷）（含解析）

专题一 考点01 名词（A卷）
一、单选题
1.—We should stick to the dream.
—Yes. A life without a dream is like a bird without _______, which can’t fly.
A.water B.wings C.food D.clouds
2.We all need a healthy environment, but we produce ______ every day and it is harmful to our environment. A. dreams B. trouble C. problems D. waste
3.—Do you know the girl _________ is giving the speech
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
4.Upstairs are ______ bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But _______ are in a mess.
A. Lily's and Lucy's; our B. Lily's and Lucy's; ours
C. Lily's and Lucy; ours D. Lily and Lucy's; our
5.Kate is so shy that she doesn't have ______ to sing in public.
A. power B. courage C. energy D.time
6.—What do you think of The Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议)
—Great! It will help China improve the _______ with those related countries.
A. relationship B. agreement C. environment D. information
7.—Have you paid the _______
—Yes. It's ten more dollars this month.
A. bill B. price C. value D. menu
8.—We have entered a world where robot operations become true with 5G technology.
—Hard to believe! Scientists are full of _____ which leads to great changes in our life.
A. attraction B. invention C. position D. contribution
9.—The teenagers clean up the city park every Sunday.
—Sometimes small things can make a ________.
A. promise B. conversation C. difference D. discussion
10.Don't eat _____ food. It's _____ bad for your health.
A.too many; much too B.too much; too much
C.too much; much too D.much too; too much
二、填空题
1. _______ (child) like eating chocolate but it's unhealthy.
2. We see a lot of yellow _______ (leaf) on the ground.
3. Apples come in a great many _____ (variety).
4. My brother wants to be a soldier, so he will join the a________.
5. —What's your secret of __________ (succeed)
—Working hard.
6. Lao She was a great ______(write) and he’s especially famous for his play, Teahouse.
7. Many Chinese people usually visit their r_____ and friends during the Spring Festival.
8. After a car accident, Mrs. Zhang received _____(treat) in hospital.
9. Dickinson's poems are very popular with _____(read) even today.
10. On ______(一月) 23rd, Wuhan was locked down(封城) .
三、阅读理解
To help Japanese companies better deal with the increasing number of foreigners visiting the country, Panasonic has created a megaphone(扩音器)which is able to smartly translate Japanese into English, Chinese and Korean.

Panasonic named the product "Megahonyaku". It is a term for the Japanese words for "megaphone" and "translate", which actually makes a lot of sense because it's a megaphone that can translate Japanese into several other languages in real time. When a user speaks Japanese into the megaphone, it recognizes(辨认) and translates what is being said immediately, and outputs the words in English, Chinese or Korean.
It sounds amazing, and seeing it in action is wonderful, but Megahonyaku is not good enough. It cannot translate everything you say, as it only stores 300 common expressions, like "The train has been put off" or "Watch your step", However,the Japanese company behind Megahonyaku promises to add new expressions regularly, which users can get on the Internet.
The machine was designed to be used in places like transport stations, airports and places of interest, where quick and exact announcements are needed most. Around 30 Japanese organizations, including the police and guides, have been trying out Megahonyaku for about one year, but Panasonic says it will come onto the market on December 20th. Instead of selling these speech translators, Panasonic plans on renting(出租)them out for less than $183 a month on a three-year agreement, and offering users future improvements and necessary services.
Panasonic has also said that it may add support for other languages, like Russian, depending on customers' needs. Megahonyaku also includes a touch screen that allows users to choose the language they need their speech translated into.
(1).Panasonic has produced Megahonyaku so that _______.
A.guides can translate Chinese into Japanese faster
B.Japanese companies can receive foreigners better
C.foreigners can talk with the Japanese freely
D.the Japanese can learn other languages easily
(2).The third paragraph is mainly about the ________ of Megahonyaku.
A. invention B. importance C. disadvantage D. history
(3).It can be learnt from Paragraph 4 that Megahonyaku _______.
A.may be popular with the police B. is widely used in private homes
C.will be sold on December 20th D. stores about 30 foreign languages
(4).According to the passage, Panasonic will _______ in the future.
A. sell Megahonyaku to foreign visitors B. bring down the price of Megahonyaku
C. change the screen of Megahonyaku D. improve Megahonyaku regularly
四、完形填空
According to several recent surveys, some people fear public speaking more than anything else. 1 , this fear can be overcome(克服) with two simple methods: practice and using positive(正面的) energy from the audience. Practicing for a speech is essential. 2 the task of writing the speech is complete, speakers must practice, practice, practice. The more times they practice the speech, the more 3 they are discussing the topic. Using 4 such as mirrors or video recordings as they practice can show speakers what they look and sound like to the audience. Video is particularly helpful as it can be 5 many times, with the presenters focusing(集中) on one part at a time. Another 6 of dealing with public speaking fears is using the audience's positive energy. Speakers need to remember that the audience wants them to 7 . Something as basic as a small nod or a smile from a member of the audience should give 8 to the presenters behind the podium. While it is easy for nervous speakers to focus only on getting through the presentation, using the audience's 9 will(意愿) helps much in making a speech better.
All in all, these two strategies are sure to help with fear of public speaking. With proper practice and audience empathy(共鸣), it is 10 to overcome the fear of public speaking and deliver a successful speech. So there is no need to fear public speaking any more.
1. A. Luckily B. Suddenly C. Sadly D. Terribly
2. A. Unless B. After C. Until D. Before
3. A. nervous B. scared C. comfortable D. difficult
4. A. objects B. activities C. signs D. instructions
5. A. found B. sold C. cleared D. watched
6. A. cause B. problem C. way D. purpose
7. A. surprise B. scream C. suppose D. succeed
8. A. confidence B. challenge C. humour D. service
9. A. poor B. good C. weak D. free
10. A. necessary B. important C. interesting D. possible
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：B
2.答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都需要一个健康的环境，但是我们每天产生废弃物，它对我们的环境有害。 dream梦想； trouble麻烦； problem问题； waste废弃物。根据"它对我们的环境有害"可知选D。
3.答案：B
解析：考查定语从句。句意：—你认识那个正在发表演讲的女孩吗 —当然了。她是我最好的朋友，梅梅。先行词 the girl是人，定语从句中缺少主语，要用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选B。
4.答案：B
解析：由 bedrooms可知，房间是Lily和Lucy各自的房间，第一个空应用Lily's and Lucy's；第二个空后没有名词，应用名词性物主代词ours。故选B。
5.答案：B
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：凯特非常害羞，她没有_____在公众面前唱歌。 power能力； courage勇气； energy能量；time时间。由语境可知选B。
6.答案：A
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：—你认为一带一路倡议怎么样？—非常好！它将帮助中国改善与那些相关国家的关系。 relationship关系； agreement协议； environment环境； information信息。由句意可知选A。
7.答案：A
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：—你付过账了吗？—付过了，这个月（账单上）多了10美元。bill账单； price价格； value价值；menu菜单。由问句中paid可知选A。pay的主语只能是人，宾语常是人、钱或账单。
8.答案：B
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：一我们已经进入了一个使用5G技术实现机器人操作的世界。—难以置信！科学家们充满了创造力，这些发明给我们的生活带来了巨大的变化。 attraction引力，吸引人的事物； invention发明； position位置，职位； contribution贡献，捐献。根据上句中"机器人操作通过5G技术实现"可知，这些都是科学家的发明。故选B。
9.答案：C
10.答案：C
二、填空题
1.答案：Children
2.答案：leaves
3.答案：varieties
解析：句意:苹果的种类繁多。variety表示“种类,品种”时为可数名词,由空前的a great many可知,此处应用其复数形式。
4.答案：army
5.答案：success
6.答案：writer
7.答案：relatives
8.答案：treatment
9.答案：readers
10.答案：January
三、阅读理解
答案：(1)-(4)BCAD
解析：(1). 细节理解题。题干意为:松下已经生产Megahonaku以便于_______。由文中第一段“To help Japanese companies better deal with the increasing number of foreigners...smartly translate Japanese into English, Chinese and Korean”可知松下公司生产扩音器的目的是帮助日本公司更好地应对外国游客数量的上升。故选B。
(2). 段落大意题。题干意为: 第三段主要是关于Megahonyaku的_______。由文中第三段第一句“It sounds amazing, and seeing it in action is wonderful, but Megahonyaku is not good enough,”可知本段落主要是关于 Megahonyaku的缺点。故选C。
(3). 细节理解题。题干意为: 从第四段可以了解到Megahonyaku______。根据文中第四段第二句“Around 30 Japanese organizations, including the police and guides, have been trying out Megahonyaku for abo out one year...”可知扩音器已在警局使用了一年, 由此推测出它可能受警方欢迎。故选A。
(4). 细节理解题。题干意为:根据这篇文章,松下在未来会________。根据文中第四段最后一句“... and offering users future improvements and necessary services.”可知松下为使用者提供未来的一些改进和必要服务。故选D。
四、完形填空
答案：1-5 ABCAD 6-10 CDABD
解析：1.考查副词辨析。根据下文中的"this fear can be overcome(克服) with two simple methods"可知, 此处表示幸运地。luckily意为"幸运地", 符合语境。suddenly意为"突然"; sadly意为"悲伤地"; terribly意为"糟糕地"。故选A。
2.考查连词辨析。根据下文中的"the task of writing the speech is complete"及常识可知, 写完演讲稿之后, 演讲者必须经常练习。after意为"在......之后", 符合语境。unless意为"如果不, 除非"; until意为"直到"; before意为"在......之前"。故选B。
3.考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的"The more times they practice the speech"可知, 他们练习演讲的次数越多, 他们讨论这个话题就越轻松自如。comfortable意为"自信的, 自在的, 放心的", 符合语境。nervous意为"紧张的"; scared意为"害怕的"; difficult意为"困难的"。故选C。
4.考查名词辨析。根据下文中的"such as mirrors or video recordings"可知, 用一些物品, 例如镜子或录像来展现演讲者的神情和语调。object意为"物品", 符合语境。activity意为"活动"; sign意为"指示牌"; instruction意为"指令"。故选A。
5.考查动词辨析。根据语境可知, 录像特别有用, 因为它可以多次观看。watch意为"观看", 符合语境。find意为"找到, 发现"; sell意为"卖"; clear意为"清除"。故选D。
6.考查名词辨析。根据上文中的"this fear can be overcome(克服) with two simple methods"及"Another"可知, 另一个解决害怕公开演讲的方法是利用观众的积极反馈。way意为"方法", 符合语境。cause意为"原因"; problem意为"问题"; purpose意为"目的"。故选C。
7.考查动词辨析。根据下文中的"a small nod or a smile"可知, 演讲者需要记住观众希望他们成功。succeed意为"成功", 符合语境。surprise意为"使......吃惊"; scream意为"尖叫"; suppose意为"假设"。故选D。
8.考查名词辨析。根据上文中的"a small nod or a smile"可知, 来自观众的微微点头或微笑都能给演讲者带来信心。confidence意为"信心", 符合语境。challenge意为"挑战"; humour意为"幽默"; service意为"服务"。故选A。
9.考查形容词辨析。根据上文所讲的观众希望演讲者成功, 通过点头或微笑给演讲者带来信心可知, 演讲者应利用观众的这些良好意愿来让演讲更好。good意为"良好的", 符合语境。poor意为"可怜的"; weak意为"虚弱的"; free意为"自由的"。故选B。
10.考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的"with proper practice and audience empathy(共鸣)"可知, 有了正确的练习和观众的共鸣, 就有可能克服公开演讲的恐惧, 收获成功的演讲。possible意为"可能的, 能做到的", 符合语境。necessary意为"必要的"; important意为"重要的"; interesting意为"有趣的"。故选D。
2