人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Listening and Speaking 语言点学案（含答案）

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Listening and Speaking
1. former [ f m r]
教材 P2 By studying old photos of the former palace, they have made the new one look exactly like the old one. 通过研究以前宫殿的老照片,他们使新宫殿和旧的看起来一模一样。
用法详解
(1)adj. 以前的；（两者中）前者的
This beautiful old building has been restored to its former glory.
这座美丽的老建筑已恢复了昔日的壮观。
(2) n. 前者 the former...; the latter... 前者....；后者....
Of the two opinions, I disagree with the former, but prefer the latter.
练习
(1)上周我拜访了我以前的英语老师。
I paid a visit to ______ _______ ________ _________.
(2)约翰和詹姆斯是兄弟。前者是医生；后者是工程师。
John and James are brothers; _______ _______ is a doctor while the latter is an engineer.
2.preserve [pr z v]
(1)vt.保存;保护;维持
The town is so beautiful because the character of the town is well preserved.
这个城镇很漂亮,因为它的特色被保存得很好。
They were determined to preserve their students from harm.
他们决心保护他们的学生免受伤害。
preserve ... from... 保护...免受....
preserve sth. for... 为....而保存某物
(2) n.保护区　
In these nature preserves, the rare plants are well-preserved.
在这些自然保护区,稀有植物得到了很好的保护。
nature preserve 自然保护区
well-preserved adj.保存良好的
preservation n.保存,保留
练习
(1)Our suggestion are that these traditional customs ______________(preserve) and handed down one generation after another.
(2)As we all know, the police are responsible for the _____________(preserve) of law and order.
(3)Well_____________ (preserve) in the nature reserve, pandas live a happy life.
3.promote [pr m t] vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级
A paper-cutting exhibition will be held, which aims to promote traditional Chinese culture.
即将举行一场剪纸展览,其目的是促进传统中国文化的发展。
Not all the advertisements can be used to promote the sale of the products.
并非所有的广告都能被用来提高产品的销量。
If I’m not promoted within the next two years, I’m going to change jobs.
如果接下来两年内得不到晋升,我将换工作。
Because of his good performance, he was soon promoted to a higher position in the company.
因为他的良好表现,他很快就被提拔到公司的一个更高的职位。
promote sb. (from sth.) to sth. 把某人（从某职位）提升到某职位
promotion n. 提升；晋级；促进 get/win promotion 获得晋级
练习
(1)He _________(promote) from a clerk to a manger after many years of hard work.
(2)Both of us used to be secretaries, and then I got a __________(promote) and become a manger.
(3)More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon __________(promote) the local economy.
4. application [ pl ke n] n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)
用法详解
The manager received twenty applications for the post. 经理收到了二十份求职申请书。
You can run several applications at the same time. 你可以同时运行好几个应用程序。
归纳拓展
(1)apply vt.涂,敷;应用,运用;(后常接oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事(+to)vi.申请;应用,使用;适用
apply for 申请,请求
apply (to sb) for... (向某人)申请……
apply...to... 把……运用到……中去;将……涂抹到……上面
apply oneself to 专心致志于
(2)applicant n.申请人
applied adj.应用的;实用的 applied science应用科学
练习
(1)My brother is one of the many ________for the job.
(2)You must ________ for a passport before going abroad.
(3)The new invention should be widely __________ to practice.
(4)He has devoted himself to ___________ chemistry in the past 20 years.
(5) I sent a letter of __________ last week, but I haven’t received a reply so far.
5. 重点句式
教材P2 By studying old photos of the former palace, they have made the new one look exactly like the old one. 通过研究以前宫殿的老照片,他们使新宫殿和旧的看起来一模一样。
用法详解
by是介词,用来表示方法、手段、方式,意为“凭借;靠;用;通过”,后接动词的-ing形式。
They learn English by watching TV. 他们通过看电视学英语。
He succeeded by working hard. 他工作努力,因此获得了成功。
练习
(1)By_______(use) his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests as large as before.
(2)We should learn spoken English by ________(speak).
Reading and Thinking
1.balance [ b l ns]
教材P4Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.在进步和保护文化遗址之间找到和保持适当的平衡可能是一个巨大的挑战。
用法详解
(1)n. 平衡；均匀
When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.
当这个男孩追赶哥哥的时候,他失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤。
keep/ lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 keep a balance between... and... 保持...与...的平衡
keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡
(2)v. 使平衡
You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。
balance between ... and... 平衡...与...
归纳拓展
balanced adj.平衡的 keep a balanced diet
练习
(1)People have learnt the importance of keeping a _________(balance) diet to satisfy their nutritional needs.
(2)The most importance thing is __________(balance) the development of economy with the protection of environment.
(3)You are working too hard. You’d better keep __________(balance) between work and relaxation.
2.lead to 导致
教材 P4 Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions.
然而,巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。
Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
现代科学已经清楚证明吸烟会导致很多疾病。
As we know, all roads lead to Rome. 众所周知,条条大路通罗马。
归纳拓展
Children in China are leading a happy life. 中国的孩子过着幸福的生活。
With the guide leading the way, we found the place easily.
由向导带路,我们很容易地找到了那个地方。
lead sb to do sth 引导某人做某事 lead sb to… 带着某人去/走向…
lead/live a … life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路；带路
练习
(1)As we all know, driving too fast and drunk driving can lead _____ a lot of accidents.
(2)His amazing intelligence led him ___________(make) many great discoveries.
(3)Under the leadership of the local government, people there are leading __________ happy life.
3. likely [ la kli]
教材P4 Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage.
大坝上的水可能会损坏一些寺庙,并摧毁埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分——文物。
用法讲解
You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
如果继续吸烟,你的身体健康会受到损害。
He is unlikely to come to the party tonight because his mother is ill.
他今晚不可能来参加聚会,因为他母亲病了。
sb/sth be likely to do... 某人/某物可能会... It is likely that ... 很可能...
unlikely adj. 不可能的
练习
(1)如果一个人面试迟到了，他是不可能得到这份工作的。
If one is late for a job interview,________ _________ _________ ________ he will get the job.
(2)你有可能会发现很多与你有相同爱好的人。
_______ _______ _______ to find many people who share the same interest with you.
4.turn to 向...求助
教材 P4 After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. 在听取了研究这个问题的科学家和居住在大坝附近的市民的意见后,政府在1959年向联合国寻求帮助。
用法讲解
向……求助;转向
Don’t hesitate to turn to us if you are in difficulty. 你要是有困难,尽管来找我们好了。
Go along the main road until it branches, and then turn to the right.
顺着这条大路走,在路的分岔口向右拐。
归纳拓展
take turns doing/to do sth. 轮流做某事 It’s one’s turn (to do sth) 轮到某人(做某事）了
by turns 轮流 in turn 反过来；依次
练习
(1)为了节省开支，我们轮流开车送孩子们去上学。
In order to save money, we________ _________ to drive the kids to school.
(2)我想这周该轮到我背诵课文了。
I think_______ _______ _______ _______ to recite the text .
5.limit [ l m t]
教材 P4 A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. 成立了一个委员会,来限制对埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物的损失。
用法讲解
vt.限制;限定, n.限度,限制
(1)Buses numbered 1 to 100 are limited to travel within the city centre.
公交车1路到100路都仅限于在市中心行驶。
(2)In my opinion, you had better set a limit to the expense of your trip.
在我看来,你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。
归纳拓展
A man’s life is limited, but there is no limit to serving the people. I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people. 一个人的生命是有限的,但是为人民服务是无限的。我要把有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去。
limit... to... 把...限制到... be limited to 局限于.....
limited adj.有限的 limitation n.限度；局限
练习
(1)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _________(limit) our thinking.
(2) To lose weight, he limits himself _____three cups of milk and several fruits a day.
(3)He was born in a poor family, and only received a _________(limit) education in his childhood.
6. prevent [pr vent]
教材P4 A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. 成立了一个委员会,来限制对埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物的损失。
用法讲解
prevent是及物动词,意为“阻止”,prevent sb from doing 意为“阻止……做……”。
The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident. 汽车及时停下,避免了一场车祸。
What was it that prevented him from coming on time 是什么使得他没按时来
归纳拓展
阻止某人做某事”的其他表达
stop sb (from) doing sth keep sb from doing sth discourage sb from doing sth
练习
(1)As far as I am concerned, the government is supposed to take effective measures to prevent the haze from ____________(get) worse.
(2) Food safety is very important, so the government spares no efforts _________(prevent) food pollution.
(3)The reason that she gave for being absent from class was that the heavy snow prevented her ________(come).
7.contribution [ k ntr bju n] n.捐款；贡献；捐赠
教材 P4 The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. 专家组要求各部门提供捐助,并在国际社会内筹集经费。
用法讲解
(1)The economists have made important contributions to the field of financial and corporate economics. 经济学家们在金融和企业经济学领域做出了重要的贡献。
(2)I have contributed several articles to the magazine,but none of them have been published.
我已经给杂志投了好几篇文章,可一篇也没发表过。
(3)The two-week exchange activities contributed to a better understanding between us.
这两周的交流活动促进了我们之间更好地了解。
make a contribution/ contributions to 对....做出贡献
contribute vi.&vt. 捐献；捐助
contribute sth to.... 把某物捐献给.... contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿
练习
(1)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more______ the Belt and Road construction.
(2) Your ____________(contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
(3)If you want to contribute ______ our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline.
8.attempt [ tempt] n.&vt. 企图；试图；尝试
教材 P4 Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam
为什么埃及政府想要建造大坝
用法讲解
(1)Attempt to change someone else’s attitude towards life is only a waste of time and energy.
试图改变他人对生活的态度只是浪费时间和精力而已。
(2)Will they make another attempt 他们会再做另一次尝试吗
(3)In an attempt to attract more customers, they took a variety of measures.
为了吸引更多顾客,他们采取了各种措施。
(4)If you fail at the first attempt, there is no need to care about that.
如果你第一次尝试失败的话,也不必担心。
make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事 at one’s/ the first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事 attempt to do sth. 努力做某事
练习
(1)He attempted ___________(compete) for the position of chairman of the Students’ Union.
(2) Personally speaking, parents are making _______ attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require.
(3)He made an attempt at _________(pass) the exam, but he failed in the end.
9.worthwhile [ w θ wa l] adj.值得做的；值得花时间的
教材 P4 Do you think it was worthwhile 你认为这值得吗
归纳拓展
It is worthwhile/worth visiting the Science Museum. 参观科学博物馆是值得的。
The Christmas present I gave her the other day is worth 20 dollars.
我那天给她的圣诞礼物值20美元。
This film is worthy of being seen.=This film is worthy to be seen. 这部电影值得一看。
（1）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 做……是值得的
（2）worth adj.& n. 值……的;价值
be worth +some money 值多少钱
be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得被做(主动形式表被动意义)
（3）worthy adj.值得的
of being done
be worthy to be done 值得……
of +n.
练习
一句多译
他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。
(1)His suggestion put forward at the conference is ________________________________.
(2)His suggestion put forward at the conference is worthy of________________________________.
(3) His suggestion put forward at the conference is worthy to________________________________.
(4) _______________________ to consider /considering his suggestion put forward at the conference.
10.重点句式1
教材 P4 There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
用法讲解
There comes a time when...意为“曾经有一段时间……”,when引导定语从句,修饰a time, when在从句中做时间状语。
There came a time when I lost interest in English. 有一段时间我对英语失去了兴趣。
There came a time when life was very hard for Madame Curie. 居里夫人有段时期生活非常艰难。
归纳拓展
It was a time when… 那是一个……时期 That was a time when….. 那是一个…..时期
That is a time when… 这是一个…..时代
I often miss my childhood. It was a time when I spent almost each day without worries.
我经常怀念我的童年。那是一段我几乎每天都无忧无虑的日子。
That was a time when I took a crazy liking to rock ‘n’ roll.
那是一个我非常狂热地喜欢摇滚乐的时期。
练习
(1)有一次我乘火车从长沙到北京。
_________ __________ _________ _________ when I took my trip from Changsha to Beijing.
(2)那时人们不太关注健康。
_________ _________ ________ ________ when people weren’t so hung-up about health.
11.重点句式2
教材 P4 Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路,而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
用法讲解
not only...but also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其意为“不但……而且……”;其中的also有时可以省略。
(1)not only...but also...连接的两个成分作主语时,其谓语在人称和数上通常与邻近的主语保持一致 Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.
不仅我,而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。
(2)not only...but also...连接两个句子,且not only位于句首时, not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
After the earthquake, not only was there no electricity, but also there was no clean water.
地震以后,不仅没有电,而且也没有干净的水。
Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a hard-working man. 他不仅大脑聪明,而且很勤劳。
练习
(1)他不仅是一位成功的作家，而且是他那个时代最伟大的诗人。
He was _______ ______ _________ _________ _________ but (also) the greatest poet of his time.
(2)不仅是我，而且汤姆也喜欢书法。
Not only I but also Tom ____________ ____________ ___________ calligraphy.
(3)对这件事情不仅教授们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的想法。
Not only ______ _________ __________ _________ their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.
Listening and Talking
1. forgive [f ɡ v] vt. &vi. (forgave, forgaven) 原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅
教材P7 Forgive me for asking, but... 请原谅我提问,但是……
用法讲解
(1)Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don't agree with that.
请原谅我打岔,不过我确实不同意那一点。
(2) It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
不计前嫌也是一种美德,尤其是在这样一个充满竞争和压力的社会中。
forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事 forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive one’s doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事 forgive and forget 不计前嫌
练习
(1)Please forgive me ________ my being unable to accompany you to the bookstore.
(2)_________(forgive) for the past is the most precious gift we can receive.
2.重点句式
教材P7 It is said that it’s a mirror that can tell right from wrong! 据说这是一面能分辨是非的镜子!
用法讲解
It is said that a space station will be built on the moon in years.
据说,未来几年月球上将修建一座空间站。
归纳拓展
It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.
据报道,灾区如今正在建设许多新房子。
It is thought that... 据认为.... It is believed that... 人们相信....
It is reported that... 据报道.... It is claimed that... 据称....
It is hoped that... 人们希望.... It is well-known that... 众所周知....
It is considered that... 大家认为....
练习
(1)据说我们学校将于下周举行运动会。
_________ __________ _________our school will hold a sports meet next week.
(2)希望你们能从这件事故中吸取教训。
_________ _________ ________ ________you can learn a lesson from this accident.
Reading for Writing
1. quality [ kw l ti] n.质量;品质;素质;特征 adj. 优质的;高质量的
教材P8 Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994. 自1994年国际项目启动以来,已制作了近50万张高质量的数码照片。
用法讲解
(1)Many leaders have many good qualities and have made great contributions to mankind.
许多领袖有很多良好的品质,为人类做出了巨大的贡献。
It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
人们普遍认为应该根据学生的全面素质来评价他们。
(2)We specialize in quality furniture. 我们专营高档家具。
归纳拓展
Much of the land was of poor quality. 大部分土地质量很差。
be of poor/good/high quality 质量很差/好/高 in quality 在质量上
练习
(1)The digital camera in our shop is __________ high quality.
(2)The students’ homework varies ___________ quality.
2. opinion [ p nj n] n.意见；想法；看法
教材P8 What do you think of the researcher’s opinion in the last paragraph
你认为研究者在最后一段中的观点怎么样
用法讲解
When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.
当我有不同的意见时,我可能会选择放弃,尊重大多数人的意见。It is widely acknowledged that students
归纳拓展
In my opinion, making a suitable timetable is necessary and important for us to make good use of our time. 在我看来,制定一个合适的时间表对于我们充分利用时间是必要和重要的。
ask the opinion of sb.=ask (for) sb.’s opinion 征求某人的看法
in one’s opinion 依某人的看法 express/give/state an opinion发表意见
keep your opinion to yourself 保留意见
练习
(1)______ my opinion, the room can serve as a study room.
(2)Good __________ (opinion) are worth sticking to because they can benefits us all.
3. contrast [ k ntrɑ st] n.对比;对照　vt.对比;对照
用法讲解
(1)While there are similarities in the two cultures, there are also great contrasts.
虽然两种文化相似,但也有很大的差异。
(2)He contrasted the two different economic systems in his speech.
他在讲话中对比了两种不同的经济体系。
归纳拓展
(1)Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.
与此相反,乐观主义能使你幸福、健康和成功。
(2)The boy’s room is a complete contrast to the guest room.这个男孩的房间和客房截然不同。
by contrast 相比之下；相反 in contrast (to/with) 与…相比较
contrast to 对比；对照
练习
(1)______contrast to them, people who have a negative attitude towards life have buried the ability to see opportunities.
(2)Consider creating ______ contrast between the plate and the table, such as white china on a dark wood surface.
4.重点句式
教材 P8 As one researcher who is working on the project explains, “Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself...” 正如一位从事这个项目的研究人员所解释的,“欣赏自己的文化遗产对于理解自己来说是非常重要的……”
用法讲解
本句中的as是关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句,主要起承接上下文的作用,表达说话人的看法、观点,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如”,常用在下面习惯用语中。
归纳拓展
As is mentioned above, substances are constantly undergoing physical and chemical changes.
如上所述,物质总是在进行着物理变化和化学变化。
As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
就像其他老人一样,我祖父也喜欢讲他当年的故事。
is well-known to all 众所周知
is often the case ……是常有的事情
is expected 正如所预料的那样
as has been said before 正如前文所述
is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
is announced 正如宣布的
is reported on TV 正如电视上报道的
练习
(1)众所周知，水对人类来说是非常重要的，我们不能没有水。
______ _____ _____ _________ ______, water is very important to man. We can’t live without water.
(2)正如报道的，中国已成为世界上一个重要的国家。
________ _________ ________, China has become an important country in the world.
Keys:
Listening and Speaking
1.(1) my former English teacher (2)the former
2. (1)(should) be preserved (2)preservation (3)preserved
3. (1) was promoted (2)promotion (3) to promote
4. (1) applicants (2)apply (3)applied (4)applied (5) application
5. (1)using (2)speaking
Reading and Thinking
1.(1)balanced (2)to balance (3)a
2. (1)to (2)to make (3)a
3. (1) it is unlikely that (2)You are likely
4. (1) take turns (2)it is my turn
5. (1)limit (2)to (3)limited
6.(1)getting (2)to prevent (3)coming
7.(1)to (2)contribution (3)to
8.(1)to compete (2)an (3)passing
9.(1)worth considering (2)being considered (3)be considered (4) It is worthwhile
10.(1)There came a time (2)It was a time
11.(1)not only a successful writer (2)is interested in (3)do the professors have
Listening and Talking
1.(1)for (2)Being forgiven 2. (1)It’s said that (2)It is hoped that
Reading for Writing
1.(1)of (2)in 2. (1)In (2)opinions 3. (1) In (2)a
4. (1)As is well-known to all (2)As is reported