高中英语语法复习——冠词学案(有答案)

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名称 高中英语语法复习——冠词学案(有答案)
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更新时间 2022-12-25 01:26:58

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高中英语语法复习——冠词
1. 不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a。
2. 定冠词的基本用法
A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。
B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。
C. 用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。
3. 定冠词的特殊用法
A. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。
B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。
C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。
D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。
E. 用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。
F. 用在乐器名称前。
G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。
4. 名词前不用冠词的情况
A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。但在以festival组成的民间节日前要加the。
B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。
C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。
D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。
例:(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边; go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;
in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里
【典例分析】
例1:(2017全国卷3)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as model in New York.
例2:But my mood quickly changed when I saw first question
例3:In 1969, DARPA, US defence organization,
例4:As result,he bought a pet for his brother.
【跟踪练习】单句改错
【2020·全国卷III】For example,every morning my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.
【2019·全国卷III】Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ] I still remember how hard first day was.
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ] They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
[2017·全国卷Ⅲ] Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
【单项选择】
1.It’s ________ fun to walk________ dog after a whole day’s work.
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D./; the
2.The girl is on ________ diet to lose ________ weight and I hope she can succeed.
A.the; / B./; a C.a; / D./; the
3.What ________ good time we had having a picnic yesterday!
A.a B.an C./ D.the
4.For him ________stage is just ________way to make a living.
A.a; a B.the; a C.the; \ D.a; the
5.All good things must come to ________ end, however beautiful an experience is.
A.the B./ C.an D.a
6.Han Hong is ________ kind singer and she does a lot to help the poor.
A.a B.an C.the D./
7.— What’s Tom like
— He is ________ honest student; ________, all of us like him very much.
A.a; honest B.an; to be honest C.a; honestly D.an; honest
8.Because he has been out of ________ work for months, the young man now depends on his parents for ________ living.
A.不填; a B.the; a C.不填; 不填 D.the; 不填
9._______ fine weather it is!
A.What a B.How a C.What D.How
10.Though my brother has been out of ________ work for more than half a year, he never loses ________ heart.
A./; / B./; the C.the; / D.the; the
11.Paris is________ most beautiful city, where you can see________ famous Eiffel Tower.
A.the; the B.the; a C.a; a D.a; the
12.- You say you want to watch ________ amazing movie, don’t you
- Oh, yes. ________ movie is called Spiderman - No way home.
A.a, the B.an, the C.the, the
13.Washing machines made in China have won ________ worldwide attention and Haier has become ________ popular name.
A.a; the B./; a C./; the D.the; a
14.Jinan city will hold the 11th National Games. We are facing ________ good opportunity, ________ that will lead to our prosperity.
A.a; one B.a; it C.the; one D.the; it
15.There is _________ bottle of milk in the fridge.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
16.As ________ matter of fact, the couple are cleaning their house in _______ preparation for the new baby’s coming.
A.a; a B.不填; 不填 C.a; 不填 D.the; 不填
17.With ________ help of Mrs. Brown, I have made ________ great progress in my study.
A.the, a B.the, / C.a, / D./, the
18.—I passed my driving test yesterday.
—________good news! You can drive to work,
A.What a B.What C.How D.How a
19.At ________ end of the meeting, our headmaster encouraged all of us to go to ________ college.
A.the; the B.an; / C./; / D.the; /
20.I have ________ European pen friend, and he likes playing guitar.
A.an; / B.an; the C.a; / D.a; the
21.Tom is going to Xingyi by________plane.
A.a B.an C.the D./
22.—Guess what I took part in an interview on TV last Sunday.
—Oh, ________ unforgettable experience it must be!
A.what B.what an C.how
23.—You've dropped ________ “s” in the word “necessary”.
—Oh, ________ letter “s” is doubled.
A./; a B.a; the C.an; the
24.Zhaozhou Bridge is one of ________ stone bridges in the world.
A.old B.older C.oldest D.the oldest
25.My name is Elias. I am ________ poor black worker in South Africa
A.the B.a C.an D./
26.He is only ________ boy. He isn’t old enough to take care of himself.
A.an one-year-old B.a one-year-old
C.a one-years-old D.an one-years-old
27.To tell ________ truth, Tracy’s room is really in ________ mess.
A./; a B.the; / C.the; a D./; /
28.In order to make it clear, I must go up to________ second floor and ask him________ second time.
A.the; a B.a; the C.the; the
29.—What’s on your desk, Judy
—It’s _________ English-Chinese dictionary. It’s ________ useful dictionary.
A.an, the B.an, an C.an, a D.the, an
30.I can't remember when exactly he left ________ school and worked as a lifeguard. I only remember it was ________summer.
A.the; the B.the; a C./; / D./; a
31.In face of ________ failure, it is the most important to keep up ________ good state of mind.
A./ ; a B.a ; / C.the ; / D./ ; the
32.Every morning he spends________ hour doing exercise, then he goes to________ work.
A.a ;a B.an; / C.a; / D.an; the
33.We must try to reach ________ agreement if we don't want to lose ________ face.
A.the; a B./; the C.an; / D.an; the
34.I am going to have _________ picnic on _________ Sunday.
A.the;an B.an;the C.a;不填 D.an;不填
35.China, ______ largest developing country in the world, has made great progress in ______ area of space exploration.
A.a; an B.the; the C.the; an D.a; the
36.Do you think it is ________ good manners to hear others' conversations in ________ curious manner
A.the; a B./;/ C./;a D.the; the
37.Robert is interested in ________ astronomy and he wishes he could make a trip into ________ space one day.
A.the, the B.an, the C.an, / D./, /
38.The pizzas are delicious. Little Tom would like to have ________ third piece because ________ second piece is rather too small.
A.a; a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; a
39.First impression is the most lasting,you never get _____ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A.a; the B.the; the C.a; a D.the;a
40.Beyond stars there is nothing but space.
A./...the B.the.../ C./.../ D.the...the
二、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kanas is a Mongolian word ____41____(mean) “beautiful and mysterious lake”. Kanas Lake is China’s deepest freshwater lake famous for its picturesque view, and home to 798 species of plants and 117 varieties of birds. ____42____(surround) by snow-capped mountains and heavy forest, Kanas Lake in Burqin takes on different colors in different seasons.
Kanas Lake lies in the northern part of Burqin County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 150 kilometers away from Burgin County. The lake water ____43____(come) from the melting water of the mountains such as Kuitun Peak and Friendship Peak. The best time ____44____(visit) the Kanas Lake is in June and September. In June, flowers bloom and trees turn green and everything are full ____45____ energy. The flowers are at their best and Kanas looks like ____46____ ocean of flowers. In September, Kanas enters the pure golden season. ____47____(natural), this is also the best time for photography.
Winter operation period (October 16 — April 30) is a perfect ____48____(choose) for visitors with limited budgets. Kanas does not close the mountain in winter, in ____49____ scenic spots are open for business. Visitors will see the fairyland — like original snowy scenery. Kanas will also host five major theme _____50_____(activity), namely, Snow and Ice Festival, Snow Carnival, Winter Ice and Snow Photography Season, Snowboard Invitational, Snow Sculpture Invitational.
2
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many music lovers have an opinion on what was the best year for music. Some people say it was 1824 ___51___ Beethoven’s Symphony No.9 (《贝多芬第九交响曲》) was performed first. Other people say it was 1969 due ___52___ the hit songs by The Beatles and Elvis Presley. Last month, a survey, ___53___ (conduct) by a UK radio station, found the best year for music was 1991.This is because of the ___54___ (prefer) for bands like Red Hot Chili Peppers, Stone Roses and Nirvana. ___55___ reason for 1991 being the survey’s best year for music could be the average age of the ___56___ (listener) of the station (电台). The music lovers have great memories of 1991, many of ___57___ were teenagers at that time.
Psychologists believe people tend ___58___ (stick) to the songs they heard when they were teenagers. They will become ___59___ (peace) and energetic when listening to these songs. Obviously, these songs ___60___ (root) in their important memories for years.
3
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My wife and I moved to a small town along the coast. Our three-bedroom, two-bath home can ____61____(comfortable) accommodate a total of about eight people, us ____62____ (include).
Here is the problem: We have some close friends who occasionally come to visit. On one previous visit, they announced at dinner that a close friend of ____63____ (they) would be“drop-ping by”the following day.
The next day, their friend showed up with her two children, her older sister and her dog. It was obvious ____64____ they intended to stay with us, because they dragged in pillows from their car.
My wife welcomed them with open arms. We then set about ____65____ (try) to find space for them, many of whom slept on the floor or the sofa. This brought ____66____ number of people from seven to 11, plus an additional dog.
When everyone left ____67____ the end of the three-day holiday, my wife and I had a long discussion about what ____68____ (happen) and what we would do about it. We agreed that our friends took advantage of us, and we decided ____69____ (change) the visiting rules.
As a result, our friends’ visits are less frequent, which makes my wife _____70_____ (happy).She wants to throw the new rules out.I totally disagree. What is the way out
4
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Who owns a photo taken by a monkey That may seem like a strange question. But photographer David Slater and an animal rights group argued about it for nearly two years. They finally reached an ____71____ (agree) in September.
In 2011, Slater photographed endangered monkeys ____72____ (call) crested black macaques (黑冠猕猴) in Indonesia. Slater also set up a camera on a tripod (三脚架), ____73____ (hope) the monkeys would take photos of themselves.
His plan worked. One of the photos became famous after it ____74____ (post) online. Slater also included the monkey selfie (自拍照) in a book he published in 2014 titled Wildlife Personalities.
But the following year, the animal rights group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) charged Slater. The group declared that Slater couldn’t publish and sell the photo because he didn’t take ____75____. PETA argued that the monkey that took the picture was ____76____ (actual) its true owner.
The two sides made ____77____ deal in September. Slater ____78____ (donate) 25 percent of the money he makes ____79____ future sales of the photo to groups that protect crested black macaques in Indonesia. Slater says he is happy to help the monkeys, _____80_____ was his intention from the start.
5
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
“China plans to complete the construction of a space station and have ____81____ put into operation around 2022,” said Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China’s manned space program, at a forum ____82____ (hold) in south China’s Guangdong Province. If needed, the space station, ____83____ is designed to weigh 100 tonnes and accommodate three astronauts, could ____84____ (enlarge) if needed, according to Zhou.
“The main goal of the construction of the space station is to enable China to become a country ____85____ (independent) mastering the technology for long-term manned flight in near Earth space, and having the capacity to carry ____86____ long-term manned scientific ____87____ (experiment),” said Zhou at the 4th China Summit Forum on Human Factors Engineering, which was held at SunYat-sen University.
The space station will be built as China's main platform for space science research, with the ____88____ (intend) of mastering the technologies in constructing and operating large space facilities, the technologies ____89____ (guarantee) life and health of astronauts who often fly in orbit, and the construction of a _____90_____ (nation) space lab, according to Zhou.
6
阅读下面材料,在空处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth was delivered by Chinese astronauts on China’s Tiangong space station, ___91___ they displayed unique physical phenomena in the orbiting spacecraft. Although ___92___ (feature) interactive teaching, it was mainly targeted at youngsters.
In 2013, ___93___ the help of two other crew members, Wang Yaping delivered the country’s first space lecture, making China, following the United States, become the ___94___ (two) country to carry out a space lecture.
This year’s lecture, ___95___ (compare) with the class nine years ago, was greatly different. Apart from a ___96___ (big) “classroom”, it covered a wider range of subjects. ___97___ (previous) Wang showed students the laws of physics and the phenomena of weightlessness in space. But this year, biology ___98___ (add). The astronauts compared the growth and shape of cells in different environment to study their changing rules.
These space lectures showed various topics, ___99___ the aim behind never changed. According to China Daily, the space lectures aim to “spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and stir up enthusiasm for science among young people”. The astronauts sincerely invited young viewers ___100___ (conduct) similar experiments along with them to experience the fun of exploration.
参考答案
一、
1.D
【解析】考查冠词。句意:工作一整天后遛狗很有趣。fun为形容词,本句为it is+形容词+to do sth, 所以fun前不用任何冠词, 第一个空处什么冠词也不填,第二个空特指dog,前用定冠词the,walk the dog“ 遛狗”。故选D项。
2.C
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:这个女孩正在节食减肥,我希望她能成功。第一空,表示“节食”短语为on a diet;第二空表示“减肥”短语为lose weight。故选C。
3.A
【解析】考查冠词。句意:昨天我们野餐玩得多开心啊!have a good time doing sth.为固定用法,意为“做某事玩得很开心”,空处需填不定冠词a。故选A。
4.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:对他来说,舞台只是一种谋生的方式。第一空,stage特指他谋生的舞台,应用定冠词the;第二空way为可数名词,此处表泛指,且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故选B。
5.C
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:再美好的经历,也有结束的时候。结合句意表示“结束”可知短语为come to an end。故选C。
6.A
【解析】考查冠词。句意:韩红是一个热心的歌手,她做了很多事情来帮助穷人。结合句意可知,可数名词单数表泛指要用a/an,kind以辅音音素开头,要用a,故选择A项。
7.B
【解析】考查不定冠词和独立成分。句意:——汤姆喜欢什么 ——他是一个诚实的学生;老实说,我们都很喜欢他。句中honest的h不发音,该词是以元音音素开头的词,前面用an表示“一”;答语中的第二句的逗号前用不定式作独立成分或用副词修饰整个句子。故选B。
8.A
【解析】考查冠词。句意:因为他已经失业好几个月了,这个年轻人现在依靠他的父母谋生。out of work意为“失业”,为固定搭配,所以第一处为零冠词。for a living意为“谋生”,为固定搭配,所以第二处应用冠词a。故选A。
9.C
【解析】考查感叹句和连词。句意:今天多么好的天气呀!感叹句句式:How+adj+主语+谓语!What+adj+n+主语+谓语!how是副词,修饰形容词或者副词作状语,what修饰名词,分析句子可知,修饰名词weather用what,且weather是不可数名词,不能加不定冠词,故选C。
10.A
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:尽管我哥哥已经失业半年多了,但他从来没有失去信心。根据固定句型:out of work(失业)和 lose heart(失去信心)可知,在这两个固定短语中,不用冠词。故选 A。
11.D
【解析】考查冠词。句意:巴黎是一个非常美丽的城市,在那里你可以看到著名的埃菲尔铁塔。第一空,根据句意表示“非常漂亮的城市”应用a most city,泛指“一个”,且most是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a,the most beautiful city意为“最漂亮的城市”不符合语境;第二空特指埃菲尔铁塔应用定冠词the。故选D。
12.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:——你说你想看一部很棒的电影,是吗 ——哦,是的,这部电影叫《蜘蛛侠——有家难回》。第一空名词movie为可数名词,泛指,且形容词amazing发音 以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。第二空名词movie为特指《蜘蛛侠——有家难回》这部电影,所以用定冠词the。故选B。
13.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:中国制造的洗衣机赢得了全世界的关注,海尔已经成为一个受欢迎的名字。第一空名词attention为不可数名词,前不用冠词;第二空名词name为可数名词,泛指,所以用不定冠词,popular的发音以辅音音素开头,故用a。故选B。
14.A
【解析】考查冠词和不定代词。句意:济南市将举办第十一届全运会。我们将面临一个好机会,一个可以带领我们走向繁荣的机会。分析句子结构可知,opportunity为可数名词单数,此处用不定冠词泛指,good 以辅音音素开头,要用a,后边是一个定语从句,先行词为不定代词,one代指上文中的opportunity,泛指同一类,故选择A项。
15.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:冰箱里有一瓶牛奶。根据句意可知,此处指有一瓶牛奶,应用不定冠词,bottle的发音以辅音音素开头,应用a。故选B。
16.C
【解析】考查冠词。句意:事实上,这对夫妇正在打扫房子,为新生婴儿的到来做准备。as a matter of fact“事实上”为固定短语, in preparation for“ 为……做准备”为固定短语。故选C项。
17.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:在布朗夫人的帮助下,我在学习上取得了很大的进步。分析句子可知,逗号前面涉及固定短语“with the help of sb.”,意为“在某人的帮助下”,句中特指布朗夫人的帮助,故空格一应用定冠词“the”;逗号后面涉及固定短语“make great progress”,意为“取得很大进步”,“progress”为不可数名词,前面不用冠词修饰。故选B项。
18.B
【解析】考查感叹句。句意:——我昨天通过了驾驶考试。——真是个好消息!你可以开车去上班。分析可知,_______good news! 为感叹句,对名词news进行感叹用what,news是不可数名词,前面不需要加冠词,how是对形容词或副词进行感叹,故选B。
19.D
【解析】考查冠词。句意:在会议结束时,校长鼓励我们大家都去上大学。根据固定短语“at the end of在……的末尾”以及“go to college上大学”可知,前空应填冠词the;后空不用填冠词。故选D项。
20.D
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我有一个欧洲笔友,他喜欢弹吉他。friend是单数可数名词,此处表示“一个”用不定冠词,European开头是辅音音素,不定冠词用a。play后加乐器时加定冠词the。故选D。
21.D
【解析】考查冠词。句意:汤姆打算乘飞机去兴义。by plane“乘飞机”是固定短语,无需冠词,故选D项。
22.B
【解析】考查感叹句。句意:——猜猜发生什么了 我上周日去参加了一家电视的面试。——噢,那一定是一次难忘的经历。答语是一个what引导的感叹句,感叹句分两种情况:what引导的感叹句修饰的中心词是名词,what a/an+形容词+可数名词+主语+谓语!/what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!/what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!;how引导的感叹句中,how修饰形容词或副词。而根据语境可知中心词是experience,且在这里表示“经历”,是可数名词,而unforgettable是元音音素开头,用an修饰,所以这里是what引导的感叹句。故选B。
23.C
【解析】考查冠词。句意:——你在单词“necessary”中少写了一个“s”。——哦,字母“s”是双写的。A. /; a不填;一个;B. a; the一个;这个;C. an; the一个;这个。不定冠词an用于以元音开头的单词前,本题中第一个横线后的字母s是以元音/e/开头的,所以前面需用an;而在答句中,s这个字母是第二次出现,根据定冠词的用法,定冠词用于第二次出现的名词之前,所以横线上需填the。综上所述,所以C选项是正确的。故选C项。
24.D
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:赵州桥是世界上最古老的石桥之一。短语one of ....意为...之一,后接可数名词复数,名词前的形容词必须用最高级,而最高级前则必须要加the,故选择D项。
25.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我叫伊莉莎,我是南非一个贫穷的黑人工人。worker可数名词单数表泛指,poor首字母的发音为辅音音素,要用a。故选择B项。
26.B
【解析】考查冠词和形容词。句意:他只是一个一岁的孩子。他还太小,不能照顾好自己。修饰后文名词boy,表示“一岁的”应用one-year-old,且one是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用冠词a。故选B。
27.C
【解析】考查冠词。句意:说实话,Tracy的房间真的是一团糟。固定短语to tell the truth“说实话”,介词短语in a mess“一团糟”。故选C项。
28.A
【解析】考查冠词。句意:为了确认,我必须去二楼问他第二次。第一空表示“第二楼”,应用序数词second,且前面用the修饰;第二空表示“第二次,再一次”,用不定冠词a修饰。故选A。
29.C
【解析】考查冠词。句意:——朱迪,你桌上的是什么?——一本英中字典,它是一本很有用的字典。根据对话内容可知第一次提到字典不是特指,只表示数量,且“English” [ gl ] 以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an,而第二空虽前面提到的字典,但却是在表达“是一本有用的字典”强调数量,故也用不定冠词,且“useful ”[ ju sfl] 以辅音音素。故选C项。
30.D
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我记不清他是什么时候退学当救生员的了。我只记得那是一个夏天。leave school意为“退学”,为固定搭配,所以第一处空格应使用零冠词。句中第一次提及summer,所以是泛指,第二处空格应用不定冠词。故选D。
31.A
【解析】考查冠词。句意:面对失败,保持良好的心态是最重要的。第一空failure表示“失败”为抽象概念,不可数,前面不用冠词;第二空表示“良好的心态”短语为a good state of mind。故选A。
32.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:他每天早上花一小时锻炼身体,然后去上班。根据句意,第一个空表示数量“一”,此处表示“一个小时”,应用不定冠词,且hour以元音音素开头,所以用an,第二个空用固定搭配go to work“去工作”,所以work前用零冠词,故选B。
33.C
【解析】考查冠词。句意:如果我们不想丢面子,我们就必须努力达成协议。reach an agreement“达成协议”,agreement是可数名词,根据句意,此处泛指“一个协议”,用不定冠词,且agreement以元音音素开头,故用an; lose face“丢脸;失去面子”,属于固定搭配。故选C。
34.C
【解析】考查冠词。句意:星期天我要去野餐。have a picnic意为“去野餐”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用不定冠词a。表示“在周末”应用on Sunday,此处应用零冠词。故选C。
35.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,在太空探索领域取得了巨大的进步。形容词的最高级前需用定冠词the,因此,第一空用the;in the area of在......领域,这是个固定短语。故选B。
36.C
【解析】考查冠词。句意:你认为以一种奇怪的方式听到别人的谈话是一种礼貌吗 分析句子可知,第一个设空处用来修饰 good manners,复数形式,表泛指,不需要加冠词;第二个设空处修饰curious manner,manner是可数名词,这里应用冠词修饰,表示“一”,用不定冠词,curious以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a,故选C。
37.D
【解析】考查冠词。句意:Robert对天文学感兴趣,他希望有朝一日能去太空旅行。astronomy作“天文学”讲时为一门学科,前面不需要冠词;space作“太空”讲时,前面不需要冠词。故选D。
38.C
【解析】考查冠词辨析。句意:披萨很好吃。小汤姆还想要一块,因为第二块太小了。A. a; a; B. the; the; C. a; the ;D. the; a。序数词前加a表示“又一,再一,还要一”在原有数量基础上再加一,相当于one more;序数词前加the,表示顺序,意为“第......”。根据句意,Tom 已经吃过两块了,还想要第三块,嫌刚吃过的第二块儿太小。故选C项。
39.C
【解析】考查冠词。句意:句意:第一印象是最持久的,你永远不可能有另一个机会去再给别人留下一次第一印象。第一空修饰限定chance用不定冠词,a second表示“又一次”,“再一次”。第二空修饰impression,泛指,所以用不定冠词,且first首字的发音为辅音音素,所以用不定冠词a来修饰。故选C。
40.B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:在星星的外面除了太空什么也没有。第一空特指“太空中的星星”,所以用定冠词the。第二空名词space作“空间,太空”之意,是抽象名词,单独使用,其前不用冠词。故选B。
二、
1
41.meaning
42.Surrounded
43.comes
44.to visit
45.of
46.an
47.Naturally
48.choice
49.which
50.activities
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了喀纳斯湖是中国最深的淡水湖,以其如画的风景而闻名,有798种植物和117种鸟类。布尔沁喀纳斯湖被雪山和茂密的森林包围,在不同的季节呈现出不同的颜色。
41. 考查非谓语动词。句意:喀纳斯是蒙古语,意为“美丽而神秘的湖泊”。分析句子结构可知mean在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语word构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填meaning。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意:布尔沁喀纳斯湖被雪山和茂密的森林包围,在不同的季节呈现出不同的颜色。分析句子结构可知surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语Kanas Lake构成被动关系,故用过去分词,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Surrounded。
43. 考查时态。句意:湖水来自奎屯峰、友谊峰等山的融水。陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为The lake water,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
44. 考查非谓语动词。句意:游览喀纳斯湖的最佳时间是6月和9月。time由最高级修饰,后跟不定式作定语。故填to visit。
45. 考查介词。句意:六月,鲜花盛开,树木变绿,一切都充满了活力。结合句意表示“充满”可知短语为be full of。故填of。
46. 考查冠词。句意:花朵在它们最美的时候,喀纳斯看起来像一个花的海洋。ocean为可数名词,此处为泛指且是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
47. 考查副词。句意:当然,这也是摄影的最佳时机。修饰后文整个句子应用副词naturally,作状语,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Naturally。
48. 考查名词。句意:冬季运营期(10月16日至4月30日)是预算有限的游客的最佳选择。根据上文a perfect可知应填单数名词choice,作表语。故填choice。
49. 考查定语从句。句意:喀纳斯在冬季不会关闭这座山,因为在冬季,风景名胜区是开放的。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the mountain,作介词的宾语,指物,故用关系代词which。故填which。
50. 考查名词的数。句意:喀纳斯还将举办五大主题活动,分别是冰雪节、冰雪嘉年华、冬季冰雪摄影季、单板滑雪邀请赛、雪雕邀请赛。activity为可数名词,由five修饰应用复数形式。故填activities。
2
51.when
52.to
53.conducted
54.preference
55.The
56.listeners
57.whom
58.to stick
59.peaceful
60.have been rooted
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了英国一家广播电台进行的一项调查发现音乐最好的年份是1991年,并分析了原因。
51. 考查定语从句。句意:有人说是1824年,那时贝多芬的第九交响曲第一次演奏。此处为定语从句,关系副词指代先行词1824并在从句中作时间状语,故填when。
52. 考查介词短语。句意:还有人说那是1969年,因为披头士和猫王的歌曲很热。due to意为“由于、因为”,符合题意,故填to。
53. 考查非谓语动词。句意:上个月,英国一家广播电台进行了一项调查,发现音乐最好的年份是1991年。根据句子结构可以判断,found为句子中的谓语动词,故设空处应该用非谓语动词。a survey与conduct之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词做后置定语,故填conducted。
54. 考查名词。句意:这是因为红辣椒、石玫瑰和涅槃等乐队更受欢迎。此处缺少名词作介词短语because of的宾语,preference(偏好)表抽象意义,为不可数名词,故填preference。
55. 考查冠词。句意:1991年是调查中音乐表现最好的一年,原因可能是该电台听众的平均年龄。分析可知,reason为名词,而且是可数名词,前面应该用冠词。同时“对1991年是调查中音乐表现最好的一年”的原因是特指,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填The。
56. 考查名词单复数。句意:1991年是调查中音乐表现最好的一年,原因可能是该电台听众的平均年龄。根据括号内提示的词listener为名词,前面的the average age指的是听众们的平均年龄,故括号中的词应该使用复数,故填listeners。
57. 考查定语从句。句意:这些音乐爱好者对1991年有着美好的回忆,他们中的许多人当时都是青少年。关系词指代先行词music lovers并在非限定性定语从句中作介词of的宾语,故填whom。
58. 考查非谓语动词。句意:心理学家认为,人们倾向于坚持他们在青少年时期听过的歌曲。根据句子成分可知,tend为句中的谓语,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。同时tend to do意为“倾向于做某事”,故填to stick。
59. 考查形容词。句意:听这些歌曲,他们会变得平静而充满活力。此处与后面的energetic并列用形容词作表语,故填peaceful。
60. 考查时态和语态。句意:显而易见地,很多年来,这些歌曲已经扎根于我们的重要记忆中。根据句子成分可知,句中缺少谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词;根据for years可知动作的发生是从过去到现在,应该使用现在完成时;同时these songs和root为动宾关系,且主语是复数;be rooted in意为“植根于”,故填 have been rooted。
3
61.comfortably
62.included
63.theirs
64.that
65.trying
66.the
67.at
68.had happened
69.to change
70.unhappy
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者的朋友们的来访打搅了作者一家的生活,于是他改变了来访规则,结果朋友们来的次数减少又导致了妻子的不高兴,她想要改变规则,但作者不同意,事情陷入僵局。
61. 考查副词。句意:我们三卧两浴的家可以轻松地容纳大约8人,包括我们。修饰动词accommodate用副词comfortably作状语,意为“容易地;没问题”,故填comfortably。
62. 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们三卧两浴的家可以轻松地容纳大约8人,包括我们。include作定语修饰us,是非谓语动词,与逻辑主语us之间是被动关系,用过去分词作定语,故填included。
63. 考查双重所有格。句意:在上一次来访时,他们在晚餐时宣布,他们的一个好朋友将在第二天来访。根据句意可知,句中使用了双重所有格“限定词+名词+of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,表示“……的……”,句中用名词性物主代词theirs作宾语,故填theirs。
64. 考查主语从句。句意:很明显,他们打算和我们住在一起,因为他们从车里拖来枕头。分析句子可知,it是形式主语,空格处为主语从句,从句句意完整成分齐全,用连词that引导该从句,故填that。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意:然后,我们开始努力为他们找空间,他们中的许多人睡在地板上或沙发上。set about doing sth.“开始做某事”,介词about后接动名词作宾语,故填trying。
66. 考查冠词。句意:这使得人数从7人增加到11人,另外还有一只狗。此处表示“……的人数”,用固定短语the number of…,故填the。
67. 考查介词。句意:三天的假期结束后,大家都走了。我和妻子就发生的事情以及我们该怎么办进行了长时间的讨论。at the end of“在……结尾”是固定短语,故填at。
68. 考查时态。句意:三天的假期结束后,大家都走了。我和妻子就发生的事情以及我们该怎么办进行了长时间的讨论。根据句意,“发生”这一动作发生在“进行讨论”之前,表示“过去的过去”用过去完成时,故填had happened。
69. 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们一致认为我们的朋友占了我们的便宜,并决定改变参观规则。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,故填to change。
70. 考查形容词。句意:因此,我们的朋友拜访次数变少了,这让我妻子很不高兴。提示词作使役动词make后宾语my wife的补足语,用形容词,结合句意,应用其反义词unhappy,表示“不高兴的”,故填unhappy。
4
71.agreement
72.called
73.hoping
74.was posted
75.it
76.actually
77.a
78.will donate
79.from
80.which
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了摄影师大卫·斯莱特和一个动物权利组织因为一张猴子的自拍照争论了近两年的故事。
71. 考查名词。句意:他们终于在9月份达成了协议。分析句子结构可知,an修饰可数名词单数,空格处应该填名词形式作宾语。故填agreement。
72. 考查非谓语东西。句意:2011年,斯莱特在印度尼西亚拍摄了一种名为黑冠猕猴的濒危猴子。分析句子结构可知,此处call做非谓语动词,与逻辑主语monkeys是被动关系,应该用done形式。故填called。
73. 考查非谓语动词。句意:斯莱特还在三脚架上安装了相机,希望猴子们能自拍。分析句子结构可知,此处hope做非谓语动词,与逻辑主语Slater是主动关系,应该用doing形式。故填hoping。
74. 考查被动语态。句意:其中一张照片在网上发布后就出名了。分析句子结构可知,此处post做谓语,与主语it是被动关系,且发生在过去,应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was posted。
75. 考查代词。句意:该组织宣称斯莱特不能发表和出售这张照片,因为这张照片不是他拍的。分析句子结构可知,此处take缺少宾语,结合句意,用it指代前面的photo。故填it。
76. 考查副词。句意:善待动物组织辩称,拍下照片的猴子才是它真正的主人。分析句子结构可知,此处应该用副词来修饰后面的句子。故填actually。
77. 考查冠词。句意:双方在9月份达成了一项协议。make a deal为固定搭配,表示“达成协议”。故填a。
78. 考查时态。句意:斯莱特将把这张照片未来销售所得的25%捐给印尼保护黑冠猕猴的组织。分析句子结构可知,此处donate做谓语,根据后文future可知,此处应该用一般将来时。故填will donate。
79. 考查介词。句意:斯莱特将把这张照片未来销售所得的25%捐给印尼保护黑冠猕猴的组织。结合句意可知,此处表达从将来的销售所得。用from符合句意。故填from。
80. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他很高兴帮助猴子,这是他从一开始的意图。分析句子结构可知,此处是非限制性定语从句,指代前面一句话内容。故填which。
5
81.it
82.held
83.which
84.be enlarged
85.independently
86.out
87.experiments
88.intention
89.guaranteeing
90.national
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是中国修建太空站的一些事情, 包括计划投入运营的时间、太空站的设计理念, 以及修建太空站的目的和意义等。
81. 考查代词。句意:中国计划在2022年左右建成一个空间站并投入运行。分析句意可知,此处缺“空间站”的意思,故用it来代替作宾语。故填it。
82. 考查非谓语动词。句意:中国载人航天计划总设计师周建平在中国南部广东省举行的论坛上说。分析句子结构可知,此处hold做非谓语,与逻辑主语forum是被动关系,应该用done形式。故填held。
83. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:据周说,空间站的设计重量为100吨,可容纳3名宇航员,如果需要,可以进行扩建。分析句子结构可知,此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the space station,指物,需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
84. 考查被动语态。句意:据周说,空间站的设计重量为100吨,可容纳3名宇航员,如果需要,可以进行扩建。分析句子结构可知,此处enlarge做谓语,与主语the space station是被动关系,应该用被动语态,且放在情态动词could后面。故填be enlarged。
85. 考查副词。句意:空间站建设的主要目标是使中国成为一个独立掌握近地空间长期载人飞行技术的国家,并具有进行长期载人科学实验的能力。分析句子结构可知,此处应该用副词修饰后面的动词master。故填independently。
86. 考查动词短语搭配。句意:空间站建设的主要目标是使中国成为一个独立掌握近地空间长期载人飞行技术的国家,并具有进行长期载人科学实验的能力。carry out为固定搭配,表示“实施”。故填out。
87. 考查名词。句意:空间站建设的主要目标是使中国成为一个独立掌握近地空间长期载人飞行技术的国家,并具有进行长期载人科学实验的能力。experiment为可数名词,空间张进行的实验应该不止一次,应用复数形式。故填experiments。
88. 考查词性转换。句意:周利民表示,空间站将成为中国空间科学研究的主要平台,旨在掌握大型空间设施的建设和运行技术、经常在轨飞行的宇航员的生命和健康保障技术以及国家空间实验室的建设。分析句子结构可知,the+名词+of表示“……的”,空格处应该填名词形式,表示“意图”。故填intention。
89. 考查非谓语动词。句意:周利民表示,空间站将成为中国空间科学研究的主要平台,旨在掌握大型空间设施的建设和运行技术、经常在轨飞行的宇航员的生命和健康保障技术以及国家空间实验室的建设。分析句子结构可知,guarantee在此处做非谓语动词,与逻辑主语the technologies 是主动关系,应该用doing形式。故填guaranteeing。
90. 考查形容词。句意:周利民表示,空间站将成为中国空间科学研究的主要平台,旨在掌握大型空间设施的建设和运行技术、经常在轨飞行的宇航员的生命和健康保障技术以及国家空间实验室的建设。分析句子结构可知,此处应该用形容词修饰后面的名词space lab。故填national。
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91.where
92.featuring
93.with
94.second
95.compared
96.bigger
97.Previously
98.was added
99.but
100.to conduct
【解析】这是一篇说明文,文章主要讲述了中国宇航员在距离地球400公里的天宫空间站上进行的科学讲座。
91. 考查定语从句。句意:中国宇航员在距离地球400公里的天宫空间站上进行了科学讲座,展示了宇宙飞船中独特的物理现象。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是China’s Tiangong space station,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
92. 考查现在分词。句意:虽然以互动教学为特色,但它主要针对青少年。此处是状语从句的省略,主语it指代上文的lecture,动词feature和主语是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语;此处也可看作是状语从句的省略,完整形式为Although it was featuring interactive teaching,当状语从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句含有be动词时,可将从句主语和be动词省略,故填featuring。
93. 考查介词。句意:2013年,在另外两名宇航员的帮助下,王亚平发表了中国的第一次太空演讲,使中国继美国之后成为第二个开展太空演讲的国家。with the help of在……的帮助下,固定短语,故填with。
94. 考查序数词。句意:2013年,在另外两名宇航员的帮助下,王亚平发表了中国的第一次太空演讲,使中国继美国之后成为第二个开展太空演讲的国家。结合句意及空前的the可知,此处指“第二”,用序数词。故填second。
95. 考查过去分词。句意:今年的讲座,与九年前相比,有很大的不同。动词compare与逻辑主语This year’s lecture之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词作状语。故填compared。
96. 考查形容词比较级。句意:除了更大的“课堂”,它还涵盖了更广泛的学科。结合上文及空后的wider可知,此处应用形容词比较级。故填bigger。
97. 考查副词。句意:此前,王亚平向学生们展示了物理定律和太空中的失重现象。空处作状语修饰整个句子,应用副词,首字母应大写。故填Previously。
98. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:但今年,又增加了生物学。此处讲述过去发生的事情,且主语biology和动词add之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是不可数名词,be动词用was。故填was added。
99. 考查连词。句意:这些太空讲座展示了各种各样的主题,但背后的目标从未改变。结合句意可知,前后分句是转折关系,应用but连接。故填but。
100. 考查动词不定式。句意:宇航员们真诚地邀请年轻观众们一起进行类似的实验,体验探索的乐趣。invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。故此处用动词不定式,故填to conduct。