2023高考届英语专题训练 全国名校新题速递：阅读理解说明文15篇（含解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023届高考英语专题训练 全国名校最新题速递
阅读理解说明文15篇（含解析）
1.2023届T8 联考高三第一次学业质量评价英语试卷
You've stopped at a café on your way to work, and next thing you know, your latte foam is staring at you.You've had the same furniture for years, but today your cupboard looks sad. You're lying in the park with your friends, and now Jesus is floating by in the clouds—are they seeing him too !
Why do we see human faces everywhere
Until now, it has been unclear as to why the brain processes visual signals and represents them in our mind as human faces. However, researchers from the School of Psychology at the University of Sydney have tried evaluating this phenomenon.
The facial recognition response happens fast, only taking a few hundred milliseconds. From an evolutionary perspective, the researchers suggest that the benefit of“never missing a face”outweighs（超过） the error where lifeless objects are seen as faces.Despite knowing that the object you are seeing is not a human face, the perception（知觉）of a face stays.This is known as "face pareidolia".
Pareidolia refers to the tendency to impose a meaningful interpretation on an unclear stimulus（刺激物），making one see an object， pattern or meaning when there is none. Pareidolia was originally considered a symptom of mental disorder, but it is now viewed as a normal human tendency.
Pareidolia has been investigated by scientists and has been present in art and literature for a long period of time. In Shakespeare's Hamlet, Hamlet demonstrates his supposed madness in his exchange with Polonius by telling him that he can see a camel in the sky.
The researchers set out to investigate whether a detected pareidolia face would be cast off as a false detection or be analysed for a facial expression.The study participants were presented series of faces and asked to rate each face expression on a scale from angry to happy.The series involved a mix of both real and pareidolia faces.
The researchers have found that pareidolia faces are not cast off as false detections, but rather undergo an internal "facial expression analysis",in the same way a real face would. This is likely because humans are deeply social beings. Additionally, they found that biases（成见）often seen when judging human faces in the analysis of the pareidolia faces.
So, the next time that you see an angry tree, don't be surprised and remember it's not personal.
32.What is the function of the first paragraph
A.To present a finding.
B.To warn the readers.
C.To introduce the topic.
D.To arouse the readers' awareness.
33. How do the researchers,from an evolutionary perspective, understand the facial recognition response
A.Our brain is good at processing signals.
B. The image of a human face will last long.
C.Our brain wrongly interprets signals as human faces.
D. There might be risks when lifeless objects are not seen as faces.
34.What happens in a pareidolia
A.People suffer mental disorder.
B.People see an unclear stimulus.
C.People imagine seeing a human face.
D.People interpret things meaningfully.
35.What can be inferred about participants seeing real human faces in the research
A.They discount the facial expressions.
B.They prefer real faces to false ones.
C.They tend to make biased judgment.
D.They compare real faces to pareidolia ones.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章开头提出了一个现象：我们经常不经意之间发现我们周围无生命的物体上居然呈现出一张人脸形状。接着作者从进化论的角度解释了这个现象，提出了“人脸空想性错视"这个心理学概念，指出了这个错视现象在艺术和文学中很常见。并且研究者做了一个实验，当实验者发现是一张被错视的人脸，他们会不会丢弃不去思考，事实上这些实验者仍然会继续在大脑中加工分析。
32.C【解析】推理判断题。第一段列举了几个人们常经历的场景，其目的是引出第二段的问题"Why do we see faces everywhere？"，然后在下文中展开。
33.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“From an evolutionary perspective, the authors suggest that the benefit of 'never missing a face' outweighs the error where lifeless objects are seen as faces."可知，从不错过一张脸的好处大于无生命物体被看成脸的错误”，因此可以推测“无生命物体不被看成脸可能会存在风险”。
34.D【解析】细节理解题。第五段中的"Pareidolia refers to the tendency to impose a meaningful interpretation on an unclear stimulus, making one see an object,pattern or meaning when there is none."解释了pareidolia这个概念。
35.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“but rather undergo internal ‘facial an i
expression analysis',in the same way a real face would"和"Additionally，they found that biases often seen when judging human faces in the analysis of the pareidolia faces."可以推测，人们在判断脸部的时候是有偏见的。
2.2022-2023学年第一学期浙江强基联盟12月统测高三年级英语试题
The microbiome is the collection of all microbes (微生物)，such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other life, which naturally live in an individual, be it a person or a plant. For humans and many other species, the best characterized microbiome centers on the bacteria in the gut (肠). The more microbiologists study these gut microbes, the more they link the bacteria to functions of their hosts（寄主）. In humans, gut bacteria influence how the body responds to disease-causing bacteria, or interact with the brain, affecting the mood.
Andrew Moeller is an evolutionary biologist at Cornell University. Six years ago, he and his colleagues reported the work showing human gut microbes are very similar to those in other primates (灵长类)，suggesting their presence predates the evolution of humans. But his follow-up studies indicate the human gut microbiome has changed greatly, compared with our current primate cousins. He found 85 microbial varieties in the guts of wild monkeys, but just 55 in people in US cities. Besides, people in less developed parts of the world have between 60 and 65 of those bacterial groups.
“Changes in diet as humans moved on from their hunter-gatherer past and into cities, antibiotic (抗生素) use, more life stresses, and better hygiene are all possible contributors to that great change in gut microbes," says Reshmi Upreti, a microbiologist at the University of Washington, Bothell. Several researchers have argued that this lower diversity could contribute to increases in various diseases.
However, Kyle Meyer, a microbiologist at UC Berkeley, argues such loses are not necessarily a problem.“Maybe we don't reed them,” he points out. But Moeller is worried. “We are really doing some scary stuff to our microbiomes,” he warns. Moeller and others also suggest identifying the missing microbes may be the first step in bringing them back. “If we determine that these groups were providing important functions to keep humans healthy," Upreti says, “perhaps we can restore them by introducing probiotics (益生菌) to the digestive system through foods and supplements.”
32.What conclusion do microbiologists probably draw about gut microbes
A.They are crucial to humans’ health.
B.They can easily adapt to new hosts.
C.They encourage the growth of disease-causing bacteria.
D.They vary greatly from individual to individual.
33.What do Andrew Moeller's follow-up studies imply
A.Humans need fewer gut microbes to digest than other primates.
B.The variety of human gut microbes has reduced greatly.
C.Human gut microbes are very similar to those in monkeys.
D.The presence of gut microbes accelerates the evolution of humans.
34.What does Reshmi Upreti suggest
A.Ignoring the loss of microbes.
B.Recognizing the lost microbes.
C.Regaining the lost microbes through balanced diets.
D.Recovering the lost microbes with the help of probiotics.
35.What would be the best title for the text
A.The importance of Microbiome to Primates
B.The Wide Diversity of Human Microbiome
C.The Loss of Gut Bacteria in Modern Humans
D.The Number of Gut Bacteria in Different Species
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微生物学家通过对肠道菌群的研究发现，人类在进化过程中，肠道微生物的种类减少了很多，并在最后提出，如果确定失去的菌群如果有益健康，就要想办法恢复他们。
【小题1】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句"The more microbiologists study these gut microbes， the more they link the bacteria to functions of their hosts.In humans,gut bacteria influence how the body responds to disease-causing bacteria, or interact with the brain, affecting the mood.（微生物学家对这些肠道微生物研究得越多，就越能将细菌与宿主的功能联系起来。在人类中，肠道细菌会影响身体对致病细菌的反应，或与大脑相互作用，影响情绪。）可知，微生物学家通过研究，认为肠道微生物群对人类健康至关重要。故选A项。
【小题2】推理判断题。根据第二段“But his follow-up studies indicate the human gut microbiome has changed greatly， compared with our current primate cousins. He found 85 microbial varieties in the guts of wild monkeys, but just 55 in people in US cities. Besides, people in less developed parts of the world have between 60 and 65of those bacterial groups.（但他的后续研究表明，与我们目前的灵长类近亲相比，人类肠道微生物群发生了巨大变化。他在野生猴子的肠道中发现了85种微生物，但在美国城市居民的肠道中只有55种。此外，世界上欠发达地区的人有60到65个这样的细菌群！"可以推断，人类在进化过程中，肠道微生物的种类减少了很多。故选B项。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据最后一段""If we determine that these groups were providing important functions to keep humans healthy，"Upreti says，"perhaps we can restore them by introducing probiotics（益生菌）to the digestive system through foods and supplements：？（“如果我们确定这些菌群为保持人类健康提供了重要功能，”乌普雷蒂说，“也许我们可以通过食物和补充剂向消化系统引入益生菌来恢复它们""可知，Upreti建议，确定失去的那些菌群对人类健康有益，那就借助益生菌来恢复它们，restore与recover意思相近，意为“使恢复”。故选D项。
【小题4】主旨大意题。根据第一段"The more microbiologists study these gut microbes， the more they link the bacteria to functions of their hosts.（微生物学家对这些肠道微生物研究得越多，就越能将细菌与宿主的功能联系起来）”及第二段“But his follow-up studies indicate the human gut microbiome has changed greatly,compared with our current primate cousins. He found 85 microbial varieties in the guts of wild monkeys，but just 55 in people in US cities.（但他的后续研究表明，与我们目前的灵长类近亲相比，人类肠道微生物群发生了巨大变化。他在野生猴子的肠道中发现了85种微生物，但在美国城市居民的肠道中只有55种："可知，文章主要讲述了微生物学家通过对肠道菌群的研究发现，人类在进化过程中，肠道微生物的种类减少了很多，并在最后提出，如果确定失去的菌群如果有益健康，就要想办法恢复他们，C项"现代人类肠道细菌的流失"符合句意。故选C项。
3.湖南省长沙英才大联考雅礼中学2023届高三月考试卷（四）
When answering a question, your silence might say more than your words. A new psychology study has found pausing before replying, even for just a few seconds, can make you seem more insincere or dishonest. That perception （感知）of dishonesty might not be too inaccurate, either. Numerous studies in the lab and in real life suggest people are slower to respond when they are not being truthful, possibly because it takes more mental work to block a truthful response or fabricate（编造）an alternative.
What's been less clear is how well our lies have been fooling people. Some studies suggest delayed answers come across as insincere to the listener. Others find no relationship between the two, and still more have found the opposite: That a bit of hesitation increases our perception of sincerity. These findings are inconsistent and confusing. They are also mostly based on correlations. Even the few studies that have actually looked at causal relationships often didn't consider confusing factors that could also give away a liar or an insincere speaker.
The new research seeks to improve some of those limitations by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions. Together, it involves more than 7, 500 individuals from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France in a total of 14 experiments. On the whole, the authors found an immediate response was perceived as more sincere, while a delayed response, even a delay as brief as two seconds, was seen as more insincere.
“Evaluating other people's sincerity is an important part of social interactions, " says consumer behaviour researcher Ignazio Ziano. "It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was misattributed to thought suppression（抑制）or answer fabrication when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful, " explains Ziano.
Unfortunately, even when participants were instructed to ignore the response delays in one of the experiments, it only reduced their perception of insincerity; it did not completely remove it.
28. What can we infer from the first paragraph
A. The impression of dishonesty isn't always accurate.
B. Quicker replies to questions make you seem reliable.
C. Preparing a truthful response needs more mental work.
D. The perception of dishonesty depends on your silence.
29. According to paragraph 3, how do researchers carry out their research
A. By analyzing the circumstances of the responses involved.
B. By investigating thousands of people in various situations.
C. By collecting data from the database from a new research.
D. By studying the findings of several previous research projects.
30. Why does Ziano say it is unfair for the responder in paragraph 4
A. Because the response delay should be ignored.
B. Because a real criminal could escape secretly.
C. Because the responder may be judged wrongly.
D. Because the findings of the studies are incorrect.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Think Twice Before You Answer
B. Your Silence Is Better Than Words
C. A Slower Response Makes You Seem Insincere
D. Do Not Judge a Person Only From What He Said
【语篇导读】本文是一篇科教类说明文，主要讲的是一项新的心理学研究发现，在回答之前停顿一下，即使只有几秒钟，也会让你看起来更不真诚或不诚实。
28.B。推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，这种对不诚实的看法可能不是不太准确，实验室和现实生活中的大 量研究表明，当人们不诚实的时候,他们的反应速度较慢，故选B。
29. B。 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“...by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions...”可知，研究人员通过在各种条件下调査成千上万的人进行研究，故选B。
30.C。推理判断题。根据第四段可知，这对回应者来说是不公平的,例如一个犯罪嫌疑人，如果他反应延迟被错误地 归因于思维抑制或捏造答案，而实际上是由另一个因素引起的，例如仅仅是分心或是想问题。在这样情形下，回答 者或许被误判。故选C。
31.C。主旨大意题。本文是一篇科学研究的说明文。研究者认为:在回答别人的提问时，你回答的速度较慢就会使得 对方对你的诚实程度产生质疑。故选C。
4.2023届广东省广州市高三上学期调研测试（一模）英语试题
Our planet quakes thousands of times a year,but we still can't predict exactly when and where earthquakes will strike. What if animals' odd behavior could warn us
Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre-quake abnormal animal behaviors,but more were just anecdotes.Geologist Jim Berkland counted newspaper ads looking for runaway cats and dogs. On October 13.1989.he told a newspaper reporter a big quake would strike in a week.Four days later,the Loma Prieta mega-quake hit! But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory.He didn't document every prediction,so nobody could measure his accuracy rate.
Actual scientific evidence has to be repeatable.And a connection between a cause and an effect has to be shown to be stronger than random chance through careful experimentation and data collection. California researchers in the 1970s happened to have built controlled habitats to monitor the wheel-running activity of pocket mice.These habitats happened to be in an active earthquake area.Then the 1971 San Fernando earthquake struck nearby. The researchers checked their data and found no big changes in how long the animals ran in their wheels or stayed underground before the earthquake activity. What might the next experiment show
Researchers from 150 universities worldwide are working on a new study called the ICARUS project. The project tracks many small animal species such as birds, bats, and turtles for the purpose of scientific research. One group of researchers is looking for possible connections between animal behavior and earthquakes. If they find a reliable connection, this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives.ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety.
However, not everyone is hopeful. Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some "cool things," but she knows animal behavior is hard to pin down."My cat could act crazy before an earthquake," she says. "But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener"
1.What does the underlined word "anecdotes"mean in paragraph 2
A. Real-life news stories.
B.Random individual studies.
C. Repeated scientific reports.
D. Unproved personal accounts.
2.Why was Berkland's theory rejected by the scientific community
A. He used unreliable data from newspaper ads.
B. His document wasn't consistent with his theory.
C. His study didn't include enough animal samples.
D. He failed to prove the accuracy of his predictions.
3. What is the ultimate goal of the ICARUS project
A. To provide accurate pre-quake warnings.
B. To develop an app to call for help during quakes.
C. To seek worldwide cooperations in quake prediction.
D. To find connections between animal behaviors and quakes.
4.What is Wendy Bohon's attitude towards the ICARUS project
A. Disapproving. B.Doubtful C. Intolerant. D. Unclear
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对地震前动物异常行为的研究，希望提供准确的震前预警。
【小题1】D 词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句"Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre-quake abnormal animal behaviors，（研究人员查阅了数百份关于地震前动物异常行为的报告，）"和转折词but可知，这些地震前动物异常行为的报告是传闻，即未经证实的报告。故选D。
【小题2】D 细节理解题。根据第二段"But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory. He didn't document every prediction，so nobody could measure his accuracy rate.（但是科学界仍然拒绝接受伯克兰的理论。他没有记录每一个预测，所以没有人能衡量他的准确率。）"可知，伯克兰的理论被科学界拒绝，是因为他没能证明自己预测的准确性。故选D。
【小题3】A 细节理解题。根据第四段"One group of researchers is looking for possible connections between animal behavior and earthquakes. If they find a reliable connection, this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives. ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety.（一组研究人员正在寻找动物行为和地震之间的可能联系。如果他们找到可靠的联系，这将挽救成千上万人的生命。ICARUS旨在为一款应用程序提供动力，让人们在几小时内到达安全地带。）"可知，ICARUS项目的最终目标是提供准确的震前预警。故选A。
【小题4】B.推理判断题。根据最后一段"However，not everyone is hopeful. Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some "cool things,"but she knows animal behavior is hard to pin down."My cat could act crazy before an earthquake,"she says."But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener."（然而，并非所有人都抱有希望。地质学家温迪·博汉说，ICARUS正在做一些"很酷的事情"，但她知道动物行为很难确定。"我的猫在地震前会表现得很疯狂，"她说。"但如果有人用开罐器，也会显得很寂狂。"）"可推断，温迪·博汉对ICARUS项目表示怀疑。故选B。
5.湖南省长沙英才大联考雅礼中学2023届高三月考试卷（四）
Children of all ages gathered in New York City recently for the International Toy Fair. Hidden among already popular toys were new, high-tech educational products.
Educational products are important to the toy industry. In recent years, parents have shown an interest in STEM-related toys-ones that help teach Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Now, toymakers are working to create products for improving a child's emotional intelligence. These toys reportedly not only help raise intelligence in children, but also their emotional quotient, or panies showed off their products last week at New York's Jacob Javitz Convention Center.
PlelQ is a set of plastic toy blocks. It uses augmented reality （增强现实） technology to teach words, numbers and other things. Edison Durán directs the company that makes PleIQ. She showed people at the toy fair how virtual images appear on the blocks when they are held in front of a tablet camera. Intelligence includes intrapersonal skills- processing information within one's mind-and interpersonal skills, or dealing with other people. Durán said PleIQ builds on both by having children act as teacher or guide to a companion character.
On the other side of the convention center, Karen Hu demonstrated an educational robot called Woobo. Hu asked the hairy green robot: "Hi, what's your name " With a childlike voice, the toy answered, "Are you trying to trick me My name is Woobo. " The robot comes programmed with educational games and activities. Children use its touchscreen face to get them started. Toys that work as companions also aid in social development. Hu described how the robot can help a child who has autism （自闭症）.
"He can communicate with Woobo and he can follow some of the instruction Woobo is giving because he thinks of this as a companion instead of a parent or someone else telling him to certain things. "
A more low-tech companion is a toy animal called Manimo. The manufacturer says this toy can help reduce hyperactivity in children and improve their ability to pay attention to a subject. Whether it's a snake, dolphin or other animals, Manimos can be placed across a child's arm, chest or neck. Karine Gagner, president of Manimo, explained that adding deep pressure to one's body can help calm a child before bedtime.
It remains to be seen whether a game or toy can improve emotional intelligence. But toymakers are doing what they can to help parents in their efforts to raise well-rounded children.
32. According to the passage, why do toymakers focus on the creation of educational products
A. Because they are trying to meet parents' increasing needs.
B. Because they have advanced technology in toy industry.
C. Because the toys can increase children's intelligence and EQ.
D. Because the toys are helpful to those kids with special needs.
33. To which situation can intrapersonal skills be applied
A. Little Mike is trying his best to work out “2+3= ".
B. Kate is unwilling to make friends with those in her kindergarten.
C. A teacher instructs children to address maths problems.
D. A guide arranges for tourists to visit historic attractions.
34. What does the underlined word "hyperactivity" in paragraph 6 probably mean
A. The desire to play with toys.
B. The chance to get a companion.
C. The interest in other types of toys.
D. The difficulty in staying focused.
35. What's the author's attitude towards the toymakers
A. Skeptical. B. Neutral. C. Negative. D. Positive.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际玩具博览会的相关情况。不管玩具制造商正在制造什么玩具，但他们 要帮助父母努力提高孩子的全面发展。
A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Educational products are important to the toy industry. In recent years, parents have shown an interest in STEM-related toys—ones that help teach Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. ”可知，为了满足家长们对智力玩具的兴趣，很多的玩具制造商开始制造智力玩具。故选A。
33.A。 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“PlelQ is a set of plastic toy blocks. It uses augmented reality（增强现实） technology to teach words, numbers and other things - Intelligence includes intrapersonal skills—processing information within one's mind—and interpersonal skills, or dealing with other people."可知，所谓的"intrapersonal skills”是“内在协同能力”，也就是“内在信息处理能力w；"interpersonal skills"指的是人们处理相互间关系的能力。 故选A。
34. D。 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“A more low-tech companion is a toy animal called Manimo. The manufacturer says this toy can help reduce hyperactivity in children and improve their ability to pay attention to a subject.”可知这种玩具能够提高他们集中注意力的能力，即减少孩子注意力不集中的困难。故选D。
35. D。 推理判断题。根据最后_段（＜It remains to be seen whether a game or toy can improve emotional intelligence. But toymakers are doing what they can to help parents in their efforts to raise well-rounded children."可知，玩具制 造商正在努力通过自己制造的玩具来帮助父母提高孩子的全面发展,所以作者对玩具制造商持肯定态度，故选D。
6.2023届河北省沧州市普通高中高三年级摸底考试英语试卷
You probably like blue, and you're not alone. Across the globe, a majority of people tend to select blue as their favourite colour. A new study from University of Wisconsin found that not only do we adore blue, but we start to give meaning to colours as we age.
During the study conducted by psychology professor Karen Schloss at the University of Wisconsin in 2019,the researchers investigated the science of how different people perceive colour. They noted that subjects with a preference for a sports team found their favourite team's colours more favourable. The more they valued their team, the more they favoured the specific colour."It tells us that our experiences with the world are constantly influencing the way we view colour,"Schloss says.
So, why does blue dominate lists of favourites From previous surveys the researchers found that blue has been a favourite colour. Even the earliest-recorded colour studies from the 180Os show that blue is universally loved,due at least in part to our fondness for blues in nature.Many colours in nature that we love are blue,especially a blue sky, the sea and many flowers. A blue sky is enough to make many people very happy. It's possible then, that blue offer plenty of positive experiences,which we unconsciously link to our favourite colour.
But blue isn't the only attention-grabbing colour. The other finding of the research was that our colour interests change as we gain new experiences. The younger you are.for instance,the more likely you are to enjoy a brighter colour. As you age, you're more likely to take on darker colours as your favourites; younger women, according to the researchers, tend to enjoy purples and reds, while younger men may lean toward green or yellow-green. The studies showed that dark yellowish-brown was the world's least liked colour.
Simply put,the things we enjoy most in our lives will drive our colour preferences.
1.What does the underlined word"It"refer to in paragraph 2
A. The specific sports team.
B. A subject's personality.
C.People's preference of a colour.
D. The feature of colours.
2.What do the early colour studies tell us
A. Human beings are fully linked to nature.
B. Our preference for blue is longstanding.
C. It's a coincidence that blue is our favourite.
D. Blue is associated to the sky and the sea.
3. What was the second finding of the research
A. Our colour preferences may shift over time.
B. We may prefer brighter colours as we age.
C. We tend to stick with just one colour in our lives.
D. Blue is a top choice for favourite colour in the world.
4. What can be concluded from the text
A. Older people can understand the colours better.
B. More mysteries remain to be seen about colour.
C. Colour preferences change our view of the world.
D. Colour preferences are shaped by our experiences.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现，人们对颜色的偏爱随时间而变化，并且与我们的经历相关。
【小题1】C. 词义猜测题。根据第二段 "During the study conducted by psychology professor Karen Schloss at the University of Wisconsin in 2019,the researchers investigated the science of how different people perceive colour. They noted that subjects with a preference for a sports team found their favourite team's colours more favourable. The more they valued their team, the more they favoured the specific colour."（威斯康星大学心理学教授凯伦·施洛斯2019年进行的一项研究中，研究人员调查了不同人如何感知颜色的科学。他们注意到，对运动队有偏好的受试者发现他们最喜欢的运动队的颜色更受欢迎。他们越看重自己的团队，就越喜欢特定的颜色。）"可知，研究人员对不同的人如何感知颜色进行了科学调查。画线单词所在句陈述结论"It tells us that our experiences with the world are constantly influencing the way we view colour（它告诉我们，我们与世界的经历不断地影响着我们看待颜色的方式）”可知，这里的it代指“人们对颜色的偏好度”。故选C。
【小题2】 B.推理判断题。根据第三段“From previous surveys the researchers found that blue has been a favourite colour. Even the earliest-recorded colour studies from the 1800s show that blue is universally loved, due at least in part to our fondness for blues in nature. （从之前的调查中，研究人员发现蓝色一直是人们最喜欢的颜色。即使是19世纪最早记录的色彩研究也表明，蓝色受到普遍喜爱，至少部分原因是我们喜欢大自然中的蓝色。）"并结合前文可知，之前的调查中，研究人员发现蓝色一直是人们最喜欢的颜色。由此推断，从早期的颜色研究中我们可以发现：我们对蓝色的偏爱由来已久。故选B。
【小题3】 A. 细节理解题。根据第四段"The other finding of the research was that our colour interests change as we gain new experiences. The younger you are, for instance, the more likely you are to enjoy a brighter colour. As you age, you're more likely to take on darker colours as your favourites该研究的另一个发现是，当我们获得新的经验时，我们对颜色的兴趣也会发生变化。例如，你越年轻，你就越有可能喜欢鲜艳的颜色。随着年龄的增长，你更有可能选择深色作为自己的最爱！"可知，这项研究的第二个发现是我们对颜色的偏好可能会随着时间的推移而改变。故选A。
【小题4】 D.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Simply put，the things we enjoy most in our lives will drive our colour preferences.（简单地说，我们生活中最喜欢的东西会影响我们对颜色的偏好。）"可推断，我们对颜色的偏爱是由我们的经历体验决定的。故选D.
7.2023届广东省茂名高州市高三第一次模拟考试题
Osa is an athletic yet stubborn 62-pound German shepherd（德国牧羊犬）.The six-year-old dog has mastered the art of sniffing（嗅） out cancer and is key to a research project that has the potential to change oncology（肿瘤学）.
Osa is part of an ambitious effort launched five years ago at the University of Pennsylvania that aims to develop one of the most powerful scent-detection machines in the world: the canine nose. She is able to distinguish between blood samples taken from cancer patients and their healthy peers simply by sniffing them.
In fact,Osa is one of five cancer-detection dogs trained by Annmarie DeAngelo and her co-workers at the university's Penn Vet Working Dog Center. The most important goal is to develop an "electronic sniffer"that can approach the cancer-sniffing superpowers of Osa and her partners. Osa arrived at the Penn Vet Working Dog Center from a breeder at two months of age. Ever since, she has taken training. The process is demanding, challenging and repeated until the dog has mastered the most essential task of all.Finally,she has succeeded in sniffing out cancer.To transform Osa's remarkable abilities into an electronic nose, researchers use a similar approach to train the machine.
An electronic nose prototype（雏形）has been built，and it's successful in sniffing out cancer 90 to 95 per cent of the time.That team has also correctly detected different types of cancer, and is building a cancer-detecting device for the National Institutes of Health. One objective is to be able to distinguish between early-and late-stage cancer."It would be incredible to identify people at an early stage and really have an impact on saving lives,"says a researcher. "The dogs have been able to detect that. With that ability, a blood test could be sent to a central lab,or ideally performed in a doctor's office, making some hidden cancers a thing of the past. We expect that the cancer-sniffer device will be complete in a short time."
1.What can we learn about Osa from the first two paragraphs
A.She used to be a strong German dog.
B.She was hard to deal with in the research.
C.She uses her nose to know the presence of cancer.
D. She can change the development of the oncology.
2. Which word can best describe the training Osa received
A. Strict. B.Complex. C. Unstable. D.Endless.
3. What can we infer from the researcher's words in the last paragraph
A. Blood tests will be more difficult in the future.
B. There will be more dogs used for detecting cancer.
C. Distinguishing cancers is important in early experiments.
D. Hidden cancers may be detected by an electronic nose soon.
4. What is the most suitable title for the text
A. The Results of a Study on Special Dogs
B. The Importance of Dogs in Detecting Cancers
C. The Approaches to Distinguishing Cancers
D. The Problem of Having a Cancer Blood Test
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员通过训练使得五只狗可以利用嗅觉提前发现癌症，这为电子嗅探器的完成奠定了基础。
【小题1】C. 细节理解题。根据第一段中"The six-year-old dog has mastered the art of sniffing（嗅）out cancer（这只六岁的狗已经掌握了嗅出癌症的本领）"以及第二段中"She is able to distinguish between blood samples taken from cancer patients and their healthy peers simply by sniffing them.（她只需嗅一嗅，就能区分癌症患者和健康同龄人的血液样本）"可知，Osa用鼻子来知晓癌症的存在。故选C项。
【小题2】A.推理判断题。根据第三段中"Ever since，she has taken training. The process is demanding， challenging and repeated until the dog has mastered the most essential task of all.（从那以后，她—直在接受训练。这个过程要求很高，很有挑战性，而且反复进行，直到狗掌握了最基本的任务）"可知，该训练非常严格。故选A项。
【小题3】 D.推理判断题。根据第四段中"It would be incredible to identify people at an early stage and really have an impact on saving lives,'says a researcher.'The dogs have been able to detect that.With that ability, a blood test could be sent to a central lab, or ideally performed in a doctor's office,making some hidden cancers a thing of the past. We expect that the cancer-sniffer device will be complete in a short time.（一位研究人员表示： 在早期阶段就识别出对挽救生命有影响的人，这将是难以置信的。狗已经能够检测到这一点。有了这种能力，血液检测可以被送到中央实验室，或者最好在医生的办公室进行，让一些秘藏的癌症成为过去。我们预计癌症嗅探器设备将在短时间内完成。1）"可知，研究人员已确定拘经训练后具备知晓德症的能力，这种能力可以使一些隐藏的癌症成为过去，并预计癌症嗅探器将很快完成。从而可推断出，一些隐藏的癌症可能很快可以通过电子鼻被发现，故选D项.
【小题4】 B.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"Osa is part of an ambitious effort launched five years ago at the University of Pennsylvania that aims to develop one of the most powerful scent-detection machines in the world: the canine nose. She is able to distinguish between blood samples taken from cancer patients and their healthy peers simply by sniffing them.Osa是五年前宾夕法尼亚大学发起的一项雄心勃勃的计划的一部分，该计划旨在开发世界上最强大的气味检测机器之一：犬典。她只需嗅一嗅，就能区分癌症患者和健康同龄人的血液样本"以及上下文可知，文章主要介绍了研究者通过训练使得狗能够通过嗅觉区分癌症患者与正常人体的血液样本，以此判断病人是否患有癌症，这将为癌症嗅探器的完成提供了很大帮助。从而可知，本文主要在说明拘在检测癌症中所起的重要作用。故选B项。
8.2023届山东省枣庄市高三第三次调研考试卷
A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate（授粉）coffee plants.
Without these winged helpers,some traveling thousands of miles,coffee farmers would see a 25% drop in crops, a loss of roughly $1,066 per acre of coffee.That's important for the $26billion coffee industry——including consumers,farmers,and corporations who depend on nature's unpaid labor—but the research goes beyond that.
The study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is the first to show, using real-world experiments at 30 coffee farms.that the contributions of nature——in this case，bee pollination combined with pest（害虫）control by birds-are larger than their individual contributions.
"Until now, researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately, and then simply added them up,which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human wellbeing," says lead expert Alejandra."But nature is an interacting system,full of important synergies（协同）.We show the ecological and economic importance of these interactions in one of the first experiments in actual farms."
For the experiment,researchers dealt with coffee plants across 30 farms, excluding birds and bees with a combination of large nets and small bags. They tested four key situations: bird activity alone, bee activity alone, no bird or bee activity at all, and finally, a natural environment, where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer, one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide. The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set, fruit weight and fruit uniformity ——key factors in quality and price——were greater than their individual effects, the study shows.
"Birds, bees, and millions of other species support our lives and livelihoods, but face threats like habitat destruction and climate change," says Alejandra. "One important reason we measure these contributions is to help protect the many species that we depend on, and sometimes take for granted."
1.What does the new research focus on
A.Ways to increase coffee production.
B.Winged helpers' effects on coffee plants.
C. Factors affecting coffee plants' pollination.
D. The importance of pest control on coffee plants.
2. Which of the following is a major boost to the coffee industry
A. High-quality service.
B. Government intervention.
C. Expanding investment.
D. Maintaining biodiversity.
3.How did the researchers conduct the tests according to paragraph 5
A. By introducing a concept.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By explaining statistical data.
D. By referring to a previous study.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Advertisement. B.Health. C. Science. D. Travel.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项突破性的新研究发现，当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富。
【小题1】 B 细节理解题。根据第二段"Without these winged helpers， some traveling thousands of miles， coffee farmers would see a 25%drop in crops,a loss of roughly $1,066 per acre of coffee.That's important for the $26 billion coffee industry——including consumers, farmers， and corporations who depend on nature's unpaid labor—but the research goes beyond that.（如果没有这些带翅膀的帮手，有些需要长途跋涉数千英里，咖啡农的收成将下降25%，每英亩咖啡的损失约为1066美元。这对价值260亿美元的咖啡产业来说很重要——包括依赖大自然无偿劳动的消费者、农民和企业——但研究的范围不止于此）"可知，新研究关注的是长翅膀的帮手对咖啡树的影响。故选B。
【小题2】D. 细节理解题。根据第四段""Until now，researchers have typically calculated the benefits of nature separately， and then simply added them up, which actually underestimates the benefits biodiversity provides to agriculture and human wellbeing," says lead expert Alejandra.（"到目前为止，研究人员通常单独计算自然的好处，然后简单地把它们加起来，这实际上低估了生物多样性对农业和人类福祉的好处，"首席专家Alejandra说）"可知，维护生物多样性是对咖啡产业的重大推动。故选D。
【小题3】 B.推理判断题。根据第五段"They tested four key situations: bird activity alone, bee activity alone, no bird or bee activity at all, and finally, a natural environment, where bees and birds were free to pollinate and eat insects like the coffee berry borer, one of the most damaging pests affecting coffee production worldwide. The combined positive effects of birds and bees on fruit set,fruit weight and fruit uniformity——key factors in quality and price——were greater than their individual effects，the study shows.（他们测试了四种关键情况：只有鸟的活动，只有蜜蜂的活动，没有鸟或蜜蜂的活动，最后，一个自然环境，蜜蜂和鸟类可以自由授粉和吃昆虫，比如咖啡浆果蛀虫，这是影响全球咖啡生产的最具破坏性的害虫之一。研究显示，鸟类和蜜蜂对坐果率、果实重量和果实均匀度的综合积极影响－这些都是影响质量和价格的关键因素）"可知，研究人员通过对比进行测试的。故选B。
【小题4】C. 推理判断题。根据第一段"A groundbreaking new study finds that coffee beans are bigger and more plentiful when birds and bees team up to protect and pollinate（授粉）coffee plants.（一项突破性的新研究发现，当鸟类和蜜蜂合作保护咖啡树并为其授粉时，咖啡豆会更大、更丰富）"可知，这是一篇新研究。由此推知，文章也许选自报纸的科学版面。故选C。
9.2023届浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期12 月教学测试英语试题（一模）
In this period of anxiety about the size of our waists and what we consume,simple dietary rules are appealing."Eat like our ancestors"is a particularly catchy slogan（口号）to live by.
But who are these ancestors we are supposed to follow Are they our great-great-grandparents,
cooking healthy things Or are they hairy animals we imagine "cavemen"to be The popular ancient diet blames modern health problems on the birth of agriculture,claiming that we should stick to eating meat, nuts and berries.
This kind of stone age trend is based on the false assumption that palaeolithic（旧石器时代的）peoples all ate the same food，regardless of their location. Nevertheless, England's 9,000-year-old Cheddar Man would not have eaten the same foods as his contemporaries on the Kenyan plain. The amount of meat peoples ate,and how much was obtained by hunting, are also up for debate.
Moreover,the stone age trend is focused on what's perceived to be good for our bodies, without any concern for the rest of nature,including other humans whose livelihoods are threatened by western overconsumption. Were I to eat like my Punjabi farming great-grandparents, my diet would be based on the wheat and milk products that people in the Punjab have relied on for probably at least the last two thousand years.But delicious and "original"as it might be for me to follow its lead, the morals of industrially farmed milk products in the 21st century make the situation more confusing and complicated.
Now, probably more than ever before, what we eat connects us to the fate of other beings, human and non-human, and to the fate of our planet. A dogmatic（武断的）approach to this would be a mistake.Better to preserve what's worth keeping and remain clear-eyed about our cooking past，much of which is unknowable,immoral and impossible to follow in any case.
1.What does the text concern
A.An ancient study. B. An immoral case.
C. A balanced diet. D. A popular belief.
2.Why does the author mention Cheddar Man in paragraph 3
A. To illustrate an opinion. B. To present a fact.
C. To clarify a concept. D. To introduce a theory.
3. What does the author focus on in paragraph 4
A. The eating behavior of our great-grandparents.
B. The connection between food choice and nature.
C. The relationship among eating,hunting and farming.
D. The impact of food overconsumption on the environment.
4. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Punjabi diet:popular again
B. Should we eat like our ancestors
C. Is the fate of the planet in our hands
D. Our cooking past:a complicated history
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了从石器时代到现代等不同时期人类的饮食选择的见解与看法，说明我们最好保留值得保留的东西，并对我们的饮食历史保持清醒的认识。
【小题1】 D. 细节理解题。根据第一段"In this period of anxiety about the size of our waists and what we consume，simple dietary rules are appealing."Eat like our ancestors"is a particularly catchy slogan（口号）to live by.（在这个对腰围大小和消费的东西感到焦虑的时期，简单的饮食规则很有吸引力。"像我们的祖先一样吃饭"是一个特别吸引人的口号。）"可知，在现代，简单的饮食规则很有吸引力，现在最受欢迎的口号是"像我们祖先那样吃饭"，从而引出本文的话题。由此可知本文关注的话题为一种受欢迎的信念。故选D项。
【小题2】 A. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Nevertheless，England's 9，000-year-old Cheddar Man would not have eaten the same foods as his contemporaries on the Kenyan plain.（然而，拥有9000年历史的英格兰切达人不会吃与他在肯尼亚平原上的同时代人相同的食物。）"讲述的是英国九千年前的Cheddar Man吃的食物与肯尼亚平原上的同时代人不同，由此可知，此处阐述的是一种观点和看法。故选A项。
【小题3】 B.主旨大意题。分析段落的结构可知，第四段中的首句"Moreover，the stone age trend is focused on what's perceived to be good for our bodies, without any concern for the rest of nature, including other humans whose livelihoods are threatened by western overconsumption.（此外，石器时代的趋势集中在被认为对我们身体有益的东西上，而不关心自然界的其他部分，包括其他生计受到西方过度消费威胁的人。）"是本段的主题句，此段讲述的是石器时代人们选择的是我们认为对我们身体有益的东西，根本不考虑大自然的其他方面。由此可知，该段分析的是石器时代人们对食物的选择与大自然的关系。故选B项。
【小题4】B. 主旨大意题。根据首段中的""Eat like our ancestors"is a particularly catchy slogan （口号） to live by.（"像我们的祖先一样吃饭"是一个特别吸引人的口号。）"引出本文讲述的话题，接下来文章又分析不同时代的人们对饮食观点和看法，再结合文章属段中的"Better to preserve what's worth keeping and remain clear-eyed about our cooking past， much of which is unknowable， immoral and impossible to follow in any case.（最好保留值得保留的东西，并对我们的烹饪历史保持清醒，其中大部分是不可知的，不道德的，无论如何都不可能遵循的。）"可知，我们在对食物作出选择的时候要保持清醒的头脑，不能一味地跟随以前的消费想法综合以上分析，该段的标题可以为“我们要不要像我们的祖先那样消费？”故选B项。
10.2023届上海市嘉定区高三上学期一模英语试题
Catherine Garland, a physics professor, started seeing "the problem"in 2019. She'd laid out the assignment clearly during an engineering course, but student after student was calling her over for help.They were all getting the same error message: The program couldn't find their files.
Garland thought it would be an easy fix. She asked each student where they had saved their project."Could they be on the desktop Perhaps in the
Documents folder "But over and over,she was met with confusion."What are you talking about "multiple students inquired. Gradually, Garland came to the realization: the concept of file folders and directories, essential to previous generations, understanding of computers,is gibberish to many modern students.
Garland's mental model is commonly known as "directory structure"，the hierarchical system（层级体系）of folders used to arrange files. What have caused the mental model to change It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like OneDrive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces. It could also have to do with the other apps they're accustomed to."When I want to scroll （滚屏） over to Snapchat, Twitter, they're not in any particular order, but I know exactly where they are," says Vogel, who is a devoted iPhone user. Some of it boils down to muscle memory.
It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function, young people have never needed folders or directories. The first internet search engines were used around 1990, but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s.While many of today's professors grew up without search functions,today's students increasingly don't remember a world without them.
Some may blame the generational incompetence.An international study claimed that only 2 percent of Generation Z(born from 1997 onwards)had achieved the "digital native"level of computer literacy. But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills. but rather that they're learning different ones. Garland. for all her knowledge of directory structure, doesn't understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. "They use computers one way, and we use computers another way,"Garland emphasizes."That's where the problem lies."
1.The word "gibberish" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.
A. common B. accessible C. nonsense D.fundamental
2.What can be concluded from paragraph 3 and 4
A. There is no search function in the directory structure.
B. College professors have weaker muscles than students do.
C. Modern students like to store documents in physical drives.
D. The change in mental models reflects the progress in technology.
3.By mentioning Garland's and Vogel's stories,the author__________.
A. highlights the different mindsets of two generations
B. criticizes modern students' overuse of online apps
C. shows the difficulty of teaching today's students
D. calls on a change in the education of physics
4.According to the passage,what can best address"the problem"mentioned at the beginning and the ending
A. Teaching students directory structure.
B. Improving generational understanding.
C. Enhancing Generation Z's digital skills.
D. Urging teachers to learn search functions.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍几代人之间在数字技术上相互不理解是因为了解电脑的方式不同，进而产生的不同的思维模式，解决这个问题的办法是增进代际理解。
【小题1】C.词句猜测题。根据第二段的"She asked each student where they had saved their project."Could they be on the desktop？Perhaps in the Documents folder "But over and over,she was met with confusion."What are you talking about "multiple students inquired.（她问每个学生他们把项目保存在哪里。"它们可能在桌面上吗？可能在Documents文件夹中？"但一次又一次，她遇到了困惑。"你在说什么？"许多学生问）"可知，学生们不理解Garland所说的desktop或者Documents folder。由此可知，Garland意识到对前几代人来说理解计算机必不可少的文件夹和目录概念，对许多现代学生来说是毫无意义的。即gbberish意为"毫无意义的话"，与nonsense同义。故选C。
【小题2】D.推理判断题。根据第三段的"What have caused the mental model to change？ It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like OneDrive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces.It could also have to do with the other apps they're accustomed to.（是什么导致了思维模式的改变？有可能许多学生在高中时期将文件存储在OneDrive 和Dropbox这样的云存储中，而不是在物理空间中。这也可能与他们习惯使用的其他应用程序有关）"和第四段"It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function, young people have never needed folders or directories. The first internet search engines were used around 1990， but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s.（也可能是在每个用户界面都包含搜索功能的时代，年轻人从来不需要文件夹或目录。第一个互联网搜索引擎是在1990年左右使用的，但像Windows搜索这样的功能是21世纪初的产品）"推知，思维模式的改变反映了科技的进步。故选D。
【小题3】A.推理判断题。根据第三段的"Garland's mental model is commonly known as "directory structure"， the hierarchical system （层级体系）of folders used to arrange files.（Garland的思维模式通常被称为"目录结构"，即用于排列文件的文件夹的分层系统）"和"Some of it boils down to muscle memory.（有些可以归结为肌肉记忆）"推知，作者提到Garland和Voge的故事，是为了强调两代人之间不同的思维模式。故选A。
【小题4】B.推理判断题。根据最后一段的"But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills，but rather that they're learning different ones. Garland, for all her knowledge of directory structure, doesn't understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. "They use computers one way, and we use computers another way," Garland emphasizes."That's where the problem lies."（但问题可能不在于现代学生学习的数字技能越来越少，而在于他们学习的数字技能有所不同。尽管Garland对目录结构很了解，但她对Instagram的理解远不如她的学生。Garland强调："他们使用电脑的方式是一种，而我们使用电脑的方式是另一种。""这就是问题所在。"）"推知，解决问题的最好方法是增进代际理解。故选B。
11.江苏省南师附中、海安中学等四校2022-2023学年高三12月联考英语测试题
A robotic game of cat and mouse playing out in a lab provides a peek at future possibilities of robots carrying out search-and-rescue missions or wildlife surveys without much human guidance.
The Tianjicat robot developed by researchers at Tsihgftua University in China uses a brain-inspired computing chip called TianjicX.The so-called neuromorphic（神经形态的）chip can run multiple artificial intelligence techniques at once in an energy-efficient manner. It is one example of experiments with neuromorphic systems that could allow small robots to make decisions using limited computing resources and power.
The researchers challenged the Tianjicat robot to chase another robot that was set to move randomly in a room filled with obstacles. This required
Tianjicat to track the mouse robot by using both visual recognition and sound detection, and to figure out the best path to chase down its pretend prey without crashing anything.The team says that the TianjicX chip reduced the amount of power required for the robot cat to make decisions during the chase by about half compared with an NVIDIA chip designed for AI computing.
Performing a cat-and-mouse chase would be a step up in difficulty for most commercialised robots,which usually follow very predictable routines in warehouses or factories.Many robots that interact with more complex and unpredictable environments rely on remote control by human operators, or else must maintain wireless connections with distant data centres that have the computing power necessary for more intensive decision-making.
Neuromorphic systems haven't yet been commercialised in a big way, but their relatively low size, weight and power requirements could provide practical advantages.
"For robotics, this is very important because it allows the system to operate for longer durations in hard-to-reach environments with greater autonomy."says Jeffrey Krichmar at the University of California, Irvine.
1.Why did researchers do the experiment in a room with obstacles
A.To apply visual recognition to Tianjicat.
B. To explore the best path for Tianjicat.
C. To test the integrated performance of Tianjicat chip.
D. To reduce the amount of power for Tianjicat.
2.What advantage does Tianjicat have over other commercialized robots
A. It follows predictable routines.
B. It can operate without humans involved.
C. It has access to distant data centers.
D. It is used in warehouses and factories more often.
3.Which of the following can best describe neuromorphic systems
A. User-friendly. B.Heavy to carry.
C. Energy-consuming. D. Complex to operate.
4. What is the passage mainly about
A. Search-and-Rescue missions.
B. Commercialized robots.
C. NVIDIA chips for AI computing.
D. A robot cat chasing a robot mouse.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了清华大学研发的一款名为Tunjcat的机器人，通过应用实验室里玩的猫和老鼠的机器人游戏测试Tinnjicat的多方面综合的能力，证明了未来机器人将不需要人工参与，进而可以执行搜索和救援任务或野生动物调查，有望实现商业化投入使用。
【小题1】C.细节理解题。根据第三段中“This required Tianjicat to track the mouse robot by using both visual recognition and sound detection， and to figure out the best path to chase down its pretend prey without crashing anything."（这就要求Tianjicat同时使用视觉识别和声音检测来跟踪鼠标机器人，并且找出最佳路径，在不撞毁任何东西的情况下追踪假想的错物。）可知设置障碍的主要目的就是测试Tianjicat的多方面综合的能力。故选C。
【小题2】B.推理判断题。根据第四段"Performing a cat-and-mouse chase would be a step up in difficulty for most commercialised robots, which usually follow very predictable routines in warehouses or factories. Many robots that interact with more complex and unpredictable environments rely on remote control by human operators, or else must maintain wireless connections with distant data centres that have the computing power necessary for more intensive decision-making.”（对于大多数商业化的机器人来说，进行猫捉老鼠的追逐将是一个难度上升的步骤，因为它们通常在仓库或工厂中遵循非常可预测的程序。许多与更复杂和不可预测的环境交互的机器人依赖于人类操作员的远程控制，或者必须与远程数据中心保持无线连接，这些数据中心具有进行更密集决策所必需的计算能力。）可知，大多数商业化的机器人依赖人工远程操作，或者需要数据中心提供数据。因此，可以推测Tianjicat的优势就是不需要人工参与运转。故选B。
【小题3】A. 细节理解题。结合第五段“Neuromorphic systems haven't yet been commercialised in a big way， but their relatively low size，weight and power requirements could provide practical advantages.”（神经形态系统尚未大规模商业化，但它们相对较低的体积、重量和功率要求可以提供实际的优势。）可知，神经形态系统目前没有商业化，但是小尺寸、低重量、低能耗都是实际使用的优势。选项B"搬起来很重"、选项C"耗能的"、选项D"操作复杂"均和段落含义完全相反，A项"用户友好的"符合题意。故选A。
【小题4】 D.主旨大意题。通读全文，根据文章第一段"A robotic game of cat and mouse playing out in a lab provides a peek at future possibilities of robots carrying out search-and-rescue missions or wildlife surveys without much human guidance.”（一个在实验室里玩的猫和老鼠的机器人游戏提供了一个未来机器人执行搜索和救援任务或野生动物调查的可能性，没有太多的人类指导。）而接下来文章提到清华大学研究人员研究出的机器人Tianjicat机器人则通过应用这种机器人游戏测试Timnjicat的多方面综合的能力，证明了未来机器人将不需要人工参与，进而可以执行搜索和救援任务或野生动物调查。因而文章主要讨论的是实验室的这种机器猫追逐机器老鼠游戏的意义。故选D。
12.浙江省金华第一中学等四校2022-2023年高三12月联考英语试卷
Five years ago. Meredith Arthur, a 45-year-old San Francisco resident,arrived at a neurologist appointment. She spoke a mile a minute, explaining why she thought it might hold clues to her neck pain, frequent dizziness and headaches.“I was presenting my inexpert case to an expert, who stopped me and said, “I know what's wrong.You have generalized anxiety disorder. ”
Arthur is one of the 40 million American adults who experience an anxiety disorder—the most common form of mental illness—every year. Its major factor is the uncertainty about situations in daily life.
"I describe anxiety as a future-oriented emotional response to a perceived threat,"says Joel Minden,PhD,a clinical psychologist."We anticipate that something bad will happen.Maybe we have evidence.Maybe we don't. But we have a belief that something catastrophic might occur."
Almost immediately,Minden says,your sympathetic nervous system kicks into high gear. This leads to the release of adrenaline and cortisol, two of the crucial hormones（荷尔蒙）that drive your body's fight-freeze-flight response and cause anxiety's physical symptoms. Your heart races， your blood pressure rises, your pupils dilate, you get short of breath.
Meanwhile，cortisol curbs functions that your brain considers non-essential: It affects immune system responses and suppresses （抑制） the digestive system,the reproductive system,and growth processes. This was helpful for our ancestors trying to outrun tigers but is not so much when you can't stop struggling with the problem whether you might have caught COVID-19 when the guy behind you in line at the grocery store coughed.
Anxiety can show itself in many ways.You might perceive something as threatening even when it isn't or go to great lengths to avoid uncomfortable situations. You might constantly overthink plans or spend all of your time creating solutions to worst-case scenarios. Maybe you feel indecisive and fear making the wrong decision. Or you might find yourself restless, nervous, and unable to relax.
The good news is that anxiety is very manageable with some combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments.
1.What does the underlined word "curbs"in paragraph 5 most probably mean
A. Activates B. restricts C. damages D. removes
2. What can you infer from the passage
A. Social factors are to blame for anxiety disorders.
B. Anxiety is the most common illness in the US.
C. Mental well-being has been Meredith Arthur's concern.
D. anxiety disorders can be controlled with certain treatments.
3.Which of the following is NOT the typical symptom of anxiety
A. Trying to find solutions to the worst situation from time to time.
B.Hesitating to make the final decision for fear of mistakes.
C. Heart racing and blood pressure rising at the imagined situation.
D. Feeling restless or nervous even when there's nothing threatening around.
4.What will the following part most probably talk about
A. The advance of science and technology.
B. The effects of the anxiety disorders.
C. Tips to minimize negative effects of anxiety.
D. The anticipation of Meredith Arthur.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了焦虑症的起因和症状表现。
【小题1】 B.词义猜测题。根据第五段划线单词后的部分“It affects immune system responses and suppresses（抑制）the digestive system， the reproductive system， and growth processes."（它会影响免疫系统的反应，抑制消化系统生殖系统和生长过程。）可知，皮质醇对这些功能是有抑制作用的，推断出curbs意为"抑制"，而restricts也翻译为"抑制"。故选B项。
【小题2】 D.细节理解题。根据最后一段"The good news is that anxiety is very manageable with some combination of medication. therapy，and lifestyle adjustments."（好消息是焦虑在结合医药，治疗和生活方式的调整下是可控制的。可知，焦虑通过各种方式的结合是可以控制的。故选D项。
【小题3】 C.推理判断题。根据第六段“You might perceive something as threatening even when it isn't or go to great lengths to avoid uncomfortable situations. You might constantly overthink plans or spend all of your time creating solutions to worst-case scenarios. Maybe you feel indecisive and fear making the wrong decision.”（你可能会把一些事情视作是威胁，尽管它并没有威胁或者竭尽全力避免不舒服的情况，你可能经常过度思考计划，或者把所有的时间都花在为最坏的情况创造解决方案，你也许优柔画衔害怕做出最后的决定。）可知，A项"时不时地想办法解决最糟糕的情况。"，B项"由于害怕出错而犹豫不决。"和D项"即使周围没有任何威胁，仍感到不安或紧张。"是焦虑的典型症状，只有C项"在想象的情况下心跳加速，血压升高"是没有提到的。故选C 项。
【小题4】 C.推理判断题。根据最后一段"The good news is that anxiety is very manageable with some combination of medication，therapy，and lifestyle adjustments."（好消息是焦虑在结合医药，治疗和生活方式的调整下是可控制的。）可知，接下来会谈到如何对焦虑症进行调整，推断出接下来会谈到一些降低焦虑影响的小技巧。故选C项。
13.安徽皖北五校2022-2023年高三上学期第一次联考英语试卷
In recent years, we have always seen different kinds of new energy vehicles on the road frequently, but do you know anything about them
In the 21st century, with the increasing shortage of resources such as oil and natural gas, the issue of non-renewable resources has become a major concern. The traditional industry uses mostly oil as a fuel, and the carbon dioxide produced by burning oil hurts the air. The vehicle emissions(排放)contribute to global warming and other poisonous gases cause serious air pollution.
In response to the problem of vehicle pollution, countries and regions worldwide are setting increasingly strict standards for vehicle emissions. To cope with the increasing severity of vehicle emission standards, the major car manufacturers(制造商) are now mainly adopting methods to improve the technology related to the engines of conventional energy vehicles. Although this has improved the quality of emissions, it will be increasingly difficult to upgrade the technology. At this point, the development of new energy vehicles has become a new option for manufacturers, as the production and use of new energy vehicles will fundamentally solve the problem of vehicle emissions. Therefore, the development of new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.
New energy vehicles are proposed as opposed to traditional vehicles, which are mainly fuelled by petrol. A new energy vehicle is a type of vehicle that runs on clean energy sources, using new energy sources as the fuel commonly used to power the car and provide the drive energy for the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided into several categories, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid(混合动力) vehicles, and so on. In addition, new energy vehicles have the advantage of . low energy consumption and low-carbon environmental protection.
However, although new energy vehicles follow the concept of sustainable development, there are still many problems and. challenges in the development of new energy vehicle research and production. For instance, many issues require specialist technicians and solutions, and further breakthroughs are needed in key technology areas. In addition, the efficiency of new energy use needs to be further improved, making it difficult to form an industrial-scale operation in a short period.
32. What does using non-renewable resources invite
A. Harm to the planet. B. Low-carbon life.
C. Less air pollution. D. Shortage of water.
33. Which can best agree with the concept of sustainable development
A. Improving energy efficiency of traditional resources.
B. Replacing the engines of conventional energy vehicles.
C. Innovating vehicles related to renewable resources.
D. Manufacturing more cars and. lowering their prices.
34. What does the fourth paragraph talk about concerning the new energy vehicles
A. The source, fuel and advantage.
B. The definition, fuel and protection.
C. The source, category and conformation,
D. The definition, category and advantage.
35. What is expected of new energy vehicles
A. They should be replaced. B. Further exploring in needed.
C、It is unnecessary to improve. D. They call for no more energy.
【语篇导读】文章主要阐述因传统能源危机及其使用过程中产生的危害促使人类开始对可再生资源和新能源汽车的开发和利用。
32.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的"The vehicle emissions（排放）contribute to global warming and other poisonous gases cause serious air pollution."由此可知传统的非再生资源会对地球造成伤害。故选A。
33.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的"Although thi