2023届高考英语二轮复习：概要写作课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
概要写作
二轮复习
content
考查要点
01
02
03
04
高考真题
解题技巧详解
高级词汇句式
Part 01
考查要点
考查能力
1.区分主要信息和次要信息的能力;
2.对句群之间的逻辑关系和段落结构的把握能力;
3.分析推断逻辑关系、梳理及概括细节信息的能力;
4.通过整合手段进行思维创新和表达创新的能力;
5.运用同义词、近义词、反义词或语法结构及修辞手段进行语义转换的能力。
评分原则
1.词数少于40或多于80的,从总分中减去2分;
2.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
3.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
4.上下文的连贯性;
5.对各要点表达的独立性情况;
6.拼写、标点符号的准确性;
7.书写和卷面情况。
失误总结
1.要点提炼不准确。主次信息混淆,不清楚原文作者的写作意图。
2.表述的逻辑不清晰。内容没有条理,行文没有衔接,不能呈现连贯性。
3.照抄原文句子。不能进行有效的语句转换,同一单词的重现率较高。作文中若出现两句以上整句摘自原文的现象,作文将会被直接定为第三档(11—15分)甚至更低档。
4.单词拼写错误较多,时态、语态出错率较高。
Part 02
解题技巧详解
解题步骤
1.浏览原文,弄清文体,根据段首句和段尾句预测段落内容甚至整个语篇内容,把握语篇主旨和结构。
2.细读原文每一个段落,把握段落大意,归纳段落要点。
3.最大限度地替换要点句子中的关键词汇,调整句子结构,尽量使各个要点句子转换成全新的表达。
4.使用恰当的衔接词把各个要点句子整合成逻辑关系清晰、内容有条理、连贯通顺的短文,要注意,各个要点句子要有相对的独立性。
注意事项
1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
2.安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写主要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
3.注意要点之间的衔接,要用恰当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。
4.不排斥用原文的某些词汇或词块,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少要对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
5.核查词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。
方法技巧
牢记写作流程,酿造极优作文
方法技巧
巧用衔接词语,尽显严密逻辑
1.并列
as well as也　both...and... ……和……都
not only...but also...不仅……而且……
2.递进
besides除……之外 furthermore此外　
moreover而且
what's more更为重要的是　 more importantly更重要的是
to make matters worse=what's worse=worse still更糟糕的是
方法技巧
巧用衔接词语,尽显严密逻辑
3.对比和转折
but但是　 instead反而　　　　 while而
however/nevertheless然而 otherwise否则
unlike与……不同 on the contrary与此相反
compared to与……相比 in contrast to与……形成对比
on the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……
4.因果
therefore/consequently/as a result因此
because of/as a result of/on account of/due to因为
thanks to/owing to由于
方法技巧
巧用衔接词语,尽显严密逻辑
5.目的
in order to/so as to为了 so that/in order that为了
for the purpose of为了
6.强调
especially特别　 particularly特别　
indeed确实
not at all根本不　 or rather确切地说
方法技巧
巧用衔接词语,尽显严密逻辑
7.顺序
first/second/third首先/第二/第三
firstly/secondly/thirdly/finally首先/第二/第三/最后
to start with/next/in addition/finally首先/然后/此外/最后
first of all/besides/last but not least首先/此外/最后但同样重要的是
8.总结
in short/in brief/in summary总之
to sum up/to summarize总之
all in all总的说来
on the whole总的说来
方法技巧
读首句析尾句,构织语境画面
通过阅读第一段的首句和最后一段的尾句便能大致明白该语篇的主旨;然后寻读每一段的首句和尾句,尝试预测每一段的主旨;再观察段落之间的组织方式,了解该语篇的文脉。这样,我们就能在大脑中构织出语境的初步画面。
比如2019年6月浙江高考的概要写作阅读材料,第一段的首句是"Parents everywhere praise their kids",最后一段的尾句是"But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it",由这两句话可知,这篇文章的主旨是父母表扬孩子要依据孩子努力的程度。然后我们可根据每一段的首句和尾句判断出各段的主旨。
方法技巧
善找转折词汇,主旨要点映眼前
表示转折的词后面的内容,或者含有though, although, while等引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句的主句通常是句子的主旨要点,也是作者真实的写作意图。
比如2018年11月浙江高考的概要写作阅读材料,第二段最后一句"In fact...and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!",本句的主旨要点是but后面的"if you live nearby, go check it out!"。
再如最后一段的尾句"While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend", "While visiting...visit"是让步状语从句,该句的主旨要点是主句的内容。
方法技巧
巧妙变换表达,替换关键词语
写概要时,考生要用自己的语言进行表达,可以通过同义转换、词性转换、句式转换、正话反说、反话正说等技巧替换原文中的一些关键词语。
方法技巧
1.同义转换
(1)近义词替换原词
Never will Chen Yu forget his first job as a journalist.
→Chen Yu will always remember his first job as a reporter.
(2)单词替换短语
①Clearing away dirt is good for health.
→Clearing away dirt benefits health.
②With much of the public's attention, stars suffer from great pressure.
→Living in the public gaze, stars face great pressure.
(3)概括词替换具体词
She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Reader's Digest and Newsweek, and some textbooks.
→She brought home some books and magazines.
方法技巧
2.词性转换
(1)动词转换为名词
He failed to pass the drug test, and the boss had to dismiss him from his job.
→His failure of passing the drug test resulted in his job dismissal.
(2)形容词转换为名词
Your skin will be burnt if you are exposed to the sun too long.
→Too long exposure to the sun will harm your skin.
(3)形容词(短语)转换为动词(短语)
Reading can not only make you relaxed but also be good for your mind.
→Reading can not only relax your body but also do good to your mind.
方法技巧
3.句式转换
(1)主被动语态的相互转换
Two experiments were carried out by a psychologist.
→A psychologist performed two experiments.
(2)特殊句式与正常语序的相互转换
Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information.
→You will obtain all the information if you ask many different questions.
方法技巧
3.句式转换
(3)从句之间的相互转换
He concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they're being stared at.
→His conclusion is that people are not equipped with the ability to feel others' observation.
(4)从句压缩、转换
①状语从句转换为介词短语
When he arrives, please send me an e-mail.
→On his arrival, please send me an e-mail.
②条件状语从句转换为非谓语结构
If everything is considered, his plan seems to be more workable.
→Everything taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable.
方法技巧
4.正话反说
(1)I quite agree with you.
→I couldn't agree with you more.
(2)His hometown is the most beautiful place.
→No place is more beautiful than his hometown.
方法技巧
5.反话正说
(1)Without advertising, it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worth of a product.
→With advertising, it will be very easy for customers to judge the worth of a product.
(2)The most important step is to fill in the application form without any false information.
→It's essential to fill in the application form correctly.
Part 03
高考真题
　　①Parents everywhere praise their kids. ②Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." ③By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, ④when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. ⑤Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.
①Still, don't go too far in the other direction. ②Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. ③Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
①So what is the right amount of praise ②Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. ③If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. ④"We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal," says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. ⑤"One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."
　 ①Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. ②But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. ③Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. ④But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
写作指导
Para. 1
①作本段的"起",描述现象;②作 "承",引入专家的观点;③作"承",分析出现该现象的原因;④作"转",引出作者的观点;⑤作第一段的"合",指出"Too much praise"的后果。
Para. 2
①作上一段的"承"和本段后文内容的"起",指出不要走向另一个极端;②作"承"指出"Not giving enough praise"的危害;③作"承",分析其原因,且本句本身也呈现出因果关系。
写作指导
Para. 3
①作前两段的"承",也作本段的"起",起过渡作用;②是对上一句的回答,引出专家的观点;③是对上一句的进一步解释;④引用了专家的说法;⑤作本段的"合",与②相呼应。
Para. 4
①作上一段的"承"和本段例证的"起";②作上一句的"转",呈现作者的真实意图;③作前两句的"承",进一步说明作者的观点;④作本段的"合",进行总结,回归主题。
思路点拨
写概要时,首先要注意每段的主题句和关键词,通过词汇替换、句式转变等多种方式改写要点,注意一定要用自己的语言,不可以完全照搬原文;然后,添加衔接词,使各要点之间的衔接更顺畅;最后要注意单词拼写不要出现错误,也要注意大小写和标点符号,同时还要注意控制词数,不要少于40或多于80。
要点1,如今,父母总是给孩子相当多的赞扬,希望建立他们的自信心,但是这可能会产生相反的效果;
要点2,父母对孩子表扬不够同样有损孩子的自信心;
要点3,专家认为,父母应该因为努力过程而赞扬孩子,而不是因为事情的结果;
要点4,孩子如果很努力,确实值得被赞扬。总之,父母给孩子的赞扬的多少取决于孩子的努力程度。
Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerable praise to their children, hoping to build their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect.(要点一) However, not enough praise from parents also does harm to children's self-confidence.(要点二)Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result.(要点三) Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they make great effort. Anyway, the amount of praise parents give should depend on how hard their kids work.(要点四)
谢谢您的观看
二轮复习