人教版（2019）必修第二册 Unit4 History and traditions单词课件（29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
B2U4
vocabulary
每日背诵
1 The host seized my hand and shook it heartily and enjoyably.
主人抓住我的手，热情开心地握了起来。
2 The class clapped warmly as Mr: Smith presented me with the reward.
当史密斯先生给我颁奖时，全班同学热烈鼓掌。
3 Everyone started to clap their hands. I gave them a shy smile and the whole class was filled with thunderous applause.
大家都开始鼓掌，我羞涩地笑了笑。班上爆发出热烈的掌声。
4 He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.
他热情地握住我的手。
1.Confucius 孔子
Temple of Confucius 孔庙
Cemetery of Confucius孔子陵园
2.cemetery n.墓地；公墓
同义词：graveyard
3.philosophy n.哲学
philosopher n.哲学家
4.individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人
individual difference个体差异
①We interviewed each individual member of the community .
我们采访了社区中的每个成员。
②The competition is open to both teams and individuals.
团队和个人均可参加比赛。
同根词 individually adv. 分别地；单独地
5. kingdom n.王国；领域；管辖范围
the United Kingdom 联合王国
拓展： kingpin 主要人物 kingship 王位
king-size 特大的 kingfisher 翠鸟
同义词：emperor 皇帝 monarch 君主；帝王
①The wife of a king is a queen. The son of a king and queen is a prince and their daughter is a princess.
国王的妻子是王后，国王和王后的儿子是王子，他们的女儿是公主。
6. chief adj. 最重要的;最高级别的=most important ; mian
n. (公司或机构的)首领; 酋长(复数: chiefs)
同根词 ：主要地 adv. chiefly
拓展：the chief problem/reason: 主要问题/原因(理由)
CEO = Chief Executive（adj.行政的，） Officer
总参谋长chief of staff
①According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
根据课文，学习一个国家的历史的两个主要优势是什么
7.puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问vt. 迷惑；使迷惑
拓展：puzzling: adj. 令人迷惑的/困惑的
puzzled: adj. (人感到)困惑的;迷惑不解的
puzzle about/over冥思苦想;苦苦思索
be in a puzzle 不知如何是好
be puzzled about对……迷惑不解
be puzzled by 被...迷惑
①When the little girl was asked such a 　　　　　question,she stood there with a 　　　　　look on her face.(puzzle)
②Their reason for doing it is still a ______ to me.
③People have long puzzled 　　　　　how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
puzzling
puzzled　
puzzle　
over/about
8.. nearby adv. 在附近
adj. 附近的;邻近的(常在名词前)
be near to...: 距...近
be far from...: 距...远
她妈妈住在附近的小镇。
Her mother lives in a nearby town. （ adj.）
Her mother lives in a town nearby.（ adv.）
9.join ... to/with ...把……和……连接起来
join 指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意。常用结构join ...to, join up。若非直接连接，则可与connect换用。
join sb in doing sth
connect 指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connect ...with/to。
combine 着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine ...with。
unite 强调紧密地结合成一个整体体，含难以分开之意，常用结构unite ...with。
①Please _____ this pole to that one.
请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。
②The island is _______________ to the mainland by a bridge.
这座岛由一座桥与大陆相连。
③The two parties have _________ to form a new government.
两党联合组成了新政府。
④This flight _______ with a New York one.
这班飞机可接上纽约的另一趟航班。
⑤The fight against terrorism seemed to ______ the nation.
与恐怖主义的斗争似乎把全国人民团结了起来.
join
joined/connected
combined
connects
unite
10. break away (from sb/sth) 脱离;逃脱;摆脱
拓展：break in 破门而入;打断
break into 闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
break out (战争)爆发;(火灾)发生
break up 拆开;结束;解散
break down 出故障;失败;垮掉;(使)分解
break through 突破
①However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and 　　　　　　to form its own government.
②If you go on working like that,you will 　　　　　　　　sooner or later.
③In my opinion,marriage based on money is likely to 　　　　　　　.
④Fire 　　　　　　　　during the night.
broke away
break down　
break up　
broke out　
11.belong vi.应在(某处);适应,合得来
拓展：(1)belong to属于;是……的成员;是……的组成部分
(2)belonging n.归属感;所有物
a sense of belonging归属感
belongings n.所有物;财产
注：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态,用作非谓语动词时要使用动词-ing形式。
①Having sold most of his 　　　　　(belong),he almost had nothing left in the house.
②The future _________ （属于） those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
③The wooden house 　　　　　(belong)to me is being decorated now.
belongings　
belonging　
belongs to
12.as well as同(一样也);和;还
拓展：(1)as well as“既……又……”,可连接两个平行结构。连接两个名 词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与as well as之前的主语一致。
(2)as well“也;又;还”,常放在句子末尾,作为副词短语使用。
(3)may/might as well do sth倒不如做某事;不妨做某事
①Amy,as well as her brothers,　　　　　　　(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
②The deadline for the project is around the corner,so we 　　　　　as well get some help.
③As well as 　　　　　(have)difficulty adapting herself to the new school life,she found the culture difference was another challenge for her.
注：as well as 用作介词，相当于besides, in addition to ,意识是“除...之外”，后面常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。
was given
may/might
having

13 currency ['k r( )ns ]n. __________ u/c 通用；流行；流传
拓展：current ['k r( )nt]adj. 现行的; 流通的
currently ['k r ntl ]adv. 当前, 目前
trading in foreign currencies买卖外汇
local curency当地的货币
cutrrent price 时价
①It has wide currency . 这个已经广为使用。
②There are words that are no longer current.这些是已经不再通用的词
14.military [ m l tri ]: adj. 军事的;军用的
拓展：military defence 军事力量
military training 军训
他们上个月军训了
They had their military training last month.
货币; 通货
15 .defend v. 防御，保护，辩解，辩护→ defence n 防御；保卫
拓展：defend ... against/from... 保卫......免受......
defend against防御
defend oneself 自卫；自我辩护；
in defence of... 为保卫......；为......辩护
in one’s defence /come to sb’s defence 为某人辩护
defensive adj 防御的
defenceless adj. 不能自卫的
What points can be raised in defence of this argument.
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护？
温馨提示：与defend ... from / against ... 用法类似的还有：prevent ... (from) ...;
stop ... (from) ...; keep ... from ...;protect ... from / against ...
在被动语态中from都不可省略。
16 legal ['li g( )l]adj. 法律的;合法的;法定的
拓展：legally adv. 法律上；合法地
illegally adv.不合法地
It is legal to do sth 做某事是合法的
①(2019浙江) 出于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止转送厨余食物的政策。
For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.
②(2017天津)它将把无人驾驶汽车置于与人类司机同等的法律地位。
It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.
17 surround vt.围绕;包围
(1)surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded by/with被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
surroundings n.环境
①This county is surrounded 　　　　　rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
②The 　　　　　(surround)villages have been included into the growing city.
③The buildings have been designed to blend in with their _____________
(surround).
注：surroundings用复数形式，主要指周围的具体物质环境。
environment 是集合名词单数，既可表示抽象概念，也可表示具体意义，指对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。
by/with
surrounding　
surroundings　
18 evidence n. 证据，根据，证明
拓展：evident adj. 清楚的；明白的；显而易见的
evidently adv. 明显地；显然地
寻找证据:look for/search for evidence
找到证据:find evidence
（出庭）作证: give evidence
一项证据:a piece of evidence
19 achievement n.[C]成就，成绩，功绩；[U]达到，完成；achieve vt.
拓展：a sense of achievement 一种成就感
make an achievement/achievements 取得成就
①Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ___________.
(2016全国II)先处理最重要的任务，这样你才会有真正的成就感。
②The father of success is work, and the mother of ___________ is ambition.
勤奋乃成功之父，志向乃成功之母。
achievement
achievement
20.location n.地方;位置;地点
拓展：locate vi.找出……的准确地点;确定……的准确地点
located adj.位于;坐落在
locator n.定位器
be located at/in/on... 位于……
1)It is a suitable for a new airport.
2)The factory at the foot of a hill.
21.conquer ['k k ] v. 占领;征服;控制
拓展：conqueror n.征服者，胜利者
conquest n. 征服;得胜;战利品
①Energy and persistence ________all things.(Benjamin Franklin)
精力加毅力可以征服一切。——本杰明·富兰克林
②The chase is always much more exciting than the ________ anyway.
不管怎么说，追求的过程总比得手更为刺激。
location
is located
conquer
conquest
22.battle n.vi. & vt.战斗;搏斗;奋斗
拓展：battle with sb for sth 因某事和某人争斗
a battle of wills 意志的较量
battledress 战地服装 bettle field 战场
The man battled against cancer for four years
这个人与癌症抗争了四年
23.keep your eyes open(for) 留心；留意
拓展：吸引某人的注意: catch one’s eye
注视，盯着看: fix one’s eyes on
照看；留意；密切注意:keep an eye on
对......有鉴赏力；have an eye for
直视某人:look sb in the eye
24.charge n.收费;指控;主管　vt.收费;控告;充电
拓展：(1)charge sb with sth因某事控告某人
charge sb for sth向某人索取……的费用
(2)free of charge/for free 免费
in charge(of)主管;负责;照顾
in the charge of/in one’s charge由某人负责;由某人管理
take charge of掌管;负责;看管
①We have enough confidence to charge you 　　　　　abuse of power.
②The generous owner of the pub charged us only a small amount of money
　　　　　wine and beer.
③Your order will be delivered free 　　　　　charge within a ten-mile limit.
④He can’t take charge 　　　　　the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
with　
for　
of　
of　
25.amount n.金额;数量　v.总计,共计;相当于,等于
（2)amount to等于;达到
“许多/大量……”集合:
a number of只接可数名词复数。
a great deal of,a great amount of(large amounts of)只接不可数名词。
a lot of(lots of),plenty of,a large quantity of(large quantities of)既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。
①Large amounts of honey and butter 　　　　　(be)used to make this kind of snack.
②A large amount of money 　　　　　(be)spent on the construction of the school last year.
③The total sales of the company didn’t amount 　　　　　more than a million dollars.
26.approach n.接近;方法;途径　vt.接近;接洽;着手处理　vi.靠近
【归纳】at the approach of在快到……的时候
an approach to(doing)sth做某事的方法/途径
【点拨】approach作名词时,后面常跟介词to,表示“……的方法”,而way,method,means表示“方法”时后常跟介词of。
①The job market has changed and our approach to 　　　　　(find)work must change as well.
②　　　　 　(approach)the city centre,we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
were　
was　
to　
finding　
Approaching　
27 generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
拓展：对某人很慷慨be generous to
乐于做某事be generous in
在某方面很大方:be generous with sth
某人做某事真是慷慨It is generous of sb to do sth.
①I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
没有你的慷慨帮忙，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。
→ generously adv.慷慨大方地
→ generosity n. 慷慨；大方
28 butter n.黄油 ；奶油 vt 涂黄油于
She buttered four thick slices of bread.
她用黄油涂了四片厚面包。
拓展：butter sb up 奉承某人
29.eager adj.渴望的;热切的
拓展：(1)be eager to do sth渴望做某事
be eager for sth渴望得到某物
(2)eagerly adv.热切地;急切地
(3)eagerness n.热切;渴望
with eagerness热切地;急切地
hide one’s eagerness掩饰某人的渴望
①As soon as we came to the new city,we found ourselves eager
　　　　　　(have)a taste of local snacks and beer.
②The young man was eager 　　　　　a car after he graduated from college.
to have
for　
30. roll v.（使）翻滚 （使）滚动 n. 卷轴；翻滚； 小面包条 ；脂肪；名单
拓展：a roll of film 一卷胶卷
a forward roll 前滚翻
roll in 大量涌入
roll sth out 将...轧平
①The ball rolled down the hill. 球滚下了山。
②Wallpaper is sold in rolls . 壁纸按卷销售
31. greet vt.问候;迎接 greeting n.问候,招呼;问候语(复数)
拓展：greet sb with sth 用……和某人打招呼
be greeted with/by sth 对……做出反应
She greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived at her courtyard.
客人来到她的院子时，她热情地向他们打招呼。
32. honey n.蜂蜜 n.可爱的人
honeyed adj.甜言蜜语的；味道像蜂蜜的
33.striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的（strike -- struck --- struck/stricken）
拓展：strike : 罢工; 侵袭; 重创; 打; 碰撞;
打动; 敲钟; (钟)打点/报时
①A striking image.引人注目的形象
②There is a striking difference betweenTom and Peter. 区别很大
34 crowd n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使拥挤
拓展：a crowd of/crowds of :一大群; 很多
crowd in (on sb): (想法/问题等) 涌上心头;涌入
crowd into sth: 大批涌入...
crowded : adj. 拥挤的; 挤满的
be crowded with...: 挤满…
①Crowds of people poured into the street.人们成群结队涌上街头。
I.填空。
1.Only a minority(少数) of the people of that province wish to break______ and become independent.
2.It occurred to me that she and I __________belong) to different worlds.
3.The country needs a__________(防御) capability as insurance against the unexpected．
4.As is known to all, China has made great ___________(成就) during the past decades．
5.Tim’s___________(困惑的) expression suggested that he didn’t understand what they had said．
巩固提升
away
belonged
defence
achievements
puzzled
II.选词填空，注意形式。
1.Flowers are chosen for their scent ____________their look.
2.The young poet has _____________________in improving the students’ writing skills.
3.He is an honest man.He never takes anything that doesn’t ____________ him.
4.When Lincoln was elected President，the southern states _______________ the union and formed a new nation.
5.I am puzzled that the water in the lake is not clear although it _______________ _____green trees.
as well as
made an achievement
belong to
broke away from
make an achievement belong to as well as break away from be surrounded by
is surrounded by
III. 翻译句子。
1.The house belonging to my grandfather was sold yesterday.
___________________________________________________________________
2. In my opinion，marriage based on money is likely to break up．
____________________________________________________________________
3.岛上有一座桥与大陆相连，去那里很方便。
____________________________________________________________________
4.我仍很困惑他们为什么要做此事。
___________________________________________________________________
1. 属于我爷爷的房子昨天被卖掉了。
2. 在我看来，基于金钱的婚姻很容易瓦解。
3..The island, joined to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go./It is easy to go to the island which is joined to the mainland by a bridge
4. Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me./I’m still puzzled over/about their reason for doing it.
Thank you