2023届中考英语核心语法专题：动词不定式 精讲精练（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023届中考英语核心语法：动词不定式（通用版）
（知识讲解+典题训练）（含答案）
Part I 知识讲解
概念：
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，又叫非谓语动词，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语；它由“to+动词原形”构成，这里的to是动词不定式符号，本身没有词义.
动词不定式句法功能
动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
1.作主语
To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 ·
To say is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语作主语时，而把真正的主语—动词不定式短语放在句子的后面，其句型为：It’s +adj. + to do sth.
· It is hard to be a doctor.
· It is not easy to learn English well.
· It’s important to plant trees in spring.
【拓展】如果表示动词不定式的动作执行者，可以在不定式前加一个由介词for/of构成的不定式的复合结构。
说明事物性质特征的形容词作表语时，其后的不定式的逻辑主语由for来引导，常见的形容词：important, possible, necessary, useful, difficult, hard, easy, right, good等。
【例句】It’s difficult for them to finish the task on time. 对他们而言，按时完成任务很困难。
评价人的性格、品质等方面的形容词作表语时，其后的不定式的逻辑主语由of来引导，常见的形容词：kind, careless, foolish, right, wrong, good, clever, polite等。
【例句】 It’s careless of me to make such a mistake.
我太粗心了，犯了这样的错误。
2。作表语
在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。
· His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
· My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
· Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。
3。作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语。
（1）只能接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：
要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)；
期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)；
宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)；
希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)
They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。
Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。
Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow 明天和我们起去野餐好吗？
【特殊】1.如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”。
He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。
2.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语—动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do....如：
I find it difficult to remember everything.我发现记住所有事情很难。
（2）既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：
Then I started to watch TV. 然后我开始看电视。
I am beginning to understand my parents. 我开始理解我的父母。
注意:有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语,所表达的意义也不同。如：
stop to do sth. 停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；（去做）
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事；（不做）
go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；（不同）
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事；（同一）
remember/forget to do sth. 记住／忘记去做某事；（未做）
remember/forget doing sth. 记得／忘记做过某事 ；（已做）
4。作宾语补足语
（1） 动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help，teach。。。等。
The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. 老师告诉我们明天要早点来。
I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。
Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她父母亲希望她当老师。
（2）但在let, make,have, see, watch, hear, listen to,feel, notice, 等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”：
省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：Let / make / have sb. do sth.
Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。
The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。
see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.
I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.
昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。
I often hear the girl sing in the next room.
我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。
（3）可省可不省的：help sb. （to）do sth.
I often help my mother （to）do housework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务。
（4）作宾补时的否定形式
1.动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not。
Tell them not to play football in the street.告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。
2.省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。·
Let the boy not go. 让那个男孩别走。
3.如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省“to”，即原来省的再加上。·
The boy made the baby cry.
→The baby was made to cry by the boy.
那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。
5。作定语
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。
Who was the first one to arrive 谁第一个到的？
She has no paper to write on 她没有纸写字？
The best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用它。
Do you have something to drink 你这有喝的吗？
注意：动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
· I have no chair to sit on.我没有椅子坐。
· He has no house to live in.他没有房子住。
6。作状语
（1）作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后，表目的。
· He went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。
· They got up early to catch the early bus.他们早起去赶早班车。有时可以把不定式（短语）提前，放于句首，表示强调目的。
· To learn English quickly and well, he went to England.为了更快更好地学英语，他去了英国。
（2）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如：
I feel very lucky to have him.拥有他我感觉很幸运。
（3）结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如：
I'm too tired to do it well.我太累了以至于做不好这件事。
The room is big enough for three people to live in.这个房间三个人住足够大。
7、固定句式中动词不定式的用法：
在固定句式中对不定式的考察常见的有：
1. had better (not) do sth. 最好做（不做）某事。
2. Would you like to do sth. 你想要做（不做）某事吗？
3. Why not do sth. 为什么不做某事？
4. Would you please (not) do sth. 请你可以做（不做）某事么？
5. It takes sb.+ 时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间
6. prefer to do rather than do sth. 宁愿做。。。而不愿做。。。
7.would rather do ..than..do 比起。。。宁愿。。。
8.疑问词+动词不定式
动词不定式可以和疑问代词who，what，which及疑问副词when，how，where连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。这类动词常见的有：know, think, show, ask, find out等。
【例句】The boy didn’t know which one to take. 这个孩子不知道拿哪一个。
9.动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式由否定词not +动词不定式构成，即“not to do sth.”。
【例句】We got up early in order not to be late for school. 我们早起为了上学不迟到。
动词不定式的否定形式也可由never + 动词不定式构成，即“never to do sth.”。
【例句】The boy promised never to swim alone again.
这男孩答应不再独自游泳了。
在make, let, have等使役动词和hear, see, watch, notice, feel, observe等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式的否定形式为“not do sth.”。
【例句】 Let us not talk of that matter.这事咱们就不谈了。
I saw him not enter your office. 我看见他没有进入你办公室。
【拓展】谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定区别主要在于它们所表达的意义不同。
I did not promise to wake him up. 我没有答应叫醒他。
I promised not to wake him up. 我答应了不叫醒他。
Part II 动词不定式 典题多维专练（100分）
一、划出下列每个句子中的动词不定式，并写出所充当的句子成分。（15分）
1.He came to show me his new CD player.
2.I felt someone open my door.
3.Jenny wants to be a dentist when she grows up.
4.Please listen to me sing the song again.
5.A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
6.To go abroad is his dream.
7.His work is to feed the animals.
8.The room is big enough for three people to live in.
9.Give me something to drink.
10.I have much homework to do.
11.Jim volunteers to teach in an after-school study program.
12.I feel very lucky to have my pet dog.
13.The boy was too frightened to move.
14.I don’t know what to do.
15.He showed me how to use the new mobile phone.
二、单项选择。（40分）
1. _______ is difficult to work out the maths problem.
A. This B. That C. It D. Its
2. We decided _______ at the end of this month.
A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going
3. They have no paper_______.
A. to write B. to write with C. write on D .to write on
4. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.
A. has B. have C. to have D. having
5. _______the computer is a problem.
A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use
6. The teacher told us _______in bed.
A. don’t read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read
7. The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.
A. so, that B. as, as C. too, to D. very, to
8. Why _______home tomorrow
A. not go B. not going C. not to go D. didn’t go
9. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _______
A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn down it
10. It’s cold outside. You had better _______ your coat.
A. to put on B. putting on C. puts on D. put on
11.You'd better ________ her, it would only worry her.
A. not tell B.tell C.to tell D.not to tell
12.The librarian work is ________ the books in the library.
A.takes care of B. take care of C. to take care of D. taking care of
13. The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.
A. sell B. sells C. sold D. to sell
14.Many students practice _______ in the morning because of the P.E. exam.
A. run B. running C. ran D. to run
15. ________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A. Reach B. To reach C. Reaching D. To reaching
16.The local government advises people ________ to other places ________ it is not necessary during the pandemic.
A. travel; unless B. to not travel; if C. not to travel; unless D. not to travel; if
17.— Exercising is good for our health.
— You’re right. So I’d rather ________ an hour’s walk than ________ in front of the computer.
A. to take; sit B. take; sit C. take; sitting D. to take; sitting
18.—The art festival is coming. It’s a good chance to show ourselves.
—You are very good at ________. And you will be the most popular star.
A. singing B. sing C. to sing D. sang
19. The teacher told us _______ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
A. to not make B. not to make C. not make D. not making
20. He made a box ____________ the school things.
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. to be kept
21.He lost his key. It made him __________ in the cold to wait f for his wife’s return.
A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay
22.John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
　　A. to wash　　 B. washing 　　C. wash　　 D. to be washing
23.—What would you like ___________ for your mum on Mother’s Day
—A dress.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys
24. I don't feel like________ anything today.
A. eat B.eating C. to eat D. eats
25. Students should learn how ___________ problems.
A. solve B. solving C. can solve D. to solve
26.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ____________ after drinking.
　 A. never to drive　　　　 B. to never drive
　 C. never driving　　　　 D. never drive
27. I prefer ____________ rather than __________.
　 A. read; watch　　　　　　　 B. to read; watch
C. reading; to watch　　　　 D. to read; to watch
28. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know ________.
A. where to choose　　　　 B. which to choose 　　
C. to choose what 　　　　 D. to choose which
29.I’ve heard him ___________ about you often.
　 A. spoke　　 B. speaks 　　 C. speak D. to speak
30.Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
31.They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.
　　A. to risk going 　 B. risking to go　 　C. for risk to go　　　　 D. risk going
32.She is pleased ________ her friend.
A.to meet B.met C.meeting D.meets
33.He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.
　　A. whether 　　B. if 　　C. either　　 D. if he will
34.Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
　　A. to do 　　B. doing 　　C. with 　　D. to be doing
35. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
　 　A. to have rested　　 B. resting 　　C. to rest 　　D. rest
36. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
　　A. so not as to 　　　　 B. so as not to
　　C. so as to not 　　　　 D. not so as to
37.He was too excited _________.
　　A. speak 　　B. to speak 　　C. not to speak　　 D. speaking
38. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.
　 　A. doing 　　B. to do 　　C. do 　　D. to be doing
39.I’m hungry. Get me something _________.
　　A. eat 　　B. to eat 　　C. eating 　　D. for eating
40. --- Did that book give the information you needed
　　　　--- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.
　　 A. for finding it　　 B. to find it　　 C. finding it 　　　　　　D. by finding it
三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。（15分）
1. It took half an hour _______(get) to the World Park from Kitty’s school.
2. It was interesting ___ ____(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.
3. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.
4. Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make) a home page.
5. Unluckily,I forgot （take）my umbrella this morning.
6. He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look) at.
7. Help him _______(put) the photos in the correct order.
8. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday.
9. It’s time for class. Please stop _______(talk).
10. I’d like _______(go) to the Temple of Heaven.
11. Our teacher tell us _______________(not go) out.
12. Let me _______(help) you with your bags.
13. Can you hear somebody______________(climb) the stairs.
14.I am looking forward to____________(meet) you in my school.
15.Did you see a bird __________(fly) over the sky just now.
四：完成句子。（25分）
1. __________（说） is one thing; _________（做） is quite another.
2. _______________________（学好一门外语） is not easy.
3. It’s good _________________（帮助别人） when they are in trouble.
4. I want _________________（和你说句话） .
5. I hope ___________________（不久再见到你）.
6. My idea is _____________________________（立刻开始工作）.
7. Her wish is _______________（上大学） when she finishes middle school.
8. Li Ming _________________（要求我和他去游泳）.
9. Did you see him ___________________（上公共汽车）.
10. You must be hungry. I’ll get you ________________（一些吃的东西）.
11. Is there anyone _________________（照顾这些孩子）
12. She went to the station _________________（接一位美国朋友）.
13.My uncle has come to Beijing ________________________（参加一个重要的会议）.
14. Please tell me ____________________（怎样念这个词）.
15. I haven’t decided ____________________（买哪一件衬衫）.
16. The question is _______________________（走哪一条路）.
17. She didn’t know _______________________（说什么）.
18. Have you decided _______________________ （去哪里）for your holiday
19. They __________（计划修建） another cinema here next year.
20. Please ____________ （记得关）the window before you leave.
21. The teacher _________________ （告诉我们要注意）what he was doing.
22. She __________________ （不允许孩子们玩）in the street.
23. The boss _____________________（强迫工人干活） long hours.
24. I _______________ （看见他上楼）a moment ago.
25. I _________________ （听见雨打）on the window now.
五、根据短文内容，用所给词的适当形式填空。（5分）
What is happy life Different people have different answers. I think my life is very happy. At school, I’m not a top student, but I have many good friends. We are happy 1._____(study) together and play together. And we also enjoy 2._____(take) part in football matches together. That’s my favorite activity. My teachers are strict with us, but never punish us. They always encourage us 3.______(overcome) difficulties. My favorite subject English makes me 4._____(know) more knowledge about other countries and cultures.At home, I have a happy family, We love 5._____(travel) all around the world. Last summer, we6. _____(go) to America. It was my first time7. _____ (visit) America. It was fantastic and unforgettable.What’s more, I pay attention to(关注) our society(社会) and the environment, I’m always ready 8._____(help) others. The environment is important for us, it’s necessary for people 9._____ (protect保护) it. We should try our best to do something 10._____(make) the world better and better.
参考答案：
一、
1.to show...充分状语，表示目的。
2.open...充当宾语补足语，省略了不定式符号(由于谓语动词是感官动词feel)。
3.to be...充当宾语。
4.sing...充当宾语补足语，省略了不定式符号(由于谓语动词是感官动词listen to)。
5.to discuss...充分状语，表示目的。
6.To go...充当主语。
7.to feed...充当表语。
8.to live...充当状语，表示结果。(too...to do; enough...to do)
9.to drink充当定语，后置(have something to do)
10.to do同9
11.to teach...宾语
12.to have...作状语，表示原因。
13.to move,同8
14.what to do作宾语
15.how to use作直接宾语。
二．单选
1-5 CCDBA 6-10 DCABD 11-15 ACDBC 16-20 DBABB
21-25 DACBD 26-30 ABBCA 31-35AAABC 36-40 BBCBB
填空
to get
to see
to save
to make
to take
to look
to put/put
cry
talking
to go
not to go
help
climbing
Meeting
fly
四．完成句子
1.To speak,to do it
2.To learn a foreign language well
3.to help others
4.to have a word with you
5. to see you again soon
6. to begin our work at once
7. to go to university
8. asked me to go to swim with him
9. to get on a bus
10. something to eat
11.to take care of these children
12. to meet a friend from America
13.to attend an important meeting
14. how to pronounce the word
15. which shirt to buy
16.which way to follow
17.what to say
18. where to go
19. plan to build
20. remember to close
21. told us to pay attention to
22. didn't allow children to play
23. forced the workers to work / made the workers work
24.saw him go upstairs.
25. heard the rain knocking at
五．1.to study 2.taking 3.to overcome 4.know 5.travelling/to travel
6. went 7.to visit 8. help 9.to protect 10. to make
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