牛津译林版八年级英语下册 Unit 4 A good read 语法讲义与练习（无答案）

8B U4语法演练＋8B U4同步
课堂导入
1. Johnny, you ________ play with the knife. You ________ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
2. You ________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. shouldn’t B. cannot C. mustn’t D. needn’t
3. --Is John coming by train
--He should, but he ________ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. may C. can D. need
知识梳理
语法： (1）情态动词have和must
一．比较have to和must：
1) 两词都是“必须”的意思, have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。 (主观上要做这件事）
2) 在否定结构中： don’t have to 表示 “不必”, mustn’t 表示 “禁止”。
You don’t have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn’t tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
二．情态动词表推测
对现在的推测 对过去的推测
肯定 (一定是）
否定 (一定不是／不可能是）
可能是
三．情态动词的回答
1. 以can开头的一般疑问句, 其肯定和否定回答分别用：can和can’t. (could也是）
2. 以may开头的一般疑问句, 其肯定和否定回答分别用：Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t.
--May I go now --Yes. You may. / No, you mustn’t.
May/might表推测时, 语气最弱。表建议请求时, 语气最委婉。
We may go to Shanghai, but we are not sure.
May 也可以表示祝愿。
May you success!
3. 以must开头的一般疑问句, 其肯定和否定回答分别用：must和needn’t/don’t have to。 -- Must I finish the project today -- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
例题精讲
1. --Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon
--Yes, you ________.
A. must B. can C. may D. need
2. --Must I be in hospital for a week, Doctor
--No, you ________. You can go back home tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. must D. need
3. The desk is not dirty. You ________ clean it.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
4. --What is your mother going to do this Saturday
--I’m not sure. She ________ go to see my grandmother.
A. can B. must C. may D. need
5. --Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening
--No, it ________ be her. She ________ to Japan.
A. mustn’t; has gone B .mustn’t ; has been C. can’t ; has gone D. can’t ; has been
6. It’s the library! So you ________ know shouting is not allowed here.
A. can B. must C. need D. may
7. Boys and girls, don’t forget your report. It ________ today.
A. can’t finish B. can’t be finished C. should finish D. should be finished
8. --Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning.
--No, he ________, because he didn’t know my address.
A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. may not
9. --Must I finish my homework at school
-- ________. You can do it at home and hand it in next week.
A. Yes, you must B. No, you needn’t C. Yes, I can D. No, you mustn’t
10. --The lake is said to be dry. Is that true
--It ________. Look, some kids are swimming in it.
A. must be true B. can’t be true C. may not be true D. may be
语法： (2）疑问词＋to do
“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构：不定式可以和疑问代who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等连用, 构成不定式短语。
一． “疑问词＋动词不定式”结构有两种形式：
(1). “疑问词＋to＋动词原形”
I don’t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
Can you tell me how to make a paper boat？你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗？
(2). “疑问词＋名词＋to＋动词原形”
I don’t know which topic to choose. 我不知道选哪个题目。
二． “疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句子中作宾语、表语等
(1). 表语
The question is which to choose. 问题是选哪个。
(2). 宾语
We must know how to operate the machine. 我们必须弄懂如何操作这机器。
In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.在马克思的一本书中, 他对如何学习一门外语提出了一些建议。 (作介词on的宾语）
“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构经常放在tell, show, teach, learn, know, wonder, discuss, remember, forget, find out等动词 (词组）之后作宾语。例如：
The teacher told the students how to do the experiment. 老师教学生如何做实验。 (句中 told含有taught的意思）
The young woman doesn’t know what to do. 那位年轻女子不知道怎么办。 (句中what不能改换成how）
He tells me how to answer all the questions in English. 他告诉我怎样用英语回答所有的问题。 (句中的how不能省去）
三． “疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语时, 相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如：
Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the bookshop
= Excuse me. Can you tell me how I can get to the bookshop
四． 如何表达“怎么办”
在翻译“怎么办”时, 许多同学译成how to do, 实际上是犯了汉语式英语的错误, “怎么办”的实际意义是“做些什么”, 故应用代词what作动词do的宾语, 而不用副词how。只有在表达“怎样做这件事”时才说how to do it。
概念延伸
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句, 介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
结构
主语＋谓语＋宾语从句
引导词
1．从句为陈述句, 常选择引导词that或将that省略, 直接与主句相连。
2．从句为一般疑问句, 常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
3．从句为特殊疑问句, 常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。 注意：当who为主语时, 句式为：who+谓语+其他。
判断时态情况
1．主句是一般现在时, 从句为各种时态。
2．主句是一般过去时, 从句为各种相应过去时态。 注意：从句描绘客观事实, 用一般现在时。
无论任何时候都为陈述语序.
例题精讲
1. The students do not know ________ this Maths problem.
A. how to deal with B. what to do C. how to do with D. what to deal with
2. Xiao Ming has explained ________ late for class to his teacher.
A. why to be B. why he was C. that he was D. why be
3. Are you sure ________
A. how to work it out B. how to work out it C. what to work out it D. what to work it out
4. He didn’t think ________ was easy.
A. who to choose B. choosing a person C. chose a person D. who choosing
5. He did not say ________ for help.
A. whose to ask B. whom to ask C. which to ask D. what to ask
6. Mr. Wu advised us ________ to choose this shop.
A. which B. from which C. what D. how
7. --I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you
--I haven’t decided where ________.
A. go B. went C. going D. to go
8. I haven’t decided when ________ a holiday yet.
A. took B. taking C. to take D. take
9. --Can I help you, dear
--Yeah, I do not know ________ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can help me.
A. what to do B. when to make C. how to make D. why to do
10. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know ________.
A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which
语法： (3）重点短语
1. 一场慈善演出 a charity show
2. 被选为班长 be chosen to be the monitor
3. 多加练习 practice a lot
练习做某事 practice doing sth.
4. 确信, 肯定 be sure
5. 在网上登广告 advertise on the internet
6. 分发传单 give out the leaflets
7. 捐钱 donate money
8. 把…卖给… sell…to…
9. 筹钱 raise money
10. 返回学校 return to school (go back to school)
return sth. to…(=give sth. back to…)
11. 在贫困地区 in poor areas
12. 写信给… write to …
收到…的来信 hear from sb. = receive a letter from sb.
13. 因为… because of…(+名词、代词或动词-ing形式)
因为 because (＋句子）
14. 准时 on time
及时 in time
15. 把…介绍给… introduce sb to…
16. 值日 on duty
17. 在适合的时间 at the right time
同时 at the same time
18. 在…开始时 at the beginning of…
在…结束时 at the end of…
19. 一直做某事 keep doing sth
20. 发出噪音 make noise
21. 似乎 seem to do sth
22. 得到许多支持 have a lot of support
23. 参加 (活动） take part in
24. 写下, 记下 write down
25. 弄错了 by mistake
26. 至少 at least
最多 at most
27. 真是太成功了 It is a big success.
28. 帮助支付他们的学费 help pay for their education
29. 搭建舞台 set up the stage
30. 开会 have a meeting/ hold a meeting
31. 在学生中安排工作 arrange work among the students
32. 在一个下雪的夜晚 on a snowy night
33. 从现在开始 from now on
34. 保持沉默 keep silent
35. 关心 care about
例题精讲
从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空(每个词或短语只能用一次)。
1. Can you tell me how __________________ in the library
2. The first Harry Potter book ______________________ in the beginning.
3. Our teacher told us ________________________ our homework.
4. His novels __________________ many languages since it was published.
5. We can ________________________ the past by reading history books.
6. The little girl ___________________ speak many languages when she was young
7. It was raining heavily, so he ________________ stay at home.
8. He _______________________ after a hard day’s work.
9. Good books can _________________ a whole new world to everyone.
10. You must return the dictionary to me ________________.
课堂练习语法：
一、情态动词have和must
1. --Is the man over there Mr. Brown
--It ________ be him. He’s much shorter.
A. must B. can’t C. needn’t D. may
2. -- ________ your American friend eat with chopsticks
--Yes, but he can’t use them well.
A. need B. might C. must D. can
3. --Listen! Is it Linda singing in the next room
--No, it ________ be her. She is still in Shanghai.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. might not
4. --This pair of shoes ________ belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much.
--It ________ be his. It’s too large for him.
A. can; can’t B. may; needn’t C. must; mustn’t D. must; can’t
5. You ________ smoke. You are only 14 and it isn’t allowed.
A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. needn’t D. won’t
6. --Can I go to the movie, Mum
--Certainly, But you ________ be back by ten o’clock.
A. can B. may C. might D. must
7. --Who’s that man Is he Mr. Brown
--That ________ be Mr. Brown. He never walks this way.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. must D. can
8. --________ I use your ruler, Lingling
--Sure. Here you are.
A. May B. Would C. Need D. Must
9. --Must I finish my homework right now
--No, you ________.
A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. can’t
10. --You ________ be hungry already.
--You had lunch only two hours ago!
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
11. --What do you think we can do for our aged parents
--You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t
12. John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke. And he has never smoked ever since.
A. might B. should C. could D. would
13. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
14. --Liza ________ well not want to go on the trip --She hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
15. She ________ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
16. According to the air traffic rules, you ________ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
A. may B. can C. would D. should
17. --I can’t find my purse anywhere.
--You ________ have lost it while shopping.
A. may B. can C. should D. would
18. --I’m sorry. I ________ at you the other day.
--Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
19. --What sort of house do you want to have Something big
--Well, it ________ be big, that’s not important.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
20. --What does the sign over there read
-- “No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”
A. will B. may C. shall D. must
二、疑问词＋to do
(1）改写句子
1. He showed me how I can start the online tour.
He showed me ________ ________ ________ the online tour.
2. I don’t know what he said.
I don’t know ________ _______ ________.
3. Tom forgot when he met his friends.
Tom forgot ________ ________ ________ his friends.
4. Sandy is wondering where she asks for help.
Sandy is wondering ________ ________ ________ for help.
5. Amy does not know how she writes the report.
Amy does not know ________ ________ ________ the report.
(2）单项选择
1. Excuse me, I lost my way. Will you please tell me ________
A. where am I B. where I am C. where you are D. where are you
2. --Can you tell me how many colors ________ in a rainbow
--Seven.
A. there are B. are there C. they are D. are they
3. If you watch carefully, you can see ________ the man does the trick
A. who B. what C. how D. which
4. People in Yancheng are proud of ________ they have achieved in the past thirty years.
A. how B. which C. what D. when
5. --Do you know ________ World Water Day is
--On March 22nd.
A. When B. Where C. What D. which
6. Don’t wait for people to be friendly, show them ________ a friendly person you are.
A. what B. how C. when D. where
7. You don’t know ________ I want to see you again. It’s a year since I last saw you.
A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how much
8. We want to know ________ he will come back, as we are worried about his safety.
A. how often B. how soon C. how much D. how long
9. --Simon, I wonder ________.
--Last Saturday.
A. when the foreign visitors arrived B. when did the foreign visitors arrive
C. when the foreign visitors will arrive D. when will the foreign visitors arrive
10. --Tom, please tell me ________.
--In Sunshine Second School.
A. where will the match take place B. where the match will take place
C. when will the match take place D. when the match will take place
课后作业
一、单项选择
1. Some aspects of a pilot’s job ________ be bring; and pilots often ________ work at inconvenient.
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
2. MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where ________ I have put it
A. can B. must C. should D. would
3. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I ________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ________ take care of your luggage.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
5. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I ________ have driven her there.
A. could B. must C. might D. should
6. --Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don’t forget it!
--OK, I ________.
A. won’t B. don’t C. can’t D. needn’t
7. --How is your tour around the North Lake Is it beautiful
--It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
8. --What’s the name
--Khulaifi. ________ I spell that for you
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
9. --Who is the girl standing over there
--Well, if you ________ know, her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
10. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ________ have attended your lecture.
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
11. ________ new film Ready Player One by Spielberg is ________ great success.
A. /; a B. A; an C. /; the D. The; a
12. There is no difference between these two skirts, so I really don’t know ________.
A .which choose one B. to choose which one
C. which one to choose D. which to choose one
13. There is some good ________ how to spend holidays in this article.
A. advices; on B. advise; in C. advice; on D. advice; in
14. --What fun Gulliver’s Travels is!
--Yeah! I am ________ in reading the novel, too. It’s so ________.
A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting
C. interested; interest D. interesting; interest
15. --Do you like novels and plays
--Yes. Some of them really ________ me to tears while reading.
A. encourage B. change C. touch D. please
16. In some countries people can’t download music from the Internet without paying, because it is ________ the law.
A. above B. on C. against D. for
17. He lost his key. It made ________ in the cold for his wife’s return.
A. his waiting B. him to wait C. his wait D. him wait
18. --Can you come to have dinner with me this evening
--I’m afraid not. I ________ take care of my grandmother. She is ill.
A. can’t B. have to C. may D. could
19. --Must I complete the composition n today, sir --No, you________. You may ________ tomorrow.
A. mustn’t; hand on it B. shouldn’t; hand it out
C. don’t have to; hand in it D. needn’t ; hand it in
20. Tigers wait ________ it is dark, then go outside for their food.
A. as B. until C. with D. before
21. --I hear that Tony has been to many countries. What exciting ________ he has!
--Yes, and he has so much ________ in travelling.
A. experience; experiences B. experiences; experience
C. experience; experience D. experiences; experiences
22. I know you like reading books about science, so I recommend ________ to you.
A. Moment in Peking B. Flags of our fathers
C. A brief history of time D. Gulliver’s travel
23. Everyone has problems sometimes. The most important thing is that we need to learn ________ them
A. how to do B. what to do with
C. how to do with D. what should do
24. Sorry, I am new here. I don’t know how to get to the park, ________.
A. too B. either C. as well D. also
25. --To London Don’t miss red phone boxes in the streets. They are a symbol of English culture.
--________.
A. Thanks for your advice. B. I hope so.
C. Sorry, I don’t know. D. Thank you all the same.
二、词汇
A. 根据句子意思和汉语或字母提示, 填写正确的单词
1. The man is poor in money, but rich in _____________. (知识)
2. She hasn’t been to Beijing. I haven’t been there, _____________. (也)
3. Hey, guys. Don’t go to work with empty ______________ (肚子). You must eat something.
4. Daniel is busy _____________ (翻译) this book into English.
5. I think Claude Frollo is the _____________ (丑陋的) man in The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
B. 根据短文内容和首字母提示完成单词
As we know, reading has a lot of advantages. I like reading very much. And n____6____ are my favourite. I spend a lot of time reading books in my s____7____ time. Last month I read Gulliver’s Travel by Jonathan Swift. He was one of the most great w____8____ in Britain. After finishing it, I c____9____ reading another book called The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The main characters in the book really t____10____ me.
_________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. ___________ 10. __________
三、完形填空
Have you ever seen the advertisement: Learn a foreign language in six weeks, ____1____ give your money back Of course, it ____2____ happens quite like that. The only language ____3____ to learn is the mother language. And think ____4____ practice is needed for that. Before the Second World War people usually learned a foreign language ____5____ the literature (文学) of the country. Now most people want to ____6____ a foreign language. Every year millions of people start learning ____7____. How do they do it Some people try at home ____8____ books and tapes, others go to evening classes or watch TV programs. ____9____ they use the language only 2 or 3 times a week, learning it will ____10____ a long time, like language learning at school. A few people try to learn a language fast by studying for 6 or ___11___hours a day. It's much easier to learn the language in the country where it ____12____. But most people are ____13____ to do this, and many people don't have to do so. Machines and good books will be very ____14____, but they can not do the students’ work. ____15____ the language is learned quickly or slowly, it is hard work.
1. A. so B. or C. and D. but
2. A. can’t B. impossible C. never D. often
3. A. easily B. difficult C. able D. easy
4. A. how much B. how long C. how fast D. how many
5. A. studied B. to study C. studying D. study
6. A. talk B. tell C. speak D. say
7. A. them B. this C. that D. it
8. A. without B. with C. in D. by
9. A. If B. When C. Since D. Until
10. A. spend B. use C. take D. cost
11. A. some B. more C. other D. less
12. A. speaks B. is speaking C. spoke D. is spoken
13. A. able B. possible C. unable D. not possible
14. A. careful B. forgetful C. wonderful D. helpful
15. A. either B. whether C. what D. how
四、阅读理解
Mrs. Smith has a bottle of medicine named 666 POWDER FOR COLD at home. Here is the instruction of it.
Description: For the relief (消除) of common cold, cough, headache, fever and sore throat. Directions: Take three times after meals. You must obey the following dose(剂量) each time: Under 6 years: ask for a doctor 6—11years: 1/2 spoon = 5g 12 years or above: 1 spoon = 10g Weight: 60g each bottle Production Date: Dec. 2011 Keeping Time: 3 years Warning:1. Put in a cool, dry and clean place. Keep away from sunlight and the reach of children. 2. Don’t overdose. In case of overdose, get medical help as soon as possible. 3. Don’t take if you have heart disease, high blood pressure or you are going to give a birth. 4. Stop taking and go to ask a doctor if you feel sleepy, tired and nervous in an hour after taking. 5. Don’t keep on using over one week.
1. What kind of patients mustn’t take 666 POWDER FOR COLD
A. The patients who have got a fever. B. The patients who have got a cough.
C. The patients who have got a sore throat. D. The patients who have got a heart disease.
2. How many days can a bottle of 666 POWDER FOR COLD last for an adult patient at least
A. One day B. Two days. C. Three days D. Six days.
3. Mrs. Smith’s baby, John, six months old, has got a cold. What do you think she should do
A. She should feed him 1/2 spoon of 666 POWDER FOR COLD three times a day
B. She should feed him 1 spoon of 666 POWDER FOR COLD three times a day.
C. She should take him to see a doctor and get to know what’s wrong with her son.
D. She should feed him 1/2 spoon of 666 POWDER FOR COLD only once
4. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Patients can take the 666 POWDER FOR COLD in February, 2015.
B. If patients take more than one spoon at a time, they need to see a doctor.
C. If patients don’t feel well after taking, they need to see a doctor.
D. Patients can’t use 666 POWDER FOR COLD for more than seven days.