PAGE
第 6 页 共 6 页
Unit 1 课时跟踪检测(二)
Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
Ⅰ.单词拼写或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．You're going out But who will attend (照料) to the baby
2．We defeated (打败) the other team by six runs.
3．The election of the new government was met by a challenge (挑战) from its opponents.
4．The police detained (拘留) the suspect (嫌疑犯) to make further inquiries.
5．“For every disease there is some herb to cure (治愈) it，” he always said.
6．He was interested in science when he was young. After he grew up to be a scientist,_he liked to do scientific experiments to test his ideas.(science)
7.The old man often instructed us how to behave well in public and his instruction made a deep impression on us.(instruct)
8．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth. I came to the conclusion that he was lying.(conclude)
9．The river has been polluted seriously, and the pollution does great harm to the local people.(pollute)
10．They made an announcement that all the results would be announced in three days.(announce)
Ⅱ.选词填空
put forward， be absorbed in， make an announcement， link ... to， suspect ... of， expose ... to， cure ... of， be expert at， be to blame， draw a conclusion)
1.Nothing could cure her of her impatience with Anna.
2．We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
3．It may not be a great suggestion. But before a better one is put_forward,_we'll make do with it.
4．After a heated discussion, they drew_a_conclusion in the end.
5．Fingerprints linked the suspect to the case.
6．She is_expert_at making cheap but stylish clothes.
7．The man suspected_of carrying drugs was caught by the police.
8．It seemed that the bad road conditions were_to_blame for the accident.
9．Absorbed_in his writing, the writer didn't notice someone enter the room.
10．The government made_an_announcement about changes in the drug war.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Only by undertaking the analysis of the data can_you_draw_a_conclusion.
只有通过仔细分析这些数据，你才能得出结论。
2．He was_absorbed_in_writing a letter and didn't even notice his friends' coming.
他在聚精会神地写信，甚至没注意到朋友们的到来。
3．Neither_you_nor_your_brother_is to take charge of the project.
你和你弟弟都不能负责这项工程。
4．Every_time_I_ring_her,_the phone is busy.
我每次给她打电话，电话都占线。
5．It is so_challenging_a_job_that I can't finish it on my own.
这是一个如此具有挑战性的工作，我自己无法完成。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
On a very hot June day in 1876, when Reginald A. Fessenden was 10 years old, he surprised his friends by hitting them with snowballs, the result of his first experiment.
Reginald had noticed that winter ice in the shade took a long time to melt. He wondered whether packing snow in a box and storing it in the shade would keep it from melting. Sure enough, it did, and Reginald hit his amazed friends with snowballs in summer.
Young Reginald was driven to find answers to questions that puzzled him. As a hard worker and good student, Reginald had a master's degree in mathematics when he was 14. By age 20, he had moved from his native Canada to the British colony (殖民地) of Bermuda, about 650 miles off the North Carolina coast. There he became a teacher and schoolmaster.
Attracted by science, he contacted (联系) Thomas Edison, writing, “Do not know anything about electricity, but can learn pretty quick.”
Edison replied, “Have enough men now who do not know about electricity.” But Reginald kept after Edison, and soon he became chief chemist of Edison's electrical works in New Jersey.
In 1900, Reginald moved to Washington to work for the U．S. Weather Bureau on an exciting question: Can the dot?and?dash (点划相间的) wireless radio of Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi also carry the human voice
Reginald and a Weather Bureau team set up two 50?foot?tall antennas (天线) on Cobb Island, Maryland, in the Potomac River about 50 miles south of Washington. Using steam engines to produce electricity and improving the technical work of many other scientists, Reginald sent speech over a distance of one mile on December 23, 1990. It was an achievement that prepared an easy way for cell phone conversations. On Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald sent the world's first voice radio broadcast: a holiday program featuring himself playing the violin and singing.
Reginald became rich and famous because of several communications inventions and was buried in Bermuda, where he died in 1932.
1．How did Reginald get snowballs in hot June
A．By storing snow in a lab.
B．By collecting melting ice.
C．By creating snow with water.
D．By keeping snow in the shade.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“He wondered whether packing snow in a box and storing it in the shade would keep it from melting. Sure enough, it did”可知D项正确。
2．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that Reginald ________.
A．dreamed of being a teacher
B．became a schoolmaster at 14
C．was proud of his achievements
D．was very curious and intelligent
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Young Reginald was driven to find answers to questions that puzzled him ... good student, Reginald had a master's degree in mathematics when he was 14”可推断，Reginald求知欲强且很聪明。
3．The first time Reginald wrote to Thomas Edison, _______.
A．he was given a job
B．he was turned down
C．Edison didn't reply to him
D．Edison was deeply impressed
解析：选B 推理判断题。由第五段中的“Edison replied, ‘Have enough men now who do not know about electricity.'”可推断，Reginald初次向爱迪生自荐时被拒绝了。
4．What is Paragraph 7 mainly about
A．Reginald's hobbies.
B．Reginald's favorite festival.
C．Reginald's inventing experiences.
D．Reginald's interest in cell phones.
解析：选D 段落大意题。第七段主要讲了Reginald探索远距离通话方法和发明广播的过程。
B
Henrietta Swan Leavitt was born on July 4, 1869, in Massachusetts.Little is known about her private life.As a college student, she studied a number of subjects and fell in love with astronomy.
Leavitt never married and was considered a serious woman with little time to waste on unimportant aspects of life.Her co workers described her as pleasant and friendly, and much focused on the importance of the work she was doing.She began to lose her hearing as a young woman due to a condition that only worsened with time.
In 1893, she began working at Harvard College Observatory under the direction of astronomer E．C.Pickering.He directed a group of women, who were called “computers”．These “computers” conducted important astronomy research by studying photographic plates (照相底片) of the sky and cataloging (编目录) characteristics of stars.The women were not allowed to operate telescopes, which limited their ability to conduct their own research.They lived at a time when women's contributions were undervalued or ignored.
Henrietta Leavitt continued her research until just before her death, always thinking of herself as an astronomer, despite her start as a nameless “computer” in Pickering's department.While Leavitt was not officially recognized during her life for her work, Harlow Shapley, the astronomer who was the Harvard College Observatory director, did recognize her worth and made her head of Stellar Photometry in 1921.
At that time Leavitt was suffering from cancer, and she died at the same year. This prevented her from being recognized as a Nobel Prize owner for her contributions.After her death, her name was placed on a lunar crater (月球陨石坑), and asteroid (小行星) 5383 Leavitt carries her name.At least one book has been published about her and her name is usually mentioned as part of the history of astronomical contributions.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。在大学的时候，Leavitt就对天文学产生了浓厚的兴趣，虽然那个年代存在对女性的歧视，但这并没有影响Leavitt取得非凡的成就。
5．What can we learn about Leavitt
A．She was hard to get along with.
B．She suffered from cancer in childhood.
C．She never regarded herself as an astronomer.
D．She became interested in astronomy at college.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“As a college student, she studied a number of subjects and fell in love with astronomy”可知，Leavitt在大学期间就对天文学产生了兴趣。
6．Why were the women regarded as “computers”？
A．They devoted themselves to science.
B．They were looked down upon by others.
C．They used to serve as working computers.
D．They knew nothing but photographic plates.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“They lived at a time when women's contributions were undervalued or ignored”可以推断出，她们被人们叫做“computers”是因为在那个年代，女性的成就是被人低估或忽视的。
7．What happened after Leavitt's death
A．She was honored in a special way.
B．A Nobel Prize was awarded to her.
C．One of her books was published.
D．Her achievements were ignored.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“After her death, her name was placed on a lunar crater (月球陨石坑), and asteroid (小行星) 5383 Leavitt carries her name”可知，Leavitt去世后人们用特别的方式纪念她。
8．Which of the following can best describe Leavitt
A．Devoted. B．Generous.
C．Reliable. D．Energetic.
解析：选A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，Leavitt热爱天文，对工作认真，尽管生前没有得到应有的荣誉也兢兢业业，很有奉献精神。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
Sometimes it can be difficult to relate to the generations that have come before us.__1__ But older people have plenty of wisdom and knowledge to share with younger generations, and treating them with respect should be second nature for all of us.
Call people sir or ma'am. Even if you've grown up in a more casual environment where you usually call your friends' parents by their first names, you shouldn't assume that all older people are comfortable with that kind of informal title.__2__ They prefer you call them Mr./Mrs. That's why it's always best to ask what name they prefer and use sir or ma'am when you don't feel comfortable asking.
__3__ While it's true that many elderly people have health problems that may require special assistance, aging doesn't affect all people in the same way.Assuming that an older person has poor eyesight or hearing can be extremely embarrassing and make him or her feel self conscious.That's especially true if you make a big deal out of it, such as raising your voice every time you speak to him or her.If you're unsure whether an older person has such problems, just ask.__4__
Show interest in their lives. It's easy to think that older people don't have much going on because they don't do many of the things that they used to when they were younger.__5__ When you visit or call your elderly loved ones, make sure to ask about their favorite activities.If they have a hobby that they particularly enjoy, you might even offer to do it with them.That's a great way to show them just how interested you are in what's important to them.
A．Do offer them necessary help.
B．Don't assume they have disabilities.
C．However, many elderly people are still active.
D．Some elderly people may be more traditional.
E．We ourselves will be old some day in the future.
F．It's better to be straightforward than to risk annoying someone.
G．Growing up differently makes us feel we have nothing in common with them.
1．选G G项所述“成长环境不同让我们觉得自己与他们无任何相似之处”与“Sometimes it can be difficult to relate to the generations that have come before us”有意义上的递进关系。
2．选D 设空前一句中的“informal”与D项中的traditional构成反义；设空后一句中的“They”与D项中的Some elderly people是同一所指。
3．选B 设空处为段落小标题。根据本段的内容介绍，尤其是“poor eyesight or hearing”等关键词可知，B项“不要假设他们身患残疾”符合语境。
4．选F 设空处与前一句“If you're unsure whether an older person has such problems, just ask”之间暗含了因果关系。F项所述“直截了当总好过冒险惹人生气”符合语境。
5．选C 设空前一句“It's easy to think that older people don't have much going on because they don't do many of the things that they used to when they were younger”的大意是：我们常不假思索就认为老年人的生活很单调，因为他们不再像过去一样做那么多事情。这一句与C项“然而，许多老年人依旧很活跃”形成句意上的转折。
Ⅵ.课时微写作(根据提示完成小作文)
Thomas Edison is one of the most superb scientists in the world and we 1.can_learn_a_great_deal (能学到很多东西) from him. But in his childhood, his teacher once 2.predicted_that (预言) he would achieve nothing. However, his mother 3.had_no_faith_in (不相信) what the teacher said and soon found her child 4.was_possessed_of (拥有) rich imagination. With his mother's help, he set his goal of 5.aiming_to_become (想成为) a great inventor. He 6.attempted to carry out many experiments (尝试着做了许多实验) and at last realized his dream.PAGE
第 8 页 共 8 页
Unit 1 课时跟踪检测(三)
Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．The trade union movement (运动) is concerned with working conditions.
2．He finished the work in a positive (积极的) way.
3．The plane was spinning (旋转) out of control.
4．He walked backward (向后) before turning and ran away.
5．As can be seen from the chart (图表), more and more people own mobile phones in China now.
6．Sarah rejected (拒绝) her brother's offer of help, which made him upset.
7．As far as I know, Mark is a cautious (谨慎的) shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable.
8．You don't sound very enthusiastic (热情的) about the idea.
9．The famous star has contributed a lot of money to the school and has made a great contribution to the building of the school.(contribute)
10．The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)
Ⅱ.选词填空
make sense， be strict with， be positive about， contribute to， apart from， make a difference， be enthusiastic about， be cautious about， lead to， put forward
1.“You've often made the same mistakes. I will be_strict_with you from now on，”the teacher said to Tom.
2．We must take an active attitude to our work. That means, we've got to be_positive_about it.
3．You have to be_cautious_about making a comment on your students' performance in school.
4．The easiest way to make_a_difference is not to drop litter.
5．David is_enthusiastic_about the plan that we will go on holiday in Sanya, because he wants to go with us.
6．Apart_from the cost, the dress doesn't suit me.
7．What he has said doesn't make_sense. I can't understand it.
8．The use of information technology could lead_to major progress for developing nations.
9．The expert put_forward a suggestion on how to reduce air pollution.
10．Quality oriented education makes sure that everyone, no matter who he is, can realize his dream and contribute_to our society.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．The volunteers contribute_their_own_time_to the project.
志愿者把自己的时间花在这个计划上。
2．Can you make_sense_of what the foreigner said just now
你能理解这位外国人刚才说的话吗？
3．Only_if_you_study_hard_will_you pass the final examination.
只有努力学习，你才能通过期末考试。
4．He lay on the grass with_his_eyes_looking_at the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼望天空。
5．Apart_from_being_an_expert on DNA, Professor Wang is also carrying out research on medicine.
除了是DNA方面的专家，王教授还进行医药方面的研究。
6．All the staff are_enthusiastic_about the project which will benefit them greatly.
所有员工都很热衷于这个会给他们带来益处的项目。
Ⅳ.完形填空
The Lift Garage (汽车修理厂) has an unusual task.It's a nonprofit garage that aims to __1__ low income people of car troubles.
Almost any driver can __2__ a car repair that squeezed his or her wallet.For low income people, such a repair can be __3__.Instead of paying for the repair, they may __4__ driving the unsafe car or just stop driving.That would, in turn, cause great inconvenience to their lives.That's the problem Ms.Heying, founder of The Lift, is ready to __5__.Her garage provides low cost __6__， free pre purchase inspections, and __7__ advice for its customers.
Heying was __8__ to open her own garage in 2013 after volunteering at St.Stephen's Shelter for the homeless.She found that __9__ a shelter guest had a car, it was often faulty and unsafe, and repair costs would make their financial (财务的) __10__ worse.She expected those poor people could have a __11__ means of transportation. __12__， she decided to do something about it.She __13__ the auto (汽车) technology class at Dunwoody College of Technology.She was the only woman in the class and a special student with a background in __14__ work.When she shared her idea of a nonprofit affordable car service, her teachers and classmates were deeply __15__.The teacher said what really made Heying __16__ was her commitment to learning and her desire to __17__ others.
Now, Heying uses her degree to help her customers understand cars more and make better __18__ about their cars.Heying aims to __19__ them not just repair services, but also the sense of independence and freedom that comes with a well functioning car.“It's a __20__ job, and I love it，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。修车对于普通人来说是一笔不小的开销，对于低收入人群而言，更是难以承受的经济负担。Heying在做志愿者期间了解到这种情况后，立志改善这种现状，她开设了一家非营利性的汽修厂，为低收入的人群提供超低价的维修服务。1．A.ease B．accuse
C．inform D．cure
解析：选A 根据上句中的“an unusual task”以及空前的“nonprofit”可知，The Lift汽修厂的目标是帮助低收入人群解决汽车维修方面的麻烦。
2．A.appreciate B．afford
C．recall D．imagine
解析：选C 根据下文语境以及常识可知，几乎所有的司机都能回想起因为修车把钱包榨干的经历。
3．A.convincing B．surprising
C．disappointing D．damaging
解析：选D 对于低收入人群而言，修车费用对他们来说更是毁灭性的。
4．A.forget B．risk
C．suggest D．enjoy
解析：选B 根据空后“unsafe”可知，因为经济状况不好，有时低薪人群不去修车，而是选择冒险开着有问题的车辆或是干脆不开了。
5．A.gather B．present
C．approach D．meet
解析：选C 根据文章第一段对The Lift的介绍可推断，这就是Heying(The Lift汽修厂的创始人)要解决的问题。
6．A.supplies B．repairs
C．activities D．machines
解析：选B The Lift提供低价的维修服务、免费的购前车辆检查以及实用性的建议。
7．A.practical B．legal
C．flexible D．medical
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
8．A.forced B．persuaded
C．allowed D．inspired
解析：选D 根据空后的描述可知，Heying在参加一项志愿者活动之后受到启发，创立了这家汽修厂。
9．A.if B．before
C．because D．unless
解析：选A 她发现收容所的房客如果有车的话，也经常是有故障的车，开起来有危险。
10．A.service B．situation
C．suggestion D．management
解析：选B 修理费会让他们的经济状况更糟糕。
11．A.portable B．movable
C．reliable D．valuable
解析：选C 她希望穷人可以有可靠的出行工具。
12．A.However B．Otherwise
C．Besides D．Therefore
解析：选D 因此，Heying决定做些什么来改变这种情况。
13．A.conducted B．skipped
C．attended D．taught
解析：选C 根据下文“her teachers and classmates”可知，Heying参加了汽车技术学习班。
14．A.formal B．social
C．routine D．educational
解析：选B 根据上文Heying参加志愿者活动的介绍可知，她有社会工作的背景。
15．A.disturbed B．hurt
C．moved D．surprised
解析：选C Heying看到低收入人群的困境，想要为他们提供可负担的起的汽车服务。当她跟老师和同学们分享她的这一想法时，他们被深深感动了。
16．A.stand out B．show off
C．stay up D．carry on
解析：选A 老师说真正使Heying脱颖而出的是她对学习的专注和帮助他人的愿望。
17．A.protect B．comfort
C．know D．help
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
18．A.introductions B．decisions
C．comparisons D．impressions
解析：选B 现在Heying利用她所学的知识帮助顾客深入了解汽车，并根据车辆状况做出更好的决定，从而能够有效地帮助顾客省钱。
19．A.lend B．buy
C．show D．offer
解析：选D Heying的目标不仅是为低收入人群提供廉价的汽修服务，而且要给他们带来独立和自由的感觉。
20．A.meaningful B．demanding
C．purposeful D．challenging
解析：选A Heying说：“这是一份很有意义的工作，我很爱这份工作。”
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to “build a bridge” with things you know about, and then “bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics”．
Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a million dollar question: What if I went through a wormhole and prevented my parents from meeting “Most of us believe that the universe makes sense，” Greene said. “Although there are several interesting theories about time travel，” he added, “the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox (悖论) is open for future physicists to solve.”
When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, “make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math.”
When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. “The basic stuff is important，” Greene said.“But I think it's also really important to describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details.”
Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is “not just a matter of solving problems in an exam”. It's about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena (现象) — and having fun!
语篇解读：本文是说明文。物理学家Brian Greene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。
1．A million?dollar question in Paragraph 2 is probably very ________.
A．direct B．difficult
C．personal D．long
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。
2．The books by Weinberg and Susskind are ________.
A．boring to read
B．mainly about math
C．popular science books
D．only popular among kids
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“... books by ... make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math”可知，Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这些书属于科普读物。
3．According to Paragraph 4, which of the following does Greene agree with
A．Modern physics is a boring subject.
B．Interest plays an important role in studying.
C．It is not necessary to learn all about physics.
D．It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时，Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事，并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象，如果孩子们知道了这些，他们就愿意了解更多详细的内容。因此他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。
4．In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that kids can ________.
A．love science and physics
B．do well in physics exams
C．have fun with experiments
D．find more strange things in life
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same.”可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。
B
Aaron Weaver was born on April 14th, 1998 with only his left eye.It was very likely that this would also come with brain damage.There was a million to one chance that he would not have brain damage, yet he doesn't.He went through 25 reconstructive operations and received a prosthetic (假体的) eye.
He grew up in a rural town in North Carolina attending the local schools.When he was in the 4th grade he dreamed of becoming an author and he carried that dream with him throughout his life, but he faced many difficulties.
From his first day of pre school to his last day of high school he was looked at strangely and called names.Each year it would get worse and worse.People would call him “Cyclops (独眼巨人)” and would tell him that he was a mistake.Along with this he suffered from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (强迫症) which made it difficult for him to do normal daily activities.
In 2016 he graduated from high school with the support of a loving family and the help of teachers and friends.He began to write a book covering one of his favorite things, zombies (僵尸)．A year later he completed his book and one of his former teachers assisted him in finding a publishing company.He submitted his book to the company, Covenant Books, for the very first time and they decided to publish it.In late 2017 The Human Apocalypse was published and is now being sold in most bookshops.Aaron has overcome a life of people not accepting him and is pursuing his dream while influencing others to do the same.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。Aaron Weaver因生来就只有一只眼睛，在学校被人取笑，但他在高中毕业后出版了自己的第一本书，实现了梦想。他的故事告诉我们：即使困难重重，也要追求自己的梦想。
5．At school Aaron Weaver was made fun of for his ________.
A．physical feature B．strange behavior
C．bad performance D．improper dressing
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句及第三段的“People would call him ‘Cyclops (独眼巨人)’ and would tell him that he was a mistake”可知，因为身体上的残疾，Aaron Weaver受到了同学们的嘲笑。
6．What resulted in Aaron Weaver's trouble with normal daily activities
A．A mental illness.
B．His brain damage.
C．His poor learning ability.
D．A problem with his eyes.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Along with this he suffered from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (强迫症) which made it difficult for him to do normal daily activities”可知，是心理上的疾病导致了他日常活动中的困难。
7．What can we learn about Aaron Weaver's first book
A．It was published with his parents' help.
B．It was inspired by his teacher.
C．It describes his own stories.
D．It is a great success.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In late 2017 The Human Apocalypse was published and is now being sold in most bookshops”可知，他的第一本书获得了成功。
8．What's the author's purpose in telling Aaron Weaver's story
A．To inspire people to write their books.
B．To encourage people to pursue their dreams.
C．To advise people to influence others positively.
D．To warn people not to look down on the disabled.
解析：选B 写作意图题。通读全文可知，Aaron Weaver生来就只有一只眼睛，他在学校被人取笑，还因此而得了强迫症。高中毕业后他著写并出版了自己的第一本书，实现了梦想。他的故事告诉我们：即使困难重重，也要追求自己的梦想。PAGE
第 5 页 共 5 页
Unit 1 课时跟踪检测(一)
Warming Up & Reading —Pre-reading
阅读理解
A
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction — to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.
Albert did not like school. The German schools of that time were not pleasant. Students could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.
In 1905, Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Relativity (相对论)”. Ten years later he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relativity”．
In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him not for his theories of relativity, but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect (光电效应)．
Albert Einstein left Germany in 1933. He moved to the United States to continue his research. Einstein became a citizen of the United States in 1940.
Einstein was a famous man, but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. Students and friends said he had a way of explaining difficult ideas using images that were easy to understand.
Einstein spent the last twenty five years of his life working on what he called a “unified field theory”. He hoped to find a common mathematical statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics. He did not succeed.
Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy six.
语篇解读：爱因斯坦是一位伟大的物理学家，他创立了“相对论”，为现代物理学作出了突出贡献。本文简要介绍了他传奇的一生。
1.What do we know about Albert Einstein in his childhood
A．He was very clever.
B．He liked talking with people.
C．He was curious about new things.
D．He was good at inventing new things.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段关于爱因斯坦对罗盘产生好奇的故事可以推断出，他对新事物充满好奇心，因此C项正确。
2．What's the right order of the following events about Albert Einstein
a．He became a citizen of the United States.
b．He won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
c．He put forward his “General Theory of Relativity”．
d．He left Germany for the United States.
A．d，b，c，a B．d，a，c，b
C．b，c，d，a D．c，b，d，a
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第三、四、五段可以得知，a、b、c、d四项发生的时间分别为1940年、1921年、1915年及1933年，因此D项正确。
3．What's the passage mainly about
A．The life story of Albert Einstein.
B．The scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein.
C．Albert Einstein and his theories of relativity.
D．How Albert Einstein won great success in his life.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。本文简要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，因此A项最为恰当。
B
Bertha von Suttner received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905 — she was the first woman to receive it, and also the inspiration for the creation of the Nobel Prize.
She met Alfred Nobel, a rich millionaire, by answering his newspaper ad for a secretary. Although she only worked for him for a few weeks, she remained good friends with Alfred Nobel for the next 20 years. When she became involved in the peace movement in Europe, she promised to keep Nobel informed of its progress. When Alfred Nobel died in 1896, his will included the establishment of a peace prize, thanks to Bertha von Suttner's influence.
Bertha von Suttner was born in an aristocratic (贵族的) military family, but she spent the second half of her life working for peace. She wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies in Austria, Germany and Hungary, as well as the International Peace Bureau in Switzerland. Her novel, Lay Down Your Arms, was one of the most influential anti?war books of all time, and helped to make her a leader of the peace movement in Europe. Its end to war theme was both the ambition (抱负) and the most important goal in the life of this great woman.
Bertha von Suttner worked so hard for peace because she believed that a terrible war would break out in Europe if nations didn't work hard to establish lasting peace institutions. She made many major achievements for a more peaceful world, but two months after she died, World War Ⅰ broke out. A hundred years after she won the Nobel Peace Prize, nations still seem to view war as a choice to work out their problems. But like Bertha von Suttner did, many today are working hard around the world to help strengthen peace institutions and spread the idea that it's time to put an end to war.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章介绍了第一位女性诺贝尔和平奖获得者Bertha von Suttner。
4．Bertha von Suttner ________.
A．worked for Alfred Nobel for 20 years
B．helped Alfred Nobel draw up his will
C．persuaded Alfred Nobel to join the peace movement
D．inspired Alfred Nobel to establish the Nobel Peace Prize
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段中的“also the inspiration for the creation of the Nobel Prize”和第二段中的“his will included the establishment of a peace prize, thanks to Bertha von Suttner's influence”可知，诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中指明设立诺贝尔和平奖主要是受到Bertha von Suttner的影响。
5．Paragraph 3 is mainly about Bertha von Suttner's ________.
A．efforts and contributions to the peace movement
B．family background and work experiences
C．writing career and life experiences
D．ambition and goals in life
解析：选A 段落大意题。由第三段中的“wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies ”和“the most influential anti?war books”以及“a leader of the peace movement in Europe”可知，本段主要讲述了Bertha von Suttner为和平运动所做出的努力和贡献。
6．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Bertha von Suttner's fight for peace is still shared by many.
B．Bertha von Suttner failed to found peace institutions.
C．Bertha von Suttner successfully predicted a war.
D．Bertha von Suttner lost her life in World War Ⅰ.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句可知，今天很多人依然在努力帮助实现世界和平、传播结束战争的思想。
C
Ikea is known for designing furniture that people can put together themselves.Recently, a team from Ikea spent time inside a Mars research center to get new design ideas.
For three days, five Ikea designers lived inside the Mars Desert Research Station in Utah.It simulates (模仿) the Mars environment for humans taking part in experiments and training.
“It's a crazy, fun experience，” said Ikea Creative Leader Michael Nikolic, who took part in the project.“We're completely isolated (隔离的) for three days to get a taste of what astronauts go through for three years.”
The team spent most of its time inside the Mars habitat — a round, two story building just eight meters in diameter (直径)．The habitat contains a laboratory for doing experiments, as well as separate areas for eating, sleeping and other activities.
The Ikea designers received NASA training before heading to the research center.Their guide during the habitat visit was space architect Constance Adams.She said the experience was meant to show the team how conditions in space affect the whole design process.For example, air is very limited in space and must be reused for many months, even years.This means all materials have to be designed with this in mind.Another consideration is the huge cost of space transportation.Adams said it would cost about $2 million to transport just one kilo of things to the surface of Mars.This makes it unfeasible for Ikea to send materials to Mars, unless the cost can greatly be reduced.
Marcus Engman is Ikea's Head of Design.He said, “My dream outcome would be to solve the biggest problem on earth.I guess it's the same problem in space — and that is the thing about storage.How could you make storage in a completely new way？” He said that putting the designers in such a different and demanding environment forces them to think much more creatively.
语篇解读：本文是记叙性说明文。知名家居品牌宜家为了寻找灵感把设计师送到了位于美国犹他州的火星研究中心，体验了三天的火星生活。
7．What's the aim of the designers' living in the research center
A．To experience the life of astronauts.
B．To carry out scientific experiments.
C．To receive training for real space flights.
D．To get new ideas for furniture designing.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“...a team from Ikea spent time inside a Mars research center to get new design ideas”可知，这些家具设计师去火星研究中心体验是为获得新的设计灵感。
8．What's the meaning of the underlined word “unfeasible” in Para.5
A．Easy. B．Impractical.
C．Efficient. D．Possible.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的上下文可推断出，unfeasible的意思是“难以实施的”，和impractical意思接近，故选B。
9．What is the biggest problem that Marcus Engman wants to solve
A．The way of transporting furniture.
B．The method of making good use of air.
C．How furniture can contain more items.
D．How to design modern furniture used on Mars.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I guess it's the same problem in space — and that is the thing about storage”可知，宜家的设计总监Marcus Engman想要通过这次体验解决家具设计上最大的问题——家具的存储功能。
10．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To introduce a new project of Ikea designers.
B．To show the development in researches on Mars.
C．To encourage people to know more about outer space.
D．To list things furniture designers should pay attention to.
解析：选A 写作意图题。综合分析全文可知，本文介绍宜家公司的一个新项目：派设计师住在火星研究中心从而获取设计家具的灵感。
