2023届高考英语专题复习语法精讲：介词（4) 课件（25张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语专题复习语法精讲：介词（4) 课件（25张ppt) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-26 18:26:53 | ||
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(共25张PPT)
专题四 介词
第4讲 介词讲解（4）
必备知识 整合提升
核心考法 重难突破
易混知识 易错清单
介词
强化模拟 限时训练
核心考法
重难突破
考法一 考查介词的搭配
考法二 考查单一介词的用法
考法一 考查介词的搭配
考法讲解
高考将更加注重对介词固定搭配和介词短语的考查。介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形成的搭配是高考的难点。
如：at first(起初)；as a result of(由于)；at work(在工作)；by mistake(错误地)；beyond recognition(无法辨认)；for sale(待售)；in a hurry(匆忙地)；on purpose(故意地)；out of sight(看不见)；with pleasure(愉快地)；in favor of(支持)；next to(紧靠着)；get rid of(除去)；make use of(利用)等。
考法一 考查介词的搭配
例题讲解
[浙江2021年1月·60]
The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased ______ 2.1 in women and men.
句意为：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均体重指数增加了2.1。由句意可知，此处表示“增加了”，应使用固定短语increase by，故填by。
考法一 考查介词的搭配
例题讲解
[全国Ⅱ 2020·64]
Oranges: Orange trees are more ______ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
句意为：橘子：橘子树不仅仅是装饰；它们是好运和财富的象征。more than为固定搭配，后接名词时意为“不仅仅是”。故填than。
例题讲解
[全国Ⅱ 2020·67]
Bamboo plants are associated ______ health, abundance and a happy home.
句意为：竹子与健康、充裕和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with… 为固定搭配，意为“与……联系在一起”。故填with。
考法一 考查介词的搭配
例题讲解
[浙江2020年7月·56]
Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ______， through agriculture.
句意为：公元前一万年后的一段时间，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析句子结构可知，they lived ______为定语从句，修饰world，且关系词that/which在从句中作设空处的宾语，在此处被省略；live为不及物动词，而live in… 意为“居住在……”，为固定用法，其后可接宾语，故填in。
考法一 考查介词的搭配
单句语法填空
1．One artist showed us how to paint the facial mask on our faces, and the other taught us the typical moves step ______ step.
2．While China is restarting the street vending economy, some official media are against a large scale return______informal street sales.
3．If we are satisfied______ only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.
4．The space station will be built as China's main platform for space science research, ______the intention of mastering the technologies in constructing and operating large space facilities.
考法训练
to
with
by
with
考法二 考查单一介词的用法
考法讲解
高考英语常设置特定语境考查热点介词的用法，这些介词常表示时间、方式、方位等。除了考查常见介词的常见意思及用法外，还会考查常见介词的不常见用法。
(1)常见介词的常见用法有：against(违背；反对)；beyond[(范围、限度)超出；为……所不能及]; by(程度或增减的幅度；按……计)；despite(尽管)；for(因为；就……而言，从……来看)；in(在……里面；在……方面)；with(随着)；within[(范围、程度)在……内]；without(没有)等。
(2)常见介词的不常见用法有：but(除……以外)；off(离，距)；over(在……期间；从……的开头到结束)；through[经历(某段时间)]；by(凭借)；in(穿着)；against(倚靠)；with(用)等。
考法二 考查单一介词的用法
例题讲解
1 [全国乙2021·64]
It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ______ the late 1980s.
句意为：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。结合句意并分析句子结构可知，此句含有not… until…结构，意为“直到……才……”。故填until。
考法二 考查单一介词的用法
例题讲解
[北京2021·14]
While riding his bike home ______ a cold night, he came across a sad looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.
句意为：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一位看起来很伤心的老妇人独自在街上徘徊。此处表示“在一个寒冷的夜晚”，表示具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上应用介词on。
单句语法填空
5．It gradually evolved into a toy for children______the Qing Dynasty.
6．They've changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited ______ Nepal's capital.
7．Many people exercise ______ a few minutes every day or every other day.
考法训练
in
in
for
易混知识
易错清单
易混1：后接不定式复合结构的逻辑主语时， for与of的区别
(1)当形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语的性质、特征时，用of，常用于句型：“It is ＋ adj.＋ of sb.to do sth.”，常用于该句型的形容词有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。
It's brave of you to save the boy.
你救了这个男孩，真勇敢。
It's polite of him to see off his teacher at the station.他很有礼貌，去车站给他的老师送行。
(2)当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for，常用于句型：“It is ＋adj.＋ for sb.to do sth.”，常用于该句型的形容词有：important, necessary, possible, impossible, difficult等。
It is difficult for him to support the family.
养家糊口对他来说很难。
It is important for them to win the game.
赢得这场比赛对他们来说很重要。
易混2：表示“处于某种状态”时， on与in的区别
on用于表示动态，如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中；in多用于表示静态状况，如安全、健康、情绪等。
on business 在出差 on a visit在访问
on strike在罢工 on sale在出售
on show在展出 on watch在值班
on fire着火 on vacation/holiday在度假
in trouble在困境中 in danger在危险之中
in silence沉默地 in surprise惊讶地
in order有序地，有条理地 in relief放心地
in high/low spirits情绪高涨/低落
in debt负债
易混3：易错用的介词
在有些词组中，介词常被用错，如：
with the help of… 在……的帮助下
under the leadership of… 在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章
a hole in the wall 墙上的洞
a bird in the tree 树上的鸟
apples on the tree 树上的苹果
tickets for the concert 音乐会的票
in the direction of… 朝着……的方向
from the direction of… 从……的方向
易混4：下列词组中，to是介词，不是不定式符号
belong to属于
date back to追溯到
look forward to盼望；期望
be addicted to沉溺于
be accustomed to习惯于
stick to坚持
be/get used to doing… 习惯于做……
pay attention to注意
be devoted to… 致力于……
attach importance to… 认为……很重要
0533.0
强化模拟
限时训练
单句填空
1．So he rode six hours from his hometown on his little brother's bike, carrying all his possessions—a bag, a tent, two bottles of water and a box of food—in order to start his second year ______ a biology major.
2．Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes using machines, but she sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely ______ hand.
3．Especially in the U．S., people often travel very far ______ home to study.
4．The country's industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks ______ the Made in China 2025 strategy.
层级一 单句达标练
as
by
from
to
5．However, all this changed when I volunteered to help children and young people ______ mental problems in a summer vacation.
6．Finally, try to see things ______ the other person's perspective. You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance.
7．Everyone has his own favorite place to live. I love living in Nevada County on account ______ the natural beauty, the closeness to the mountains and the excellent weather.
8．Parents are attaching great importance ______ children's calligraphy practice.
层级一 单句达标练
with
from
of
to
层级一 单句达标练
9．Caring for elderly parents is never easy; it can take great efforts emotionally and physically, and the financial challenges can sometimes seem ______ our ability.
10．During my first year in China, I spent the summer holiday ______ my family at the seaside in Beidaihe.
beyond
with
China has developed a technology that is able to transform desert lands into available soil. The technology __1______ (develop) several years ago by researchers at Chongqing Jiaotong University.They invented a paste(黏合剂) __2_____ (make) of a material found in plant cell walls that, when mixed __3_____ sand, is able to keep water, nutrients and air.
层级二 语篇提升练
was developed
made
with
According to CGTN, Chinese scientists have achieved success in growing crops in areas with bad conditions caused by lack of rain and _____4__ (extreme) hot temperatures. One particular area is in a desert in North China's Inner Mongolia. Over 70 kinds of crops are growing there. Many are not planted by humans but they just grow __5 __ __ (they). And the costs of artificial materials and machines for transforming sand into soil is much ___6__ (low) compared with regular methods. Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, __7__ (tomato) and sunflowers. A reforestation (重造森林) project is also currently in progress, __8__ is set to reforest 50% of desert land in three years.
层级二 语篇提升练
extremely
themselves
lower
tomatoes
which
Researchers are looking into expanding their project this fall, with __9__ plan to transform another 500 acres of desert. In the next few years, the scientists are __10__ (confidence) that they can turn over 30，000 acres more into rich ground.
层级二 语篇提升练
a
confident
专题四 介词
第4讲 介词讲解（4）
必备知识 整合提升
核心考法 重难突破
易混知识 易错清单
介词
强化模拟 限时训练
核心考法
重难突破
考法一 考查介词的搭配
考法二 考查单一介词的用法
考法一 考查介词的搭配
考法讲解
高考将更加注重对介词固定搭配和介词短语的考查。介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形成的搭配是高考的难点。
如：at first(起初)；as a result of(由于)；at work(在工作)；by mistake(错误地)；beyond recognition(无法辨认)；for sale(待售)；in a hurry(匆忙地)；on purpose(故意地)；out of sight(看不见)；with pleasure(愉快地)；in favor of(支持)；next to(紧靠着)；get rid of(除去)；make use of(利用)等。
考法一 考查介词的搭配
例题讲解
[浙江2021年1月·60]
The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased ______ 2.1 in women and men.
句意为：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均体重指数增加了2.1。由句意可知，此处表示“增加了”，应使用固定短语increase by，故填by。
考法一 考查介词的搭配
例题讲解
[全国Ⅱ 2020·64]
Oranges: Orange trees are more ______ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
句意为：橘子：橘子树不仅仅是装饰；它们是好运和财富的象征。more than为固定搭配，后接名词时意为“不仅仅是”。故填than。
例题讲解
[全国Ⅱ 2020·67]
Bamboo plants are associated ______ health, abundance and a happy home.
句意为：竹子与健康、充裕和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with… 为固定搭配，意为“与……联系在一起”。故填with。
考法一 考查介词的搭配
例题讲解
[浙江2020年7月·56]
Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ______， through agriculture.
句意为：公元前一万年后的一段时间，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析句子结构可知，they lived ______为定语从句，修饰world，且关系词that/which在从句中作设空处的宾语，在此处被省略；live为不及物动词，而live in… 意为“居住在……”，为固定用法，其后可接宾语，故填in。
考法一 考查介词的搭配
单句语法填空
1．One artist showed us how to paint the facial mask on our faces, and the other taught us the typical moves step ______ step.
2．While China is restarting the street vending economy, some official media are against a large scale return______informal street sales.
3．If we are satisfied______ only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.
4．The space station will be built as China's main platform for space science research, ______the intention of mastering the technologies in constructing and operating large space facilities.
考法训练
to
with
by
with
考法二 考查单一介词的用法
考法讲解
高考英语常设置特定语境考查热点介词的用法，这些介词常表示时间、方式、方位等。除了考查常见介词的常见意思及用法外，还会考查常见介词的不常见用法。
(1)常见介词的常见用法有：against(违背；反对)；beyond[(范围、限度)超出；为……所不能及]; by(程度或增减的幅度；按……计)；despite(尽管)；for(因为；就……而言，从……来看)；in(在……里面；在……方面)；with(随着)；within[(范围、程度)在……内]；without(没有)等。
(2)常见介词的不常见用法有：but(除……以外)；off(离，距)；over(在……期间；从……的开头到结束)；through[经历(某段时间)]；by(凭借)；in(穿着)；against(倚靠)；with(用)等。
考法二 考查单一介词的用法
例题讲解
1 [全国乙2021·64]
It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ______ the late 1980s.
句意为：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。结合句意并分析句子结构可知，此句含有not… until…结构，意为“直到……才……”。故填until。
考法二 考查单一介词的用法
例题讲解
[北京2021·14]
While riding his bike home ______ a cold night, he came across a sad looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.
句意为：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一位看起来很伤心的老妇人独自在街上徘徊。此处表示“在一个寒冷的夜晚”，表示具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上应用介词on。
单句语法填空
5．It gradually evolved into a toy for children______the Qing Dynasty.
6．They've changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited ______ Nepal's capital.
7．Many people exercise ______ a few minutes every day or every other day.
考法训练
in
in
for
易混知识
易错清单
易混1：后接不定式复合结构的逻辑主语时， for与of的区别
(1)当形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语的性质、特征时，用of，常用于句型：“It is ＋ adj.＋ of sb.to do sth.”，常用于该句型的形容词有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。
It's brave of you to save the boy.
你救了这个男孩，真勇敢。
It's polite of him to see off his teacher at the station.他很有礼貌，去车站给他的老师送行。
(2)当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for，常用于句型：“It is ＋adj.＋ for sb.to do sth.”，常用于该句型的形容词有：important, necessary, possible, impossible, difficult等。
It is difficult for him to support the family.
养家糊口对他来说很难。
It is important for them to win the game.
赢得这场比赛对他们来说很重要。
易混2：表示“处于某种状态”时， on与in的区别
on用于表示动态，如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中；in多用于表示静态状况，如安全、健康、情绪等。
on business 在出差 on a visit在访问
on strike在罢工 on sale在出售
on show在展出 on watch在值班
on fire着火 on vacation/holiday在度假
in trouble在困境中 in danger在危险之中
in silence沉默地 in surprise惊讶地
in order有序地，有条理地 in relief放心地
in high/low spirits情绪高涨/低落
in debt负债
易混3：易错用的介词
在有些词组中，介词常被用错，如：
with the help of… 在……的帮助下
under the leadership of… 在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章
a hole in the wall 墙上的洞
a bird in the tree 树上的鸟
apples on the tree 树上的苹果
tickets for the concert 音乐会的票
in the direction of… 朝着……的方向
from the direction of… 从……的方向
易混4：下列词组中，to是介词，不是不定式符号
belong to属于
date back to追溯到
look forward to盼望；期望
be addicted to沉溺于
be accustomed to习惯于
stick to坚持
be/get used to doing… 习惯于做……
pay attention to注意
be devoted to… 致力于……
attach importance to… 认为……很重要
0533.0
强化模拟
限时训练
单句填空
1．So he rode six hours from his hometown on his little brother's bike, carrying all his possessions—a bag, a tent, two bottles of water and a box of food—in order to start his second year ______ a biology major.
2．Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes using machines, but she sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely ______ hand.
3．Especially in the U．S., people often travel very far ______ home to study.
4．The country's industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks ______ the Made in China 2025 strategy.
层级一 单句达标练
as
by
from
to
5．However, all this changed when I volunteered to help children and young people ______ mental problems in a summer vacation.
6．Finally, try to see things ______ the other person's perspective. You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance.
7．Everyone has his own favorite place to live. I love living in Nevada County on account ______ the natural beauty, the closeness to the mountains and the excellent weather.
8．Parents are attaching great importance ______ children's calligraphy practice.
层级一 单句达标练
with
from
of
to
层级一 单句达标练
9．Caring for elderly parents is never easy; it can take great efforts emotionally and physically, and the financial challenges can sometimes seem ______ our ability.
10．During my first year in China, I spent the summer holiday ______ my family at the seaside in Beidaihe.
beyond
with
China has developed a technology that is able to transform desert lands into available soil. The technology __1______ (develop) several years ago by researchers at Chongqing Jiaotong University.They invented a paste(黏合剂) __2_____ (make) of a material found in plant cell walls that, when mixed __3_____ sand, is able to keep water, nutrients and air.
层级二 语篇提升练
was developed
made
with
According to CGTN, Chinese scientists have achieved success in growing crops in areas with bad conditions caused by lack of rain and _____4__ (extreme) hot temperatures. One particular area is in a desert in North China's Inner Mongolia. Over 70 kinds of crops are growing there. Many are not planted by humans but they just grow __5 __ __ (they). And the costs of artificial materials and machines for transforming sand into soil is much ___6__ (low) compared with regular methods. Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, __7__ (tomato) and sunflowers. A reforestation (重造森林) project is also currently in progress, __8__ is set to reforest 50% of desert land in three years.
层级二 语篇提升练
extremely
themselves
lower
tomatoes
which
Researchers are looking into expanding their project this fall, with __9__ plan to transform another 500 acres of desert. In the next few years, the scientists are __10__ (confidence) that they can turn over 30，000 acres more into rich ground.
层级二 语篇提升练
a
confident