(共38张PPT)
名词(Nouns)
名词概述
名词分类
可数与不可数
名词所有格
名词功能
名词概述
What are nouns???
Nouns are words that name people, animals, places, things, or ideas.
名词是表示人,动物,地点,物品,以及抽象概念的名称的词,是实词。
例如:father,tiger,Beijing, bag, knowlege...
找找看以下哪些是名词
want station careful voice tractor walk fast message really
before quick earth beauty season like America
名词分分类
名词
专有名词
普通名词
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
02
专有名词
1.专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写,如China, Peter, Beijing, the People's Republic of China 。
2. 专有名词和普通名词搭配构成的短语,前面必须加the。如:the Great Wall 。
注意:
专有名词是个别的人,地,物,团体,结构等的专用名称。
普通名词
普通名词是许多人或事物共有的名称,如girl, student, pen。
普通名词可分为:
个体名词:表示某类人或东西的个体,如:book, flower, apple。
集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family, class, policeman。
物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:food, water, air。
抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念,如:power, idea, work。
其中,个体名词和集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
可数名词
可以用数词来计数的名词,有如下特征:
1. 前面加基数词表示具体的数量,如: a book, three students。
2. 前面加 some, several, many, a lot of, lots of, a number of, a few, few 等词表示模糊的数量如:some apples, many boys, a lot of friends。
3. 数量大于1,名词要变成复数形式,如:a book -------two books。
可数名词与不可数名词
03
可数名词单数的表达
在可数名词前加 a,an,one 即可表示单数,a用于辅音读音开头的单词前,an用于元音读音开头的单词前。
如:a book
an English book
an hour
There was ____(a/an) old man in this village.
Lily's parents want her to go to _____(a/an) famous university.
可数名词单数变复数的变化规则
1. 一般情况下,词尾加-s;
banana__________, flower___________, hand__________
2. 以s,x,sh,ch 结尾的名词加-es;
class_______,box_______,dish________,peach_________
3. 以o 结尾的名词,tomato,potato,hero, mango加-es, 其余加-s,如: photos,zoos,kangaroos。
可数名词单数变复数的变化规则
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i 再加-es;
story_________,city_________,family_____________
5. 以f或fe 结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加-es。(belief 和 roof 直接加-s)
leaf__________,wife____________,knife____________
巧计以f、fe 结尾的单词
树叶 (leaf) 半数 (half) 自己 (self) 黄,
妻子 (wife) 拿刀 (knife) 去割狼 (wolf)。
架 (shelf) 后窜出一只狼 (wolf),
就像盗贼 (thief) 逃命 (life) 亡。
可数名词的不规则变化
1. 单复同形的名词
中国人(Chinese)日本人 (Japanese) 都喜欢绵羊 (sheep),鱼 (fish)和鹿(deer);
中日不变英(Englishman-Englishmen)法(Frenchman-Frenchmen)变,其余s加后边(German-Germans)。
2. 不规则变化
foot--feet, tooth--teeth, goose--geese
man--men, woman--women child--children,
mouse--mice
不可数名词
不可以用数词来计数的名词,有如下特征:
1. 前面不能直接加基数词表示具体数量,且后面不能加s。
2. 前面加 some, much, a lot of, lots of, a little, little 等词表示模糊的数量, 如:some water, much money, a little milk。
可数名词与不可数名词
03
不可数名词
不可以用数词来计数的名词,有如下特征:
3. 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:There is some coffee in the glass.
4. 若表示具体数量,需用数词+量词+of +名词的形式,如:a cup of tea, three glasses of milk。
可数名词与不可数名词
03
不可数名词数量表示方法
如果要表达出不可数名词具体的数量,可以通过“计量词+of+不可数名词”来表示。若想表达量的复数概念,只需把计量词变为复数形式即可。如:
a piece of paper 一张纸 ten pieces of paper 十张纸
a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 ________________ 两杯咖啡
a piece of news 一条消息 ________________ 两条消息
a drop of ink 一滴墨水 ________________ 三滴墨水
1. There ______on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos
2. This car ______made in Shanghai.
A. is B. are C. were D. has
3. There are four_____and two _______in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese,German D.Japanese, Germans
4. That's _______art book.
A. an B. a C. the D. are
5. The boys have got ______ already.
A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
6. There _____some ____in the river.
A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish
Answers:
选择题:
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. A
SHOW
TIME
用所给名词的适当形式填空:
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK
SHOW
TIME
用所给名词的适当形式填空:
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
Answers:
填空题:
1. sheep 6. photos
2. food 7. tomatoes
3. teeth 8. leaves
4. water 9. children
5. people 10. dictionaries
复合名词的单复数判定
1. 以不可数名词结尾的复合名词不可数,如:homework, newspaper
2. 以两个名词构成的复合名词,后面的名词变为复数,
如:boy student--boy students, lemon tree--lemon trees
3. man/woman +名词构成的复合名词,两个都要变复数,
如:man doctor--men doctors, woman teacher--women teachers
SHOW
TIME
1. There are about thirty___________doctors in the hospital.
A. woman B. women C. woman's
2. They are _______________.
A. man teachers B. men teachers
C. men teacher D. man teacher
SHOW
TIME
3. There are some _________in these ___________.
A. knifes; pencil boxes B. knives; pencils box
C. knives; pencils boxes D. knives; pencil boxes
4. - What's your favourite food
-I like ___________best.
A. potato noodle B. potatos noodle
C. potato noodles D. potatos noodles
Answers:
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. C
集体名词的单复数判定
集体名词既可表示单数的含义也可表示复数的含义。常见的集体名词有family, class, people, police, team, public, audience。
1. 表示一个整体时,谓语动词用单数。
I have a happy family. 我有一个快乐的家庭。
2. 表示集体中具体的人或事物时,谓语动词用复数。
My family are all waiting for her. 我的家人们都在等她。
SHOW
TIME
1. My class______on third floor. My class _______reading English now.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are
2. His audience ________(consist) mainly of young people.
3. The audience _______(be) clapping for over ten minutes.
Answers:
1. C
2. consists
3. were
复数形式名词的单复数
经常以复数形式出现的名词,如:trousers, socks, gloves, shoes, glasses, clothes, shorts, chopsticks 等,不能用具体的数字修饰,要借助数量词pair(双), suit(套) 等词来表示。
eg: a pair of shoes 一双鞋 two pairs of shoes 两双鞋
注意:1. 以上结构中的数量词若为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2. 若不用数量词而用其他限定词来修饰,谓语动词要根据主语的单复数来变化。
eg: This pair of socks is very cheap.
Those chopsticks are easily broken off.
名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所有关系,一般用's和of来表示,经常翻译为“......的”。
例如:我爸爸的朋友,汤姆的书包
名词所有格
04
's 所有格
——多用来表示有生命的名词。
用法
1. 一般情况下,直接在名词后加“ 's ”,如:男孩的书____________
2. 以s结尾的复数名词直接加“ ’”,如:老师们的办公室___________
3. 不以s结尾的复数名词仍加“ 's ”,如:儿童节______________
4. 表示几个人共同拥有的一个人或物,在最后一人后面加“ 's ”;
表示几个人各自拥有则每个人后面都加“ 's ”,且后面名词为复数。
如:莉莉和露西的房间(共有)____________________
莉莉和露西的房间(各自)____________________
注意!
在表示时间,距离,国家,城市等无生命的名词时也可以用“ 's ”或“ ' ”来构成所有格。
如:今天的报纸 Today's newspaper
5分钟的路程 five minutes' walk
英国的海岸 England's shore
of 所有格
——多用来表示无生命的名词。
构成:
名词 + of + 名词 (主前从后)
如:教室的窗户_________________
书的名字___________________
1. The book is very interesting
2. The boy broke his leg last week.
3. We cansider him a good teacher.
4. The winter vacation is coming.
5. He , a famous writer, is easy to get along with.
6. My brother is a worker.
名词的功能
名词在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾语补足语,状语,同位语等成分。
划线的名词在句中是什么成分呢?
05
1. 主语 2. 宾语 3. 宾语补足语 4. 定语 5. 同位语 6. 表语
总结
名词功能
名词分类
可数名词与不可数名词
名词所有格
名词概述
Practice makes perfect!
1. There are two__________ over there. (watch)
2. I like taking __________. (photo)
3. l can see a __________and two __________ standing there.
(man, woman)
4. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor. (apple)
5. Look at those__________. (child)
6. He doesn't like these__________. (glass)
7. How many __________can you see (radio)
8. There are more and more __________ drivers in Shanghai now.
(woman)
Answers:
1. watches 5. children
2. photos 6.glasses
3. man ; women 7. radios
4. apples 8. women