人教版（2019） 必修 第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration 单元质量检测（四）（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019） 必修 第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration 单元质量检测（四）（含解析） |  | |
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单元质量检测（四）
时间：100分钟 满分：120分
选择题部分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
It was 1964, and Noritoshi Kanai had recently arrived in Los Angeles from Japan. As a businessman, Kanai believed he could be a success in America. How Let Americans fall in love with sushi — beloved Japanese dish usually made from raw (生的) fish and sticky rice.
There was just one problem: Most Americans thought the idea of eating raw seafood was, well, gross (令人恶心的)．
The 1960s were a time of change in America. Faster, cheaper air travel meant more Americans could visit faraway countries, like Japan — and they often returned home with a taste for foreign foods. New refrigeration technology made it possible to ship frozen fish and vegetables across great distances. The economy (经济) was growing, and more Americans could afford to eat out.
There was also growing interest in Japanese culture. During World War Ⅱ， Japan and the U．S. were bitter enemies. But by the 1960s, trade between the two countries had gradually become normal. Kanai thought the time was right to realize his_dream.
Kanai told a Japanese restaurant owner in LA about his big idea: Add a sushi bar.
A sushi bar is a place where customers can order sushi and watch the cook expertly create nigiri (seafood or vegetables over rice), sashimi (seafood alone), and maki (seafood, rice, and vegetables, wrapped in seaweed). Kanai said he would bring a top professional sushi cook over from Japan.
At first, the owner was sure no one would come. But Kanai was persuasive, and the owner decided to take a chance.
Word got out, and soon Japanese businessmen who wanted to enjoy a taste of home were coming to the new sushi bar — and bringing their American colleagues with them. Other sushi restaurants began to appear in LA, New York, and Chicago. In Hollywood, new sushi restaurants were popular with movie stars, and eating sushi became a status symbol.
Today, you can find sushi just about anywhere. Americans spend more than $2 billion a year on sushi, which is praised by health experts for its protein and healthy fats.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个名叫Noritoshi Kanai的日本人让寿司风靡全美。
1．What can we learn about America before Kanai arrived in Los Angeles
A．Most Americans found raw seafood unacceptable.
B．There were few Japanese restaurants in the U．S.
C．Only upper class Americans could afford sushi.
D．Japanese dishes including sushi had been very popular.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第一段可知，寿司是1964年之后才慢慢被美国人接受的，再由第二段中的“Most Americans thought the idea of eating raw seafood was, well, gross (令人恶心的)”可知，在Kanai到洛杉矶之前，大多数美国人都不愿意吃生的海鲜。
2．What does the underlined part “his dream” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Inventing a new kind of Japanese food.
B．Running a Japanese restaurant in the U．S.
C．Putting sushi on the American dinner table.
D．Renewing relationships between Japan and the U．S.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Let Americans fall in love with sushi”和第六段对“A sushi bar”的解释可知，作为一名商人，想在美国成功的Kanai是要让美国人爱上日本食物——寿司。
3．What's the text mainly about
A．The first American to eat sushi.
B．The most popular Japanese in the U．S.
C．How sushi became popular in the U．S.
D．How much Americans spend on sushi a year.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，以前大多数美国人认为吃生的海鲜十分恶心，但一个名叫Noritoshi Kanai的日本人却让寿司风靡全美。本文主要介绍他如何让寿司在美国广受欢迎。
B
The English language has a lot of words which can be used in many different ways and in many different expressions.
One such example is the word matter. In fact, matter can mean just about anything. It could be one of the most useful words in the English language.
Let's get to the heart of the matter — a matter of principle (原则)．
If someone says that you owe (欠) him D|S50 but you don't, a friend might say, “Well, you could pay him the D|S50. It's not that much money. Then you won't have to hear him say it anymore.” But if you do not owe him the money, do not pay him the money. It's a matter of principle.
There is another way to use the word matter.But be careful with your choice of words.
If you ask someone, “What's the matter？”， it shows you are worried about the other person. But saying, “What's the matter with you？” has a completely different meaning. And it usually sounds rude (粗鲁的). In fact, when you say “What's the matter with you？”， you are suggesting that the person did something wrong or stupid.
Another expression that could sound rude is to say, “It doesn't matter to me.” Here, it depends on the context,_and how you say it.
Let's say you tell someone that a friend just got a big raise at work. That person answers with, “It doesn't matter to me.” Here, it means he or she does not care. And it sounds rude.
But saying, “Oh, you pick where we eat dinner. It doesn't matter to me.” does not sound rude. In this situation. “It doesn't matter” shows you are easy going (随和的)．
No matter how you look at it and what you say, matter is a very useful word. And it's only a matter of time before you will become an expert on the use of matter.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了matter一词的诸多用法。
4．What is the author's suggestion in Paragraph 4
A．Every penny counts.
B．Stick to what is right.
C．Follow your friend's advice.
D．Be careful when making friends.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But if you do not owe him the money, do not pay him the money. It's a matter of principle.”可推测，作者认为钱的数目不重要，重要的是原则问题。因此他觉得在对的事情上要坚持自己的立场，不要轻易作出让步或改变。
5．The underlined word “context” in the text probably means ________.
A．choice B．person
C．situation D．answer
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二、三段举例说明“It doesn't matter to me”在不同的语境意思不同可知，该表达取决于上下文语境，故选situation。
6．The author develops the text mainly by ________.
A．using examples
B．giving instructions
C．describing his experiences
D．discussing research findings
解析：选A 写作手法题。根据文中用不同的例子来讲解matter的用法可知，作者主要是通过举例来展开全文的。
C
Many teachers use student participation as a basis on which to assign grades. Some criticize the practice as harmful to classroom dynamics, like two California high schoolers who wrote an opinion piece about it in their school newspaper. “A student who is unwilling or unable to speak in class does not always show a lack of care, since all students function in different ways，” they write, nothing that some students require more time, or written assignments, to grasp new material presented in class.
They also point out the detrimental effect participation requirements can have on the quality of a lesson; for example, students might speak up only in an effort to get participation points, resulting in questions that lack insight and wasted opportunities for those who genuinely want to learn.
Finally, the high schoolers criticize the nature of participation grades. “Simply recording the number of times a person participates fails to capture the nature of what exactly was said，” they write, adding that participation grades leave too much room for teachers' favoritism to show through.
Of course, there's a different side to every story. In a recent article in The Atlantic, a middle school teacher defends her decision to keep class participation as a requirement for her students. “As a teacher, it is my job to teach grammar, vocabulary and literature, but I must also teach my students how to succeed in the world we live in — a world where most people won't stop talking，” she says. “If anything, I feel even more strongly that my introverted (内向的) students must learn how to self advocate by communicating with parents, educators, and the world at large.”
She mentions several resources in the article. One such resource is Dr. Kendall Hoyt, an assistant professor of medicine at Dartmouth Medical School. Dr. Hoyt is a self described introvert and mother of two introverts. “I understand that social anxiety is a real thing, and part of my job as a teacher is to teach people how to express themselves clearly and be heard，” Dr. Hoyt says. She also teaches this to her own children, creating chances for them that require them to approach strangers, make eye contact and ask for something, like directions or information.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章是关于老师是否应该根据课堂参与情况评价学生的不同观点。
7．The article written by the two high schoolers is about whether students is should ________.
A．speak freely in class
B．be graded on participation
C．spend more time speaking
D．be given written assignments
解析：选B 细节理解题。由文章开头的“Many teachers use student participation as a basis on which to assign grades. Some criticize the practice as harmful to classroom dynamics, like ...”可知，这两位高中生的文章是关于老师是否应该根据课堂参与情况评价学生。
8．Which can best replace the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 2
A．Lasting. B．Harmful.
C．Practical. D．Beneficial.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。由下文所举例子“students might speak up only in an effort to get participation points ... want to learn”可推断，此处是讲根据课堂参与情况评分的有害影响。故画线词的意思应该是“有害的”。
9．The middle school teacher mentioned in Paragraph 4 stresses the importance of ________.
A．English literature
B．vocabulary and grammar
C．grading students objectively
D．teaching students to express themselves
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第四段中的“but I must also teach my students how to succeed in the world we live in — a world where most people won't stop talking ... students must learn how to self advocate ...”可推断，这位中学老师强调教学生表达的重要性。
10．Why does the middle school teacher mention Dr. Hoyt in her article
A．To express her doubts.
B．To support her argument.
C．To compare different ideas.
D．To attract readers' attention.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Dr. Hoyt和这位中学老师的观点一致，也认为教孩子们有效沟通和表达很重要。故这位老师是用Dr. Hoyt的话来支持自己的观点。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are disadvantages and advantages to all parenting styles. There is no such thing as perfect parenting. The two main styles of parenting are tolerant (宽容的) and strict. __11__ Some of those advantages are evident (明显的) during childhood or adulthood.
One of the advantages of strict parents is that they push their children to high standards.This is especially true with regard to academics. __12__ As a result, the children tend to perform extremely well in their studies due to those expectations. Strict parents may even limit fun activities if their children do not succeed in doing things.
__13__ This happens because they help their children learn important values such as discipline. The children learn that they must make certain choices or bear the consequences. This confidence can also lead to independent children and adults.
Children with strict parenting can learn selflessness. If a child's needs are always met in a family with tolerant parents, the child may be spoiled (被宠坏的) and selfish. Strict parents get their children to focus their attention more on the benefits of the family members and learn to share with others. __14__
__15__ This is ideal for all children, but especially for those who have behavioral problems. Strict parents tend to have hard line policies regarding homework, school attendance and activities. That self discipline lasts for a lifetime.
A．Strict parents demand the best grades from their children.
B．Both styles of parenting have their advantages and disadvantages.
C．While there are disadvantages, there are also advantages of strict parenting.
D．Another advantage of strict parents is that they help their children build confidence.
E．So children growing up in a family with strict parenting are more likely to be selfless.
F．One of the most beneficial things about strict parenting is that it often teaches discipline.
G．An important advantage of strict parenting is that parents set good examples to their children.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文。分析了父母的严格要求对孩子成长的好处。
11．解析：选C 通读全文后可知，本选项用于点明文章的主题——父母的严格要求对孩子的成长有好处，故选C项。
12．解析：选A 本选项承接上一句中的academics，说明严格的父母要求孩子取得最好的学业成绩，同时也与下一句中的studies相关联，故选A项。
13．解析：选D 本段主要讲严格的父母会在管教中帮助孩子建立自信心，同时本段最后一句再次明确了本段的主旨，故选D项。
14．解析：选E 本选项与前一句构成逻辑上的因果关系，与本段的主旨句相照应，说明严格的父母会帮助孩子形成无私的品格，故选E项。
15．解析：选F 根据本段的内容可以概括出本段的主旨——严格的父母教会孩子自律，故选F项。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A lawyer and a woman were sitting next to each other during a long flight. The lawyer asked her if she would like to play a fun game. The woman was __16__ and just wanted to take a nap (小睡), so she politely refused. __17__， the lawyer continued to explain how the game __18__， “Now I ask you a question, and if you don't know the answer, you __19__ me ...”
Again, she politely refused and tried to get some __20__. The lawyer thought he would easily win the game, so he made another __21__， “If you don't know the answer you __22__ pay me D|S5, but if I don't know the answer, I will pay you D|S50.”
This __23__ the woman's attention. Figuring that there would be no __24__ unless she played, she finally __25__ to play the game. The lawyer asked the first question, “What's the distance from the earth to the moon？”
The woman didn't say a word, reached into her purse, pulled out a five dollar bill and __26__ it to the lawyer. Now it was the woman's __27__. She asked the lawyer, “What __28__ a hill with three legs and comes down with four？”
The lawyer looked at her with a(n) __29__ look. He took out his laptop computer and began __30__. Disappointed, he set e mails to everyone he knew, with no __31__. After one hour, he __32__ at last. He woke the woman and handed her D|S50. The woman took the D|S50 and turned away to get back to sleep.
The lawyer __33__ the woman again and asked. “So what is the __34__？” Again without a(n) __35__， the woman reached into her purse for a bill. She handed the lawyer D|S5, and went back to sleep.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文，话题是人物故事类。在飞机上，一个律师一再要求和邻座的女士玩一个游戏，女士只好配合。结果女士很轻松地赢了律师。
16．A.kind B．tired
C．busy D．shy
解析：选B 根据句中的“...wanted to take a nap (小睡) ...”可知这位女士“累了(tired)”。
17．A.Anyhow B．Instead
C．Besides D．However
解析：选D 女士拒绝了对方的提议，“然而(However)”，他仍然继续讲游戏规则。
18．A.developed B．appeared
C．worked D．changed
解析：选C 根据后面的“Now I ask you a question, and if you don't know the answer, you ... me ...”可知此处他解释了游戏的“玩法(worked)”。
19．A.pay B．beg
C．call D．help
解析：选A 根据后文的“...I will pay you D|S50”可知律师的意思是，他先问一个问题，如果对方不知道答案就需要给他“钱(pay)”。
20．A.support B．information
C．water D．sleep
解析：选D 根据前面的“...just wanted to take a nap (小睡) ...”可知女士再一次拒绝了，准备“睡(sleep)”一会。
21．A.excuse B．offer
C．mistake D．noise
解析：选B 女士要睡觉，拒绝了对方的要求，故此处指他再次提出玩游戏的“要求(offer)”。
22．A.only B．also
C．even D．still
解析：选A 和下文中的50美元相比，律师“只(only)”要5美元。
23．A.needed B．gave
C．caught D．avoided
解析：选C 这时候，女士准备答应和对方玩游戏，由此可知，律师所说的话“吸引(caught)”了她的注意力。
24．A.hope B．end
C．interest D．future
解析：选B 女士认为，如果她不同意玩这个游戏，律师不会“停止(end)”。
25．A.agreed B．refused
C．forgot D．stopped
解析：选A 联系下文内容可知，她最终“同意(agreed)”玩这个游戏。
26．A.sent B．spread
C．handed D．showed
解析：选C 根据句中的“a five dollar bill”可知，女士从钱包拿出了钱，“给了(handed)”律师。
27．A.point B．turn
C．choice D．part
解析：选B 第一轮完成了，所以该“轮到(turn)”女士提问题了。
28．A.goes up B．takes away
C．covers D．replaces
解析：选A 联系句中的“comes down”和此处的对比意义可知女士的意思是：什么是用三条腿“上(goes up)”山？
29．A.sad B．frightened
C．excited D．puzzled
解析：选D 律师回答不出这个问题，所以流露出“疑惑不解的(puzzled)”表情。
30．A.writing B．reporting
C．searching D．discovering
解析：选C 他拿出笔记本电脑开始“查找(searching)”。
31．A.reward B．success
C．connection D．task
解析：选B 根据下文中的“He woke the woman and handed her D|S50”可知他通过各种方式寻找答案，但都没有“成功(success)”。
32．A.continued on B．moved around
C．gave up D．went out
解析：选C 找了一个小时，他最后还是“放弃(gave up)”了。
33．A.praised B．punished
C．blamed D．woke
解析：选D 根据上一段的“The woman took the D|S50 and turned away to get back to sleep”可知，女士又睡着了，所以律师再次“叫醒(woke)”她。
34．A.answer B．secret
C．difference D．time
解析：选A 根据前面内容可知女士问了律师一个问题，现在律师问女士那个问题的“答案(answer)”。
35．A.word B．order
C．promise D．plan
解析：选A 此处和第四段第一句“The woman didn't say a word ...”相照应，这位女士再次拿出了5美元给了律师，没有说一句“话(word)”。
非选择题部分
Ⅳ.语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
My hometown is a small municipality (自治镇) called Aschach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.The town __36__ (locate) in the Danube Valley and has a population of 2,190.First __37__ (mention) in the year 777, Aschach has a historic center with beautiful houses and courtyards, including a castle.Tourists can enjoy architectural styles from the Gothic, Baroque and Renaissance.As Austria is pretty small, we can __38__ (easy) travel to many other European countries.For example, I can drive to Germany within one hour.To the Czech Republic it just takes me 30 minutes.
In general, Austrian people pay a lot of attention to the environment and try __39__ (live) in harmony with nature.Many of them grow __40__ own vegetables or buy __41__ (agriculture) products from nearby farmers.
I __42__ (live) in Beijing for a long time up to now.__43__ I miss most in the Danube are the starry sky, my family and friends.Aschach is a wonderful place and every time I go home, I feel relaxed and calm.It is one of the prettiest __44__ (village) in Austria and visitors from all around the world come to have a tour __45__ it every year.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了奥地利的Aschach自治镇。
36．is located 考查动词的时态和语态。该城镇坐落于多瑙河谷，有2 190人。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；又locate作“把……安置在(或建造于)”讲时是及物动词，与The town之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is located。
37．mentioned 考查非谓语动词。mention与其逻辑主语Aschach之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填mentioned。
38．easily 考查副词。因为奥地利很小，所以我们能很容易地去许多其他的欧洲国家旅行。修饰动词应用副词，故填easily。
39．to live 考查非谓语动词。奥地利人很关注环境，他们努力与自然和谐相处。try to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。
40．their 考查代词。许多人自己种蔬菜。空处指代的是“Many of them”，再结合空后的“own”可知，应填their。
41．agricultural 考查形容词。此处指许多人从附近的农民那里购买农产品。空处修饰名词products，应用形容词。故填agricultural“农业的”。
42．have lived 考查动词时态。到目前为止，“我”已经在北京住了很长一段时间了。根据句中的“up to now”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填have lived。
43．What 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“……的东西”，故填What。
44．villages 考查名词复数。Aschach是奥地利最美丽的村庄之一。此处考查的是“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”这一结构，故填villages。
45．of 考查介词。每年，来自世界各地的游客都会来这里旅游。tour“旅游，旅行”，表示在某地旅游时常与介词of搭配使用。
Ⅴ.应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你校外籍教师Peter计划在暑假期间回国，他想送给母亲几件可以代表中国文化的礼物。请你给他写一封邮件，向他推荐礼物。内容包括：
1．推荐礼物——旗袍和中国结；
2．推荐原因；
3．表达祝福。
注意：1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：代表represent；旗袍cheongsam；
中国结Chinese knot
Dear Peter，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture. And I am writing to give you some advice.
Personally, I think you should buy the following two gifts. Cheongsam, a very beautiful traditional dress for Chinese women, can show the real beauty of a woman. I am sure your mother will like it very much. What's more, it is also a good choice for you to buy the Chinese knot. It is usually hung in the sitting room or cars, which represents good luck.
Wish you a good vacation and give my best wishes to your family.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅵ.概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it is better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.
The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. When people do their jobs or take actions in a hurry, they cannot make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes, “Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly.
Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances in enjoying our life.
Finally, slower life pace provides better healthy conditions for us. As is known to all, taking actions in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. Being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter.
In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. However, much stress can't bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace.
参考范文：
To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry.There are three reasons for this.(要点1) Firstly，doing things in a hurry will raise the possibility of making mistakes.(要点2) Secondly, being in a hurry will not give people enough time to enjoy their life.(要点3) Thirdly, doing things in a hurry raises people's pressure and therefore is bad for their health.(要点4) In brief, it is better for people to live life at a slower pace than to live life in a hurry.(要点5)
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单元质量检测（四）
时间：100分钟 满分：120分
选择题部分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
It was 1964, and Noritoshi Kanai had recently arrived in Los Angeles from Japan. As a businessman, Kanai believed he could be a success in America. How Let Americans fall in love with sushi — beloved Japanese dish usually made from raw (生的) fish and sticky rice.
There was just one problem: Most Americans thought the idea of eating raw seafood was, well, gross (令人恶心的)．
The 1960s were a time of change in America. Faster, cheaper air travel meant more Americans could visit faraway countries, like Japan — and they often returned home with a taste for foreign foods. New refrigeration technology made it possible to ship frozen fish and vegetables across great distances. The economy (经济) was growing, and more Americans could afford to eat out.
There was also growing interest in Japanese culture. During World War Ⅱ， Japan and the U．S. were bitter enemies. But by the 1960s, trade between the two countries had gradually become normal. Kanai thought the time was right to realize his_dream.
Kanai told a Japanese restaurant owner in LA about his big idea: Add a sushi bar.
A sushi bar is a place where customers can order sushi and watch the cook expertly create nigiri (seafood or vegetables over rice), sashimi (seafood alone), and maki (seafood, rice, and vegetables, wrapped in seaweed). Kanai said he would bring a top professional sushi cook over from Japan.
At first, the owner was sure no one would come. But Kanai was persuasive, and the owner decided to take a chance.
Word got out, and soon Japanese businessmen who wanted to enjoy a taste of home were coming to the new sushi bar — and bringing their American colleagues with them. Other sushi restaurants began to appear in LA, New York, and Chicago. In Hollywood, new sushi restaurants were popular with movie stars, and eating sushi became a status symbol.
Today, you can find sushi just about anywhere. Americans spend more than $2 billion a year on sushi, which is praised by health experts for its protein and healthy fats.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个名叫Noritoshi Kanai的日本人让寿司风靡全美。
1．What can we learn about America before Kanai arrived in Los Angeles
A．Most Americans found raw seafood unacceptable.
B．There were few Japanese restaurants in the U．S.
C．Only upper class Americans could afford sushi.
D．Japanese dishes including sushi had been very popular.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第一段可知，寿司是1964年之后才慢慢被美国人接受的，再由第二段中的“Most Americans thought the idea of eating raw seafood was, well, gross (令人恶心的)”可知，在Kanai到洛杉矶之前，大多数美国人都不愿意吃生的海鲜。
2．What does the underlined part “his dream” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Inventing a new kind of Japanese food.
B．Running a Japanese restaurant in the U．S.
C．Putting sushi on the American dinner table.
D．Renewing relationships between Japan and the U．S.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Let Americans fall in love with sushi”和第六段对“A sushi bar”的解释可知，作为一名商人，想在美国成功的Kanai是要让美国人爱上日本食物——寿司。
3．What's the text mainly about
A．The first American to eat sushi.
B．The most popular Japanese in the U．S.
C．How sushi became popular in the U．S.
D．How much Americans spend on sushi a year.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，以前大多数美国人认为吃生的海鲜十分恶心，但一个名叫Noritoshi Kanai的日本人却让寿司风靡全美。本文主要介绍他如何让寿司在美国广受欢迎。
B
The English language has a lot of words which can be used in many different ways and in many different expressions.
One such example is the word matter. In fact, matter can mean just about anything. It could be one of the most useful words in the English language.
Let's get to the heart of the matter — a matter of principle (原则)．
If someone says that you owe (欠) him D|S50 but you don't, a friend might say, “Well, you could pay him the D|S50. It's not that much money. Then you won't have to hear him say it anymore.” But if you do not owe him the money, do not pay him the money. It's a matter of principle.
There is another way to use the word matter.But be careful with your choice of words.
If you ask someone, “What's the matter？”， it shows you are worried about the other person. But saying, “What's the matter with you？” has a completely different meaning. And it usually sounds rude (粗鲁的). In fact, when you say “What's the matter with you？”， you are suggesting that the person did something wrong or stupid.
Another expression that could sound rude is to say, “It doesn't matter to me.” Here, it depends on the context,_and how you say it.
Let's say you tell someone that a friend just got a big raise at work. That person answers with, “It doesn't matter to me.” Here, it means he or she does not care. And it sounds rude.
But saying, “Oh, you pick where we eat dinner. It doesn't matter to me.” does not sound rude. In this situation. “It doesn't matter” shows you are easy going (随和的)．
No matter how you look at it and what you say, matter is a very useful word. And it's only a matter of time before you will become an expert on the use of matter.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了matter一词的诸多用法。
4．What is the author's suggestion in Paragraph 4
A．Every penny counts.
B．Stick to what is right.
C．Follow your friend's advice.
D．Be careful when making friends.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But if you do not owe him the money, do not pay him the money. It's a matter of principle.”可推测，作者认为钱的数目不重要，重要的是原则问题。因此他觉得在对的事情上要坚持自己的立场，不要轻易作出让步或改变。
5．The underlined word “context” in the text probably means ________.
A．choice B．person
C．situation D．answer
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二、三段举例说明“It doesn't matter to me”在不同的语境意思不同可知，该表达取决于上下文语境，故选situation。
6．The author develops the text mainly by ________.
A．using examples
B．giving instructions
C．describing his experiences
D．discussing research findings
解析：选A 写作手法题。根据文中用不同的例子来讲解matter的用法可知，作者主要是通过举例来展开全文的。
C
Many teachers use student participation as a basis on which to assign grades. Some criticize the practice as harmful to classroom dynamics, like two California high schoolers who wrote an opinion piece about it in their school newspaper. “A student who is unwilling or unable to speak in class does not always show a lack of care, since all students function in different ways，” they write, nothing that some students require more time, or written assignments, to grasp new material presented in class.
They also point out the detrimental effect participation requirements can have on the quality of a lesson; for example, students might speak up only in an effort to get participation points, resulting in questions that lack insight and wasted opportunities for those who genuinely want to learn.
Finally, the high schoolers criticize the nature of participation grades. “Simply recording the number of times a person participates fails to capture the nature of what exactly was said，” they write, adding that participation grades leave too much room for teachers' favoritism to show through.
Of course, there's a different side to every story. In a recent article in The Atlantic, a middle school teacher defends her decision to keep class participation as a requirement for her students. “As a teacher, it is my job to teach grammar, vocabulary and literature, but I must also teach my students how to succeed in the world we live in — a world where most people won't stop talking，” she says. “If anything, I feel even more strongly that my introverted (内向的) students must learn how to self advocate by communicating with parents, educators, and the world at large.”
She mentions several resources in the article. One such resource is Dr. Kendall Hoyt, an assistant professor of medicine at Dartmouth Medical School. Dr. Hoyt is a self described introvert and mother of two introverts. “I understand that social anxiety is a real thing, and part of my job as a teacher is to teach people how to express themselves clearly and be heard，” Dr. Hoyt says. She also teaches this to her own children, creating chances for them that require them to approach strangers, make eye contact and ask for something, like directions or information.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章是关于老师是否应该根据课堂参与情况评价学生的不同观点。
7．The article written by the two high schoolers is about whether students is should ________.
A．speak freely in class
B．be graded on participation
C．spend more time speaking
D．be given written assignments
解析：选B 细节理解题。由文章开头的“Many teachers use student participation as a basis on which to assign grades. Some criticize the practice as harmful to classroom dynamics, like ...”可知，这两位高中生的文章是关于老师是否应该根据课堂参与情况评价学生。
8．Which can best replace the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 2
A．Lasting. B．Harmful.
C．Practical. D．Beneficial.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。由下文所举例子“students might speak up only in an effort to get participation points ... want to learn”可推断，此处是讲根据课堂参与情况评分的有害影响。故画线词的意思应该是“有害的”。
9．The middle school teacher mentioned in Paragraph 4 stresses the importance of ________.
A．English literature
B．vocabulary and grammar
C．grading students objectively
D．teaching students to express themselves
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第四段中的“but I must also teach my students how to succeed in the world we live in — a world where most people won't stop talking ... students must learn how to self advocate ...”可推断，这位中学老师强调教学生表达的重要性。
10．Why does the middle school teacher mention Dr. Hoyt in her article
A．To express her doubts.
B．To support her argument.
C．To compare different ideas.
D．To attract readers' attention.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Dr. Hoyt和这位中学老师的观点一致，也认为教孩子们有效沟通和表达很重要。故这位老师是用Dr. Hoyt的话来支持自己的观点。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are disadvantages and advantages to all parenting styles. There is no such thing as perfect parenting. The two main styles of parenting are tolerant (宽容的) and strict. __11__ Some of those advantages are evident (明显的) during childhood or adulthood.
One of the advantages of strict parents is that they push their children to high standards.This is especially true with regard to academics. __12__ As a result, the children tend to perform extremely well in their studies due to those expectations. Strict parents may even limit fun activities if their children do not succeed in doing things.
__13__ This happens because they help their children learn important values such as discipline. The children learn that they must make certain choices or bear the consequences. This confidence can also lead to independent children and adults.
Children with strict parenting can learn selflessness. If a child's needs are always met in a family with tolerant parents, the child may be spoiled (被宠坏的) and selfish. Strict parents get their children to focus their attention more on the benefits of the family members and learn to share with others. __14__
__15__ This is ideal for all children, but especially for those who have behavioral problems. Strict parents tend to have hard line policies regarding homework, school attendance and activities. That self discipline lasts for a lifetime.
A．Strict parents demand the best grades from their children.
B．Both styles of parenting have their advantages and disadvantages.
C．While there are disadvantages, there are also advantages of strict parenting.
D．Another advantage of strict parents is that they help their children build confidence.
E．So children growing up in a family with strict parenting are more likely to be selfless.
F．One of the most beneficial things about strict parenting is that it often teaches discipline.
G．An important advantage of strict parenting is that parents set good examples to their children.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文。分析了父母的严格要求对孩子成长的好处。
11．解析：选C 通读全文后可知，本选项用于点明文章的主题——父母的严格要求对孩子的成长有好处，故选C项。
12．解析：选A 本选项承接上一句中的academics，说明严格的父母要求孩子取得最好的学业成绩，同时也与下一句中的studies相关联，故选A项。
13．解析：选D 本段主要讲严格的父母会在管教中帮助孩子建立自信心，同时本段最后一句再次明确了本段的主旨，故选D项。
14．解析：选E 本选项与前一句构成逻辑上的因果关系，与本段的主旨句相照应，说明严格的父母会帮助孩子形成无私的品格，故选E项。
15．解析：选F 根据本段的内容可以概括出本段的主旨——严格的父母教会孩子自律，故选F项。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A lawyer and a woman were sitting next to each other during a long flight. The lawyer asked her if she would like to play a fun game. The woman was __16__ and just wanted to take a nap (小睡), so she politely refused. __17__， the lawyer continued to explain how the game __18__， “Now I ask you a question, and if you don't know the answer, you __19__ me ...”
Again, she politely refused and tried to get some __20__. The lawyer thought he would easily win the game, so he made another __21__， “If you don't know the answer you __22__ pay me D|S5, but if I don't know the answer, I will pay you D|S50.”
This __23__ the woman's attention. Figuring that there would be no __24__ unless she played, she finally __25__ to play the game. The lawyer asked the first question, “What's the distance from the earth to the moon？”
The woman didn't say a word, reached into her purse, pulled out a five dollar bill and __26__ it to the lawyer. Now it was the woman's __27__. She asked the lawyer, “What __28__ a hill with three legs and comes down with four？”
The lawyer looked at her with a(n) __29__ look. He took out his laptop computer and began __30__. Disappointed, he set e mails to everyone he knew, with no __31__. After one hour, he __32__ at last. He woke the woman and handed her D|S50. The woman took the D|S50 and turned away to get back to sleep.
The lawyer __33__ the woman again and asked. “So what is the __34__？” Again without a(n) __35__， the woman reached into her purse for a bill. She handed the lawyer D|S5, and went back to sleep.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文，话题是人物故事类。在飞机上，一个律师一再要求和邻座的女士玩一个游戏，女士只好配合。结果女士很轻松地赢了律师。
16．A.kind B．tired
C．busy D．shy
解析：选B 根据句中的“...wanted to take a nap (小睡) ...”可知这位女士“累了(tired)”。
17．A.Anyhow B．Instead
C．Besides D．However
解析：选D 女士拒绝了对方的提议，“然而(However)”，他仍然继续讲游戏规则。
18．A.developed B．appeared
C．worked D．changed
解析：选C 根据后面的“Now I ask you a question, and if you don't know the answer, you ... me ...”可知此处他解释了游戏的“玩法(worked)”。
19．A.pay B．beg
C．call D．help
解析：选A 根据后文的“...I will pay you D|S50”可知律师的意思是，他先问一个问题，如果对方不知道答案就需要给他“钱(pay)”。
20．A.support B．information
C．water D．sleep
解析：选D 根据前面的“...just wanted to take a nap (小睡) ...”可知女士再一次拒绝了，准备“睡(sleep)”一会。
21．A.excuse B．offer
C．mistake D．noise
解析：选B 女士要睡觉，拒绝了对方的要求，故此处指他再次提出玩游戏的“要求(offer)”。
22．A.only B．also
C．even D．still
解析：选A 和下文中的50美元相比，律师“只(only)”要5美元。
23．A.needed B．gave
C．caught D．avoided
解析：选C 这时候，女士准备答应和对方玩游戏，由此可知，律师所说的话“吸引(caught)”了她的注意力。
24．A.hope B．end
C．interest D．future
解析：选B 女士认为，如果她不同意玩这个游戏，律师不会“停止(end)”。
25．A.agreed B．refused
C．forgot D．stopped
解析：选A 联系下文内容可知，她最终“同意(agreed)”玩这个游戏。
26．A.sent B．spread
C．handed D．showed
解析：选C 根据句中的“a five dollar bill”可知，女士从钱包拿出了钱，“给了(handed)”律师。
27．A.point B．turn
C．choice D．part
解析：选B 第一轮完成了，所以该“轮到(turn)”女士提问题了。
28．A.goes up B．takes away
C．covers D．replaces
解析：选A 联系句中的“comes down”和此处的对比意义可知女士的意思是：什么是用三条腿“上(goes up)”山？
29．A.sad B．frightened
C．excited D．puzzled
解析：选D 律师回答不出这个问题，所以流露出“疑惑不解的(puzzled)”表情。
30．A.writing B．reporting
C．searching D．discovering
解析：选C 他拿出笔记本电脑开始“查找(searching)”。
31．A.reward B．success
C．connection D．task
解析：选B 根据下文中的“He woke the woman and handed her D|S50”可知他通过各种方式寻找答案，但都没有“成功(success)”。
32．A.continued on B．moved around
C．gave up D．went out
解析：选C 找了一个小时，他最后还是“放弃(gave up)”了。
33．A.praised B．punished
C．blamed D．woke
解析：选D 根据上一段的“The woman took the D|S50 and turned away to get back to sleep”可知，女士又睡着了，所以律师再次“叫醒(woke)”她。
34．A.answer B．secret
C．difference D．time
解析：选A 根据前面内容可知女士问了律师一个问题，现在律师问女士那个问题的“答案(answer)”。
35．A.word B．order
C．promise D．plan
解析：选A 此处和第四段第一句“The woman didn't say a word ...”相照应，这位女士再次拿出了5美元给了律师，没有说一句“话(word)”。
非选择题部分
Ⅳ.语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
My hometown is a small municipality (自治镇) called Aschach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.The town __36__ (locate) in the Danube Valley and has a population of 2,190.First __37__ (mention) in the year 777, Aschach has a historic center with beautiful houses and courtyards, including a castle.Tourists can enjoy architectural styles from the Gothic, Baroque and Renaissance.As Austria is pretty small, we can __38__ (easy) travel to many other European countries.For example, I can drive to Germany within one hour.To the Czech Republic it just takes me 30 minutes.
In general, Austrian people pay a lot of attention to the environment and try __39__ (live) in harmony with nature.Many of them grow __40__ own vegetables or buy __41__ (agriculture) products from nearby farmers.
I __42__ (live) in Beijing for a long time up to now.__43__ I miss most in the Danube are the starry sky, my family and friends.Aschach is a wonderful place and every time I go home, I feel relaxed and calm.It is one of the prettiest __44__ (village) in Austria and visitors from all around the world come to have a tour __45__ it every year.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了奥地利的Aschach自治镇。
36．is located 考查动词的时态和语态。该城镇坐落于多瑙河谷，有2 190人。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；又locate作“把……安置在(或建造于)”讲时是及物动词，与The town之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is located。
37．mentioned 考查非谓语动词。mention与其逻辑主语Aschach之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填mentioned。
38．easily 考查副词。因为奥地利很小，所以我们能很容易地去许多其他的欧洲国家旅行。修饰动词应用副词，故填easily。
39．to live 考查非谓语动词。奥地利人很关注环境，他们努力与自然和谐相处。try to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。
40．their 考查代词。许多人自己种蔬菜。空处指代的是“Many of them”，再结合空后的“own”可知，应填their。
41．agricultural 考查形容词。此处指许多人从附近的农民那里购买农产品。空处修饰名词products，应用形容词。故填agricultural“农业的”。
42．have lived 考查动词时态。到目前为止，“我”已经在北京住了很长一段时间了。根据句中的“up to now”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填have lived。
43．What 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“……的东西”，故填What。
44．villages 考查名词复数。Aschach是奥地利最美丽的村庄之一。此处考查的是“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”这一结构，故填villages。
45．of 考查介词。每年，来自世界各地的游客都会来这里旅游。tour“旅游，旅行”，表示在某地旅游时常与介词of搭配使用。
Ⅴ.应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你校外籍教师Peter计划在暑假期间回国，他想送给母亲几件可以代表中国文化的礼物。请你给他写一封邮件，向他推荐礼物。内容包括：
1．推荐礼物——旗袍和中国结；
2．推荐原因；
3．表达祝福。
注意：1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：代表represent；旗袍cheongsam；
中国结Chinese knot
Dear Peter，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture. And I am writing to give you some advice.
Personally, I think you should buy the following two gifts. Cheongsam, a very beautiful traditional dress for Chinese women, can show the real beauty of a woman. I am sure your mother will like it very much. What's more, it is also a good choice for you to buy the Chinese knot. It is usually hung in the sitting room or cars, which represents good luck.
Wish you a good vacation and give my best wishes to your family.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅵ.概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it is better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.
The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. When people do their jobs or take actions in a hurry, they cannot make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes, “Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly.
Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances in enjoying our life.
Finally, slower life pace provides better healthy conditions for us. As is known to all, taking actions in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. Being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter.
In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. However, much stress can't bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace.
参考范文：
To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry.There are three reasons for this.(要点1) Firstly，doing things in a hurry will raise the possibility of making mistakes.(要点2) Secondly, being in a hurry will not give people enough time to enjoy their life.(要点3) Thirdly, doing things in a hurry raises people's pressure and therefore is bad for their health.(要点4) In brief, it is better for people to live life at a slower pace than to live life in a hurry.(要点5)