Unit 1 第2课时日常表达及句型(共26张PPT) 2022-2023学年八年级英语下册同步精品课堂（牛津上海版）
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| 名称 | Unit 1 第2课时日常表达及句型(共26张PPT) 2022-2023学年八年级英语下册同步精品课堂（牛津上海版） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-12-27 09:20:58 | ||
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(共26张PPT)
Trees
牛津上海版 英语 八年级 第二学期
Unit 1
Episode 2
沪教版 英语 八年级 第二学期
第1节
本节课讲解短语及句型部分
Daily expressions. 日常表达
1. be interested in 对……感兴趣
e. g. Peter is interested in playing football. 彼得对踢足球感兴趣。
指点迷津：interesting 与interested
(1) interesting形容词，意为“有趣的”。
e.g.We are going to show an interesting experiment. 我们将给大家做个有趣的实验。
(2) interested形容词，意为“对……感兴趣”，短语be/become interested in。
e.g. They have become interested in science. 他们对自然科学感兴趣。
Are you interested in history 你对历史感兴趣吗？
2. living things生物
指点迷津: alive 与living
通常情况下，alive做表语(be alive)，而living 一般放在名词前做定语用。
e.g. That great man is still alive. 那个伟人依然活着。
all living things 一切生物
Latin is not a living language. 拉丁语不是现代用语。
3. on the end of…在……的末端
e.g. Have you ever noticed the rubber on the end of a pencil 你有注意过铅笔末端的那个橡皮头吗？
4. of course当然
e. g. -Will you help me please 请你帮助我好吗？
-Of course!当然可以！
5. thank…for… 为……而感谢…
e.g. He thanked her for the gift. 他感谢她的礼物。
The manager thanked her crew for being so cooperative. 经理感谢她的同事们如此通力合作。
6. take…from…从……中拿出…
e.g. When people take trees from the forests, have they ever thought about planting more
当人们从森林中取走树木的时候，他们有想过要种更多的树木吗？
7. release…into… 将……释放到……中
e.g. Look, that steel work is releasing black smoke into the air. 看呀，那家钢铁厂正在向空气中排放黑烟。
8. as well as也，还
e.g. He as well as his sisters, is going to Canada. 他和他的姐妹们将要去加拿大。
She is clever as well as beautiful. 她不仅聪明，而且漂亮。
Penguins can swim under the water as well as on the top of it. 企鹅不但能在水里游，而且能在水上游。
【知识拓展】 注意区别as well as/not only…but also…
①The teacher, as well as the students, wishes for a holiday.（重点放在前者）
②Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. （重点放在后者）
9. protect…by doing sth. 通过……保护…
e.g. The parents wanted to protect their children by locking them in the house.
这对父母希望通过将孩子反锁在家中来保护他们的安全。
10. join…together将……连在一起
e.g. The trees nearby can join their roots together. 周围的树木可以将它们的根系交织在一起。
11. communicate with one another相互联系，相互沟通
e.g. Nowadays, people usually communicate with each other through the Internet.
如今，人们常常通过因特网相互联系。
指点迷津：one another, each other
一般来说，在表示两个人之间的相互关系时用each other，表示两人以上的相互关系时用one another，但在实际运用时两者皆可。
e.g. Students should help each other. 学生们应当相互帮助。
Stuttents share their ideas freely with one another. 学生们可以自由地交换他们的想法。
12. hardly any 几乎没有
e.g. He spent nearly all his money. He had hardly any left. 他几乎花光所有的钱。他几乎没有剩下任何东西。
13. in danger 处于危险中
e.g. He is in danger, please inform him as soon as possible. 他处于危险之中，请尽快通知他。
The people in the burning house are in danger. 房子着火了，里面的人正处于危险中。
14. protect sb. by/from/against ……保护
e.g. The man raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 这个男人抬起胳膊挡住他的脸部免受拳击。
Please wear a hat to protect your head against the sun. 请戴好帽子，免得头部遭到暴晒。
15. What else…？ 还有什么……？
e.g. What else do you want to buy 你还想买些什么？
Important Sentences structures.
1. They make streets more beautiful and less noisy.
“more”和“less”用于多音节和一些双音节形容词和副词之前。“more”表示“更加”，“less”表示“不如，较差”。
e. g. Jane is less beautiful than Susan. 珍妮没有苏珊漂亮。
Susan’s more beautiful than Jane. 苏珊比珍妮更漂亮。
2. And, I suppose you also enjoy breathing pure, cool air.
enjoy doing意为“喜欢做……事，享受做……事的乐趣”。
e.g. I enjoy reading books at home on Sundays. 周日我喜欢在家看书。
3. … produce enough oxygen to keep your whole class alive and healthy for a whole year.
enough+n. +to do
e.g. I have enough time to finish the work.我有足够的时间来完成这份工作。
adj. /adv. +enough+ to do
e.g. It's warm enough to swim. 天气足够暖和，可以游泳。
He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快，没有赶上火车。
Rewrite the following sentences as required (根据要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词):
1．Mr. Li wanted to buy a nice gift for his little daughter. (改为一般疑问句)
________ Mr. Li ________ to buy a nice gift for his little daughter
2．He will lend his car to Uncle Wang when he goes to Beijing next week.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ he lend his car to when he goes to Beijing next week
3．I'm riding a new bike now. The bike is mine. （保持句意不变）
The new bike I'm riding now ________ ________ me.
4．Have you watered the flowers Please tell me. (改为宾语从句)
Please tell me ________ you ________ watered the flowers.
5．said, for, she, paper, to, taking away, sorry, Mike, his (连词成句)
随堂练习一
1． Did want 2． Who will 3． belongs to 4． if/whether have 5．She said sorry to Mike for taking away his paper 【解析】1．句意：李先生想给他小女儿买件漂亮的礼物。要求改成一般疑问句，根据wanted，可知疑问句的时态用一般过去时，含有实意动词的一般疑问句的构成要借助助动词did，并位于句首，首字母大写，后接动词原形，wanted的动词原形是want，故填Did，want。2．句意：当他下周去北京的时候，他会把车借给王叔叔。对Uncle Wang提问用特殊疑问词who，谁，后接一般疑问句，由原句可知，特殊疑问句的时态为一般将来时，应将助动词will提到一般疑问句的句首，故填Who；will。3．句意：我现在正在骑一辆信自行车。那辆自行车是我的。这句话的同义句句意为：我现在正在骑的这辆新自行车属于我的。belong to，属于，动词短语，be+名词性物主代词可以和belong to sb互换，描述客观现实，用一般现在时，主语是bike，名词单数，动词用三单形式，故填belongs，to。4．句意：你给花浇水了吗？请告诉我。一般疑问句变成宾语从句连接词要用if/whether，是否，宾语从句用陈述句语序。改变后的句意为：请告诉我是否你给花交浇了水。原句为现在完成时，从句的主句为祈使句，宾语从句也用现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词，故填if/whether，have。5．句意：她因拿走了麦克的纸向他道歉。词意：said说，for因为，she她，paper纸，to朝，介词；taking away拿走，sorry对不起，Mike麦克，his他的，根据所给单词和said可知用陈述句，said sorry to sb for因……向某人道歉，his paper他的纸，故填She said sorry to Mike for taking away his paper。【点睛】考查连词成句，首先翻译单词词义，确定句子的类型，其次将词义连成句子，根据句意将单词放在对应的位置上，注意调整顺序。例如，第四小题，句意：你给花浇水了吗？请告诉我。一般疑问句变成宾语从句连接词要用if/whether，是否，宾语从句用陈述句语序。改变后的句意为：请告诉我是否你给花交浇了水。原句为现在完成时，从句的主句为祈使句，宾语从句也用现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词，故填if/whether，have。
Complete the following sentences as required（根据所给要求完成句子。每空格限填一词）
6．I took the last train to go home.（改为否定句）
I __________ __________ the last train to go home.
7．The Olympic Games are held once every four years.（对划线部分提问）
____________ __________are the Olympic Games held
8．They tried everything they could to improve the situation.（改为反意疑问句）
They tried everything they could to improve the situation,__________ __________
9．Can you help me carry this bookcase （保持句意不变）
Can you __________me a __________carrying this bookcase
10．The boy is very short. He cannot reach the apple.（合并为一句）
The boy is __________short __________reach the apple.
11．E-mail, of, phone, I, an ,call, making, instead, a, sent （连词成句）
________________________________________________________________________
随堂练习二
6． didn’t take 7． How often 8． didn’t they 9． do favor 10． too to 11．I sent an e-mail instead of making a phone call. 【解析】6．句意：我乘坐最后一列火车回家。本题要求改为否定句，原句中took是实意动词take的过去式形式，否定句应用助动词did构成，与not缩写为didn’t；原来的过去式应变为原形take。故填didn’t take。7．句意：奥运会每四年举行一次。句中划线部分once every four years表示举办奥运会的频率，对频率提问应用疑问词How often，意为“多久一次”。8．句意：他们尽一切可能来改善情况。本题要求改为反意疑问句，原句中谓语动词tried是实意动词try的过去式形式，反意疑问句应用助动词did构成，陈述句是肯定句，反意疑问句用否定形式，故填didn’t；主语为they，故第二个空填they。9．句意：你能帮助我搬这个书柜吗？原句中help sb do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，同义短语为do sb. a favor doing sth.；第一个空前有情态动词can，故填原形do；第二个空填favor。10．句意：这个男孩很矮。他够不到苹果。根据原句句意以及空后…short…reach the apple可知，这里考查too…to…结构，意为“太……而不能……”，第一个too后修饰形容词或者副词；第二个to后跟动词原形。11．句意：我发送了一个电子邮件代替打电话。这句话的主语为I，谓语动词是sent，“发送”，后跟宾语an e-mail；instead of是固定短语，意为“代替……，而不是”，后面跟动名词短语making a phone call。【点睛】这个题目是句型转换，考查了否定句、同义句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句等句式的用法。反意疑问句：1.前肯后否，前否后肯；2.有be动词用be动词的形式；有情态动词直接用情态动词；如果谓语动词为实意动词，那么用助动词do, does或did构成反意疑问句，后面加句子的主语，必须为代词，不能加名词。如第3小题，本题要求改为反意疑问句，原句中谓语动词tried是实意动词try的过去式形式，反意疑问句应用助动词did构成，陈述句是肯定句，反意疑问句用否定形式，故填didn’t；主语为they，故第二个空填they。否定句的变化规则类似，如第1小题，原句谓语动词took也是实意动词，故否定句用助动词did构成，需要特别注意将原来的过去式took变为原形take。
Complete the following sentences as required （根据所给要求完成句子。）12．Peter likes to swim every Sunday.（改为否定句）Peter__________ __________to swim every Sunday.13．It’s five minutes’ walk from my school to my home.（对划线部分提问）__________ ___________is it from your school to my home 14．Wendy is so young that she can’t drive a car.（保持句意不变）Wendy is_________young_________drive a car.15．The boy with short, blonde hair has got his own blog.（对划线部分提问）_________ __________ has got his own blog 16．Tim seldom goes to school late.（改为反义疑问句）Tim seldom goes to school late，__________ __________ 17．drive, not, police, asked, the, after, drinking, to, people（连词成句）_________________________________________________________________________
随堂练习三
12． doesn’t like 13． How far 14． too to 15． Which boy 16． does he 17．The police asked people not to drive after drinking. 【解析】12．变为否定句，在be动词/助动词/情态动词后加not，本句话对实意动词likes进行否定，用助动词，是一般现在时，且根据主语Peter可知，用doesn’t，助动词后接动词原形，故填doesn’t like。13．对five minutes’ walk进行提问，表示距离，且根据from...to...可知，用how far“多远”，且空位于句首，故填How far。14．第一句话的含义为“温迪是如此地小，以至于她不能开车”，根据第二空后drive a car可知，用too...to...太……以至于不能……，故填too和to。15．对划线部分with short, blonde hair进行提问，应问“哪一个男孩”。which哪一个，且空位于句首，故填Which boy。16．变成反意疑问句，根据“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则可知，陈述句中含有seldom，疑问句部分用肯定句，根据goes可知，用助动词，陈述句中的主语为Tim，疑问句中应该用人称代词he，故填does he。17．根据所给单词drive（驾驶）, not（不要）, police（警察）, asked（要求）, the（定冠词，特指）, after（在……之后）, drinking（喝酒）, to（动词不定时，后接动词原形）, people（人们）。可组成一句话“警察要求人们喝酒后不要开车”，故填The police asked people not to drive after drinking
Rewrite the following sentences required. (根据所给要求，改写下列句子。)18．The new flat in the downtown area cost me a lot of money.(改为否定句）The new flat in the downtown area____ cost me ____money.19．John works as a volunteer in a children’s hospital once a week.(对划线部分提问）____ ____does John works as a volunteer in a children’s hospital 20．You have given us very useful information.(改为感叹句）_____ ____information you have given us！21．John is seldom late for school.(改为反义疑问句）John is seldom late for school，____ ____？22．The hall is very small. It can’t hold so many people.(两句合并为一句）The hall is____ small____ hold so many people.23．Some interesting places,our teachers,visit ,twice a week,take us to(连词成句）____________________________________________________________________
随堂练习四
18． didn’t much 19． How often 20． What useful 21． is he 22． too to 23．Our teachers take us to visit some interesting places twice a week. 【解析】18．句意：市中心的新公寓花了我很多钱。含实义动词的一般过去时的句子改为否定句，用didn't；修饰不可数名词表示多，用much；故填didn’t much。19．句意：约翰每周一次在儿童医院担任志愿者。对once a week进行提问使用how often ；故填How often。20．句意：你给了我们非常有用的信息。感叹句对不可数名词进行修饰，用what，再加上本身形容词useful；information是不可数名词，零冠词，故填What useful。21．句意：约翰很少上学。陈述部分有否定副词seldom，固疑问部分用肯定；故填is he。22．句意：这个大厅非常小。它不能容纳这么多人。so...that +否定词 = too...to, 表示“太……而不能……”，故填 too to。23．句意：我们的老师带我们每周两次去一些有趣的地方。Some interesting places意为“一些有趣的地方”，our teachers意为我们的老师；twice a week意为“一周两次”；take us to意为“带我们去……”，故填Our teachers take us to visit some interesting places twice a week.
Rewrite the sentences as required.24．You can hardly believe it. (改为反意疑问句)25．You mother is not so pushy as mine. (保持句意基本不变)26．Trees cool the air and trees clean the air, too. (保持句意基本不变)27．These people hardly care about the pollution in the city. (保持句意基本不变)28．Some kinds of fish release some black liquid to protect themselves from being killed. （保持句意基本不变）29．Both of them enjoy breathing the fresh air. (改为否定句)30．We should plant more trees to help protect our environment. (对划线部分提问)31．Without trees, the earth would get so hot that people couldn’t live on it. (保持原句意思)32．Building sandcastles at the beach is great fun! （改为感叹句）33．Have you got ready for the final exam Our class teacher asked the students.（合并为一句）
随堂练习五
24．You can hardly believe it, can you 25．Your mother is less pushy than mine. 26．Trees cool the air as well as clean it.Trees cool the air and clean it as well. 27．These people almost never care about the pollution in the city.These people almost don’t care about the pollution in the city. 28．Some kinds of fish protect themselves from being killed by sending out some black liquid. 29．Neither of them enjoys breathing the fresh air. 30．Why should we plant more trees 31．Without trees, the earth would get too hot for people to live on. 32．What great fun it is to build sandcastles at the beach is! 33．Our class teacher asked us if / whether we had got ready for the final exams. 【解析】24．句意：你简直不敢相信。反意疑问句的构成符合“前肯后否，前否后肯”。如果陈述句部分含有seldom, hardly, never, nothing等否定词，其反意疑问部分要用肯定式；其次陈述部分与反意疑问部分的动词时态和人称保持一致。原句改为一般疑问句Can you hardly believe it 改为反意疑问句部分为can you？ 故填You can hardly believe it, can you 25．句意：你妈妈不像我妈妈那么固执。“not so+形容词/副词原级+as”引导同级比较，表示“不如……一样”，可以与“less +形容词/副词原级+ than”转换。故填Your mother is less pushy than mine.26．句意：树木冷却空气，树木也清洁空气。too 在原句中作状语，意为“又，也”,用在肯定句中，常位于句末用逗号点开。as well也可以用来表示“也”，用在句末，不用逗号点开；as well as 可以用来连接两个并列的成分，表示“也，还”，可以与too转换。故填Trees cool the air as well as clean it.或Trees cool the air and clean it as well.27．句意：这些人几乎不关心城市的污染。hardly 表示“几乎不”，是一个有否定含义的词，可以与almost not或almost never进行同义转换。故填These people almost never care about the pollution in the city. 或 These people almost don’t care about the pollution in the city.28．句意：一些种类的鱼释放一些黑色的液体来保护自己不被杀死。release 动词，表示“释放”，同义词组是send out，介词by后跟动名词doing. 故填 Some kinds of fish protect themselves from being killed by sending out some black liquid29．句意：他们俩都喜欢呼吸新鲜空气。原句中含有both，指“两者都……”，表示肯定，改为否定句时要表示“两者都不”，可以用neither，且neither of后面的谓语动词要用单数形式。时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式。故填Neither of them enjoys breathing the fresh air.30．句意：我们应该种更多的树来帮助保护我们的环境。原句中划线部分动词不定式，表示目的，在句中作目的状语。特殊疑问词用why，特殊疑问句的格式为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”，一般疑问句要把should提到句首。故填Why should we plant more trees 31．句意：没有树，地球会变得很热，人们不能在上面生活。原句中有“so + 形容词 + that”引导的结果状语从句，可以与too…to…连接的简单句进行转换。too…to…表示“太……而不能……”。故填Without trees, the earth would get too hot for people to live on.32．句意：在海滩上堆沙堡是非常有趣的! 原句中没有感叹词，可以增加感叹词进行转换。great fun很大的乐趣，名词短语，感叹词用What。感叹句运用的结构是“What+ 形容词 + 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语动词+其他!”。故填What great fun it is to build sandcastles at the beach is!33．句意：你准备好期末考试了吗 我们的班主任问学生。原句为两个简单句，可以改为主从复合句。根据句意，可知原句可以改为宾语从句。宾语从句部分需要用陈述句语序，把Have you got改成we have got；主句时态是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去的时态；因为引导的宾语从句为一般疑问句，连接词可以用if或 whether，意为“是否”。故填Our class teacher asked us if / whether we had got ready for the final exams.
愿君皆有所获，皆有所得
Trees
牛津上海版 英语 八年级 第二学期
Unit 1
Episode 2
沪教版 英语 八年级 第二学期
第1节
本节课讲解短语及句型部分
Daily expressions. 日常表达
1. be interested in 对……感兴趣
e. g. Peter is interested in playing football. 彼得对踢足球感兴趣。
指点迷津：interesting 与interested
(1) interesting形容词，意为“有趣的”。
e.g.We are going to show an interesting experiment. 我们将给大家做个有趣的实验。
(2) interested形容词，意为“对……感兴趣”，短语be/become interested in。
e.g. They have become interested in science. 他们对自然科学感兴趣。
Are you interested in history 你对历史感兴趣吗？
2. living things生物
指点迷津: alive 与living
通常情况下，alive做表语(be alive)，而living 一般放在名词前做定语用。
e.g. That great man is still alive. 那个伟人依然活着。
all living things 一切生物
Latin is not a living language. 拉丁语不是现代用语。
3. on the end of…在……的末端
e.g. Have you ever noticed the rubber on the end of a pencil 你有注意过铅笔末端的那个橡皮头吗？
4. of course当然
e. g. -Will you help me please 请你帮助我好吗？
-Of course!当然可以！
5. thank…for… 为……而感谢…
e.g. He thanked her for the gift. 他感谢她的礼物。
The manager thanked her crew for being so cooperative. 经理感谢她的同事们如此通力合作。
6. take…from…从……中拿出…
e.g. When people take trees from the forests, have they ever thought about planting more
当人们从森林中取走树木的时候，他们有想过要种更多的树木吗？
7. release…into… 将……释放到……中
e.g. Look, that steel work is releasing black smoke into the air. 看呀，那家钢铁厂正在向空气中排放黑烟。
8. as well as也，还
e.g. He as well as his sisters, is going to Canada. 他和他的姐妹们将要去加拿大。
She is clever as well as beautiful. 她不仅聪明，而且漂亮。
Penguins can swim under the water as well as on the top of it. 企鹅不但能在水里游，而且能在水上游。
【知识拓展】 注意区别as well as/not only…but also…
①The teacher, as well as the students, wishes for a holiday.（重点放在前者）
②Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. （重点放在后者）
9. protect…by doing sth. 通过……保护…
e.g. The parents wanted to protect their children by locking them in the house.
这对父母希望通过将孩子反锁在家中来保护他们的安全。
10. join…together将……连在一起
e.g. The trees nearby can join their roots together. 周围的树木可以将它们的根系交织在一起。
11. communicate with one another相互联系，相互沟通
e.g. Nowadays, people usually communicate with each other through the Internet.
如今，人们常常通过因特网相互联系。
指点迷津：one another, each other
一般来说，在表示两个人之间的相互关系时用each other，表示两人以上的相互关系时用one another，但在实际运用时两者皆可。
e.g. Students should help each other. 学生们应当相互帮助。
Stuttents share their ideas freely with one another. 学生们可以自由地交换他们的想法。
12. hardly any 几乎没有
e.g. He spent nearly all his money. He had hardly any left. 他几乎花光所有的钱。他几乎没有剩下任何东西。
13. in danger 处于危险中
e.g. He is in danger, please inform him as soon as possible. 他处于危险之中，请尽快通知他。
The people in the burning house are in danger. 房子着火了，里面的人正处于危险中。
14. protect sb. by/from/against ……保护
e.g. The man raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 这个男人抬起胳膊挡住他的脸部免受拳击。
Please wear a hat to protect your head against the sun. 请戴好帽子，免得头部遭到暴晒。
15. What else…？ 还有什么……？
e.g. What else do you want to buy 你还想买些什么？
Important Sentences structures.
1. They make streets more beautiful and less noisy.
“more”和“less”用于多音节和一些双音节形容词和副词之前。“more”表示“更加”，“less”表示“不如，较差”。
e. g. Jane is less beautiful than Susan. 珍妮没有苏珊漂亮。
Susan’s more beautiful than Jane. 苏珊比珍妮更漂亮。
2. And, I suppose you also enjoy breathing pure, cool air.
enjoy doing意为“喜欢做……事，享受做……事的乐趣”。
e.g. I enjoy reading books at home on Sundays. 周日我喜欢在家看书。
3. … produce enough oxygen to keep your whole class alive and healthy for a whole year.
enough+n. +to do
e.g. I have enough time to finish the work.我有足够的时间来完成这份工作。
adj. /adv. +enough+ to do
e.g. It's warm enough to swim. 天气足够暖和，可以游泳。
He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快，没有赶上火车。
Rewrite the following sentences as required (根据要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词):
1．Mr. Li wanted to buy a nice gift for his little daughter. (改为一般疑问句)
________ Mr. Li ________ to buy a nice gift for his little daughter
2．He will lend his car to Uncle Wang when he goes to Beijing next week.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ he lend his car to when he goes to Beijing next week
3．I'm riding a new bike now. The bike is mine. （保持句意不变）
The new bike I'm riding now ________ ________ me.
4．Have you watered the flowers Please tell me. (改为宾语从句)
Please tell me ________ you ________ watered the flowers.
5．said, for, she, paper, to, taking away, sorry, Mike, his (连词成句)
随堂练习一
1． Did want 2． Who will 3． belongs to 4． if/whether have 5．She said sorry to Mike for taking away his paper 【解析】1．句意：李先生想给他小女儿买件漂亮的礼物。要求改成一般疑问句，根据wanted，可知疑问句的时态用一般过去时，含有实意动词的一般疑问句的构成要借助助动词did，并位于句首，首字母大写，后接动词原形，wanted的动词原形是want，故填Did，want。2．句意：当他下周去北京的时候，他会把车借给王叔叔。对Uncle Wang提问用特殊疑问词who，谁，后接一般疑问句，由原句可知，特殊疑问句的时态为一般将来时，应将助动词will提到一般疑问句的句首，故填Who；will。3．句意：我现在正在骑一辆信自行车。那辆自行车是我的。这句话的同义句句意为：我现在正在骑的这辆新自行车属于我的。belong to，属于，动词短语，be+名词性物主代词可以和belong to sb互换，描述客观现实，用一般现在时，主语是bike，名词单数，动词用三单形式，故填belongs，to。4．句意：你给花浇水了吗？请告诉我。一般疑问句变成宾语从句连接词要用if/whether，是否，宾语从句用陈述句语序。改变后的句意为：请告诉我是否你给花交浇了水。原句为现在完成时，从句的主句为祈使句，宾语从句也用现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词，故填if/whether，have。5．句意：她因拿走了麦克的纸向他道歉。词意：said说，for因为，she她，paper纸，to朝，介词；taking away拿走，sorry对不起，Mike麦克，his他的，根据所给单词和said可知用陈述句，said sorry to sb for因……向某人道歉，his paper他的纸，故填She said sorry to Mike for taking away his paper。【点睛】考查连词成句，首先翻译单词词义，确定句子的类型，其次将词义连成句子，根据句意将单词放在对应的位置上，注意调整顺序。例如，第四小题，句意：你给花浇水了吗？请告诉我。一般疑问句变成宾语从句连接词要用if/whether，是否，宾语从句用陈述句语序。改变后的句意为：请告诉我是否你给花交浇了水。原句为现在完成时，从句的主句为祈使句，宾语从句也用现在完成时，结构为have+过去分词，故填if/whether，have。
Complete the following sentences as required（根据所给要求完成句子。每空格限填一词）
6．I took the last train to go home.（改为否定句）
I __________ __________ the last train to go home.
7．The Olympic Games are held once every four years.（对划线部分提问）
____________ __________are the Olympic Games held
8．They tried everything they could to improve the situation.（改为反意疑问句）
They tried everything they could to improve the situation,__________ __________
9．Can you help me carry this bookcase （保持句意不变）
Can you __________me a __________carrying this bookcase
10．The boy is very short. He cannot reach the apple.（合并为一句）
The boy is __________short __________reach the apple.
11．E-mail, of, phone, I, an ,call, making, instead, a, sent （连词成句）
________________________________________________________________________
随堂练习二
6． didn’t take 7． How often 8． didn’t they 9． do favor 10． too to 11．I sent an e-mail instead of making a phone call. 【解析】6．句意：我乘坐最后一列火车回家。本题要求改为否定句，原句中took是实意动词take的过去式形式，否定句应用助动词did构成，与not缩写为didn’t；原来的过去式应变为原形take。故填didn’t take。7．句意：奥运会每四年举行一次。句中划线部分once every four years表示举办奥运会的频率，对频率提问应用疑问词How often，意为“多久一次”。8．句意：他们尽一切可能来改善情况。本题要求改为反意疑问句，原句中谓语动词tried是实意动词try的过去式形式，反意疑问句应用助动词did构成，陈述句是肯定句，反意疑问句用否定形式，故填didn’t；主语为they，故第二个空填they。9．句意：你能帮助我搬这个书柜吗？原句中help sb do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，同义短语为do sb. a favor doing sth.；第一个空前有情态动词can，故填原形do；第二个空填favor。10．句意：这个男孩很矮。他够不到苹果。根据原句句意以及空后…short…reach the apple可知，这里考查too…to…结构，意为“太……而不能……”，第一个too后修饰形容词或者副词；第二个to后跟动词原形。11．句意：我发送了一个电子邮件代替打电话。这句话的主语为I，谓语动词是sent，“发送”，后跟宾语an e-mail；instead of是固定短语，意为“代替……，而不是”，后面跟动名词短语making a phone call。【点睛】这个题目是句型转换，考查了否定句、同义句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句等句式的用法。反意疑问句：1.前肯后否，前否后肯；2.有be动词用be动词的形式；有情态动词直接用情态动词；如果谓语动词为实意动词，那么用助动词do, does或did构成反意疑问句，后面加句子的主语，必须为代词，不能加名词。如第3小题，本题要求改为反意疑问句，原句中谓语动词tried是实意动词try的过去式形式，反意疑问句应用助动词did构成，陈述句是肯定句，反意疑问句用否定形式，故填didn’t；主语为they，故第二个空填they。否定句的变化规则类似，如第1小题，原句谓语动词took也是实意动词，故否定句用助动词did构成，需要特别注意将原来的过去式took变为原形take。
Complete the following sentences as required （根据所给要求完成句子。）12．Peter likes to swim every Sunday.（改为否定句）Peter__________ __________to swim every Sunday.13．It’s five minutes’ walk from my school to my home.（对划线部分提问）__________ ___________is it from your school to my home 14．Wendy is so young that she can’t drive a car.（保持句意不变）Wendy is_________young_________drive a car.15．The boy with short, blonde hair has got his own blog.（对划线部分提问）_________ __________ has got his own blog 16．Tim seldom goes to school late.（改为反义疑问句）Tim seldom goes to school late，__________ __________ 17．drive, not, police, asked, the, after, drinking, to, people（连词成句）_________________________________________________________________________
随堂练习三
12． doesn’t like 13． How far 14． too to 15． Which boy 16． does he 17．The police asked people not to drive after drinking. 【解析】12．变为否定句，在be动词/助动词/情态动词后加not，本句话对实意动词likes进行否定，用助动词，是一般现在时，且根据主语Peter可知，用doesn’t，助动词后接动词原形，故填doesn’t like。13．对five minutes’ walk进行提问，表示距离，且根据from...to...可知，用how far“多远”，且空位于句首，故填How far。14．第一句话的含义为“温迪是如此地小，以至于她不能开车”，根据第二空后drive a car可知，用too...to...太……以至于不能……，故填too和to。15．对划线部分with short, blonde hair进行提问，应问“哪一个男孩”。which哪一个，且空位于句首，故填Which boy。16．变成反意疑问句，根据“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则可知，陈述句中含有seldom，疑问句部分用肯定句，根据goes可知，用助动词，陈述句中的主语为Tim，疑问句中应该用人称代词he，故填does he。17．根据所给单词drive（驾驶）, not（不要）, police（警察）, asked（要求）, the（定冠词，特指）, after（在……之后）, drinking（喝酒）, to（动词不定时，后接动词原形）, people（人们）。可组成一句话“警察要求人们喝酒后不要开车”，故填The police asked people not to drive after drinking
Rewrite the following sentences required. (根据所给要求，改写下列句子。)18．The new flat in the downtown area cost me a lot of money.(改为否定句）The new flat in the downtown area____ cost me ____money.19．John works as a volunteer in a children’s hospital once a week.(对划线部分提问）____ ____does John works as a volunteer in a children’s hospital 20．You have given us very useful information.(改为感叹句）_____ ____information you have given us！21．John is seldom late for school.(改为反义疑问句）John is seldom late for school，____ ____？22．The hall is very small. It can’t hold so many people.(两句合并为一句）The hall is____ small____ hold so many people.23．Some interesting places,our teachers,visit ,twice a week,take us to(连词成句）____________________________________________________________________
随堂练习四
18． didn’t much 19． How often 20． What useful 21． is he 22． too to 23．Our teachers take us to visit some interesting places twice a week. 【解析】18．句意：市中心的新公寓花了我很多钱。含实义动词的一般过去时的句子改为否定句，用didn't；修饰不可数名词表示多，用much；故填didn’t much。19．句意：约翰每周一次在儿童医院担任志愿者。对once a week进行提问使用how often ；故填How often。20．句意：你给了我们非常有用的信息。感叹句对不可数名词进行修饰，用what，再加上本身形容词useful；information是不可数名词，零冠词，故填What useful。21．句意：约翰很少上学。陈述部分有否定副词seldom，固疑问部分用肯定；故填is he。22．句意：这个大厅非常小。它不能容纳这么多人。so...that +否定词 = too...to, 表示“太……而不能……”，故填 too to。23．句意：我们的老师带我们每周两次去一些有趣的地方。Some interesting places意为“一些有趣的地方”，our teachers意为我们的老师；twice a week意为“一周两次”；take us to意为“带我们去……”，故填Our teachers take us to visit some interesting places twice a week.
Rewrite the sentences as required.24．You can hardly believe it. (改为反意疑问句)25．You mother is not so pushy as mine. (保持句意基本不变)26．Trees cool the air and trees clean the air, too. (保持句意基本不变)27．These people hardly care about the pollution in the city. (保持句意基本不变)28．Some kinds of fish release some black liquid to protect themselves from being killed. （保持句意基本不变）29．Both of them enjoy breathing the fresh air. (改为否定句)30．We should plant more trees to help protect our environment. (对划线部分提问)31．Without trees, the earth would get so hot that people couldn’t live on it. (保持原句意思)32．Building sandcastles at the beach is great fun! （改为感叹句）33．Have you got ready for the final exam Our class teacher asked the students.（合并为一句）
随堂练习五
24．You can hardly believe it, can you 25．Your mother is less pushy than mine. 26．Trees cool the air as well as clean it.Trees cool the air and clean it as well. 27．These people almost never care about the pollution in the city.These people almost don’t care about the pollution in the city. 28．Some kinds of fish protect themselves from being killed by sending out some black liquid. 29．Neither of them enjoys breathing the fresh air. 30．Why should we plant more trees 31．Without trees, the earth would get too hot for people to live on. 32．What great fun it is to build sandcastles at the beach is! 33．Our class teacher asked us if / whether we had got ready for the final exams. 【解析】24．句意：你简直不敢相信。反意疑问句的构成符合“前肯后否，前否后肯”。如果陈述句部分含有seldom, hardly, never, nothing等否定词，其反意疑问部分要用肯定式；其次陈述部分与反意疑问部分的动词时态和人称保持一致。原句改为一般疑问句Can you hardly believe it 改为反意疑问句部分为can you？ 故填You can hardly believe it, can you 25．句意：你妈妈不像我妈妈那么固执。“not so+形容词/副词原级+as”引导同级比较，表示“不如……一样”，可以与“less +形容词/副词原级+ than”转换。故填Your mother is less pushy than mine.26．句意：树木冷却空气，树木也清洁空气。too 在原句中作状语，意为“又，也”,用在肯定句中，常位于句末用逗号点开。as well也可以用来表示“也”，用在句末，不用逗号点开；as well as 可以用来连接两个并列的成分，表示“也，还”，可以与too转换。故填Trees cool the air as well as clean it.或Trees cool the air and clean it as well.27．句意：这些人几乎不关心城市的污染。hardly 表示“几乎不”，是一个有否定含义的词，可以与almost not或almost never进行同义转换。故填These people almost never care about the pollution in the city. 或 These people almost don’t care about the pollution in the city.28．句意：一些种类的鱼释放一些黑色的液体来保护自己不被杀死。release 动词，表示“释放”，同义词组是send out，介词by后跟动名词doing. 故填 Some kinds of fish protect themselves from being killed by sending out some black liquid29．句意：他们俩都喜欢呼吸新鲜空气。原句中含有both，指“两者都……”，表示肯定，改为否定句时要表示“两者都不”，可以用neither，且neither of后面的谓语动词要用单数形式。时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式。故填Neither of them enjoys breathing the fresh air.30．句意：我们应该种更多的树来帮助保护我们的环境。原句中划线部分动词不定式，表示目的，在句中作目的状语。特殊疑问词用why，特殊疑问句的格式为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”，一般疑问句要把should提到句首。故填Why should we plant more trees 31．句意：没有树，地球会变得很热，人们不能在上面生活。原句中有“so + 形容词 + that”引导的结果状语从句，可以与too…to…连接的简单句进行转换。too…to…表示“太……而不能……”。故填Without trees, the earth would get too hot for people to live on.32．句意：在海滩上堆沙堡是非常有趣的! 原句中没有感叹词，可以增加感叹词进行转换。great fun很大的乐趣，名词短语，感叹词用What。感叹句运用的结构是“What+ 形容词 + 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语动词+其他!”。故填What great fun it is to build sandcastles at the beach is!33．句意：你准备好期末考试了吗 我们的班主任问学生。原句为两个简单句，可以改为主从复合句。根据句意，可知原句可以改为宾语从句。宾语从句部分需要用陈述句语序，把Have you got改成we have got；主句时态是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去的时态；因为引导的宾语从句为一般疑问句，连接词可以用if或 whether，意为“是否”。故填Our class teacher asked us if / whether we had got ready for the final exams.
愿君皆有所获，皆有所得