2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题四 考点06 形容词和副词（B卷）(有答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题四 考点06 形容词和副词（B卷）(有答案） |  | |
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2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题四 考点06 形容词和副词（B卷）
一、填空
1.Most teachers encourage personal examples because they are easier to tell and _______ (persuade) to the readers.
2.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _____(wonder).
3.Mike was too ______（frighten）to tell his family what had happened.
4.If you study in a ________ (logic) way, you won't leave anything out.
5.Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students in need of ________(finance) aid.
6.If you need __________(far) information, please contact the saleswoman directly.
7.There are ______(variety) things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.
8.The museum serves as a _________(memory) to the millions who lost their lives in the war.
9.As we grow up, we get to know many things which we would be ________(astonish) to see as kids.
10.Yet we remain ________(convince) that the hard winter cannot stop the arrival of spring and darkness can never shroud the light of dawn.
11.______(addition), you'd better practise reading till you can recite it fluently.
12.______( fortunate),no one died from the earthquake, which broke out in the remote village on Friday morning.
13.Put ______(simple), potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough.
14.The train has been racing along (steady) since it left Xining.
15.Scientists are _________(constant) developing new technologies to push the social development process forward.
16.The sensors can detect anything abnormal and _____________ (automatic) call someone to come and fix it.
17.It is________(extreme) cold today.
18.It rains ________(heavy) today than yesterday.
19.If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe _______(deep), allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.
20.As a result, I ________(total) changed my shape.
二、阅读理解
Whether you're likely to choose coffee or green tea for your morning boost could be determined by your genes, a recent study found.
To examine genetic associations with food preferences, researchers studied the genetic data and food preferences of more than 160,000 people in Japan. The research found genetic links for 13 dietary habits including consumption of alcohol, other drinks and foods, and also complex human diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
"We know that what we eat defines what we are, but we found that what we are also defines what we eat，"said Yukinori Okada, who is one of the researchers.
The researchers used data from the BioBank Japan Project, launched in 2003 with a goal to provide evidence for the implementation of personalized medicine. The project collects DNA and clinical information, including items related to participants' lifestyles such as dietary habits, which were recorded through interviews and questionnaires.
They found nine genetic locations that were associated with consuming coffee, tea, alcohol, yogurt, cheese, natto, tofu, fish, vegetables and meat. Those who ate more fish, natto, tofu and vegetables had a genetic variant that made them more sensitive to umami tastes, best described as savory or "meaty" flavors. Variants responsible for the ability to taste bitter flavors were also observed. This association was found among people who liked to eat tofu；while those without the variant consume less alcohol or none at all.
In order to find whether any of these genetic markers associated with food were also linked with disease, the researchers conducted a phenome study. The phenome involves all the possible observable traits of DNA, known as phenotypes. Six of the genetic markers associated with food were also related to at least one disease phenotype, including several types of cancer as well as type 2 diabetes.
Given all the findings that genetic differences influence not only responses to foods but preferences as well, experts think considering them can help nutritionists personalize diets to each person's needs and tastes while still hitting nutritional requirements. Thus, further research is needed, as Okada said，"By estimating individual differences in dietary habits from genetics, we can help create a healthier society."
1.How does the author begin the text
A.By providing an example. B.By offering an argument.
C.By presenting a conclusion. D.By making an assumption.
2.What can we know about the BioBank Japan Project
A.It found nine genetic locations. B.It provided data for this research.
C.It wanted to achieve personalized medicine. D.It was aimed at collecting DNA of all participants.
3.Which is TRUE about a person who eats more fish and natto
A.He consumes less alcohol. B.He is more sensitive to meaty flavor.
C.He is likely to eat more yogurt and cheese. D.His ability to taste bitter flavors will be improved.
4.What's Okada's attitude to the personalized diets
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Indifferent. D.Negative.
三、语法填空
There are many kinds of festivals and ①_____ (celebration) throughout the world, ②_____ are held for different reasons. Nowadays festivals have many origins, some ③_____ (religion), some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Different countries have different festivals. In Japan, people clean graves and light incense（香）in memory ④_____ their ancestors on Obon. In the west on Halloween, children ⑤_____ (usual) dress up and go to their neighbor's homes ⑥_____ (ask) for sweets. If the neighbors don't give them any sweets, the children might play ⑦_____ trick on them. ⑧_____ most children in China look forward to in the Spring Festival is that they can get some lucky money. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals are happy events because the food ⑨_____ (gather) for the winter and a season of agricultural work is over. Whatever festival it is, the spirit of ⑩_____ (share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：more persuasive
解析：考查比较级。句意：大多数老师鼓励举出个人例子，因为这样更容易讲，对读者更有说服力。and表并列，由前面的easier可知，空格处用比较级，即more persuasive，故填more persuasive。
2.答案：wonderful
解析：句意: 然后我们收到了官方的来信, 我们大吃一惊, 我们为她骄傲。那太棒了。根据句子结构可知, 在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语, 故填wonderful。
3.答案：frightened
解析： 句意:她太害怕了，不敢告诉家人发 生了什么事。frightened adj.感到害怕的。 be frightened to do sth.不敢做某事。
4.答案：logical
解析：句意为:如果你以一种合乎逻辑的方式学习,你就不会遗漏任何内容。设空处应为形容词作定语,修饰way,表示"合乎逻辑的",故填logical。
5.答案：financial
解析：句意为:许多中国大学为需要经济援助的学生提供奖学金。设空处作定语修饰名词aid,故填形容词financial。
6.答案：further
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知,此处应用far的比较级,表示"更进一步的,更多的,附加的",故填further。
7.答案：various
解析：考查形容词。根据空后的名词things可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词,因为所给词variety的形容词是various,故填various。
8.答案：memorial
解析：考查词形转换。根据句意可知,空处意为"纪念物",故填memorial。
9.答案：astonished
解析：考查形容词。句意:随着我们的成长,我们会了解很多小时候看到会感觉惊奇的事情。根据句意可知,此处表示"感到惊讶的",应用以-ed结尾的形容词作表语,故填astonished。
10.答案：convinced
解析：考查形容词。句意:但我们仍然坚信,寒冬阻挡不了春天的到来,黑夜遮蔽不住黎明的光。此处作remain的表语,故填形容词convinced,表示"坚信的"。
11.答案：Additionally
解析：句意:此外,你最好练习阅读,直到你能流利地背诵为止。分析可知,此处应用副词作状语, 修饰整个句子, 所填词位于句首, 首字母应大写, 故填Additionally。
12.答案：Fortunately
解析： fortunately是fortunate的副词，意为"幸运地"，在句首作状语，修饰整个句子；首字母大写，故填Fortunately
13.答案：simply
解析：简单来说，潜力是你天生的能力，这种能力在你足够努力的时候是可以被发展的。本题主要考查副词。分析句子结构，设空处所填词用于修饰动词 put，故应填入副词，put simply 为固定搭配，意为"简单来说"。故正确答案为 simply。
14.答案：steadily
解析：考查副词。句意：火车离开西宁后一直在平稳地行驶。分析句子可知，句中"has been racing along"为谓语动词，后面应用副问修饰，"steady"意为"稳定的，平稳的"，形容词词性，对应的副词为"steadily"，意为 "稳定地，平稳地"，在句中作状语。故填steadily。
15.答案：constantly
解析：考查词形转换。此处修饰动词应用所给词的副词形式,故填constantly。
16.答案：automatically
解析：考查副词。句意：传感器可以检测到任何异常，并自动呼叫他人来修复。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰动词词为 automatically"自动地"。故填 automatically
17.答案：extremely
解析： extremely核心词汇/短语：cold冷， 的翻译：今天很冷。该空修饰形容词cold，故应为副词，答案为extremely，极度地。
18.答案：more heavily
解析：考查副词的比较级。句意:今天的雨比昨天下得大。修饰动词rains 应用副词作状语,根据"than yesterday"可知,此处应用比较级。故填more heavily。
19.答案：more deeply
解析： 句意:如果你去户外锻炼,你的身体就会学会更深地呼吸,让更多的氧气到达你的肌肉和大脑。空格处修饰动词breathe,应用副词形式;结合句意和后面的even more oxygen可知,此空应用比较级,故填more deeply。
20.答案：totally
解析： 副词 totally修饰动词 changed。故填：totally。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CBBA
解析：1.推理判断题。 根据文章第一段"Whether you're likely to choose coffee or green tea for your morning boost could be determined by your genes, a recent study found.(最近的一项研究发现，你早上是选择喝咖啡还是绿茶来提神，这取决于你的基因。）"可知，文章第一段通过呈现一个研究的结论来引出话题。故选C。
2.细节理解题。 根据文章第四段"The researchers used data from the BioBank Japan Project, launched in 2003 with a goal to provide evidence for the implementation of personalized medicine.(研究人员使用了日本生物银行项目(BioBank Japan Project)的数据， 该项目于2003年启动，旨在为个性化医疗的实施提供证据。）"可知，日本生物银行项目为研究提供了数据。故选B。
3.细节理解题。 根据文章第五段"Those who ate more fish, natto, tofu and vegetables had a genetic variant that made them more sensitive to umami tastes, best described as savory or "meaty" flavors.(那些吃鱼、纳豆、豆腐和蔬菜较多的人体内有一种基因变异，使他们对鲜味（即咸味或"肉味"）更敏感。）"可知，吃鱼和纳豆较多的人对肉味更敏感。故选B。
4.推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段"Given all the findings that genetic differences influence not only responses to foods but preferences as well, experts think considering them can help nutritionists personalize diets to each person's needs and tastes while still hitting nutritional requirements. Thus, further research is needed, as Okada said, "By estimating individual differences in dietary habits from genetics, we can help create a healthier society."（鉴于所有的研究发现，基因差异不仅影响人们对食物的反应，而且还会影响人们的偏好，专家认为，考虑到这一点，营养学家可以根据每个人的需求和口味制定个性化的饮食，同时还能满足营养需求。因此，还需要进一步的研究，正如冈田克也说的那样，"通过从基因上估计个人饮食习惯的差异，我们可以帮助创建一个更健康的社会。"）"可知，基因差异不仅影响人们对食物的反应，而且还会影响人们的偏好，因此通过从基因上估计个人饮食习惯的差异，我们可以帮助创建一个更健康的社会。作者对制定个性化的饮食持支持态度。故选A。
三、语法填空
答案：①celebrations②which③religious④of⑤usually⑥to ask⑦a⑧What⑨is gathered⑩sharing
解析：①考查名词的数。句意：世界各地有许多种节日和庆祝活动，它们出于不同的原因而举行。分析句子可知，连词and前连接名词复数形式，因此后面应接名词复数形式。故填celebrations。
②考查定语从句。句意：世界各地有许多种节日和庆祝活动，它们出于不同的原因而举行。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是festivals and celebrations，在从句中做主语，因此使用关系词which引导定语从句。故填which。
③考查形容词。句意：现在的节日有很多起源，有些是宗教性的，有些是季节性的，有些是为特殊人物或事件而举办的。分析句子可知，句中存在并列成分，some seasonal中some后接形容词形式，因此空处也应使用形容词形式。故填religious。
④考查固定搭配。句意：在日本，人们在孟兰盆节扫墓，点香，以纪念他们的祖先。分析句子可知，in memory of是固定搭配意为"纪念"，符合本句语境。故填of。
⑤考查副词。句意：在西方的万圣节，孩子们通常会穿上衣服，到邻居家去要糖果。分析句子可知，这里使用副词性成分作状语修饰动词dress，符合语境。故填usually。
⑥考查动词不定式。句意：在西方的万圣节，孩子们通常会穿上衣服，到邻居家去要糖果。分析句子可知，这里使用动词不定式作目的状语，表示孩子们通常会穿上衣服，到邻居家是为了要糖果。故填to ask。
⑦考查冠词。句意：如果邻居不给他们任何糖果，孩子们可能会对他们耍花招。分析句子可知，trick是名词单数，且play a trick是固定搭配意为"耍花招"，因此这里使用不定冠词a。故填a。
⑧考查主语从句。句意：在中国，大多数孩子在春节期间期待的是，他们可以得到一些压岁钱。分析句子可知，空处所在句子在主句中作主语，因此这是一个主语从句，从句中缺少介词后的宾语，因此使用关系词what引导主语从句，位于句首首字母需大写。故填What。
⑨考查主谓一致和动词的被动语态。句意：丰收节和感恩节都是快乐的事情，因为食物被收集起来过冬，一手的农业劳动结束了。分析句子可知，前后文使用一般现在时，主语the food是单数形式，且与gather之间为被动关系，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态形式。故填is gathered。
⑩考查动名词。句意：不管是什么节日，分享快乐、感恩、爱或和平的精神都很普遍。分析句子可知，介词后接动名词形式。故填sharing.
2
一、填空
1.Most teachers encourage personal examples because they are easier to tell and _______ (persuade) to the readers.
2.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _____(wonder).
3.Mike was too ______（frighten）to tell his family what had happened.
4.If you study in a ________ (logic) way, you won't leave anything out.
5.Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students in need of ________(finance) aid.
6.If you need __________(far) information, please contact the saleswoman directly.
7.There are ______(variety) things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.
8.The museum serves as a _________(memory) to the millions who lost their lives in the war.
9.As we grow up, we get to know many things which we would be ________(astonish) to see as kids.
10.Yet we remain ________(convince) that the hard winter cannot stop the arrival of spring and darkness can never shroud the light of dawn.
11.______(addition), you'd better practise reading till you can recite it fluently.
12.______( fortunate),no one died from the earthquake, which broke out in the remote village on Friday morning.
13.Put ______(simple), potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough.
14.The train has been racing along (steady) since it left Xining.
15.Scientists are _________(constant) developing new technologies to push the social development process forward.
16.The sensors can detect anything abnormal and _____________ (automatic) call someone to come and fix it.
17.It is________(extreme) cold today.
18.It rains ________(heavy) today than yesterday.
19.If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe _______(deep), allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.
20.As a result, I ________(total) changed my shape.
二、阅读理解
Whether you're likely to choose coffee or green tea for your morning boost could be determined by your genes, a recent study found.
To examine genetic associations with food preferences, researchers studied the genetic data and food preferences of more than 160,000 people in Japan. The research found genetic links for 13 dietary habits including consumption of alcohol, other drinks and foods, and also complex human diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
"We know that what we eat defines what we are, but we found that what we are also defines what we eat，"said Yukinori Okada, who is one of the researchers.
The researchers used data from the BioBank Japan Project, launched in 2003 with a goal to provide evidence for the implementation of personalized medicine. The project collects DNA and clinical information, including items related to participants' lifestyles such as dietary habits, which were recorded through interviews and questionnaires.
They found nine genetic locations that were associated with consuming coffee, tea, alcohol, yogurt, cheese, natto, tofu, fish, vegetables and meat. Those who ate more fish, natto, tofu and vegetables had a genetic variant that made them more sensitive to umami tastes, best described as savory or "meaty" flavors. Variants responsible for the ability to taste bitter flavors were also observed. This association was found among people who liked to eat tofu；while those without the variant consume less alcohol or none at all.
In order to find whether any of these genetic markers associated with food were also linked with disease, the researchers conducted a phenome study. The phenome involves all the possible observable traits of DNA, known as phenotypes. Six of the genetic markers associated with food were also related to at least one disease phenotype, including several types of cancer as well as type 2 diabetes.
Given all the findings that genetic differences influence not only responses to foods but preferences as well, experts think considering them can help nutritionists personalize diets to each person's needs and tastes while still hitting nutritional requirements. Thus, further research is needed, as Okada said，"By estimating individual differences in dietary habits from genetics, we can help create a healthier society."
1.How does the author begin the text
A.By providing an example. B.By offering an argument.
C.By presenting a conclusion. D.By making an assumption.
2.What can we know about the BioBank Japan Project
A.It found nine genetic locations. B.It provided data for this research.
C.It wanted to achieve personalized medicine. D.It was aimed at collecting DNA of all participants.
3.Which is TRUE about a person who eats more fish and natto
A.He consumes less alcohol. B.He is more sensitive to meaty flavor.
C.He is likely to eat more yogurt and cheese. D.His ability to taste bitter flavors will be improved.
4.What's Okada's attitude to the personalized diets
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Indifferent. D.Negative.
三、语法填空
There are many kinds of festivals and ①_____ (celebration) throughout the world, ②_____ are held for different reasons. Nowadays festivals have many origins, some ③_____ (religion), some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Different countries have different festivals. In Japan, people clean graves and light incense（香）in memory ④_____ their ancestors on Obon. In the west on Halloween, children ⑤_____ (usual) dress up and go to their neighbor's homes ⑥_____ (ask) for sweets. If the neighbors don't give them any sweets, the children might play ⑦_____ trick on them. ⑧_____ most children in China look forward to in the Spring Festival is that they can get some lucky money. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals are happy events because the food ⑨_____ (gather) for the winter and a season of agricultural work is over. Whatever festival it is, the spirit of ⑩_____ (share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：more persuasive
解析：考查比较级。句意：大多数老师鼓励举出个人例子，因为这样更容易讲，对读者更有说服力。and表并列，由前面的easier可知，空格处用比较级，即more persuasive，故填more persuasive。
2.答案：wonderful
解析：句意: 然后我们收到了官方的来信, 我们大吃一惊, 我们为她骄傲。那太棒了。根据句子结构可知, 在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语, 故填wonderful。
3.答案：frightened
解析： 句意:她太害怕了，不敢告诉家人发 生了什么事。frightened adj.感到害怕的。 be frightened to do sth.不敢做某事。
4.答案：logical
解析：句意为:如果你以一种合乎逻辑的方式学习,你就不会遗漏任何内容。设空处应为形容词作定语,修饰way,表示"合乎逻辑的",故填logical。
5.答案：financial
解析：句意为:许多中国大学为需要经济援助的学生提供奖学金。设空处作定语修饰名词aid,故填形容词financial。
6.答案：further
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知,此处应用far的比较级,表示"更进一步的,更多的,附加的",故填further。
7.答案：various
解析：考查形容词。根据空后的名词things可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词,因为所给词variety的形容词是various,故填various。
8.答案：memorial
解析：考查词形转换。根据句意可知,空处意为"纪念物",故填memorial。
9.答案：astonished
解析：考查形容词。句意:随着我们的成长,我们会了解很多小时候看到会感觉惊奇的事情。根据句意可知,此处表示"感到惊讶的",应用以-ed结尾的形容词作表语,故填astonished。
10.答案：convinced
解析：考查形容词。句意:但我们仍然坚信,寒冬阻挡不了春天的到来,黑夜遮蔽不住黎明的光。此处作remain的表语,故填形容词convinced,表示"坚信的"。
11.答案：Additionally
解析：句意:此外,你最好练习阅读,直到你能流利地背诵为止。分析可知,此处应用副词作状语, 修饰整个句子, 所填词位于句首, 首字母应大写, 故填Additionally。
12.答案：Fortunately
解析： fortunately是fortunate的副词，意为"幸运地"，在句首作状语，修饰整个句子；首字母大写，故填Fortunately
13.答案：simply
解析：简单来说，潜力是你天生的能力，这种能力在你足够努力的时候是可以被发展的。本题主要考查副词。分析句子结构，设空处所填词用于修饰动词 put，故应填入副词，put simply 为固定搭配，意为"简单来说"。故正确答案为 simply。
14.答案：steadily
解析：考查副词。句意：火车离开西宁后一直在平稳地行驶。分析句子可知，句中"has been racing along"为谓语动词，后面应用副问修饰，"steady"意为"稳定的，平稳的"，形容词词性，对应的副词为"steadily"，意为 "稳定地，平稳地"，在句中作状语。故填steadily。
15.答案：constantly
解析：考查词形转换。此处修饰动词应用所给词的副词形式,故填constantly。
16.答案：automatically
解析：考查副词。句意：传感器可以检测到任何异常，并自动呼叫他人来修复。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰动词词为 automatically"自动地"。故填 automatically
17.答案：extremely
解析： extremely核心词汇/短语：cold冷， 的翻译：今天很冷。该空修饰形容词cold，故应为副词，答案为extremely，极度地。
18.答案：more heavily
解析：考查副词的比较级。句意:今天的雨比昨天下得大。修饰动词rains 应用副词作状语,根据"than yesterday"可知,此处应用比较级。故填more heavily。
19.答案：more deeply
解析： 句意:如果你去户外锻炼,你的身体就会学会更深地呼吸,让更多的氧气到达你的肌肉和大脑。空格处修饰动词breathe,应用副词形式;结合句意和后面的even more oxygen可知,此空应用比较级,故填more deeply。
20.答案：totally
解析： 副词 totally修饰动词 changed。故填：totally。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CBBA
解析：1.推理判断题。 根据文章第一段"Whether you're likely to choose coffee or green tea for your morning boost could be determined by your genes, a recent study found.(最近的一项研究发现，你早上是选择喝咖啡还是绿茶来提神，这取决于你的基因。）"可知，文章第一段通过呈现一个研究的结论来引出话题。故选C。
2.细节理解题。 根据文章第四段"The researchers used data from the BioBank Japan Project, launched in 2003 with a goal to provide evidence for the implementation of personalized medicine.(研究人员使用了日本生物银行项目(BioBank Japan Project)的数据， 该项目于2003年启动，旨在为个性化医疗的实施提供证据。）"可知，日本生物银行项目为研究提供了数据。故选B。
3.细节理解题。 根据文章第五段"Those who ate more fish, natto, tofu and vegetables had a genetic variant that made them more sensitive to umami tastes, best described as savory or "meaty" flavors.(那些吃鱼、纳豆、豆腐和蔬菜较多的人体内有一种基因变异，使他们对鲜味（即咸味或"肉味"）更敏感。）"可知，吃鱼和纳豆较多的人对肉味更敏感。故选B。
4.推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段"Given all the findings that genetic differences influence not only responses to foods but preferences as well, experts think considering them can help nutritionists personalize diets to each person's needs and tastes while still hitting nutritional requirements. Thus, further research is needed, as Okada said, "By estimating individual differences in dietary habits from genetics, we can help create a healthier society."（鉴于所有的研究发现，基因差异不仅影响人们对食物的反应，而且还会影响人们的偏好，专家认为，考虑到这一点，营养学家可以根据每个人的需求和口味制定个性化的饮食，同时还能满足营养需求。因此，还需要进一步的研究，正如冈田克也说的那样，"通过从基因上估计个人饮食习惯的差异，我们可以帮助创建一个更健康的社会。"）"可知，基因差异不仅影响人们对食物的反应，而且还会影响人们的偏好，因此通过从基因上估计个人饮食习惯的差异，我们可以帮助创建一个更健康的社会。作者对制定个性化的饮食持支持态度。故选A。
三、语法填空
答案：①celebrations②which③religious④of⑤usually⑥to ask⑦a⑧What⑨is gathered⑩sharing
解析：①考查名词的数。句意：世界各地有许多种节日和庆祝活动，它们出于不同的原因而举行。分析句子可知，连词and前连接名词复数形式，因此后面应接名词复数形式。故填celebrations。
②考查定语从句。句意：世界各地有许多种节日和庆祝活动，它们出于不同的原因而举行。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是festivals and celebrations，在从句中做主语，因此使用关系词which引导定语从句。故填which。
③考查形容词。句意：现在的节日有很多起源，有些是宗教性的，有些是季节性的，有些是为特殊人物或事件而举办的。分析句子可知，句中存在并列成分，some seasonal中some后接形容词形式，因此空处也应使用形容词形式。故填religious。
④考查固定搭配。句意：在日本，人们在孟兰盆节扫墓，点香，以纪念他们的祖先。分析句子可知，in memory of是固定搭配意为"纪念"，符合本句语境。故填of。
⑤考查副词。句意：在西方的万圣节，孩子们通常会穿上衣服，到邻居家去要糖果。分析句子可知，这里使用副词性成分作状语修饰动词dress，符合语境。故填usually。
⑥考查动词不定式。句意：在西方的万圣节，孩子们通常会穿上衣服，到邻居家去要糖果。分析句子可知，这里使用动词不定式作目的状语，表示孩子们通常会穿上衣服，到邻居家是为了要糖果。故填to ask。
⑦考查冠词。句意：如果邻居不给他们任何糖果，孩子们可能会对他们耍花招。分析句子可知，trick是名词单数，且play a trick是固定搭配意为"耍花招"，因此这里使用不定冠词a。故填a。
⑧考查主语从句。句意：在中国，大多数孩子在春节期间期待的是，他们可以得到一些压岁钱。分析句子可知，空处所在句子在主句中作主语，因此这是一个主语从句，从句中缺少介词后的宾语，因此使用关系词what引导主语从句，位于句首首字母需大写。故填What。
⑨考查主谓一致和动词的被动语态。句意：丰收节和感恩节都是快乐的事情，因为食物被收集起来过冬，一手的农业劳动结束了。分析句子可知，前后文使用一般现在时，主语the food是单数形式，且与gather之间为被动关系，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态形式。故填is gathered。
⑩考查动名词。句意：不管是什么节日，分享快乐、感恩、爱或和平的精神都很普遍。分析句子可知，介词后接动名词形式。故填sharing.
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