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第 8 页 共 8 页
Unit 4 单元加餐练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When policy experts debate climate change solutions, they often talk about “a price on carbon”. They are arguing about whether companies should pay when they put carbon pollution in the air. But here's the secret that most people seem to be missing: There already is a price on carbon, and it's paid by the taxpayers.
Carbon pollution, like every other form of pollution, has an impact on the environment. Throwing waste into a river will cause the fish to die and the people who drink the water to get sick. And when you produce carbon pollution, you get climate change — sea level rise, stronger storms, severe droughts, damage to agriculture, and more.
All of those impacts cost money. Insurance rates go up when storms get more destructive. Taxes increase when cities have to rebuild bridges and roads. Military budgets go up when droughts and population changes cause conflicts. Not to mention impacts on agriculture and health care costs.
In other words, the price on carbon is what we all pay when there is no market force to limit the pollution that causes climate change. So the debate is really about who will pay that price — the companies who are making a profit from the fossil fuels, or the taxpayers who pick up the cost now.
Right now, we have private profit and public cost. It's just like if we allowed every business to throw its garbage in the street because it's too expensive to have it moved away properly. Does it add a little bit to your dinner check to require that restaurants throw away their trash properly Sure. But it would be more expensive for you if the city had to clean the streets of their garbage every day. So just like we put a “price on garbage” we need a “price on carbon pollution”. Now, a “price on carbon pollution” can mean a lot of things.
You could tax companies based on the amount of carbon pollution they produce, and return the money to taxpayers. You could put a limit on how much they can produce, thereby requiring them to invest in ways to conduct business in a less polluting way.
1．What do the policy experts argue about carbon pollution
A．Whether taxpayers could get profit from it.
B．Whether the companies should pay for it.
C．Who have the ability to change it.
D．How much should be paid for it.
2．What's the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Some other forms of pollution.
B．The effects of carbon pollution.
C．The signs of carbon pollution.
D．The way to reduce carbon pollution.
3．The author referred to restaurants in the passage mainly to ________.
A．prove every business doesn't perform its duty
B．warn readers to protect the environment around
C．explain the damage of no policy on carbon pollution
D．show some restaurants throw away their trash randomly
4．According to the passage, what does the “price on carbon pollution” mean
A．Telling the taxpayers to refuse to pay taxes on carbon pollution.
B．Making the government invest to reduce carbon pollution.
C．Increasing prices of the products from companies.
D．Taxing companies on carbon pollution they produce.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly __1__ Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.
Clean the toilet with Coke. It's amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. __2__ You'll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water wash the toilet!
Remove water stains with orange peels. You've just eaten an orange. __3__ Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub (擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.
Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. __4__ Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap. Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again.
__5__ Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and non toxic (无毒的) Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.
A．Wait a minute!
B．Make your own glass cleaner.
C．Follow the steps given below.
D．Of course your answer is “yes”．
E．They leave no marks or scratches.
F．Instead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.
G．They are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Conservationists are breeding (饲养) lions in the Southern African nation of Zimbabwe. The wildlife experts hope to increase the lion population to keep the great cats from __1__.
In some areas, lions and human beings are __2__ control of land. Researchers believe something must be done quickly to __3__ the animals.
The African Lion and Environmental Research Trust (ALERT) has more than 100 __4__ in its breeding program. Antelope Park Farm is one of two sites ALERT operates in Zimbabwe.
Gary Jones heads the Antelope Park Farm. He says ALERT has become involved __5__ a sharp drop in the number of lions. His group believes this has been __6__ mainly by humans. There are more people moving to this area every year. The lions have __7__ land on which to live.
Gary Jones says the decrease in the lion population affects the whole __8__. He adds that other African nations are also seeing the __9__ effects of this.
There are countries, __10__ in central and north Africa, where the lion population has reached a(n) __11__ level. Burundi, a country of east central Africa, for instance, does not have lions in its national parks. It __12__ wants to have lions reintroduced back into its national parks. The reason is that when you take the lion out of the equation (平衡), suddenly you get all __13__ things start happening with the balance of __14__. For example, you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras.
The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization says __15__ animals are threatened when farmers try to __16__ their plants or animals.
Rene Czudek works for the UN agency. He says his organization has __17__ a human wildlife tool kit (成套工具) that some countries are using to reduce __18__ between humans and wildlife. “In fact, the tool kit is a kind of instrument that extension workers can use with the __19__ — explain to them how wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how they should __20__ their fields accordingly，” Mr. Czudek said.
1．A.disappearing B．attacking
C．changing D．arriving
2．A.waiting for B．cheering for
C．competing for D．looking for
3．A.train B．observe
C．catch D．save
4．A.giraffes B．lions
C．zebras D．antelopes
5．A.instead of B．because of
C．in place of D．in spite of
6．A.known B．studied
C．caused D．prevented
7．A.less B．worse
C．more D．better
8．A.environment B．background
C．industry D．position
9．A.immediate B．possible
C．magical D．disastrous
10．A.usually B．finally
C．gradually D．particularly
11．A.acceptable B．worrying
C．reasonable D．necessary
12．A.frequently B．simply
C．naturally D．desperately
13．A.small B．similar
C．strange D．ideal
14．A.nature B．body
C．power D．trade
15．A.live B．wild
C．large D．trapped
16．A.protect B．move
C．use D．improve
17．A.put up with B．caught up with
C．come up with D．kept up with
18．A.pressure B．distance
C．speed D．conflict
19．A.farmers B．workers
C．gardeners D．experts
20．A.clear B．water
C．find D．plan
Ⅳ.语法填空
Global warming refers to the fact that the Earth's atmosphere is warming near __1__ (it) surface — in other words, it's getting hotter. Some scientists say it is human activity __2__ has caused global warming. However, there are other theories as well.
One popular theory relates to the “greenhouse effect”. Gases that make up the atmosphere are similar to __3__ greenhouse because they allow sunlight __4__ (pass) through, and then trap much of the heat from __5__(escape). This naturally occurring phenomenon, __6__ is called greenhouse warming, keeps the earth's surface __7__ (warm) than it would be.
While scientists agree that human produced compounds (化合物) like carbon dioxide and others are being released into the atmosphere, some argue it's not clear how this results __8__ the changes in temperature.
Global warming can __9__ (great) affect human life on many levels. Scientists have made great __10__ (contribute) to finding out how long the earth has been warming, at what rate it is warming, and what factors are causing it. These answers may better prepare people to handle its effects.
Ⅴ.应用文写作
学校将出一期以“保护环境，创建和谐社会”为主题的墙报，请你就如何处理垃圾来保护环境写一篇80词左右的宣传稿件，稿件应包括以下内容：
1．城市垃圾的危害；
2．城市垃圾的处理方法：分类，回收利用，有害垃圾填埋，污水处理；
3．制定措施防止污染。
参考词汇：和谐社会 a harmonious societyPAGE
第 8 页 共 8 页
Unit 4 单元加餐练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
When policy experts debate climate change solutions, they often talk about “a price on carbon”. They are arguing about whether companies should pay when they put carbon pollution in the air. But here's the secret that most people seem to be missing: There already is a price on carbon, and it's paid by the taxpayers.
Carbon pollution, like every other form of pollution, has an impact on the environment. Throwing waste into a river will cause the fish to die and the people who drink the water to get sick. And when you produce carbon pollution, you get climate change — sea level rise, stronger storms, severe droughts, damage to agriculture, and more.
All of those impacts cost money. Insurance rates go up when storms get more destructive. Taxes increase when cities have to rebuild bridges and roads. Military budgets go up when droughts and population changes cause conflicts. Not to mention impacts on agriculture and health care costs.
In other words, the price on carbon is what we all pay when there is no market force to limit the pollution that causes climate change. So the debate is really about who will pay that price — the companies who are making a profit from the fossil fuels, or the taxpayers who pick up the cost now.
Right now, we have private profit and public cost. It's just like if we allowed every business to throw its garbage in the street because it's too expensive to have it moved away properly. Does it add a little bit to your dinner check to require that restaurants throw away their trash properly Sure. But it would be more expensive for you if the city had to clean the streets of their garbage every day. So just like we put a “price on garbage” we need a “price on carbon pollution”. Now, a “price on carbon pollution” can mean a lot of things.
You could tax companies based on the amount of carbon pollution they produce, and return the money to taxpayers. You could put a limit on how much they can produce, thereby requiring them to invest in ways to conduct business in a less polluting way.
语篇解读：谁该为碳污染买单？是企业还是纳税者？实际上纳税者已经在为碳污染买单，这似乎是人们忽视了的一个秘密。政策专家希望公司为碳污染买单。
1．What do the policy experts argue about carbon pollution
A．Whether taxpayers could get profit from it.
B．Whether the companies should pay for it.
C．Who have the ability to change it.
D．How much should be paid for it.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They are arguing about whether companies should pay”可知，政策专家讨论的是公司是否应为碳污染买单。
2．What's the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．Some other forms of pollution.
B．The effects of carbon pollution.
C．The signs of carbon pollution.
D．The way to reduce carbon pollution.
解析：选B 段落大意题。第二段第一句“Carbon pollution, like every other form of pollution, has an impact on the environment”为该段的主题句，所以该段主要讲碳污染的影响。
3．The author referred to restaurants in the passage mainly to ________.
A．prove every business doesn't perform its duty
B．warn readers to protect the environment around
C．explain the damage of no policy on carbon pollution
D．show some restaurants throw away their trash randomly
解析：选C 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“So just like we put a ‘price on garbage’ we need a ‘price on carbon pollution’”可知，作者谈及饭店是为了说明没有有效政策来约束碳污染的危害。
4．According to the passage, what does the “price on carbon pollution” mean
A．Telling the taxpayers to refuse to pay taxes on carbon pollution.
B．Making the government invest to reduce carbon pollution.
C．Increasing prices of the products from companies.
D．Taxing companies on carbon pollution they produce.
解析：选D 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，作者建议向排放碳的公司征税，故D项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly __1__ Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.
Clean the toilet with Coke. It's amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. __2__ You'll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water wash the toilet!
Remove water stains with orange peels. You've just eaten an orange. __3__ Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub (擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.
Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. __4__ Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap. Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again.
__5__ Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and non toxic (无毒的) Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.
A．Wait a minute!
B．Make your own glass cleaner.
C．Follow the steps given below.
D．Of course your answer is “yes”．
E．They leave no marks or scratches.
F．Instead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.
G．They are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无须购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。
1．选C 根据空前的“Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？”和空后的“Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products”以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。
2．选F 本段讲的是用可乐清洁厕所，故F项“不是喝掉可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。
3．选A 根据下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。
4．选E 根据上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，不会留下污痕或划痕。所以选E。
5．选B 根据下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and non toxic (无毒的) ...”“Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Conservationists are breeding (饲养) lions in the Southern African nation of Zimbabwe. The wildlife experts hope to increase the lion population to keep the great cats from __1__.
In some areas, lions and human beings are __2__ control of land. Researchers believe something must be done quickly to __3__ the animals.
The African Lion and Environmental Research Trust (ALERT) has more than 100 __4__ in its breeding program. Antelope Park Farm is one of two sites ALERT operates in Zimbabwe.
Gary Jones heads the Antelope Park Farm. He says ALERT has become involved __5__ a sharp drop in the number of lions. His group believes this has been __6__ mainly by humans. There are more people moving to this area every year. The lions have __7__ land on which to live.
Gary Jones says the decrease in the lion population affects the whole __8__. He adds that other African nations are also seeing the __9__ effects of this.
There are countries, __10__ in central and north Africa, where the lion population has reached a(n) __11__ level. Burundi, a country of east central Africa, for instance, does not have lions in its national parks. It __12__ wants to have lions reintroduced back into its national parks. The reason is that when you take the lion out of the equation (平衡), suddenly you get all __13__ things start happening with the balance of __14__. For example, you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras.
The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization says __15__ animals are threatened when farmers try to __16__ their plants or animals.
Rene Czudek works for the UN agency. He says his organization has __17__ a human wildlife tool kit (成套工具) that some countries are using to reduce __18__ between humans and wildlife. “In fact, the tool kit is a kind of instrument that extension workers can use with the __19__ — explain to them how wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how they should __20__ their fields accordingly，” Mr. Czudek said.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。生态保护者设法保护非洲的狮子。
1．A.disappearing B．attacking
C．changing D．arriving
解析：选A 由上文的“increase the lion population”可推断，野生动物保护专家希望增加狮子的数量以防止狮子“消失(disappearing)”。
2．A.waiting for B．cheering for
C．competing for D．looking for
解析：选C 在一些地方，狮子和人类正在“竞争(competing for)”对土地的控制。
3．A.train B．observe
C．catch D．save
解析：选D 由第四段中的“a sharp drop in the number of lions”可推断，研究人员认为必须尽快采取措施“拯救(save)”狮子。
4．A.giraffes B．lions
C．zebras D．antelopes
解析：选B 由文章开头的“breeding (饲养) lions”可知答案。
5．A.instead of B．because of
C．in place of D．in spite of
解析：选B 由于狮子数量骤减，所以ALERT要保护它们。故选because of。
6．A.known B．studied
C．caused D．prevented
解析：选C 由下文的“There are more people moving to this area every year”可推断，狮子数量减少主要是人类“造成(caused)”的。
7．A.less B．worse
C．more D．better
解析：选A 由上文的“There are more people moving to this area every year”可推断，狮子赖以生存的土地减少了。故选less。
8．A.environment B．background
C．industry D．position
解析：选A 由下段末的“you get too many prey (猎物)species, like giraffes and zebras”可推断，狮子数量减少影响整个“自然环境(environment)”。
9．A.immediate B．possible
C．magical D．disastrous
解析：选D 由下段可知，其他非洲国家也看到了狮子数量减少所带来的“灾难性的(disastrous)”影响。
10．A.usually B．finally
C．gradually D．particularly
解析：选D 参见下题解析。
11．A.acceptable B．worrying
C．reasonable D．necessary
解析：选B 在一些国家，“尤其(particularly)”是位于非洲中部和北部的国家，狮子数量已经达到了“令人担忧的(worrying)”地步。
12．A.frequently B．simply
C．naturally D．desperately
解析：选D 布隆迪“极度(desperately)”想将狮子再次引入到国家公园。
13．A.small B．similar
C．strange D．ideal
解析：选C 由下文的“you get too many prey (猎物)species, like giraffes and zebras”可知，没有狮子会导致一系列“奇怪的(strange)”事情发生。
14．A.nature B．body
C．power D．trade
解析：选A 由下文所举的猎物增多的例子可推断，此处是说“自然生态平衡”。故选nature。
15．A.live B．wild
C．large D．trapped
解析：选B 由下文的“when farmers try to ________ their plants or animals”可推断，此处是说“野生的(wild)”动物受到威胁。
16．A.protect B．move
C．use D．improve
解析：选A 农民设法“保护(protect)”他们的植物或动物。
17．A.put up with B．caught up with
C．come up with D．kept up with
解析：选C Rene Czudek所在的组织已经“创造出(come up with)”一套缓解人类和野生生物冲突的工具。
18．A.pressure B．distance
C．speed D．conflict
解析：选D 由下文的“explain to them how wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how ...”可知，这套工具可以用来缓解人类和野生生物之间的“冲突(conflict)”。
19．A.farmers B．workers
C．gardeners D．experts
解析：选A 由下文可知，这套工具是供推广人员向“农民(farmers)”宣传有关环保知识时使用的。
20．A.clear B．water
C．find D．plan
解析：选D 上文多次提到狮子(或野生生物)和人类争夺土地，因此，要缓解二者之间的冲突就需要教育农民如何规划他们的土地。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Global warming refers to the fact that the Earth's atmosphere is warming near __1__ (it) surface — in other words, it's getting hotter. Some scientists say it is human activity __2__ has caused global warming. However, there are other theories as well.
One popular theory relates to the “greenhouse effect”. Gases that make up the atmosphere are similar to __3__ greenhouse because they allow sunlight __4__ (pass) through, and then trap much of the heat from __5__(escape). This naturally occurring phenomenon, __6__ is called greenhouse warming, keeps the earth's surface __7__ (warm) than it would be.
While scientists agree that human produced compounds (化合物) like carbon dioxide and others are being released into the atmosphere, some argue it's not clear how this results __8__ the changes in temperature.
Global warming can __9__ (great) affect human life on many levels. Scientists have made great __10__ (contribute) to finding out how long the earth has been warming, at what rate it is warming, and what factors are causing it. These answers may better prepare people to handle its effects.
语篇解读：全球气候变暖对人们的生活有很大的影响。而造成全球变暖的原因主要是人类活动。
1．its 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处修饰surface，表示“它的”，故填its。
2．that 考查强调句。say后的从句是强调句，被强调部分为human activity，故填that。
3．a 考查不定冠词。greenhouse是可数名词，且在此表示泛指，故填a。
4．to pass 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。allow sb./sth. to do sth.意为“允许某人或某物做某事”。
5．escaping 考查动词 ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作from的宾语，且heat与escape之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填escaping。
6．which 考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
7．warmer 考查形容词比较级。由设空处后的than可知，此处应用比较级，故填warmer。
8．in 考查介词。result in意为“导致”。
9．greatly 考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰affect，故填greatly。
10．contributions 考查名词。make great contributions to (doing) sth.意为“为……做出巨大贡献”。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
学校将出一期以“保护环境，创建和谐社会”为主题的墙报，请你就如何处理垃圾来保护环境写一篇80词左右的宣传稿件，稿件应包括以下内容：
1．城市垃圾的危害；
2．城市垃圾的处理方法：分类，回收利用，有害垃圾填埋，污水处理；
3．制定措施防止污染。
参考词汇：和谐社会 a harmonious society
参考范文：
With the improvement of people's living conditions, more and more rubbish is produced especially in cities. Too much rubbish will pollute our environment and do harm to our health. So it is important to deal with it properly.
Here are some ways to deal with rubbish. Sort out different kinds and put in different dustbins. Some can be recycled, while harmful rubbish should be buried under the ground. Waste water should be cleaned and used again.
In addition, we should make laws to prevent people throwing rubbish everywhere. Only in this way can we protect our environment and build a harmonious society.
