(共57张PPT)
八大时态
什么是时态？时态：动作的时间+动作的状态时间：状态：现在将来过去完成进行一般过去将来完成进行
CONTENTS
一般现在时
1
simple present tense
现在进行时
4
past progressive tense
一般过去时
2
simple past tense
过去进行时
5
present perfect tense
一般将来时
3
simple future tense
过去将来时
6
past perfect tense
现在完成时
7
8
过去完成时
present progressive tense
past future tense
1
simple present tense
一般现在时
一般现在时simple present tense一、一般用法：1.含义：表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。2.构成形式：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它主语+行为动词+其它一般现在时simple present tense主语第一、二人称第三人称原形第三人称单数形式动词how 3.动词第三人称单数变化规则：一般直接加s以x, s, sh, ch，o结尾, +es以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加es以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加s，have-has与名词+s进行区分一般现在时simple present tense4.时间标志词频度副词：always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>neverevery+时间: every day, every week, every month, every yearon+星期复数: on weekends, on Saturdays...几次：once a week, twice a month...一般现在时simple present tense5.句型转换肯定句：①主语+am/is/are动词+其他;②主语+动词(原形)+其他③主语(三单)+动词(三单)+其他;否定句: ①主语+am/is/are+not+其他;②主语+don't动词(原形)+其他③主语(三单)+doesnt+动原do,does是照妖镜，动词遇见就还原一般现在时simple present tense一般疑问句：①Am/is/are+主语+其他②Do+主语+动词(原形)+其他③Does+主语+动词(原形)+其他do,does是照妖镜，动词遇见就还原一般现在时simple present tense二、特殊用法1.一般现在时可以表示客观事实或普遍真理。
2.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。一般现在时simple present tenseExercise 1
1. The geography teacher told us that the earth _________(move) around the sun.
2. Water________ (boil) at 100 ℃.
3. Don’t try to run before you __________ (begin) to walk.
4. I’ll go with you if I ____________(finish) my work.movesboilsbeginfinish
2
simple past tense
一般过去时
一般过去时simple past tense1.含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况；表示过去习惯性动作2.构成形式：主语+was/were+其它主语+行为动词过去式+其它一般过去时simple past tense原形过去式how 3.动词过去式规则变化①一般在动词后直接加ed。如:climbed，worked，asked等。②以e结尾的动词在后面直接加d。如:lived，described，agreed等。③以辅音字母+y结尾的，先把y变为i再加ed。如:cry-cried， copy-copied，以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed。如 enjoy-enjoyed，play-played等。④以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，则先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。不规则变化表p119-120一般过去时simple past tense4.时间标志词yesterday，the day before yesterdaylast+时间: last day, last week, last month, last year时间+ago: two days ago, two weeks ago...in+过去的年份：in 1990...when+过去发生的动作just now口诀:昨天上个n久前，in+过年when字连一般过去时simple past tense5.句型转换肯定句：①主语+was/were动词+其他;②主语+动词(过去式)+其他否定句: ①主语+was/were+not+其他;②主语+didn’t动词(原形)+其他did也是照妖镜，动词遇见就还原一般过去时simple past tense一般疑问句：①Was/were+主语+其他②Did+主语+动词(原形)+其他did也是照妖镜，动词遇见也还原一般现在时simple present tenseExercise 21. Nancy is not coming tonight. But she____________(promise)!2. My uncle_______________ (marry) until he was forty-five.3.You’re late again.—Sorry. I _____ to set my alarm clock.A．forget B．will forgetC．forgot D．would forgetpromisedbegan
3
simple future tense
一般将来时
一般将来时simple future tense1.含义：表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或情况2.表现形式：1）.will do2）.be going to doThey will go to Shanghai for their holiday.表示从现在看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态① 表示（主观上）决定或打算要做某事。I’m going to buy a new coat this winter.②表示有迹象即将要发生什么事。Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.一般将来时simple future tense3）. be to do表示按计划、安排、规定要做的事The train is to leave in five minutes.4）.be about to do表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。We are about to discuss this problem.5）.某些动词，可用进行时态(be doing)表将来,如come, go, arrive, leave，die等。She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.一般将来时simple future tense3.时间标志词tomorrow，the day after tomorrownext +时间，next dayafter+时间点：after 3 o’clockin+将来的年份：in 1990...soon一般将来时simple future tense4.句型转换否定句: ①主语+will+not+动原+其他;②主语+be not+going to/ to/ about to +动词原形+其他一般疑问句：①Will+主语+动原+其他②Be+主语+going to/ to/ about to +动词原形+其他一般将来时simple present tenseExercise 31. We______________________(meet)at the school gate at noon.2. Look at these clouds. It ___________________(rain).3. Charlie —— here next month.A. isn’t working B. doesn’t workingC. isn’t going to working D. won’t workwill meet/are going to meetis going to rian
4
present progressive tense
现在进行时
现在进行时present progressive tense1.含义：说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2.基本结构：主+ be(is/am/are)+现在分词（doing）+其他3.动词原形ing规则变化①一般在动词后直接加ing②以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加ing③以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，则先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing，x和w结尾的除外。④以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再加ing现在进行时present progressive tense4.时间标志词now, at the momentthese days, this week, this month, this termlook! listen!现在进行时present progressive tense5.句型转换否定句: ①主语+is/am/are+not+doing+其他;一般疑问句：①Is/am/are+主语+doing+其他 ——Yes,主语+is/am/are——No,主语+is/am/are not.现在进行时present progressive tense1. My brother(make) a kite in his room now.2. Look! The bus(stop).3. Where is your mother She(answer) the phone.4. The teachers(run) now.5. Look! They(have) an English lesson .6.They(not ,water) the flowers now.is makingis stoppingis answeringａｒｅｈａｖｉｎｇare runningare not watering
5
past progressive tense
过去进行时
过去进行时pastprogressive tense1.含义：过去某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态2.基本结构：主+was/were+现在分词（doing）+其他过去某时刻过去某时间段at 6:30 yesterdayfrom 8 to 9 last night过去进行时pastprogressive tense3.时间标志词at +时刻+过去时间from ...to...+过去时间when引导的一般过去时的句子at that time主句（过去进行时）+when+一般现在时主句（过去进行时/一般过去时）+while+过去进行时过去进行时pastprogressive tense4.句型转换否定句: ①主语+was/were+not+doing+其他;一般疑问句：①Was/were+主语+doing+其他 ——Yes,主语+was/were.——No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.过去进行时pastprogressive tense1. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.A. triesB. triedC. was tryingD. will try2. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.A. was watching, was hearingB. watched, was hearingC. watched, heardD. was watching, heard3. They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.A. were watchingB. watchC. watchedD. are watching4. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon A. did, read, was seeingB. did, read, sawC. were, reading, sawD. were, reading, was seeing
6
present perfect tense
现在完成时
现在完成时 present perfect tense1.含义：1）表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还会持续到将来）。2.) 一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生影响。2.基本结构：主+have/has+过去分词（done）+其他助动词，无实义现在完成时 present perfect tense3.过去分词的规则变化一般直接加ed。如:climbed，worked，asked等。以e结尾的动词在后面直接加d。如:lived，described，agreed等。以辅音字母+y结尾的，先把y变为i再加ed。如:cry-cried， copy-copied，以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，则先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。不规则变化表p119-1204. 时间标志词
just（刚才），ever（曾经），already(已经)，yet（已经），for，since(自从)，
到目前为止：so far，till now，up to now
最近：recently
仍然，还：still
在过去的......里：in the last/past+时间
否定句或疑问句
用于肯定句
现在完成时 present perfect tense
+时间段
+时间点
现在完成时 present perfect tense5.句型转换否定句: ①主语+have/has+not+done+其他;一般疑问句：①Have/has+主语+done+其他 ——Yes,主语+have/has.——No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.现在完成时 &一般过去时
相同点：
区别:
1. 这两中时态中的动作都发生在过去。
2. 倘若这个动词的过去式是加ed构成，那么这个动词的过去分词和过去式相同。
1. 现完：“已经做”
一过：“做了”
2. 一般过去时：只陈述做了什么，陈述的东西和目前状况没有太大影响，；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,到现在为止这个动作可能结束也可能继续下去。它不与表示过去的时间状语连用.
现在完成时 &一般过去时
eg.
1. I washed the plate. & I have washed the plate.
2. I saw the film yesterday.& I have seen the flim.
3. I taught here for eight years. &4. I have taught here for eight years.
4. I leanrt English for six years. & I have learnt English for six years.
7
past perfect tense
过去完成时
过去完成时 pastperfect tense1.含义：过去完成时是一种相对时态，表示“过去的过去”句中一般有一般过去时态作参照。2.基本结构：主+had+过去分词（done）+其他助动词，无实义3. 时间标志词
过去完成时 past perfect tense
By+过去的时间点
By the end of+过去的时间点
Before+过去的时间点
By the time 主语+过去式
4. 特殊句式
It /This/That was the first…time + that 从句 (had done)中
翻译： 昨天我到(arrive at)食堂（dining room）的时候，虾（shrimp）已经被吃完了。
过去完成时 pastperfect tense4.句型转换否定句: ①主语+had+not+done+其他;一般疑问句：①Had+主语+done+其他 ——Yes,主语+had.——No,主语+hadn’t.
8
past future tense
过去将来时
过去将来时
过去将来时 past future tense
过去和将来？
过去的将来？
的
一般将来时
will do
would do
过去将来时past futuretense1.含义：表示从过去某一时刻看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，“过去的将来”。2.表达方式①would+ do.I said on Thursday Iwouldsee my friend the next day.②was/weregoing to doHe said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.③was/wereto doShe said she was to clean the classroom after school.过去将来时past futuretense④was/wereabout to do
I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.
⑤was/weredoing
I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes.八大时态的被动语态兔子（the rabbit）吃胡萝卜（carrots）。主、被动语态中英对比——以一般现在时为例主动：被动：中：兔子吃胡萝卜。英：Rabbits eat carrots。中：胡萝卜被兔子吃。胡萝卜为兔子所吃。英：Carrots are eaten by rabbits.被动语态的构成：主语（动作承受者）+be done+(by +动作发出者)主动语态的构成：主语（动作发出者）+do/does +动作承受者八大时态的被动语态时态主动形式被动形式一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时八大时态的被动语态时态主动形式被动形式一般现在时do/doesis/am/are done一般过去时didwas/were done一般将来时will dowill bedone过去将来时would dowould be done八大时态的被动语态时态主动形式被动形式现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时八大时态的被动语态时态主动形式被动形式现在进行时is/am/are doingis/am/are being done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done现在完成时have/has donehave/has beendone过去完成时had donehad been done
Bye-bye！八大时态练习（附答案）
1.He sometimes _____________ (stay up) late into the night.
2.In my opinion，eating too much junk food everyday ________(do) harm to our health.
3.I __________(lend) him my bike if he _______________(take) good care of it.
4.It ____________(be) the custom to decorate the room before Christmas.
5.We were playing cards when Mr. Black __________________(come in).
6.The boy _____________( not steal) the bike because he was playing basketball at that time.
7.A great fire ___________(break out) in the building last night. Someone _____________(call) the fire station, but when the firefighters (arrive), the fire had already been put off.
8.My father ________________(not walk) the dog yesterday because the dog (be) ill.
9.We _____________(attend) an important meeting in Guangzhou this weekend.
10.There ___________(be) a birthday party tomorrow.
11.Don’t be worried. I _______________(help) you.
12.He is so seriously ill and he _____________(die).
13.He is fifty-six. In two years he ______________(be) fifty-eight.
14.She said that she ________________(return) in 2 days.
15.He said that it _______________(be) possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.
16.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ____________(leave) office soon．
17.Our manager _______________(write) a report in the office now.
18.The headmaster ________________(leave) China for Austria next Monday..
19.The girl _______________(always, talk) loud in public.
20.They ______________(build) a new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month.
21.E-mail, as well as telephones, _________________(play) an important part in daily communication.
22.Because the shop _____________(close) down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
23.Look! It ____(rain) hard. We'll get wet if we go out.
24.They _____________(take) physical exercise at seven this morning.
25.She _________________(telephone) a friend when I came in.
26. he ____________(play) computer games at nine last night
27.I _______________(never, see) a robot before.
28.She _____________(collect) over 500 Chinese stamps since she came to China last year.
29.They _____________(marry) for 50 years.
30.I ________________(not, hear) from Tom so far.
31.It is/has been four years since he ____________(go) abroad to further his studies.
32.I wonder why Jenny _______________(not write) to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
33.After he ______________(leave) the room, the boss came in.
34.We _______________(arrive) home before it snowed.
35.By the end of last year, we ________________(produce) 20,000 cars.
36.The train _______________(leave) before we reached the station.
37.He said his first teacher ________________(die) at least 10 years before.
38. We no sooner ________________(get) on than the bus started.
39.Einstein ______________(learn)advanced maths by the time he was 14.
40.The film _____________(be) on for 10 minutes when I got to the cinema.
Answers: 1. stays up 2.does 3. will lend, takes 4. is 5. came 6. didn’t steal 7. broke out, called, arrived 8. didn't walk, was 9. will attend 10.will be 11.will help 12. is dying 13. will be 14. would return 15. would be 16. would leave 17. is writing 18. is leaving 19. is always talking 20. are building 21. is playing 22. is closing 23. is raining 24. were taking 25. was telephoning 26. was playing 27. have never seen 28. has collected 29. have been married 30. haven’t heard 31. went 32. hasn’t written 33. had left 34. had arrived 35. had produced 36. had left 37.had died 38. had got, had… got 39. had learned 40. had been on
