专练03 备战2023年高考——英语语法填空之高考真题专练（8篇）【原卷版】（一）
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) __1__ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side __2__ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __3__ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt __4__ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As __5__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even __6__ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food __7__ (be) full of fat and salt; by __8__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be __9__ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, __10__ is not good for the health.
（二）
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ____1___(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ____2__ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot____3__it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ____4___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ____5___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ____6___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it ___7____ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _____8____ (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how____9___ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____10____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
（三）
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __1__ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _2__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is __3__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __4___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water__5__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) run-off. This switch has decreased ___6__(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __7__(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___8__ (start) a soil-testing program ___9__ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___10__(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
（四）
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ___1__ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and___2__ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ___3__ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over ___4___top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ____5___(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___6__ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using ___7___ every day.
Later, engineers___8___ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the ___9___(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most ___10___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
（五）
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ____1__ (rest). Instead, she is earning 6, 500 a day as ___2__ model in New York.
Sarah ___3___ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, ___4___has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ___5___ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her ___6___ (educate).
She has turned down several___7___ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ___8___engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ____9___(come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is ___10___ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.”
（六）
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ___1__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might___2___(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ___3__ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ___4___(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, ___5__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ___6__ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ___7___ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C., influenced the ___8___ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ___9___(be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ___10___ their hands.
（七）
There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___1__ (have) to worry about fashion (时尚). Everybody wears ___2___same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ____3___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or____4___(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ____5__ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___6___this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___7___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ____8__ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ____9___ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___10___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
（八）
A
Helen was walking down the street late___1___the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her.Fearful that he might have an intention____2___(harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man____3___(catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly____4____(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine____5____smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____6____(have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for____7___(they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____8__ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____9___ (bad). The use of those plastics ____10___ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.专练03 备战2023年高考——英语语法填空之高考真题专练（8篇）【解析版】（一）
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) __1__ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side __2__ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __3__ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt __4__ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As __5__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even __6__ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food __7__ (be) full of fat and salt; by __8__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be __9__ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, __10__ is not good for the health.
【答案详解】
1. as 考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。此处as是介词，表示“作为，以……身份”。故答案为as。
2. effects 考查名词单复数。句意：这一趋势最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法而开始的，但却产生了一些意想不到的副作用，如超重和心脏病——这正是医学界试图对抗的东西。分析语境可知，作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多，所以这里应该用名词复数。故答案为effects。
3. to process 考查不定式。句意：它们需要处理我们所吃的食物，从受伤中恢复和其他一些身体功能。动词 require表示“要求”， require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”，所给词process是动词，表示“加工，处理”。故答案为to process。
4. are removed考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：当食物中去除了脂肪和盐，食物吃起来就好像少了什么东西。该句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般现在时，分析从句可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉的，所以从句用一般现在时的被动语态，且when从句中主语是fat and salt，是复数形式，被动语态中的be动词要用复数are。故答案为are removed。
5. a考查冠词。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。故答案为a。
6. worse考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。even/a lot/a little/much/far/still/slightly等用在比较级前加强语气，此处even用在bad前，所以bad要用其比较级形式worse。故答案为worse。
7. is考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。这里在描述一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时，且fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数形式。故答案为is。
8. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该用动名词作介词的宾语，所给动词eat的动名词形式是eating。故答案为eating。
9. careful考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语，此处care的形容词是careful。故答案为careful。
10. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。此处是前面的整个句子作先行词，后面的非限制性定语从句由关系代词which引导。故答案为which。
【高考热点】
result（名词），意为“结果”，是可数名词/As a result，...，意为“结果”/as a result of，意为“由于”；result（动词），意为“产生，导致”/result from，意为“起因于”/result in，意为“导致，结果是”。
常用的不可数名词有：news/information/equipment/food等。不可数名词作主语，后面的谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。例如：The news_____（be）very exciting.（这则新闻是非常令人兴奋的。）句中news是不可数名词，后面的谓语动词用单数is。
（二）
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ____1___(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ____2__ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot____3__it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ____4___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ____5___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ____6___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it ___7____ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _____8____ (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how____9___ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____10____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案详解】
1.touched 考查一般过去时。句意：无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器(探测器)——这个名字的灵感来自于上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆的中国古代月亮女神。该空是谓语动词，根据时间状语last week 可知，句子用一般过去时。故答案为 touched。
2.extremely 考查副词。句意：在月球背面着陆是极具挑战性的。句中challenging是形容词，由副词修饰，所给词extreme是形容词，其副词是extremely。故答案为extremely。
3.where 考查定语从句。句意：由于月球的表面阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必须在月球上方的轨道上发射一颗卫星，在那里它可以向探测器和地球发送信号。该空所填词引导定语从句，空前的 spot是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以定语从句由关系副词where引导。故答案为where。
4.interest 考查名词。句意：科学家们对月球背面特别感兴趣，因为它有很多深坑，比我们熟悉的近地面更多。固定搭配：be of +名词=be +形容词；分析句子结构，介词of后面应该用名词，且空前的particular是形容词，修饰名词，所给词是形容词interesting，其名词是interest。故答案为interest。
5.than 考查连词。句意：科学家们对月球背面特别感兴趣，因为它有很多深坑，比我们熟悉的近地面更多。根据空前的more，可知这里是在进行比较，该空要用表示“比”的连词than。故答案为than。
6. to find 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器来寻找和研究南极艾特肯盆地的区域。句中 hope 是谓语动词，所以该空所给动词是非谓语动词，是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to find。
7. means 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：因为这意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何形成的信息。这里在描述目前的情况，是一种客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时，且主语是单数第三人称形式it，所以谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故答案为means。
8.is constructed 考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：因为这意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何形成的信息。这里在描述一中客观事实，且how引导的宾语从句的主语the moon和谓语动词 construct之间是被动关系，是一般现在时的被动语态，句子主语the moon是第三人称单数形式。故答案为is constructed。
9.much 考查much的用法。句意：有关月球成分的数据，比如月球上有多少冰和其他宝藏，可以帮助中国决定未来在月球上建立基地的计划是否可行。ice是不可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，how much ice意为“多少冰”。故答案为much。
10.its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：有关月球成分的数据，比如月球上有多少冰和其他宝藏，可以帮助中国决定未来在月球上建立基地的计划是否可行。空后的plans 是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰，it的形容词性物主代词是its。故答案为its。
【高考热点】
动词不定式作目的状语是高考的常考点。
固定搭配：be of +名词=be +形容词
be of value=be valuable；be of importance=be important；be of benefit=be beneficial；be of use=be useful；be of help=be helpful
3.be familiar with sb.，意为“熟悉某人”；be familiar with sth.，意为“精通某事”；be familiar to sb.，意为“为某人所熟悉”。
（三）
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __1__ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _2__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is __3__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __4___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water__5__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) run-off. This switch has decreased ___6__(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __7__(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___8__ (start) a soil-testing program ___9__ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___10__(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案详解】
has grown 考查现在完成时。句意：自2011年以来，该国种植的玉米超过了水稻。句中since 2011“自从2011年以来”和现在完成时连用，且the country是句子主语，单数第三人称形式，所以谓语动词要用动词的第三人称单数形式。故答案为has grown。
the 考查定冠词。句意：在过去25年里，玉米产量增长了近125%，而大米产量仅增长了7%。固定搭配：over past 25 years“在最近的25年里”，此处用定冠词the表示“特指”。故答案为the。
actually 考查副词。句意：这种变化的背后其实是对肉类的喜好:玉米的一个重要作用是被用来喂养鸡、猪和牛。此处是副词修饰整个句子，所给词actual是形容词，其副词形式是actually。故答案为actually。
to improve 考查非谓语动词。句意：政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻，以改善水质。句中encourages 是谓语动词，所给词improve是非谓语动词，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to improve。
than 考查连词。句意：玉米消耗的水比水稻少，产生的肥料也少。空前的less是比较级，此处是玉米与水稻在进行比较，所以用表比较的连词than连接。故答案为than。
pollution 考查不可数名词。句意：这一转变减少了该国主要湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。句中has decreased是谓语部分，后面用名词作宾语，所给词pollute是动词，其名词是pollution，且是不可数名词。故答案为pollution。
global 考查形容词。句意：根据世界银行的数据，中国约占全球化肥消费总量的30%。空后fertilizer consumption是名词，形容词修饰名词，所给词globe是名词，其形容词是global。故答案为global。
started 考查一般过去时。句意：中国农业部发现，在2005年——政府启动了一个土壤测试项目，向农民提供具体的肥料建议——和2011年之间，化肥使用量减少了770万吨。根据文中between 2005可知，句子在描述过去发生的事情，所以句子用一般过去时。故答案为started。
that或者which 考查定语从句引导词。句意：中国农业部发现，在2005年——政府启动了一个土壤测试项目，向农民提供具体的肥料建议——和2011年之间，化肥使用量减少了770万吨。空前program是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，此处由关系代词that或者which引导定语从句。故答案为that或者which。
feeding 考查现在分词作时间状语。句意：中国在保护环境的同时养活国民的做法“为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定者提供了有益的教训”。while doing sth.意为“在做某事期间”，while引导的时间状语从句省略了相同的主语和be动词，此处是现在分词作时间状语。故答案为feeding。
【高考热点】
while（连词）“尽管”相当于though/although，引导让步状语从句。例如：While he is a 7-year-old boy，he often helps his mother with housework.（尽管他是一个七岁的男孩，但是他经常帮助他的妈妈做家务。）
grow可以作连系动词，意思是“渐渐变得”，后跟形容词作表语。例如：The boy is growing taller.（这个男孩正渐渐长高。）
account for 的意思是“对......负有责任，说明......的原因，占......比例”。
（四）
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ___1__ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and___2__ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ___3__ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over ___4___top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ____5___(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___6__ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using ___7___ every day.
Later, engineers___8___ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the ___9___(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most ___10___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【答案详解】
1.crowds考查名词。句意：它全长不到7公里，让人们在上下班途中避开了上面道路上可怕的人群。句中crowd是名词，意为“人群”，道路是拥挤的“人群”，所以要用crowd的复数形式crowds。故答案为crowds。
2.from考查固定短语。句意：它全长不到7公里，让人们在上下班途中避开了上面道路上可怕的人群。固定搭配：to and from意为“从某地来回”。故答案为from。
3.laying考查非谓语动词。句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道，然后在顶部建造一个坚固的屋顶。分析句子可知digging，building与lay是include并列的宾语，include后面用动名词作宾语，所以此处用动词lay“安放，放置，铺设，下蛋”的动名词形式。故答案为laying。
4.the考查冠词。句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道，然后在顶部建造一个坚固的屋顶。本句是介绍地铁的建筑方法，最后封顶，此处“特指”地铁的顶部，所以用定冠词the。故答案为the。
5.were used考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：人们用蒸汽机来拉动车厢，烟雾和噪音对乘客来说肯定很不舒服。句子主语是steam engines，复数形式，和谓语动词use之间是被动关系，且指过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其中谓语部分的be动词用were。故答案为were used。
6.fairly考查副词。句意：人们用蒸汽机来拉动车厢，烟雾和噪音对乘客来说肯定很不舒服。句中unpleasant是形容词，由副词修饰，fair是形容词，其副词是fairly，在句中作状语修饰形容词unpleasant。故答案为fairly。
7.it考查代词。句意：然而，这条铁路很快就大获成功，不到6个月，每天使用这条铁路的人数就超过了2.5万人。该空指的是“改进的这个地铁，每天超过25，000 的人们都用的地铁”，这里是同类同物，所以用it指代the railway。故答案为it。
8.managed考查时态。句意：后来，工程师们设法在深隧道系统中修建铁路。根据Later，可知这里在描述过去发生的事情；且后文which became known as the tube用的是一般过去时，根据前后时态一致的原则此处也要用一般过去时。故答案为managed。
9.introduction考查名词。句意：只有引入电力引擎和电梯，才有可能实现这一发展。分析句子结构with the ____ of，可知，the用在名词前面，of意为“......的”，是所属关系，前面用名词，由此断定该空应该用名词，introduce 的名词形式是introduction“引进，采用”。故答案为introduction。
10.successful考查形容词。句意：伦敦中心铁路是这些新线路中最成功的一条，于1900年开通。most后跟形容词组成形容词的最高级，success是名词，其形容词是successful，最高级most successful 是“最成功的”。故答案为successful。
【高考热点】
manage（动词）“管理，控制”/manage to do sth.“成功做成某事”/manage a simile“勉强地笑了一下”——manager“经理”——management“管理”。
success（名词）“成功”/a success“一个成功的人，一件成功的事”——successful（形容词）“成功的”/be successful in doing sth.“成功做某事”——successfully（副词）“成功地”——succeed（动词）“成功”/succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”。
（五）
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ____1__ (rest). Instead, she is earning 6, 500 a day as ___2__ model in New York.
Sarah ___3___ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, ___4___has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ___5___ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her ___6___ (educate).
She has turned down several___7___ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ___8___engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ____9___(come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is ___10___ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.”
【答案详解】
1.resting 考查非谓语动词。句意：但和她的同学们不同的是，16岁的莎拉并没有在期中休息。固定搭配：spend…on sth./(in) doing sth，意为“花……在某事或做某事上”，其中in可以省略；所给词rest是动词，意为“休息，安息”。故答案为resting。
2.a 考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约做模特，每天挣6500英镑。根据语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的“一个”，此处是泛指，且model是以辅音音素开头的词，所以其前面用不定冠词a表示“一”。故答案为a。
3.has been told/was told。考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：萨拉被告知/被告知她可以成为英国的新超模，在明年赚100万美元。动词tell后接双宾语tell sb. sth.“告诉某人某事”，由此可判断该空用被动语态；再根据空后that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词could be，可知这里在描述已经发生的事情，也就是“萨拉已经被告诉”，所以此处要用现在完成时的被动语态或一般过去时的被动语态；句子主语是Sarah，第三人称单数形式，谓语动词也要用动词的单数第三人称形式。故答案为has been told/was told。
4.who 考查定语从句。句意：但是莎拉，曾经和顶级模特一起参加过时装秀，她想要证明自己不仅美丽，而且有智慧。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句，从句缺少关系词，也缺少主语；此处逗号前的Sarah是先行词，指人，在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词who符合语境。故答案为who。
5.to prove 考查动词不定式。句意：但是莎拉，曾经和顶级模特一起参加过时装秀，她想要证明自己不仅美丽，而且有智慧。固定搭配：want to do sth.“想要做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语。故答案为to prove。
6.education 考查名词。句意：她决心继续她的教育。空前面是形容词性物主代词her，形容词性物主代词修饰名词；所给词educate是动词，其名词是education，且是不可数名词，无复数形式。故答案为education。
7.invitations 考查名词复数。句意：为了专心学习，她已经拒绝了几次演出邀请。空前的several意为“几个，数个”，修饰可数名词复数，所给词invitation是可数名词，其复数是invitations。故答案为invitations。
8.in 考查介词。句意：毕业后，她计划花一年时间做全职模特，然后再上大学攻读工程学或建筑学学位。固定搭配：get a degree in，意为“在……方面获得学位”。故答案为in。
9.comes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：但现在，学业是第一位的。根据句中at the moment“目前，现在”，可知这里在描述目前的一个客观事实，句子应用一般现在时，且句子主语是school，第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词要用动词的单数第三人称形式。故答案为comes。
10.certainly 考查副词。句意：这当然很有趣，但生活方式有点不真实。此处是副词修饰整个句子，所给词certain是形容词，其副词是certainly。故答案为certainly。
【高考热点】
various（形容词）“各种各样的”+名词复数——variety（名词）“种类”/a variety of“各种各样的”/varieties of“各种各样的”+名词复数。
the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越......，越......”。
pack（动词）“打包，包装”；track（名词）“小道，踪迹，足迹”/（动词）“跟踪”。
mean（动词）“意味着”/（形容词）“吝啬的，小气的”。
detail（名词）“细节”/（动词）“详细说明”/in detail“详细地，具体地”。5.violence（名词）“暴力”——violent（形容词）“暴力的”——violently（副词）“暴力地”。
generous（形容词）“慷慨的”——generosity（名词）“慷慨”——generously（副词）“康凯地”。
（六）
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ___1__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might___2___(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ___3__ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ___4___(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, ___5__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ___6__ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ___7___ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C., influenced the ___8___ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ___9___(be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ___10___ their hands.
【答案详解】
1.and 考查并列连词。句意：在亚洲的大部分地区，特别是在中国、日本、韩国和越南等所谓的“饭碗”文化中，人们通常用筷子吃饭。这里列举了一些亚洲国家的名字，是并列关系，在最后一个和倒数第二个之间用and来连接。故答案为and。
2.be made 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：真正优雅的筷子可能是用刻有汉字的金银制成的。固定搭配：be made of“由…制成”；情态动词+动词原形，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，情态动词might已给出。故答案为be made。
3.to create 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了创造出特殊设计的筷子，熟练工人还将各种硬木和金属结合起来。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to create。
4.using 考查现在分词。句意：人们可能在大锅里煮食物，用小树枝把食物取出来。句中cooked是谓语动词，所以use是非谓语动词，且句子主语people和动词use之间是主动关系，是现在分词作方式状语。故答案为using。
5.as/when 考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样煮得更快。此处是连词as “随着”，或连词when“当......时候”引导的时间状语从句。故答案为as/when。
6.gradually 考查副词的用法。句意：小块的食物可以很容易地用小树枝吃，小树枝逐渐变成了筷子。副词用来修饰形容词、动词或者其他副词，空后面turned into是动词短语，由副词修饰，所给词gradual是形容词，其副词是gradually。故答案为gradually。
7.who 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：有些人认为伟大的中国学者孔子(大约生活在公元前551年到479年)对筷子的发展起到了作用。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，指人，定语从句缺少引导词，也缺少主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以这里是who引导的非限制性定语从句。故答案为who。
8.development 考查名词。句意：有些人认为伟大的中国学者孔子(大约生活在公元前551年到479年)对筷子的发展起到了作用。固定搭配：the+名词+of，意为“…...的…...”，这里指“筷子的发展”；所给词develop是动词，其名词是development。故答案为development。
9.were 考查一般过去时态和主谓一致。句意：孔子认为刀会使人想起杀戮，在餐桌上使用太过暴力。句中believed后跟一个宾语从句，在从句中and连接了两个并列的谓语动词，这里在描述过去发生的事情，再根据时态一致的原则，这里应该用一般过去时；宾语从句的主语是 knives ，是复数形式，所给be动词的过去式要用were。故答案为were。
10.with 考查介词的用法。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法--用手拿。固定搭配：“with+表示具体工具的名词”，表示“用……工具”。故答案为with。
【高考热点】
comprehension（名词）“理解力”；enthusiastic（形容词）“热情的”；count（动词）“计数，关键，重要”；break（动词）“打破，弄坏”/（名词）“课间，休息”。
let in“让......进来，嵌入”；break in“闯入”；take part in“参加，参与”。
embarrassed（形容词）“感到尴尬的”/embarrassing（形容词）“令人尴尬的”。4.permit（动词）“许可”——permission（名词）“许可”——permit doing sth.“允许做某事”——permit sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”——be permitted to do sth.“被允许做某事”。
5.beat（动词）“敲，击，跳动，打败”/（名词）“敲，击”。
6.physical（形容词）“身体的，物理的”——mental（形容词）“精神上的”。7.spare（动词）“抽出，拿出”/（形容词）“空闲的，业余的，备用的”/spare no effort“不遗余力，不惜一切”。4.all the time始终，一直。
（七）
There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___1__ (have) to worry about fashion (时尚). Everybody wears ___2___same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ____3___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or____4___(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ____5__ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___6___this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___7___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ____8__ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ____9___ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___10___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【答案详解】
1.has/will have 考查一般现在时或一般将来时。句意：当学校里的每个学生都穿校服时，没有人需要担心时尚。这里是when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般现在时，则从句用一般将来时；此处在说一个目前的客观事实，所以主句也可以用一般现在时。故答案为has/will have。
2.the 考查定冠词the。句意：每个人都穿同样款式的衣服。same前面用定冠词the和它搭配，表示“相同的……”。故答案为the。
3.that/which 考查定语从句。句意：在夹克的边沿，有一块能够在黑暗中发光的布。此处cloth 作先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少引导词，也缺少主语，所以这里是关系代词that/which引导的限制性定语从句。故答案为that/which。
4.cycling 考查现在分词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑自行车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到他们。此处是when引导的时间状语从句，从句时态是现在进行时，根据连接词or，可知cycle与walking并列。故答案为cycling。
5.easily 考查副词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑自行车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到他们。空后see是动词，由副词修饰，所给词easy是形容词，其副词是easily。故答案为easily。
6.to 考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案还不清楚。固定搭配：the answer to this question，意思是“这个问题的答案”，其中to是介词，意思是“……的”。故答案为to。
7.improved 考查一般过去时。句意：美国的一项研究发现，学校引进校服后，学生的成绩有了一点提高。该句是复合句，含that引导的宾语从句，found是主句谓语动词，且这里在描述过去的一个事实，所以从句也用一般过去时。故答案为improved。
8.to wear 考查动词不定式。句意：但是有些学生不想穿校服。固定搭配：want to do sth.“想做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语。故答案为to wear。
9.connection（s） 考查名词。句意：其他美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有关系。no修饰名词，其后的可数名词可用单数或复数，所给词connect是动词，其名词形式是connection。故答案为connection（s）。
10.traditional 考查形容词作表语。句意：校服在英国是一种传统，但一些学校正开始废除校服。be动词后面用形容词作表语，所给词tradition是名词，其形容词是traditional。故答案为traditional。
【高考热点】
1.update（动词）“更新”；figure（名词）“数字，身材，人物”/（动词）“理解，计算”；teen（名词）“青少年时期”/（形容词）“青少年的，十几岁的”。
2. medicine（名词）“药”——medical（形容词）“医学的”。
3.put up“提供，建造，举起，张贴，供给......住宿”。
4.definite（形容词）“明确的，确定的”——definitely（副词）“明确地，确定地”；
5.similar（形容词）“相似的”——similarity（名词）“相似”；extreme（形容词）“极度的，极端的”——extremely（副词）“极度地，极端地”。
（八）
A
Helen was walking down the street late___1___the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her.Fearful that he might have an intention____2___(harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man____3___(catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案详解】
1.in 考查介词。句意：海伦在深夜走在街上，怀里抱着购物袋。在英语中表达“在上午、下午、晚上”用介词in。故答案为in。
2.to harm 考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦害怕他可能有伤害她的意图，就开始跑。名词intention后面用动词不定式作后置定语，an intention to do sth.意为“做某事的意图”。故答案为to harm。
3.caught 考查一般过去时。句意：最后，那个男人追上了她，他只是想还她的钱包!该句在描述过去发生的事请，并列连词and连接两个表示过去的并列句，所以设空处用一般过去时。故答案为caught。
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly____4____(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine____5____smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____6____(have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案详解】
4.supported 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：一种越来越受到专家支持的理论认为，气味偏好是后天习得的。句中suggests是谓语动词，后面是that引导的宾语从句，所以设空处是非谓语动词，且句子主语One theory和动词support之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故答案为supported。
5.whether 考查连词。句意：很容易解释我们如何判断气味是否危险:我们学习。固定搭配：whether...or not“是......或不是”，动词determine后面是whether引导的宾语从句。故答案为whether。
6.has 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：这里在描述一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时，且Gas 是句子主语，不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为has。
C
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for____7___(they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____8__ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____9___ (bad). The use of those plastics ____10___ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
【答案详解】
7.themselves考查反身代词。句意：由于人们不能总是在外面吃饭或自己做饭，他们会叫外卖或叫外卖。此处指“为自己”做饭，介词for后面用they的反身代词作宾语。故答案为themselves。
8.which 考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数只适合一次性使用。介词后面指人用whom，指物用which引导定语从句；此逗号前cups, bottles, and bags是先行词，指物，所以此处是most of which引导的非限制性定语从句。故答案为which。
9.worse 考查比较级。句意：这是一个大问题，而且越来越严重。句中get是连系动词，后面用形容词作表语，且even修饰比较级加强语气，所以设空处用bad的比较级worse。故答案为worse。
10. has increased 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：自2019年以来，这些塑料的使用量增加了300%。“since+过去时间”表示“自从......以来”，和现在完成时连用；根据since 2019可知，设空处用现在完成时，且The use是句子主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为has increased。
【高考热点】
harm（名词）“损害，伤害”/do sb. harm=do harm to sb.“对某人造成伤害”；do sb. damage=do damage to sb.“对某人造成损害”；do sb. good=do good to sb.“对......有益”/be harmful to sb.“对......造成伤害”。
deliver（动词）“投递”——delivery（名词）“递送”；recover（动词）“恢复”——recovery（名词）“恢复”——discover（动词）“发现”——discovery（名词）“发现”。
equal（形容词）“平等的”——equally（副词）“平等地”——equality（名词）“平等”/be equal to“相等，合适”。
