Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
Section B Discovering Useful Structures
一、词汇练习
n.灯笼;提灯 ________
n.服装;戏装 ________
3. n.典礼;仪式 ________
4. n.一系列;范围 v.包括;(在一定范围内)变化 ________
5. n.人物;数字;身材 v.认为;认定 ________
6. n.魅力 ________
7. n.收获季节;收获 v.收割 ________
8. v.聚集;集合 ________
9. v.以…为特色 n.特色;特征 _________
10. n.(基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂 ________
11. v.逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱 ________
12.adj.邪恶的;罪恶的 n.罪恶;恶行 ________
13. n.媒介;手段;方法 adj.中等的;中号的 ________
二、语法指南
动词-ing形式作定语和表语
动词ing形式分为________和________两类。动名词兼有动词和名词的特征和作用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语;现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。
1.动词-ing形式作定语
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语,但有所区别。
a.动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途,相当于名词+for +doing sth.
Eg: No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room(the room for reading).
谁都不准在阅览室里大声说话。
b.现在分词作定语时,它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系,表示所修饰词正在进行的动作相当于一个________。
Eg: The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
=The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
c.过去分词、现在分词以及不定式作定语时的区别
语法 形式 关系
过去分词作定语 ________ 表示被动、完成
现在分词作定语 ________ 表示主动、动作正在进行
________ 表示被动、动作正在进行
不定式作定语 ________ 表示主动、动作将要发生
________ 表示被动、动作将要发生
2.动词ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
a.现在分词作表语,往往具有形容词的性质说明主语的性质、特征等。
The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
He remained standing beside the table.
他依然站在桌旁.
b.动名词作表语多说明主语的内容,表示笼统的、抽象的概念。主语和表语可以换位。
Her job is teaching you English.
=Teaching you English is her job.
她的工作是教你们英语。
c.与________事实相反:一般过去时(be动词用were)
d.与________事实相反:过去完成时(had done)
e.与________事实相反:过去将来时(would/could/might do)
考情分析:
动词ing形式作定语和表语是高考语法中的重点,常常出现在阅读理解的长难句中,是语法填空的高频考点,也是打造书面表达中亮点句子的基础。
在2017年高考课标全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D篇中应用了现在分词短语作后置定语:
For many older people,particularly those living alone or in the country…
语法点睛:
1.许多现在分词是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:
moving、 interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing等。这类分词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物,可在句中作表语或定语。
例:
The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted for television, would be a hit.
导演完全相信,这个感人的故事如果被改编成电视剧,将会大受欢迎。
We all have the opinion that the basketball match was encouraging.
我们都有这个看法,就是这场篮球比赛很鼓舞人心。
2、不定式和过去分词也可作表语,但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作,过去分词则表示被动、完成的含义。
例:
Her hobby is painting.
她的爱好是画画。(抽象的、习惯性的动作)
His wish is to become an artist.
他的愿望是成为一名艺术家。(将要发生的动作)
The cup was broken.
茶杯被打碎了。(被动、已完成的动作)
二、同步练习
1.There was a terrible noise ______ (follow) the sudden burst of light.
2.The news that they announced was so _________(surprise) that many couldn't believe it.
3.The boy ____________(ride) a bike before me is my son.
4.Those ____________(sit) on the bench at the end of the classroom are some students' parents.
5.Climbing mountains was ___________(tire),so we all felt worn out.
6.The manager walked into the room to attend the meeting __________(hold) then.
7.The man ___________(talk) to my mother is my uncle.
8.The stranger ___________(stand) in front of my house caught my attention.
9.Her job is ____________(keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible.
10.The problem that he raised at the meeting was quite ___________(surprise).
答案以及解析
1.答案:following
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意:在突然的一道闪光后,有一个可怕的声音。设空处与被修饰词noise之间为主动关系,故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
2.答案:surprising
3.答案:riding
4.答案:sitting
5.答案:tiring
6.答案:being held
7.答案:talking
8.答案:standing
9.答案:keeping
10.答案:surprising