人教版（2019）选修二Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 知识点精析课件(共27张PPT)
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(共27张PPT)
Unit1 Science and Scientists
Reading and Thinking 知识点精析
重点单词
Part I 课文语法填空
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
Cholera used to be one of the most _______(fear) diseases in the world. Until a British doctor John Snow showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. in the early 19th century ______ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died ______ the disease. As a young doctor John Snow became _________ (frustrat) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire__________ (destroy ) cholera once and for all.
feared
when
from
frustrated
to destroy
重点单词
Part I 课文语法填空
In general doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was_____ bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an ________(infect) from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. ____________ (consequent), when an outbreak at cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe _____more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Snow began by ________(mark) on a map the exact places _______ all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 3738, and 40). However some households (such as 20 and 21 Bread Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Streets)
that
infection
Consequently
that
marking
where
重点单词
Part I 课文语法填空
had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. snow suspected that the water pump was _________(blame). what is more,In another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad street. it seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it ___________(deliver) to her house every day,_____ a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs, Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump ________ (remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention,The disease was stopped in its tracks.
As
removed
to blame
delivered
重点单词
Part I 课文语法填空
The _____(true) was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera _____ the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames _________ was polluted by raw waste The people who drank this water were much more likely ______ get cholera than those ______drank pure or _______(boil) water.
Though Snow's _______(tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world ______(see) a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. _________(fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. _____this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
and
truth
that/which
to get
who
boiled
tireless
saw
Fortunately
For
1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.
直到英国医生约翰·斯诺证明了霍乱能够被战胜之前，它一直是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。
※画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式，若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
※倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。
※强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)We’ll stay here until it stops raining.
(2)He the office his boss came back.
(3)Yesterday，I waited for you at the bus station 4 o’clock in the afternoon.
(4)Not until he saw his mother， the little boy .(5)It was not until the result of the exam was announced he realized he had organized time badly.
didn’t leave
until
until
did
smile
that
Part II 课文知识要点精析
2.In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。
1
in time及时；终于；迟早
in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。
in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth. 或to do sth. 。
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)You will succeed in time as long as you don’t give up.
只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。
(2)The doctor came in time (save) his life.
医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。
(3)Lucky for him，he was just in time the bus.
幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。
to save
for
Part II 课文知识要点精析
time相关短语
①from time to time 有时；偶尔
②at a time 每次
③in no time 立刻；马上
④at the same time 同时
⑤at one time 一度；从前
⑥at no time 绝不(置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装语序)
Part II 课文知识要点精析
?attend vt.出席；参加 vt.& vi.照顾；护理 vi.处理
attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听报告/上学
attend to sb. /sth. 照料……；处理……；招待……
attend (on/upon) sb. 伺候某人，照顾某人
(4)On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore.
(5)She was praised for having attended (on/upon)/to her sick mother.
(6)I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to
.
Part II 课文知识要点精析
attend to
3.Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二个理论。
?subscribe to同意；赞成；捐助；订阅(杂志或报纸)
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中subscribe to的汉语意思
(1)He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.
__________
(2)This is the school your father subscribed to generously in the past. ____
(3)Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to several magazines recently. ____
赞成；同意
捐助
订阅
Part II 课文知识要点精析
subscribe...to...把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上
(4)It is reported that many people have subscribed money the education fund.
to
Part II 课文知识要点精析
4.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
?suspect vt.怀疑；认为 n.被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人
suspect that...怀疑……；觉得……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb. to be...怀疑某人是……
(1)She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten，eight，and six—had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn’t.
(2)Judging from what he said I suspect him to be a pickpocket.
＝Judging from what he said I suspect .
(3)What made you suspect her having taken the money
that he is a pickpocket
of
Part II 课文知识要点精析
?blame vt.责备；谴责 n.过失；责备
※be to blame (for sth. )(对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth. on sb. /sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
※put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
(4)Some social app companies were to blame because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.一些开发社交应用程序的公司应该负责任，因为他们对用户的注册信息审核不够严格。
(5)Many children are afraid of being blamed making mistakes in speaking English.
许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。
(6) (blame) by his teacher，the boy was in low spirits.
被老师责备后，这个男孩心情低落。
for
Blamed
Part II 课文知识要点精析
[一句多译]
(7)很多人发现早上起床很难，并把这归咎于闹钟。
①Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and .(blame v.)
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and .(blame n.)
blame it on the
alarm clock
put/lay the blame
on the alarm clock
Part II 课文知识要点精析
4.Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他把水泵的手柄去掉使它不能再被使用。
?handle n.柄，把手；柄状物；把柄 v.触摸；操作；处理
(1)I turned the handle and found the door was open.
我转动把手，发现门是开着的。
(2)I’m old enough (handle) my own affairs.我已经长大了，可以处理我自己的事情。
to handle
Part II 课文知识要点精析
5.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.此外，斯诺后来证明了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。
?link vt.& n.连接；联系
link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
link up with与……联合；使与……衔接
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)I’ve decided to block all the information from a friend，who constantly shares links to various health tips.我决定屏蔽一个朋友的所有信息，他总是不停地分享各种保健小贴士的链接。
(2)The police found that these fingerprints linked the suspect the case.
警方发现这些指纹把犯罪嫌疑人与案件联系起来。
(3)They went on to the next town，where they the other
party.他们继续赶路到了下一个城镇，在那里他们与另一个队伍会合。
to
linked up with
Part II 课文知识要点精析
6.Through Snow’s tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.经过斯诺不懈的努力，自来水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅度减少。
?decrease vi.& vt.减少；(使)变小或变少 n.减少；降低
※decrease to...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
※on the decrease正在减少
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
(2)The number of new students in this school 2,100 to 1,600 this year.
(3)Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is _____
.
decreased from
on the
decrease
Part II 课文知识要点精析
7.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了怎样防治霍乱。
?thanks to幸亏，由于
※其他表示原因的短语还有：because of，on account of，as a result of，常作状语，一般不作表语，常可置于句首或句末。due to，owing to因为；由于，在句中作状语或表语。
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)Thanks to your timely help，I managed to finish the work on time.
(2) the bad weather，the match has been cancelled.
(3)I think my long and active life must be the healthy life I live.
Thanks to/Because of/Due to/Owing to
due to/owing to
8.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.而且，斯诺在使用地图和数据的过程中改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
?transform vt.&vi.转化；转换；改造；变换
※transform...into...使……变成……
transform into转化成；改造为
be transformed from...into...由……变成……
※transformation n.转化；转换；改造；变换
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)There’s no doubt that success and wealth transformed his character.
毫无疑问，成功和财富改变了他的性格。
(2)He a controversial figure，which affected his reputation a great deal.
他变成了一个有争议的人物，这对他的名声影响很大。
(3)Every moment of every day，energy is being transformed one form another.
一天当中的每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。
was transformed into
from
into
Part II 课文知识要点精析
9.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。
※where是关系副词，引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词places，定语从句all those who died had lived缺少一个地点状语。
※where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定转换成适当的“介词＋which”的形式。
※表示抽象地点的名词(case，scene，situation，condition，race，life，point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic where they had a happy time.
(2)They borrowed materials from the hospital they’d trained as nursing assistants.
(3)In the middle of the sitting room，there is a table where (＝ ) many dishes are placed.
(4)They are now in a situation they need to make a practical plan.
where
on which
where
返 回
Part II 课文知识要点精析
Thanks
Thank you
Unit1 Science and Scientists
Reading and Thinking 知识点精析
重点单词
Part I 课文语法填空
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
Cholera used to be one of the most _______(fear) diseases in the world. Until a British doctor John Snow showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. in the early 19th century ______ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died ______ the disease. As a young doctor John Snow became _________ (frustrat) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire__________ (destroy ) cholera once and for all.
feared
when
from
frustrated
to destroy
重点单词
Part I 课文语法填空
In general doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was_____ bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an ________(infect) from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. ____________ (consequent), when an outbreak at cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe _____more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Snow began by ________(mark) on a map the exact places _______ all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 3738, and 40). However some households (such as 20 and 21 Bread Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Streets)
that
infection
Consequently
that
marking
where
重点单词
Part I 课文语法填空
had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. snow suspected that the water pump was _________(blame). what is more,In another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad street. it seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it ___________(deliver) to her house every day,_____ a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs, Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump ________ (remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention,The disease was stopped in its tracks.
As
removed
to blame
delivered
重点单词
Part I 课文语法填空
The _____(true) was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera _____ the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames _________ was polluted by raw waste The people who drank this water were much more likely ______ get cholera than those ______drank pure or _______(boil) water.
Though Snow's _______(tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world ______(see) a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. _________(fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. _____this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
and
truth
that/which
to get
who
boiled
tireless
saw
Fortunately
For
1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.
直到英国医生约翰·斯诺证明了霍乱能够被战胜之前，它一直是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。
※画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式，若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
※倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。
※强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)We’ll stay here until it stops raining.
(2)He the office his boss came back.
(3)Yesterday，I waited for you at the bus station 4 o’clock in the afternoon.
(4)Not until he saw his mother， the little boy .(5)It was not until the result of the exam was announced he realized he had organized time badly.
didn’t leave
until
until
did
smile
that
Part II 课文知识要点精析
2.In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。
1
in time及时；终于；迟早
in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。
in time作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth. 或to do sth. 。
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)You will succeed in time as long as you don’t give up.
只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。
(2)The doctor came in time (save) his life.
医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。
(3)Lucky for him，he was just in time the bus.
幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。
to save
for
Part II 课文知识要点精析
time相关短语
①from time to time 有时；偶尔
②at a time 每次
③in no time 立刻；马上
④at the same time 同时
⑤at one time 一度；从前
⑥at no time 绝不(置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装语序)
Part II 课文知识要点精析
?attend vt.出席；参加 vt.& vi.照顾；护理 vi.处理
attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听报告/上学
attend to sb. /sth. 照料……；处理……；招待……
attend (on/upon) sb. 伺候某人，照顾某人
(4)On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore.
(5)She was praised for having attended (on/upon)/to her sick mother.
(6)I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to
.
Part II 课文知识要点精析
attend to
3.Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二个理论。
?subscribe to同意；赞成；捐助；订阅(杂志或报纸)
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中subscribe to的汉语意思
(1)He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.
__________
(2)This is the school your father subscribed to generously in the past. ____
(3)Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to several magazines recently. ____
赞成；同意
捐助
订阅
Part II 课文知识要点精析
subscribe...to...把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上
(4)It is reported that many people have subscribed money the education fund.
to
Part II 课文知识要点精析
4.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
?suspect vt.怀疑；认为 n.被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人
suspect that...怀疑……；觉得……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb. to be...怀疑某人是……
(1)She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten，eight，and six—had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn’t.
(2)Judging from what he said I suspect him to be a pickpocket.
＝Judging from what he said I suspect .
(3)What made you suspect her having taken the money
that he is a pickpocket
of
Part II 课文知识要点精析
?blame vt.责备；谴责 n.过失；责备
※be to blame (for sth. )(对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth. on sb. /sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
※put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
(4)Some social app companies were to blame because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.一些开发社交应用程序的公司应该负责任，因为他们对用户的注册信息审核不够严格。
(5)Many children are afraid of being blamed making mistakes in speaking English.
许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。
(6) (blame) by his teacher，the boy was in low spirits.
被老师责备后，这个男孩心情低落。
for
Blamed
Part II 课文知识要点精析
[一句多译]
(7)很多人发现早上起床很难，并把这归咎于闹钟。
①Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and .(blame v.)
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and .(blame n.)
blame it on the
alarm clock
put/lay the blame
on the alarm clock
Part II 课文知识要点精析
4.Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.因此，他把水泵的手柄去掉使它不能再被使用。
?handle n.柄，把手；柄状物；把柄 v.触摸；操作；处理
(1)I turned the handle and found the door was open.
我转动把手，发现门是开着的。
(2)I’m old enough (handle) my own affairs.我已经长大了，可以处理我自己的事情。
to handle
Part II 课文知识要点精析
5.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.此外，斯诺后来证明了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。
?link vt.& n.连接；联系
link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
link up with与……联合；使与……衔接
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)I’ve decided to block all the information from a friend，who constantly shares links to various health tips.我决定屏蔽一个朋友的所有信息，他总是不停地分享各种保健小贴士的链接。
(2)The police found that these fingerprints linked the suspect the case.
警方发现这些指纹把犯罪嫌疑人与案件联系起来。
(3)They went on to the next town，where they the other
party.他们继续赶路到了下一个城镇，在那里他们与另一个队伍会合。
to
linked up with
Part II 课文知识要点精析
6.Through Snow’s tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.经过斯诺不懈的努力，自来水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅度减少。
?decrease vi.& vt.减少；(使)变小或变少 n.减少；降低
※decrease to...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
※on the decrease正在减少
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
(2)The number of new students in this school 2,100 to 1,600 this year.
(3)Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is _____
.
decreased from
on the
decrease
Part II 课文知识要点精析
7.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了怎样防治霍乱。
?thanks to幸亏，由于
※其他表示原因的短语还有：because of，on account of，as a result of，常作状语，一般不作表语，常可置于句首或句末。due to，owing to因为；由于，在句中作状语或表语。
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)Thanks to your timely help，I managed to finish the work on time.
(2) the bad weather，the match has been cancelled.
(3)I think my long and active life must be the healthy life I live.
Thanks to/Because of/Due to/Owing to
due to/owing to
8.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.而且，斯诺在使用地图和数据的过程中改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
?transform vt.&vi.转化；转换；改造；变换
※transform...into...使……变成……
transform into转化成；改造为
be transformed from...into...由……变成……
※transformation n.转化；转换；改造；变换
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)There’s no doubt that success and wealth transformed his character.
毫无疑问，成功和财富改变了他的性格。
(2)He a controversial figure，which affected his reputation a great deal.
他变成了一个有争议的人物，这对他的名声影响很大。
(3)Every moment of every day，energy is being transformed one form another.
一天当中的每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。
was transformed into
from
into
Part II 课文知识要点精析
9.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。
※where是关系副词，引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词places，定语从句all those who died had lived缺少一个地点状语。
※where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定转换成适当的“介词＋which”的形式。
※表示抽象地点的名词(case，scene，situation，condition，race，life，point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
Part II 课文知识要点精析
(1)They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic where they had a happy time.
(2)They borrowed materials from the hospital they’d trained as nursing assistants.
(3)In the middle of the sitting room，there is a table where (＝ ) many dishes are placed.
(4)They are now in a situation they need to make a practical plan.
where
on which
where
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Part II 课文知识要点精析
Thanks
Thank you