人教版(2019)必修第三册:Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Discovering Useful Structures 学案(含答案)

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名称 人教版(2019)必修第三册:Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Discovering Useful Structures 学案(含答案)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2022-12-28 20:44:04

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Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Section B Discovering Useful Structure
一、语法指导
省略句
(一)、简单句中的省略
1.省略主语
(1)Thank you for your help.
谢谢你的帮助。
(I)Doesn''mate.没关系。
2.省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分
(You come)This way please. 请这边走。
(Will you)Have a smoke 抽烟吗?
3.省略谓语或谓语的一部分
(Is)Anybody here?有人在这里吗?
Are you thirty?你30岁了吗?
Yes,I am(thirty). 是的,我是。
4.省略宾语
Do you know Mr.Li?—你认识李先生吗?
I don't know(him)—我不认识。
(二)、并列复合句中的省略
在由and或but等并列连词连接的并列复合句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,通常省略后面分句的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
2.若主语与谓语动词相同,通常省路后面分句的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy,but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。
3.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,通常省略后面分句的主要动词及后续部分。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't(have a knowledge of first aid).
他具备急救知识,但他的朋友不具备。
(三)、主从复合句中的省略
1.状语从句的省略
(1)在 when,while,if,as if,though,although,until,once,whether...or…,unless,whenever等引导的状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语相同或从句的主语为it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
例:Wood gives off much smoke while(it is)burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
(2)在than和as引导的比较状语从句中常省略than和a后面的某些成分。
例:
They didn't use more water than( it was) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
2.定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词 whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The exact year(which/that )Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。
(2)way后跟定语从句,关系词在从句中作状语时that/in which可以省略。
The way(in which/that)he speaks to us is really annoying.
他和我们讲话的方式真是讨厌
3.宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接了两个或两个以上的tha引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I believe(that)beauty comes from the heart.
我相信美是发自内心的。
(四)、虚拟语气中的省略
1.虚拟条件状语从句中含有had、should、were时常省略if,而将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday,you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话,你就会见到她了。
2.在一坚持(insist),二命令(order、command),三建议(suggest、propose、advise),四要求(demand、require,request、ask)等后的宾语从句中,含这些词或它们的派生词的主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中,以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important/…that...中常省略 should。
(五)、动词不定式的省略
1.当不定式用在形容词afraid、pleased,glad,happy,ready、willing、delighted等词后面时,to后与上文重复的内容常省略。
You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to(answer the question).如果他没有准备好回答这个问题,你不能强追他。
2.某些使役动词,如:make、let、have和感官动词,如:see,watch, notice、observe、hear等后面作宾补的不定式常省略to,但若用于被动语态,则to不省略。
We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.
我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。
3.两个并列使用的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间有对比关系,则不能省略to。
Her job is to look after the children and(to)teach them English.
她的工作是照顾这些孩子并教他们英语。
4.当不定式在某些动词后作宾语或宾补时,常可省略to后面的与上文重复的部分。常见的这类动词有agree,afford、expect、forget、hope、intend、prefer、pretend、refuse、want、wish、like等。
I asked him to see the film,but he didn't want to(see the film).
我叫他去看电影,但他不想去
5.连词but、except连接两个不定式,前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式不带to。
I have nothing to do but wait.
除了等我无能为力。
6.当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式常省略to。
All you need to do is(to)press the button.
你需要做的就是按那个按钮。
(六).介词的省略
1.在一些固定搭配中介词常被省略,如 spend time(in)doing sth;have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth ;prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.
She spends half an hour(in)reading every day.
她每天花半个小时读书。
2.在口语中,星期几之前的on可以省略。
We will visit you(on)Tuesday.
我们星期二去看你。
3.在肯定句中,“for+一段时间或距离”中的for有时被省略。
It has rained(for)a whole day.
雨已经下了一整天了。
二、同步练习
1.如果父母从来都不希望孩子在家帮忙的话,他们肯定 不会去做。
If parents never expect their children to be helpful at home, they are sure ________ ________ ________.
2.第一个问题很难,但其余的都相当简单。
The first question was difficult, but ________ ________ ________ pretty easy.
3.横穿街道时,要注意红绿灯。
________ ________ the street, you must pay attention to the traffic lights.
4.听音乐是我的爱好。
________ _______ _______ is my hobby.
5.我很抱歉没有早点告诉你这个消息。
I'm sorry for ________ ________ ________ you the news earlier.
6.这本书已被译为多国语言。
This book _______ _______ ________ into many languages.
7.depend on, check out, find out, hear of, leave out, be covered in, take out, no way
(1). The teacher was very angry when he _______ that
the student had been cheating.
(2). —Do you want to help
—_______ !
(3). The length of time spent exercising _______ the sport you are training for.
(4). Guests must _______ before noon, or they will be charged for the day.
(5).How did you _______ our products
(6).In copying this paper, be careful not to _______ any word.
(7). His tooth had such a large hole in it that it had to _______.
(8).Soon, the players _______ mud.
答案以及解析
1.答案:not to be
2.答案:the rest were
3.答案:While crossing
4.答案:Listening to music
5.答案:not having told
6.答案:has been translated
7.答案:found out ;No way ;depends on ;check out ;hear of;leave out ;be taken out ; were covered in