人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Discovering Useful Structures 学案（含答案）
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Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
Section B Discovering Useful Structures
一、词汇练习
whisper
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
whisper (sth.) to sb. 与某人悄声说
in a whisper 低声地；悄声地
assist
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
memory
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
in memory of 作为对……的纪念
memorable adj. 值得纪念的；值得回忆的
disguise
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
in disguise 化了妆地；乔装改扮地
there's no disguising the fact that… …是掩饰不了的
harm
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
do harm to 对……有害
harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
despair
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
in despair 处于绝望之中
the despair of sb. 令某人毫无办法
despair of sth. 对……感到绝望或丧失信心
pass away
意思：_____________
pass by 通过；从旁边经过
pass on (to sb.) 转交给（某人），传给（某人）
a great deal (of)
意思：_____________
常用于修饰不可数名词的单词和词组
much; a (great) deal of; a bit of; (an) (large) amount of/ amounts of
二、特殊句式
1.wh-ever引导的名词性从句
whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导主语、表语或宾语从句时相当于“先行词+关系代词”结构
whoever=anyone who
whomever=anyone whom
whatever=anything that
whichever=anyone who或anything that
2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语，代替when, where, why, that等。用在介词后的关系代词只有whom, which和whose三个，不能用that。
3.独立主格结构
结构: n/prop+doing/done/to do/(being)adj./adv./(being)n./prop.-phrase
句法作用：作状语
意义：表示时间；表示原因；表示条件；表示方式；表示伴随
三、语法指南
动词 ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
英语中分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词＋ ing”形式构成，在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。现在分词的基本形式如下：
现在分词一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而现在分词的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。
一、动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语
动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。现在分词作补语时常用于以下三种情况：
1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe等。例如：
I felt the house shaking.
我觉得房子在晃。
I found a beggar standing at the door.
我发现一个乞丐站在门口。
特别提示：在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词的 ing形式时，表示动作正在进行，用省略了to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他跑过了马路。(强调整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正跑过马路。(强调正在进行)
2．表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have，set，keep，leave，get等。
Don't keep the water running.
不要让水一直流。
The joke set her crying.
这个玩笑使她哭起来。
3．用于with复合结构中。如：
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
二、现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作。通常可转化成与之相对应的状语从句。
1．作时间状语
Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
Having finished the work，he went to see his teacher.
＝After he had finished the work，he went to see his teacher.
完成这次工作后，他去看望他的老师。
特别提示：当表达正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2．作原因状语
Being ill，he couldn't go to school.
＝As he was ill，he couldn't go to school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
3．作条件状语
Working hard，you'll make great progress.
＝If you work hard，you'll make great progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得重大进步。
4．作结果状语
His parents died，leaving him an orphan.
＝His parents died and left him an orphan.
他的父母死了，他成了一个孤儿。
The snow lasted a week，resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
＝The snow lasted a week，and resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
大雪持续了一周，结果造成了这一地区的严重的交通混乱。
5．作方式状语
He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
6．作伴随状语
I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.
＝I stood by the door，and didn't dare to say a word.
我站在门旁，一句话也不敢说。
She walked along the street，singing softly to herself.
＝She walked along the street and sang softly to herself.
她沿着街道一边走一边轻轻地唱。
7．作让步状语
Working or reading，she always did her best.
＝Whether she worked or read，she always did her best.
无论工作还是读书，她总是尽最大的努力。
Working very hard，he didn't feel a bit tired.
＝Though he worked hard，he didn't feel a bit tired.
尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲惫。
四、同步练习
1.Weather _________(permit), we'll go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.
2.My cousin came to see me from the country, _________ (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits.
3.While _________ (watch) TV, we heard the doorbell ring.
4._________ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
5.He sat at the desk, _________ (read) a newspaper.
6._________(open) the window, you will see the garden below.
7.______________(complete) his homework，Tom went out to play for a while.
8.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
I noticed a man __________________________ when I got off the car.
9.由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。
________ ________ ________ ________, I can't write to her.
10.杰克完成作业后，外出散步。
________ ________ ________ _______, Jack went out for a walk.
11.听到这个消息我们都高兴得跳了起来。
________ ________ ________ , we all jumped with joy.
12.过马路的时候要小心些。
When ________ ________ ________, please be careful.
13.从山上看，我们发现那个湖泊更加漂亮了。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ , we find that the lake looks more beautiful.
答案以及解析
1.答案：permitting
2.答案：bringing
3.答案：watching
4.答案：Not knowing
5.答案：reading
6.答案：Opening
7.答案：completed
8.答案：running out of the bank
9.答案：Not knowing her address
10.答案：Having finished his homework
11.答案：Hearing the news
12.答案：crossing the road
13.答案：Seeing it from the hill
Section B Discovering Useful Structures
一、词汇练习
whisper
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
whisper (sth.) to sb. 与某人悄声说
in a whisper 低声地；悄声地
assist
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
memory
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
in memory of 作为对……的纪念
memorable adj. 值得纪念的；值得回忆的
disguise
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
in disguise 化了妆地；乔装改扮地
there's no disguising the fact that… …是掩饰不了的
harm
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
do harm to 对……有害
harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to 对……有害
despair
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
in despair 处于绝望之中
the despair of sb. 令某人毫无办法
despair of sth. 对……感到绝望或丧失信心
pass away
意思：_____________
pass by 通过；从旁边经过
pass on (to sb.) 转交给（某人），传给（某人）
a great deal (of)
意思：_____________
常用于修饰不可数名词的单词和词组
much; a (great) deal of; a bit of; (an) (large) amount of/ amounts of
二、特殊句式
1.wh-ever引导的名词性从句
whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导主语、表语或宾语从句时相当于“先行词+关系代词”结构
whoever=anyone who
whomever=anyone whom
whatever=anything that
whichever=anyone who或anything that
2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语，代替when, where, why, that等。用在介词后的关系代词只有whom, which和whose三个，不能用that。
3.独立主格结构
结构: n/prop+doing/done/to do/(being)adj./adv./(being)n./prop.-phrase
句法作用：作状语
意义：表示时间；表示原因；表示条件；表示方式；表示伴随
三、语法指南
动词 ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
英语中分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词＋ ing”形式构成，在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。现在分词的基本形式如下：
现在分词一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而现在分词的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。
一、动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语
动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。现在分词作补语时常用于以下三种情况：
1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe等。例如：
I felt the house shaking.
我觉得房子在晃。
I found a beggar standing at the door.
我发现一个乞丐站在门口。
特别提示：在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的 ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词的 ing形式时，表示动作正在进行，用省略了to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他跑过了马路。(强调整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正跑过马路。(强调正在进行)
2．表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have，set，keep，leave，get等。
Don't keep the water running.
不要让水一直流。
The joke set her crying.
这个玩笑使她哭起来。
3．用于with复合结构中。如：
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
二、现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作。通常可转化成与之相对应的状语从句。
1．作时间状语
Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
＝When/While (she was) walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
Having finished the work，he went to see his teacher.
＝After he had finished the work，he went to see his teacher.
完成这次工作后，他去看望他的老师。
特别提示：当表达正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2．作原因状语
Being ill，he couldn't go to school.
＝As he was ill，he couldn't go to school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
3．作条件状语
Working hard，you'll make great progress.
＝If you work hard，you'll make great progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得重大进步。
4．作结果状语
His parents died，leaving him an orphan.
＝His parents died and left him an orphan.
他的父母死了，他成了一个孤儿。
The snow lasted a week，resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
＝The snow lasted a week，and resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
大雪持续了一周，结果造成了这一地区的严重的交通混乱。
5．作方式状语
He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
6．作伴随状语
I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.
＝I stood by the door，and didn't dare to say a word.
我站在门旁，一句话也不敢说。
She walked along the street，singing softly to herself.
＝She walked along the street and sang softly to herself.
她沿着街道一边走一边轻轻地唱。
7．作让步状语
Working or reading，she always did her best.
＝Whether she worked or read，she always did her best.
无论工作还是读书，她总是尽最大的努力。
Working very hard，he didn't feel a bit tired.
＝Though he worked hard，he didn't feel a bit tired.
尽管拼命地工作，他却丝毫不感到疲惫。
四、同步练习
1.Weather _________(permit), we'll go for a picnic the day after tomorrow.
2.My cousin came to see me from the country, _________ (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits.
3.While _________ (watch) TV, we heard the doorbell ring.
4._________ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
5.He sat at the desk, _________ (read) a newspaper.
6._________(open) the window, you will see the garden below.
7.______________(complete) his homework，Tom went out to play for a while.
8.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
I noticed a man __________________________ when I got off the car.
9.由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。
________ ________ ________ ________, I can't write to her.
10.杰克完成作业后，外出散步。
________ ________ ________ _______, Jack went out for a walk.
11.听到这个消息我们都高兴得跳了起来。
________ ________ ________ , we all jumped with joy.
12.过马路的时候要小心些。
When ________ ________ ________, please be careful.
13.从山上看，我们发现那个湖泊更加漂亮了。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ , we find that the lake looks more beautiful.
答案以及解析
1.答案：permitting
2.答案：bringing
3.答案：watching
4.答案：Not knowing
5.答案：reading
6.答案：Opening
7.答案：completed
8.答案：running out of the bank
9.答案：Not knowing her address
10.答案：Having finished his homework
11.答案：Hearing the news
12.答案：crossing the road
13.答案：Seeing it from the hill