专题八 定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（A卷）
一、填空
1.He refused to tell us the reason _________ he was against the plan.
2.Do you believe the reason _________ he gave for his spending so much money in a week
3.And naturally in the days _________ boats were the most important means of transport, canals were the easiest means of reaching a place.
4.The little problems _________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
5.There is usually an interval between the first half and the second half _________ the coach will tell his players how to play well.
6.It is important to fix anything _________ might affect your home's heating performance, such as badly fitting windows or damp walls.
7.Alice is an editor of a social program, in _________ she photographs many of the interesting people she meets, sharing their life stories at the same time.
8.Many lessons are now available online, from _________ students can choose for free.
9.Dr. Rowan, _________secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
10.When you get stressed, one of the first things _________ happen is that blood pressure rises.
11.Just like some Europeans celebrate Spring Festival nowadays, it's no wonder __________ Chinese celebrate Christmas.
12.__________ commits a crime can never escape from being punished.
13.__________ of you fulfills your duties will be respected.
14.Our English teacher made it a rule __________ we greet each other in English every morning.
15.Therefore, our tobacco seller, Mr. Johnson, always asks his customers, if they are very young, __________ the cigarettes are bought for.
16.All of us have already known __________ she will choose is the opportunity to go abroad.
17.Many experts believe that teachers' development is _________ the key to better education lies.
18.The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is __________ he has a flexible attitude.
19.What his parents really doubt is __________ he will devotes himself to his study as a college student.
20.There is no solid evidence ____________ people can control their dreams, at least in a lab.
二、阅读理解
Are you diligently exercising but seeing no result around your midsection(上腹部) It's not just you. Two new studies may explain why many people who begin exercise programs often lose little to no weight in the long run.
In the first study, published in the online science journal PLoS One, researchers compared the daily energy consumption of Westerners and the Hadza, a population of hunter-gatherers living in northern Tanzania. Many believe modern Westerners burn fewer calories than in the past because their lives have become more sedentary(久坐的). The Hadza, who are generally very thin, hunt and look for food without modern tools such as vehicles or guns. Men walk about seven miles each day, while women walk about half that.
What was surprising was that although the Hadza seem to be more active, the researchers found little difference in calories burned between the Hadza and the Westerners.
The second study, published in Obesity Reviews, analyzed the effect of exercise interventions on body composition. The researchers found that-contrary to popular belief-when people exercise but keep their energy intake constant, their resting metabolic(新陈代谢的)rate actually goes down. Exercises who ate more calories than they usually do did burn more fat than predicted, but some overate and negated the effects of their hard work.
These studies suggest two things: exercise programs may not lead to as much calories burn as you would think, and many people start eating more when they exercise, and they may eat too much.
Bottom line, if you start exercising to lose weight, you won't succeed with the mentality of "I can eat anything because I'll burn it off later." You will have better results if you choose a healthy diet of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats while exercising. Although these two studies show that diet may be more important than exercise for weight loss, don't discount the other benefits of exercise, including decreased stress and anxiety, improved mood and reduced risk of cardiovascular (心血管的)disease, diabetes and some cancers.
1. What dose the two studies show in common
A. Exercises are of great benefit.
B. Exercises make people eat too much.
C. Dieting may be not so helpful for weight loss.
D. Exercises do not necessarily lead to weight loss.
2. What does the underlined word negated" mean
A. Improved. B. Doubled. C. Denied. D. Aroused.
3. The text is most likely to be found in ______.
A. a science magazine B. a book review C. a health guideline D. a news report
三、语法填空
Do you want to learn a foreign language Choose one of the most ①________(use) languages suggested below to learn.
In most countries all over the world, English is the most widely used second language. Whether a person is traveling to a foreign country or communicating ②________ people from other ③________ (country) for business purposes, English is one language which will come in handy at every step.
Spanish is the language of business in about twenty countries. There are many jobs in the United States as well as in many other countries, which specially ask for people ④________ know how to speak and write Spanish.
The Chinese economy is booming! In the future, China ⑤________ (become) the economic world leader, which makes ⑥________ the perfect time to learn Mandarin Chinese, a language ⑦________ (speak) by millions of people.
French ⑧________ (recognize) as one of the top languages to learn, ⑨________ (simple) because it is a chief language in northern and western Africa. Anyone trying to understand European history can benefit a lot from ⑩________ (learn) this language.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：why
解析：在限制性定语从句中若先行词是reason，且关系词在限制性定语从句中作状语时，要用why引导从句。
2.答案：that/which
解析：此处为限制性定语从句,先行词为the reason,关系词在从句中作宾语,故填that/which。
3.答案：when
解析：句意:当然,在船是最重要的交通工具的时代,运河是到一个地方最简单的方式。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词days,指时间。关系词在从句中作状语,故用关系副词when。
4.答案：that/which
解析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感之源。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词problems，在从句中作宾语，故填入that或which。
5.答案：when
解析：句意：在上半场和下半场之间通常会有一段时间，这时教练会告诉他的球员如何发挥出色。" ________ the coach will tell his players how to play well"是定语从句，修饰先行词interval （时间间隔）。空格处在从句中作时间状语，故用when。
6.答案：that
解析：句意：修复任何可能影响你家供暖性能的东西是很重要的，比如不合适的窗户或者潮湿的墙壁。空格处引导定语从句，修饰不定代词anything，在从句中作主语，故宜用that。
7.答案：which
解析：句意: Alice是一个社会节目的编辑,在这个节目中她拍摄了很多她遇到的有趣的人,同时分享他们的生活故事。此处为非限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词program,并在定语从句中作介词in的宾语,故用which。
8.答案：which
解析：句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Many lessons，指物，关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。
9.答案：whose
解析： 句意：罗恩博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己做所有的打字工作。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Dr. Rowan，关系词在从句中作定语，表示"Dr. Rowan's"，应用关系代词whose。
10.答案：that
解析： 定语从句修饰先行词things，关系词在定语从句中作主语。因为先行词被序数词first修饰，故宜用that引导。
11.答案：that
解析：考查主语从句。句意为:就像现在一些欧洲人庆祝春节一样,中国人庆祝圣诞节也不足为奇。分析句子结构可知,it作形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。故填that。
12.答案：Whoever
解析：考查主语从句。句意为:无论谁犯罪都永远逃脱不了惩罚。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句,且引导词在从句中作主语;根据句意可知,此处应用whoever引导该从句,意为"无论谁"。故填Whoever。注意首字母大写。
13.答案：Whichever
解析：考查主语从句。句意为:无论你们哪个完成任务都将会受到尊敬。分析句子结构可知, will前面是主语从句;根据"of you"可知,此处是指在一定范围内进行选择,应用whichever引导该从句,意为"无论哪个"。故填Whichever。注意首字母大写。
14.答案：that
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:我们的英语老师规定我们每天早晨用英语互相问候。分析句子结构可知,it作形式宾语,空格处引导的从句是真正的宾语;该从句句意完整,不缺成分,应用that引导该从句。故填that。
15.答案：whom
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:因此,我们的烟草销售商Johnson先生总是询问他年轻的顾客们,这些香烟是为谁买的。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作"for"的宾语,指人,故应用whom引导该从句。故填whom。
16.答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:我们都已经知道,她将选择的是出国的机会。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,空格处在从句中作动词"choose"的宾语,应用what引导该从句。故填what。
17.答案：where
解析：考查表语从句。句意为:许多专家认为教师的发展是更好的教育的关键所在。空格处引导表语从句,lie是不及物动词,因此空格处在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
18.答案：that
解析：考查表语从句。句意为:他很快适应新情况的原因是他有一个灵活多变的态度。分析句子结构可知,本句为表语从句,句意完整,且从句中不缺成分,应用that引导该从句。故填that。
19.答案：whether
解析：考查表语从句。句意为:他的父母真正怀疑的是,作为一名大学生,他是否会全身心地投入到学业中去。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导表语从句;根据句意可知,此处应用whether引导该从句,意为"是否"。故填whether。
20.答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,空后句子是对evidence的解释说明,且句子中不缺任何成分,故用that引导同位语从句。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-3 DCA
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段"Two new studies may explain why many people who begin exercise programs often lose little to no weight in the long run."（两项新的研究也许可以解释为什么许多人开始运动项目后，从长远来看体重几乎没有下降。）可见两项研究都表明，运动不一定会掉重。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。 根据"and"前的词"overate"(过度摄入食物） 和下一段"These studies suggest two things: exercise programs may not lead to as much calories bum as you would think, and many people start eating more when they exercise, and they may eat too much."（这些研究表明了两件事：运动项目可能不会像你想象的那样燃烧那么多的卡路里，许多人在运动时开始吃得更多，他们可能会吃得太多。）可知，这种行为肯定会破坏自己的运动努力。根据选项，负向的动词否定（denied），故选C。
3.推理判断题。 根据第二段"In the first study, published in the online science journal"(第一项研究发表在在线科学期刊)和后面一段"These studies suggest two things: exercise programs may not lead to as much calories burn as you would think, and many people start eating more when they exercise, and they may eat too much."（这些研究表明了两件事：运动项目可能不会像你想象的那样燃烧那么多的卡路里，许多人在运动时开始吃得更多，他们可能会吃得太多。）可知，讲述了科学期刊的研究结果和对这些科学研究的分析，一定是在科学杂志中，故选择A。
三、语法填空
答案：1. useful2. with3. countries4. who/that5. will become6. it7. spoken8. is recognized9. simply10. learning
解析：
本文是一篇说明文。作者为想要学习外语的人介绍并且推荐了几种语言。
1.考查形容词。句意:选择下面建议的最有用的语言之一来学习。该空修饰名词 languages,应用形容词,故填useful。
2.考查介词。句意:无论一个人是去外国旅游,还是出于商业目的,和其他国家的人交流,英语是迟早会派上用处的一门语言。communicate with sb.意为"与某人交流",是固定搭配,故填with。
3.考查名词的数。句意同上。country是可数名词,前面有other修饰,故用名词复数,所以填countries。
4.考查定语从句关系词。句意:美国和许多其他国家都有许多工作岗位,特别需要会说西班牙语和写西班牙语的人。本句为定语从句修饰先行词people,且关系词在从句中作主语,指人,应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
5.考查动词时态。句意:在未来,中国将成为世界经济的领导者,这使之成为学习汉语普通话的最佳时机,汉语普通话是数百万人使用的语言。根据时间状语 In the future可判断出设空处指发生在将来的事情,用一般将来时,故填will become。
6.考查it作形式宾语。句意同上。make后面跟it作形式宾语,不定式to learn Mandarin Chinese是真正的宾语,故填it。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知speak在句中做非谓语动词,且a language与speak之间是被动关系,所以设空处用过去分词作定语,故填spoken。
8.考查动词时态语态。句意:法语被认为是最好的语言之一,因为它是北非和西非的主要语言。分析时态可知,此处介绍的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,又因French和recognize之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为French,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is recognized。
9.考查副词。句意同上。该空修饰because引导的整个句子,用副词,故填simply。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:任何试图了解欧洲历史的人都能从学习这种语言中获益良多。from是一个介词,后面接-ing形式作宾语,故填learning。专题八 定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（B卷）
一、填空
1.I can never forget the days ________ we worked together in Medical teams in Africa.
2.Giving is a universal opportunity ________ regardless of your age, profession, religion, and background, you have the capacity to create change.
3.He introduced to me a girl ________ pronunciation was the best in the class.
4.Those ________ have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.
5.The most important thing _________ parents can teach their children is how to get along without them.
6._________ is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.
7.Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by _________ you are sure to make great progress.
8.He's a very good actor, _________ a lot of comedians are not, and he's a good director and a good writer as well.
9.Bill Gates, for _________ money isn't a problem, still lives a very simple life now.
10.Next month she is going to live in Beijing, _____ she has some close friends.
11._____ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams.
12._____ I finished doing the homework in such a short time surprised them all.
13._____ annoyed your father was not what you said, but the way you said it.
14.I believe that where there is a will there is a way, and __________ success belongs to those who make constant efforts.
15.Please tell me __________ the weather is like in your country this time of year.
16.She is very dear to us. We have prepared to do __________ it takes to save her life.
17.I don't know the latest news. That's _____ I have been preparing a report all day.
18.The truth was _____ the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
19.Information has been put forward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
20.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief __________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
二、阅读理解
In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his book a mysterious set of symptoms he was noticing among artists: "Of the many painters I have known, almost all I found unhealthy ... If we search for the cause of the extremely thin and colorless appearance of the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are so often victims of, we should look no further than the harmful nature of the paint."
He was one of the first to make the connection between paint and artists' health, but it would take centuries for painters to switch to less-harmful materials, even as medicine gradually found some clues to the painters' health problems.
The 1834 London Medical and Surgical Journal describes sharp stomach pains occurring in patients with no other evidence of intestinal(肠的)disease, thus leading the authors to suspect that this "painter's stomachache" was a "nervous affection" of the intestine that occurs when lead "is absorbed into the system".
Paints weren't the only source of saturnism(铅中毒)in past centuries, though. Through the 1500s, lead was widely used in wine to make the wine tastes sweeter. Occasionally, lead was even used as a medicine. In the Middle Ages, lead could be found in makeup.
Though many kinds of people fell victim to saturnism, the disease was perhaps most widespread among those who worked with paint. The symptoms of this "stomachache" ranged, but they often included a pale face, tooth loss, fatigue, painful stomach aches, and so on. In fact, the illness that many famous artists experienced didn't just prompt their gloomy works.
Lead poisoning among historical figures is difficult to prove, in part because the condition was not known or recognized in most of their lifetimes. We can't know whether the madness, depression, and illnesses many Renaissance masters experienced can be attributed to their paint or just their physiologies(生理机能).
1. In his book, Bernardinus Ramazzini described the following symptoms of many painters except ______.
A. being extremely thin B. depressed feelings
C. being always inactive D. pale appearance
2. What can we know about Bernardinus Ramazzini
A. He was an Italian physicist. B. He invented less-harmful materials.
C. He made artists stop using paints. D. He thought paints do harm to health.
3. When may be the connection between paint and artists' health first established
A. In the 16th century. B. In the 18th century.
C. In the 19th century. D. In the 20th century.
4. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Lead was widely used throughout history in daily life.
B. Saturnism in past centuries came from various sources.
C. All the artists are unhealthy for they use harmful paints.
D. Typical symptoms of artists' disease may be connected to paints.
三、语法填空
It is with a very heavy heart that we are sharing the news of the passing of Dr. Alfonso (Rick) Radcliffe, who celebrated his 92nd birthday in October. He died ①________(peaceful) at his home on the evening of Friday. Rick is survived ②________ his son and daughter-in-law.
Rick was born in St. Louis, 1928. He ③________ (accept) in the Physics program at UCLA at 15 years old but delayed ④________ (study) to serve in the army. When he was released one year later, Rick returned to UCLA, completing his BS, MS and Doctorate degree. ⑤________ (arm) with a PhD in Control Systems, Rick went to work at Mattel Toys as a Test Engineer, ⑥________ he creatively designed a musical doll. Rick was later hired to serve as Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering for the new minority engineering program at CSUN, becoming the ⑦________ (one) black Dean of Engineering in the entire CSU system. Among his many ground breaking ⑧________ (accomplish), Rick was responsible for hiring ⑨________ women into CSUN's engineering program than all of the other CSU schools combined. Rick worked at CSUN for 30 years including 10 years of post-retirement project work.
In keeping with his investigative mind set, Rick donated his body to UCLA for ⑩________ (science) research.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我永远不会忘记我们在非洲医疗队共事的那些日子。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"days",表示时间,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,应用when引导该从句。故填when。
2.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意为：给予是一种普遍的机会，不管你的年龄、职业、宗教和背景如何，你都有能力创造改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"a universal opportunity"，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句。故填where。
3.答案：whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:他向我介绍了班上发音最好的女孩。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"girl",关系词在从句中作"pronunciation"的定语,与pronunciation之间是所属关系,应用whose引导该从句。故填whose。
4.答案：who/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:那些热爱攀登险峻的高山的人经常被用惊奇的(眼光)看待。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"Those",指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用who/that引导该从句。故填who/that。
5.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:父母能够教给孩子的最重要的事就是(让孩子学会)没有他们如何生活。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"thing",指物,且关系词在从句中作teach的宾语。当先行词前有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。
6.答案：As
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:这个女孩忘记带她的字典,这是常有的事。as is often the case是固定短语,意为"情况常常如此,这是常有的事,通常就是这样"。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是逗号后的整个句子,关系词在从句中作主语,意为"正如",应用as引导该从句。先行词位于句首时只能用as,不能用which,故填As。注意首字母大写。
7.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:对语言学习来说,听和说是非常重要的,通过听和说,你一定会取得巨大的进步。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"Speaking and listening",指物,且关系词在从句中作by的宾语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
8.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:他是一个非常好的演员,许多喜剧演员却不是(好演员),而且他也是一个好的导演和好的作家。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"very good actor",指演员,且关系词在从句中作表语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
9.答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Bill Cates，指人，且关系词在从句中作介词for的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。
10.答案：where
解析：句意为:下个月她将去北京居住,在那里她有一些好朋友。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词Beijing,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
11.答案：What
解析：句意: 袁隆平让人们印象最深刻的是他为实现梦想不断前进的能力。what引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语。
12.答案：That
解析：句意: 我在这么短的时间内完成家庭作业令他们都很吃惊。that引导主语从句, 无词义并且不作成分。
13.答案：What
解析：句意为:惹恼你父亲的不是你说的话,而是你说话的方式。设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为"……的事情",故填What。
14.答案：that
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:我相信有志者事竟成,成功属于那些不断努力的人。分析句子结构可知, believe后接两个并列的宾语从句,从句不缺任何成分,句意完整,应用that引导该从句; that无实义,只起连接作用。第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。故填that。
15.答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:请告诉我你的国家每年这个时候的天气如何。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,空格处在从句中作"like"的宾语,故应用what引导该从句。故填what。
16.答案：whatever
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:她是我们的心肝宝贝。我们已经准备好不惜一切代价去挽救她的生命。It takes sb. sth. to do sth.意为"某人花费……去做某事";分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,引导词在从句中作"takes"的宾语。根据句意可知,空格处表示"任何事物,一切事物",应用whatever引导该从句。故填whatever。
17.答案：because
解析：句意: 我不清楚最新消息。那是因为我整天都在准备报告。because引导表语从句。
18.答案：that
解析：句意: 事实是宽街水泵的水被废物污染了。设空处引导表语从句, 从句中成分完整所以考虑用从属连词, 又根据句意可知从句为The truth的具体内容, 所以用that。
19.答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。同位语从句that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities解释名词information的内容。that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,指起引导作用,也也没有任何意思。句意:更多的毕业生将会被大雪录取的信息已经被提出来了。故填that。
20.答案：that
解析： belief后所跟的从句是对其内容进行具体的解释说明的，是同位语从句，从句不缺成分，意义完整，所以用that引导。that在同位语从句中只起链接作用，不作任何成分，也无意义，但不能省略
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CDBD
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段"the extremely thin and colorless appearance of the painters, as well as the sad feelings."(极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪）可知，艺术家没有的症状就是C选项。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段"we should look no further than the harmful nature of the paint."(我们应该进一步看到颜料的有害性质。）可知，在Bemardinus Ramazzini看来，颜料对健康是有害的。故选D。
3.细节理解题。 根据第一段"In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his book a mysterious set of symptoms he was noticing among artists."(在1713年，意大利内科医生Bernardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征.) 和第二段"He was one of the first to make the connection between paint and artists' health"(他是第一个认为颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的人。）可知，第一次发表颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的是在1713年，即18世纪。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段"If we search for the cause of the extremely thin and colorless appearance of the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are so often victims of, we should look no further than the harmful nature of the paint."(如果我们要寻找画家极其消瘦和苍白的面孔，以及悲伤的情绪，我们应该只关注绘画的有害性质）可知，这篇文章以意大利内科医生Bermardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征：极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪，得出结论：颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：1. peacefully2. by3. was accepted4. studying5. Armed6. where7. first8. accomplishments9. more10. scientific
解析：①考查副词。句意：周五晚上，他在家中平静地去世。空格处用副词 peacefully修饰动词died，故填 peacefully。
②考查介词和固定短语。句意：里克身后留下了儿子和儿媳。由 his son and daughter-in-law可知，儿子和儿媳比里克活的时间长survive意为"比……活得久"，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是表示被动的by，故填by。
③考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：15岁时，他被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，但为了参军而推迟了学习。根据语境可知，他是被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，且由at 5 years old可知，句子时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即 was/ were done，主语He是单数，因此空格处是 was accepted，故填 was accepted。
④考查动名词。句意：15岁时，他被加州大学洛杉矶分校的物理学专业录取，但为了参军而推迟了学习。 delay doing，是固定短语，意为"推迟做某事"，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填 studying。
⑤考查过去分词。句意：拥有控制系统博士学位的里克在美泰玩具公司Mattel Toys担任测试工程师，在那里他创造性地设计了一个音乐娃娃。分析可知，句子谓语是went，空格处是非谓语形式，由固定短语 be armed with（装备有）可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填 Armed。
⑥考查定语从句的引导词。句意：拥有控制系统博士学位的里克在美泰玩具公司 Mattel Toys担任测试工程师，在那里他创造性地设计了一个音乐娃娃。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词 Mattel Toys是地点，因此空格处用关系副词 where，故填 where。
⑦考查序数词。句意：里克后来被聘为CSUN新成立的少数民族工程项目的电气工程副教授，成为整个CSU系统中第一位黑人工程系主任。the后跟序数词，one的序数词是first，意为"第一"，故填first。
⑧考查名词的复数。句意：在他的许多开创性成就中，里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目，比所有其他CSU学校的总和还要多。 breaking是形容词，修饰名词， accomplish的名词是 accomplishment，意为"成就"，前面有many，空格处用复数，故填 accomplishments。
⑨考查比较级。句意：在他的许多开创性成就中，里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目，比所有其他CSUN学校的总和还要多。由后面的than可知，空格处用比较级，根据语境可知，句子表示"里克负责聘请更多的女性进入CSUN的工程项目"，空格处是"更多的"，是more，故填more。
⑩考查形容词。句意：为了保持他的调查思维，里克把他的尸体捐给了加州大学洛杉矶分校用于科学研究。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词 research, science的形容词是 scientific，意为"科学的"，故填 scientific。专题八 定语从句和名词性从句综合训练（C卷）
一、填空
1.I'm looking for a senior position _________ I can make a big impact.
2.We should all realize that we are living in a world _________ is unfortunately mixed with people of various types.
3.I can think of many cases _________ students knew quite a few English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.
4.I have reached a point in my life__________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(填入一个合适的词.)
5.Reading should be a pleasure. So avoid reading anything _________ is too difficult for you.
6.I am afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, _____ is why he never finishes anything.
7.I have two candidates for this job, both of _________ would be great additions to our department.
8._________ is expected, these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.
9.Creating an atmosphere in _________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
10.So long as you stick to it, the moment will definitely come _________ you can have your dream come true.
11.Every time I see the changes—a sense of gain for them—I feel my work is meaningful as __________ I do can benefit others.
12.__________ we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
13.__________ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
14.The time pilots spend flying a plane depends on __________ the flight is a short- or long-haul flight.
15.With the Internet developing dramatically, parents cannot check a published guide to determine __________ is suitable for their children to see.
16.He is constantly thinking of __________ he could do more for others.
17.The exact places the police marked on the map were _____ the suspected murderer had lived.
18.He studied hard and later became a well-known physician, which was _____ his father had expected.
19.Despite the fact _____ they are of an age, they share no interests in common.
20.Word came _________ our football team won the final competition.
二、阅读理解
The decision to go to college still makes sense for most, but a recent survey showed that only 16% Americans think a four-year college degree course prepares students well for a high-paying job in the modern economy. To some extent, technology seems to be complicating the picture.
A paper published by several Canadian economists questions optimistic assumptions about demand for non-routine work and shows that since 2000 the share of employment accounted for by high-skilled jobs in America has been falling. This analysis supports the view that technology has come as a blow to employment. Skilled and unskilled workers alike are in trouble. Those with a better education are still more likely to find work, but there is now a fair chance that it will be unenjoyable. Those who never made it to college face being squeezed out of the workforce altogether. This is the argument of the techno-pessimists (科技悲观者), who calculated that 47%of existing jobs in America are very likely to be influenced by automation.
There is another, less pessimistic possibility. James Bessen, an economist at Boston University, has worked out the effects of automation on specific professions and finds that since 1980 employment has been growing faster in occupations that use computers than in those that do not. Progressive automation can actually increase demand by reducing costs. But even though technology may not destroy jobs on the whole, it does force change upon many people.
In many occupations it has become essential to acquire new skills as established ones become out-of-date. Burning Glass Technologies, a Boston-based startup that analyses labor markets by obtaining data from online job advertisements, finds that the biggest demand is for new combinations of skills --- what its boss, Matt Sigelman, calls "hybrid jobs". The composition of new jobs is also changing rapidly.
A college degree at the start of a working career does not answer the need for the continuous acquisition of new skills, especially as career spans (持续时间) are lengthening. Vocational training (职业培训) is good at giving people job-specific skills, but those, too, will need to be updated over and over again during a career lasting decades. Vocational training has a role, but training someone early to do one thing all their lives is not the answer to lifelong learning.
Add all of this up, and it becomes clear that times have got tougher for workers of all kinds. A college degree is still a necessity for many jobs, but employers often do not trust it enough to hire workers just on the strength of that. In many occupations workers on company payrolls face the prospect that their existing skills will become outdated.
1.What can we learn from the paper conducted by the Canadian economists
A.Employment has been shaken by technology.
B.College degree is a necessity in career success.
C.Skilled workers are no longer required in most American industries.
D.Techno-pessimism paves the way for future technology development.
2.What does James Bessen believe according to the text
A.Increased demand can bring about cost reduction.
B.Progressive automation is beneficial to companies.
C.Computer has always been an essential factor in employment.
D.Technology advancement has a positive impact on most people.
3.Which of the following may Burning Glass Technologies agree with
A.The job market will have a bright future.
B.The composition of new jobs is shaped by technology.
C.Online job advertisements require a precise data analysis.
D.Acquisition of new skills is essential in current job market.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Lifelong Learning: an Economic Priority
B.Technology Revolution: the Way to Success
C.College Degree: a Guarantee for Career Change
D.Vocational Training: a Blessing for Job Seekers
三、语法填空
Laziness is a mental resistance to do anything and a situation where you are away from the ①_______(value) part of life by being idle(无事可做的). Most of the people become lazy because they do not have the clear vision in life. They simply waste their time and energy in the process of ②_______ (avoid) the work and that in turn makes them remain underachiever throughout the life. That is ③_______ you have to overcome your laziness if you want to be outstanding in life.
Most of the people generally get stuck into laziness due to lack ④_______ motivation. There is no better way to ⑤_______ (inspire) than the action. If you do not want to take action, then force ⑥_______ (you) to act at initial stage. If you purposefully try to act instead of killing your time, it will become your ⑦_______ (two) nature, and laziness will be the thing of the past.
Finally, if you have a burning desire ⑧_______ (achieve) your goal, you will find a way to do it. So, push yourself to attack a ⑨_______ (big) goal than you have been willing to pursue until now. Always keep in mind: Unless you do it, you will not know whether or not you can. So take action right now to overcome laziness and have ⑩_______ rich and varied life.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我想找到一个高级位置,在那里我可以有更大的影响力。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"a senior position",表示地点,且关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导该从句。故填where。
2.答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我们都应该认识到,我们生活在一个不幸地混杂着各类人的世界。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"a world",指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which或者that引导该从句。故填which/that。
3.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我能想到很多事例,就是学生们知道很多英语词汇和表达方式,却写不出好文章。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句;在定语从句中,先行词是point, situation, part, condition, case等表示抽象意义的单词,且关系词在从句中作状语时,应用where引导该从句。故填where。
4.答案：where
解析：当等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时,如定语从句没有状语时,则用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
5.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意为:阅读应该是一种乐趣。所以避免阅读任何对你来说太难的东西。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"anything",指物,且关系词在从句中作主语。在定语从句中,先行词是不定代词时,只能用that引导定语从句。故填that。
6.答案：which
解析：句意为:恐怕与其说他是一个实干家,不如说他是一个空谈家,这就是他一事无成的原因。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个分句的内容,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导该从句,故填which。
7.答案：whom
解析： 分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入关系代词引导定语从句。空格处在介词of后作宾语，指代先行词candidates，因此用whom。
8.答案：As
解析：可以引导位于主句前的非限制性定语从句的关系词只有as。
9.答案：which
解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入定语从句的关系词。关系词在介词in后作宾语，指代先行词atmosphere，故填入which。
10.答案：when
解析：句意：只要你坚持，你能实现自己梦想的那一刻肯定会到来的。根据句意可知，定语从句修饰先行词the moment，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。
11.答案：what
解析：考查主语从句。句意为:每次我看到这些变化——对他们而言是一种收获感——我觉得我的工作是有意义的,因为我做的事情有益于他人。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句,引导词在从句中作"do"的宾语,应用what引导该从句。故填what。
12.答案：Whether
解析：考查主语从句。句意为:我们是否要举行英语考试还没有被决定。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句;根据句意可知,此处应用whether引导该从句,意为"是否"。if不能引导主语从句。故填Whether。注意首字母大写。
13.答案：What
解析：考查主语从句。句意为:普通读者并不了解他在文章中提到的东西。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句,且引导词在从句中作"referred to"的宾语,应用what引导该从句。故填What。注意首字母大写。
14.答案：whether
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:飞行员驾驶飞机花费的时间取决于是短途飞行还是长途飞行。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句;根据句意和空格后的"or"可知,此处应用whether引导该从句。故填whether。
15.答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:随着互联网迅速发展,父母已无法(通过)查看已出版的手册指南来确定孩子们适合看什么。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,引导词作"determine"的宾语,且空格处在从句中作主语,表内容,应用what引导该从句。故填what。
16.答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句。句意为:他一直在思考如何为别人做更多的事情。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，该从句作动词短语"thinking of"的宾语；空格处在从句中作方式状语，应用how引导该从句，意为"如何"。故填how。
17.答案：where
解析：句意为:警察在地图上标出的确切地点是谋杀案嫌疑犯居住过的地方。_____ the suspected murderer had lived是表语从句,连接词在从句中作地点状语,意为"……的地方",应用where。
18.答案：what
解析：句意为:他努力学习,后来成为一名著名的医生,这是他父亲所期望的。was后是表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示"……的事/东西",所以应用连接代词what。
19.答案：that
解析：句意为:尽管同岁，他们却没有任何共同兴趣。此处为that 引导的同位语从句，解释其前面的抽象名词fact的内容。"名词+ of an age"为固定搭配，等同于"名词+ of the same age"，意为"年 龄相同"。
20.答案：that
解析：句意为:我们的足球队赢了决赛的消息传来了。______ our football team won the final competition解释说明Word的内容,为同位语从句,设空处引导同位语从句,在从句中不作成分,没有词义,故填that。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"This analysis supports the view that technology has come as a blow to employment(这一分析支持了一种观点,即技术已经对就业造成了打击。)"可知, 我们可以从加拿大经济学家的论文中了解到就业受到了科技的冲击。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"James Bessen, an economist at Boston University, has worked out the effects of automation on specific professions and finds that since 1980 employment has been growing faster in occupations that use computers than in those that do not. Progressive automation can actually increase demand by reducing costs.(波士顿大学的经济学家James Bessen计算出了自动化对特定职业的影响,他发现,自1980年以来, 使用电脑的职业的就业增长速度比不使用电脑的职业要快。渐进式自动化实际上可以通过降低成本来增加需求。)"可知, James Bessen认为渐进式自动化对公司有益。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中的"In many occupations it has become essential to acquire new skills as established ones become out-of-date. Burning Glass Technologies, a Boston-based startup that analyses labor markets by obtaining data from online job advertisements, finds that the biggest demand is for new combinations of skill- what its boss, Matt Sigelman, calls 'hybrid jobs' .(在许多职业中,由于现有技能已经过时,获得新技能已成为必要。波士顿的新兴公司Burning Glass Technologies通过获取网上招聘广告的数据来分析劳动力市场,发现市场对新技能组合的需求最大一该公司老板Matt Sigelman称之为混合工作。)"可知,Burning GlassTechnologies同意的观点是目前的就业市场上,获得新技能是必不可少的。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后- -段"A college degree is still a necessity for many jobs, but employers often do not trust it enough to hire workers just on the strength of that. In many occupations workers on company payrolls face the prospect that their existing skills will become outdated. (大学学历仍然是许多工作的必要条件,但雇主往往不太相信这一点,不会仅仅凭学历就雇佣员工。在许多职业中,公司员工面临着他们现有技能将会过时的前景)根据倒数第二段"Vocational training has a role, but training someone early to do one thing all their lives is not the answer to lifelong learning"(职业培训有一定的作用, 但早期培训-个人一辈子只做一件事并不是终身学习的答案。)。可知,文章介绍了在现代经济时代大学文凭仍然是找工作的先决条件,但是现有技术可能会过时,要不断获取新技能,终身学习。A选项"终身学习:经济优先'最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
三、语法填空
答案：1. valuable2. avoiding3. why4. of5. be inspired6. yourself7. second8. to achieve9. bigger10. a
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章分析了懒惰的原因并介绍了克服懒惰的方法。
【小题】考查形容词。句意:懒惰是一种对做任何事情的精神抗拒,是一种由于獭惰而远离生活中有价值的部分的情况。此处作定语,修饰空后的名词,所以用形容词。故填valuable。
【小题2】考查动名词。句意:他们只是在逃避工作的过程中浪费时间和精力,而这反过来又使他们在一生中始终处于落后地位。此处作介词of的宾语,所以用动名词。故填avoiding。
【小题3】考查连接副词。句意:这就是为什么如果你想在生活中出类拔萃,就必须克服懒惰。分析句子结构可知,此句为表语从句。根据句意可知,此处意为"......的原因",引导词在从句中做状语,所以用连接副词why引导。故填why。
【小题4】考查介词。句意:由于缺乏动力,大多数人通常陷入懒惰。分析句意可知,此处用介词of构成固定短语lack of sth表示"缺乏某物"。故填of。
【小题5】考查不定式的被动语态。句意:没有比行动更能激发灵感的了。根据the way to可知,此处用不定式做后置定语,再分析句意可知此处表"被激发符合语境,所以用动不定式的被动语态。故填be inspired。
【小题6】考查反身代词。句意:如果你不想采取行动,那就在最初阶段强迫自己采取行动。此处作宾语,指代主语,所以要用反身代词。故填yourself。
【小题7】考查序数词。句意:如果你有目的地去行动而不是消磨时间,这将成为你的第二天性,懒惰将成为过去。分析句意可知,此处表示第二天性,所以用序数词。故填second。
【小题8】考查固定短语。句意:最后,如果你有实现目标的强烈愿望,你会找到实现目标的方法。根据have a desire可知,此处用have a desire to do sth意为"渴望做....."。故填to achieve。
【小题9】考查比较级。句意:所以,推动自己去实现一个比你迄今为止一直愿意追求的更大的目标。根据空格后的than可知,此处应该用形容词的比较级。故填bigger。
【小题10】考查冠词。句意:所以,现在就采取行动,克服獭惰,过上丰富多彩的生活。表示泛指,且rich是以辅音因素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词。故填a。
