2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 考点04 名词（A卷）一、填空
1.For your safety sake, please do warm activities before you take part in the formal exercise under the ____________(guide) of the coach.
2.A furnished room or house is available to be rented together with all sorts of__________(furnish) in it.
3.When a small amount of blood is taken out from a donor, the body will make quick _____________(adjust) to it.
4.Her words were a great ___________(encourage) to them.
5.After __________(graduate), he took up a job as a teacher.
6.Only if a teacher gives ________(permit) is a student allowed to enter the teacher's office.
7."The ________(major)of my patients come to me from out of town," said the doctor.
8.In the past few years, the city has changed a lot, which is almost beyond ________(recognize).
9.He adapted effortlessly to his new _______________ (surround).
10.Instead of being offered the job, he received a ___________ (reject) letter.
二、阅读理解
Students in Huonville High School in Australia are riding bikes out of desire to fight against climate change, thoroughly turning their school building into an energy efficient one.
It's paying-off time, as they've helped save $44,000 in utility bills (水电费) since they started their energy-saving activities, but it's also inspiring young people in the community to take action for the planers future.
Four hundred students in the school are involved in such a campaign, which recently won the Zayed Future Energy Prize of $133,000, some of which was used to renovate a building to serve as the Zayed Future Energy Hub. It is a clubhouse where 13 volunteers learn and teach how renewable energy can be applied to our everyday lives.
Among the large number of efficiency modifications (改造), they fixed solar panels on the roof, and replaced the old windows with double and triple ones. They added improved energy efficient curtains. Now, they even have special bikes that create electricity to cook food, which in the case of a feature in ABC News Australia, were doughnuts.
The classroom was cold in the mornings, hut the students wanted zero carbon emissions through their healing. So they went out and got a pellet (颗粒) stove, and then if that wasn't enough, they went out and built a pellet mill to make their fuel from waste sawdust(废锯末).
Although these activities don't slow global climate change at once, Nell Smith, the volunteer teacher-head of the Hub knows the practical contribution is exciting the minds of the next generation.
"This little school in the Huon Valley, is actually doing amazing things," Smith told ABC. "It's raised awareness of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and opportunities in the community for engaging them in that sort of technology."
1. What does the author mean by saying "paying-off time" Paragraph 2
A. The students earn much money from the activities.
B. The activities arouse the passion to help each other.
C. The students have successfully inspired others in society.
D. The students' efforts have produced a good result.
2. Why are energy efficient curtains mentioned in Paragraph 4
A. To reveal their beauty. B. To highlight their importance.
C. To show the students are creative. D. To present the campaign against climate change.
3. What effect would these modifications have on other teenagers
A. Disturbing. B. Challenging. C. Encouraging. D. Rewarding.
4. What can we infer about the school according to the last paragraph
A. It successfully recycles waste materials.
B. It becomes famous by fighting against climate change.
C. It sets a good example in protecting the planet.
D. It has done many amazing things.
三、语法填空
"Du Fu: China's Greatest Poet", a 58-minute film released recently on BBC introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time ①_____ the form of documentary. In the film, Michael Wood, one of BBC's most popular hosts, visited ②_____ number of Chinese cities to retrace Du's steps. The documentary invited a well-known British actor Ian McKellen, ③_____ played Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings movies, ④_____(read) 15 of Du's poems that have been translated into English.
Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China's brilliant Tang Dynasty. He had the desire to serve his country, but his life ⑤_____(destroy) by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755. Of the many ⑥_____(poem) he wrote, 500 have been preserved over the ages. For generations he ⑦_____(be) the guardian of the moral conscience (良知) of the nation.
The documentary compared Du to Shakespeare to help audiences ⑧_____(well) understand the poet's great achievements in literature. It also highlighted Chinese poetry, noting that its 3000-year-old history makes ⑨_____ the oldest poetry in the world.
Even today, people ⑩ _____(suffer) under COVID-19 are still inspired by Du Fu's poems.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：guidance
解析： 定冠词the通常加在名词前面，guide的名词形式是guidance，意为"指导；引导"，不可数名词，故填guidance.
2.答案：furniture
解析： 分析句子可知此处指"家具"，应用名词furniture, furniture是不可数名词，故填furniture.
3.答案：adjustments
解析： make adjustments to sth.调整以适应，是固定搭配。故填：adjustments.
4.答案：encouragement
解析： 考查词性转换。句意：她的话对他们是一种很大的鼓舞。encouragement意为"鼓舞，鼓励"。
5.答案：graduation
解析： 介词后接名词作宾语； graduation是不可数名词。故填：graduation.
6.答案：permission
解析： gives是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；permission是不可数名词。故填：permission.
7.答案：majority
解析： 考查名词。the majority of"大多数"，固定短语，故填：majority.
8.答案：recognition
解析： 考查名词。beyond recognition"面目全非，认不出来"，固定短语，故填：recognition.
9.答案：surroundings
解析： 考查词性,作宾语,所以用名词surroundings"环境", surround为动词, surrounding为形容词,当作名词常用复数surroundings。
10.答案：rejection
解析： 考查名词。句意：他非但没有得到那份工作，反而收到了拒绝信。分析前文语境" Instead of being offered the job（而不是得到这份工作）"可知，"他"并没有得到这份工作，而是被拒绝。" reject"，动词意为"拒绝"，其名词形式为" rejection（拒绝）"，可作定语修饰空后名词"letter信）"。" a rejection letter"，意为"拒绝信"，符合语境表达。故填 rejection。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 DDCC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第二段"It's paying-off time, as they've helped save $44,000 in utility bills(水电费) since they started their energy-saving activities ... for the planet's future."及第一段可知,学生们骑自行车以对抗气候变化,把他们的学校建筑彻底变成节能环保的建筑,这一努力帮助节约了大量的水电费且激励了其他人参与环保行动,这说明学生们的努力带来了好的结果。故选D。
2.考查写作意图。根据第四段的内容可知,energy efficient curtains是学生们进行节能改造的一个例子,通过理解第四段首句"Among the large number of efficiency modifications(改造)…"可知,提到energy efficient curtains是为了展示应对气候变化的具体的节能环保行动。故选D。
3.考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"…the practical contribution is exciting the minds of the next generation."和最后一段中的"It's raised awareness of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and opportunities in the community for engaging them in that sort of technology."可知,这所学校的学生们的环保行动激发了其他青少年的环保意识,是"鼓舞人心的"。故选C。
4.考查推理判断。根据最后一段Smith老师所说的话可知,这所学校的学生们做的事情提升了人们的节能环保意识,这种意识将会带动更多人参与环保行动。由此可知,这所学校在保护环境方面树立了良好的榜样。故选C。
三、语法填空
答案：①in ②a ③who ④to read ⑤was destroyed ⑥poems ⑦has been/is ⑧better ⑨it ⑩suffering
解析： ①考查介词。句意：第一次以纪录片的形式向西方观众介绍了杜甫。in the form of意为"以……的形式"，故填in.
②考查冠词。句意：拜访了许多中国城市以追溯杜甫的足迹.a number of许多，修饰可数名词的复数形式。故填a.
③考查定语从句。句意：该纪录片邀请到了曾在指环王系列电影中饰演甘道夫一角的英国著名演员伊恩·麦克莱恩来读15首已经译成英文的杜甫的诗。分析句子结构可知，空白处前句成分完整，后句缺少主语，有逗号隔开，应为非限制性定语从句，先行词Tan Mckellen是人名，应用关系代词who.故填who.
④考查不定式。句意：该纪录片邀请到了曾在指环王系列电影中饰演甘道夫一角的英国著名演员伊恩·麦克恩来读15首已经译成英文的杜甫的诗。分析句子可知，此处应为invite sb. to do sh.结构，意思是"邀请某人做某事"，动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to read.
⑤考查时态和语态。句意：但他的生活被公元755年的安史之乱破坏了。分析句子可知，主语his life和所给谓语动词destroy.之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且文章讲述发生在过去的事件，应用一般过去时，故填was destroyed.
⑥考查名词的数。句意：在杜甫写下的诸多诗篇中，只有500首流传至今。many后跟复数名词，故填poems.
⑦考查时态。句意：一直以来，杜甫都是中华民族道德良知的捍卫者。根据时间状语for generations可知，此处表示动作发生于过去并持续到现在，要用现在完成时，结合主语he，故填has been.
⑧考查副词比较级。句意：纪录片将杜甫与莎士比亚做比较以帮助观众们更好地理解杜甫在文学上的伟大成就。从句意上来看，纪录片通过比较的手段是为了帮助观众"更好"地理解，要用well的比较级better，故填better.
⑨考查代词。句意：指出中国诗歌以其3000年的历史成为了世界上现存最古老的诗歌。分析句子可知，动词make的含义是"使成为"，后面接复合宾语，the oldest living tradition of poetry in the world是宾语补足语，其宾语指代前面名词Chinese poetry，应用代词it代指，故填it.
⑩考查现在分词。句意：在一场采访中，导演甚至引用了杜甫的一句诗来鼓励正在新冠疫情下煎熬的人们。分析句子可知，这里suffer是非谓语动词，在句中作定语修饰名词people, suffer与people之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式，故填suffering.2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 考点04 名词（C卷）一、填空
1.Hunger and________(poor) are still main causes for a large number of deaths in modern society.
2.She packed a few _____ (belong) in a bag and left for her hometown.
3.We all looked at him with _______________(curious), wondering why he dressed up for such an informal party.
4.I hope you will accept my ___________(apologize) and that our friendship will be as good as ever before.
5.In my opinion, we should highly appreciate his______________(devote) to education.
6.As a kind and thoughtful teacher, she showed （generous) in forgiving the faults of her students.
7.I have to make a __________(complain) about the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant.
8.Practicing handwriting is of great ________ (significant) to the students' growth.
9.Now I am writing to apply for a position working as a teaching ______________ (assist).
10.In order to have a good _______(perform), I have made good preparations for it.
二、阅读理解
I have frequently taught Research Methods and Design to college students at several institutions. I love teaching this course. One reason, of course , is that I enjoy thinking about research methodology(方法学)and sharing it with others. The other reason ,however, is the obvious impact that it has on students. Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: "I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true How do they know Is this a well-designed study ' " That is what I want the students to achieve in this course.
This brings to mind something written by Dorothy L. Sayers in 1948. One of her books, The Lost Tools of Learning. speaks to Sayers' thoughts on education. “By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence."
We are well past the 1940s ,but her observation is still relevant. Sayers' point is well taken. In the world of 24-hour news and social media that often resembles(类似)the Wild West, the ability to carry out evaluations has never been more important. In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well ,and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methods and Design course, they are generally not content to read all those research article I give. However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities.
1.What is the author's course goal for her students
A.Thinking critically. B.Reading deeply.
C.Designing studies well. D.Questioning themselves.
2.What did Sayers imply about education
A.It was boring. B.It was worrying.
C.It was conventional. D.It was useless.
3.What does the underlined word " distortions" in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Popular news. B.Various evaluations.
C.Persuasive arguments. D.Misleading information.
4.Why does the author write the text
A.To review a book. B.To introduce a writer.
C.To suggest a practical skill. D.To criticize social media.
三、语法填空
One question type that appears on SAT and ACT involves vocabulary. One of the ①_______(easy) and most natural ways to broaden your vocabulary is by ②_______ (simple) reading more. If the test you are going to take ③_______ (use) texts from literary works, the best way to prepare is to increase your familiarity with these kinds of works. ④_______ (choose) a book from earlier times, such as The Great Gatsby and mark seemingly important words ⑤_______ are unfamiliar to you. Also, mark any words that look familiar but do not quite fit ⑥_______ context. Look ⑦_______ these words in a dictionary and write down the sentence in which you encountered the word. You can then use that sentence when ⑧_______ (study).
If you are not a greedy reader, there are still ⑨_______ (technique) you can use to improve your vocabulary. Keep your ears open for new words you hear on the news, radio or in everyday conversation. Try to infer their meaning from context but always check with a dictionary. Then, try to use those words ⑩_______ (you).
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：poverty
解析： 考查名饲。句意：在现代社会，饥饿和贫穷仍然是造成大量死亡的主要原因。空处作主语，表示"贫穷"应填名词poverty，表抽象概念不可数。故填poverty。
2.答案：belongings
解析： 句意：她几乎没有在包里放行李就离开了家乡。few“几乎没有"后面跟可数名词复数belong是动词，需要转换为名词belonging并写成复数形式。故填belongings。
3.答案：curiosity
解析： 设空处在句中做介词with的宾语，应填名词。with curiosity“好奇地"。故填curiosity。
4.答案：apology
解析： 分析句子结构可知，空格处被形容词性物主代词my所修饰，作动词accept的宾语，应用所给词的名词形式。故答案为：apology。
5.答案：devotion
解析： 设空处在句中做宾语，且设空前是形容词性物主代词，故填名词devotion。
6.答案：generosity
解析： 考查名词。句意：作为一个和蔼体贴的老师，她总是宽容地原谅学生的错误。分析可知，此处应用名词作为show的宾语，generosity“慷慨，宽容"，抽象概念，不可数。故generosity。
7.答案：complaint
解析： 所给词complain是动词，设空前有不定冠词a修饰，应用名词complaint作动词make的宾语，make a complaint about"就……提出投诉"。故填complaint。
8.答案：significance
解析： 所给词significant是形容词，设空前有形容词great修饰，应用名词significance作介词of的宾语；"be of+抽象名词"相当于"be+该抽象名词所对应的形容词"， be of great significance=be very significant，表示"意义重大的"，故填significance。
9.答案：assistant
解析： 所给词assist为动词，设空前有a teaching修饰，根据句意应填单数名词assistant，指"助理；助手"，a teaching assistant"教学助理；助教"，故填assistant。
10.答案：performance
解析：所给词perform为动词，设空前有a good修饰，应用单数名词performance作动词have的宾语，故填performance。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C
解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段中的Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her:“I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking 'Is this true How do they know Is this a well designed study "(学期,一名(如果不是更多的话)学生都会告诉我这门课程对他她有何影响:“我过去只是读文章,相信他们说的话,但现在我发现自己在问这是真的吗 他们怎么知道的 这是一项精心设计的研究吗 )'和第三段中的In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.(为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们,并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点,我们必须能够很好地推理,仔细地思考和作出判断)可知,第一段学生说的话表明,学生听完老师的课,学会对所读文章进行反思,质疑文章的真实性等,结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断,说明批判性思考正是作者想让学生在她的课上学到的。故选A项。
2.推理判断题。由第二段中的"By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.(通过教我们的年轻男女阅读,我们让他们听任印刷文字的摆布。通过电影和收音机的发明,我们已经确定,对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义:他们情感上是文字的受害者,而不是在智力上是文字的主人)"可知,Sayers认为教育让年轻男女听任印刷文字的摆布,他们情感上是文字的受害者,在智力上未成为文字的主人,说明当时的教育状况是令人担忧的。故选B项。
3.词句猜测题。由第二段中的"By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.(通过电影和收音机的发明,我们已经确定,对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义:他们情感上是文字的受害者,而不是在智力上是文字的主人)'和第三段中的"In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.(为了抵制媒体不断用distortions轰炸我们,并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点,我们必须能够很好地推理,仔细地思考和作出判断)可知,在媒体信息下,不知道文字含义的人们容易成为文字的受害者,作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断,才能提出一个有说服力的论点,说明媒体给人们提供了“误导性信息(Misleading information)",因此人们需要批判性思考信息是对是错,distortions意为"Misleading information"。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。由第一段中的"Every term, one(if not more)student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: "I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking 'Is this true How do they know Is this a well designed study "(学期,一名(如果不是更多的话)学生都会告诉我这门课程对他她有何影响:“我过去只是读文章,相信他们说的话,但现在我发现自己在问‘这是真的吗 他们怎么知道的 这是一项精心设计的研究吗 ')和第三段中的'In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.(为了抵制媒体不断用歪曲的事实轰炸我们,并且能够提出一个有说服力的论点,我们必须能够很好地推理,仔细地思考和作出判断)可知,第一段学生说的话表明,学生听完老到师的课,学会对所读文章进行反思,质疑文章的真实性等,结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断,说明作者想让学生在她的课上学到批判性思考,再结合最后一段中的“However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities.(然而,在课程结束时,他们对新获得的能力感到兴奋)呼应第一段的内容可知,作者的写作目的在于建议读者掌握一项实用的技能—批判性思考。故选C项。
三、语法填空
答案：1. easiest2. simply3. uses4. Choose5. that/which6. the7. up8. studying9. techniques10. yourself
解析： ①考查形容词最高级。句意：扩大词汇量最简单、最自然的方法之一就是多读书。前面有one of the，所以用形容词最高级作定语，故填easiest.
②考查副词。句意：扩大词汇量最简单、最自然的方法之一就是多读书。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填simply.
③考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你要参加的考试使用的是文学作品中的文本，那么最好的准备方法就是增加你对这类作品的熟悉度。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为the test，故填uses.
④考查祈使句。句意：选择一本早期的书，比如《了不起的盖茨比》，并标出你不熟悉的看似重要的单词。本句为祈使句，和后面的mark并列，所以用动词原形开头，故填Choose.
⑤考查定语从句。句意：选择一本早期的书，比如《了不起的盖茨比》，并标出你不熟悉的看似重要的单词。先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which.
⑥考查冠词。句意：另外，标记任何看起来熟悉但不太符合上下文的单词。特指上下文的语境，所以用定冠词，故填the.
⑦考查固定搭配。句意：在字典里查这些词，并写下你遇到这个词的句子。look up查字典，为固定搭配，故填up.
⑧考查现在分词。句意：你可以在学习的时候用这个句子。study和句子主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填studying.
⑨考查名词的数。句意：如果你不是一个贪婪的读者，还有一些技巧可以用来提高你的词汇量。本句为there be句型，谓语为are，所以主语为复数名词，故填techniques.
⑩考查反身代词。句意：然后，试着自己用这些词。本句为祈使句，主语为y0u，所以用反身代词，故填yourself.2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 考点04 名词（B卷）一、填空
1.We need to realize that the issue isn't lack of ________(create).
2.It is not rational to draw the _____ (conclude) without deep consideration.
3.She was unable to give the police a __________(describe) of the attacker because she had no memory of what had happened to her.
4.The customer asked for the dress in the shopping window, but the assistant made no _______(respond), and carried on with her chatting.
5.No one knows how the world came into ________(exist).
6.Chinese architects are getting international______ (recognize)．
7.It's healthier to release _______ (frustrate) than to bottle it up.
8.I made a ________(commit) to him to pay off all of the debt.
9.No one shall enter the room without__________(permit) .
10.Athens, the capital city of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western________(civil).
二、阅读理解
The world's clocks mark every passing second. minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes. and hours spent at a party can end in a blink.
The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this "subjective time" is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.
Research already suggests that on average wealthy people live longer biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more "time codes（编码）" in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.
"Even though time flies when you're having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience," says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology's Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He's part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.
The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don't measure time using clocks — many cultures rely instead on celestial（天空的）, cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. "Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances. and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in," says Chris Sinha, a cognitive（认知）scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called "event-based time" in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.
But other experts aren't convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro- economies at Claremont Graduate University subjective time isn't well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren't necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire for instance may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn't likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.
What's more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences can simply wear off.
Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare — and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. "The human brain is the most complex biological system we know." he says.
1. What do we know about "subjective time" from the passage
A. It has nothing to do with one's income. B. Its pace is influenced by a person's mood.
C. It is a thing that is completely understood. D. It marks every passing second for a person.
2. How can income influence a person, according to some researchers
A. Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.
B. Wealthy people may feel life is relatively longer psychologically.
C. Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.
D. Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.
3. What is Monica Capra's opinion
A. She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time,
B. She doesn't believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.
C. She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.
D. She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.
4. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Researchers are exploring the mysteries of memory.
B. Many factors can influence how you feel time.
C. Your subjective time may depend on your income.
D. The brain can change your feeling of time.
三、语法填空
Lao Gan Ma Food Company ①________(found) in Guiyang in Guizhou Province in 1984. Its creator, Tao Huabi, ②________ face appears on each bottle of the chili (红辣椒) oil, has recently drawn public attention again. Nearly every Chinese person knows Lao Gan Ma, a ③________ (huge) popular chili oil that hit the shelves in 1996. Often ④________ (use) in a terrible dish, a small spoon of Lao Gan Ma can save the dish and turn it into something ⑤________ (taste).
Lao Gan Ma found ⑥________ (it) way into supermarkets not only in China, but also in foreign ⑦________ (country) where it also has many followers. On Amazon, com, Lao Gan Ma is rated 4.9 out of 5 stars. Many foreigners claim that Lao Gan Ma is the best chili sauce they have ever tasted.
Tao started her business at the age of 50, basing her recipe ⑧________ traditional chili oil from Guizhou. Like Gree's president Dong Mingzhu, who also started her business career much ⑨________ (late) than her peers, Tao is a good example to young people, especially women, attempting ⑩________ (achieve) their dreams.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：creativity
解析： 考查名词。句意：我们需要认识到问题不在于缺少创造性。结合句意可知，lack of缺少，缺乏，后跟名词作宾语，creativity"创造性"，抽象概念，不可数。故填creativity。
2.答案：conclusion
解析： 根据空格前定冠词the可知，应用名词conclusion作宾语，特指"这个结论"，是单数意义，用名词单数，短语draw the conclusion"得出结论"，故填conclusion.
3.答案：description
解析： 考查名词。句意：她无法向警方描述袭击者的模样，因为她不记得自己身上发生了什么事。根据句意和空前的冠词a可知，空处填名词，"描述"的名词为description.。故填description。
4.答案：response
解析： 考查名词。句意：顾客在购物橱窗里要那件衣服，但是售货员没有回答，继续聊天。动词made后需接名词作宾语，respond的名词为response"回答"，make no response没有回答，固定搭配。故填response。
5.答案：existence
解析： 句意：没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。come into existence出现；存在；产生，是固定搭配。故填：existence.
6.答案：recognition
解析： 本题主要考查名词。结合句意，中国建筑师正在获得国际认可。填空处位于形容词international 之后，故应填recognize的名词形式recognition，意为"认可"。故正确答案为recognition。
7.答案：frustration
解析： 句意：受挫折后发泄一通比强忍着对身体有益。release是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；frustration是可数名词，根据句中it要用单数形式。故填：frustration.
8.答案：commitment
解析： 句意：我向他承诺按时支付我的账单。考查单词填空commit，动词，承诺，保证。前面是冠词a，所以用名词形式commitment。have a commitment to sb对……做出承诺。故填commitment。
9.答案：permission
解析： 句意：未经允许，任何人不得进入这个房间。考查名词辨析。permission准许；许可。without为介词，后可接名词。结合句意，故填permission。
10.答案：civilization
解析： 考查名词。句意：雅典是希腊的首都，以西方文明的发源地而闻名。形容词修饰名词，作介词of的宾语，故填civilization。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 BCBA
解析：1. 细节理解题。根据第二段"The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this "subjective time" is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.（大脑会因为许多原因而延长或挤压时间的感觉，包括快乐、痛苦、恐惧和年龄。虽然这种"主观时间"背后的科学原理还没有被完全理解，但一些研究表明，还有一个额外的因素可能会影响你的主观寿命：你的收入）"可知，"主观时间"的节奏受人的情绪影响。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段"Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more "time codes（编码）" in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.（研究已经表明，从生物学角度来看，富人平均寿命更长。现在，新的研究表明，在人脑处理记忆形成的过程中，各种各样的新奇经历可以创造出更多的"时间代码"。反过来，这可能意味着，那些有能力享受更多假期和爱好的人，以及拥有更多刺激工作的人，将回忆起在地球上生活的时间更长）"可知，根据一些研究人员的说法，富人往往比穷人有更好的回忆。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段"A millionaire for instance may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn't likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would.（例如，百万富翁可能会花钱买一块漂亮的手表，但这不太可能像度假甚至是一次低成本的徒步旅行那样改变他们对时间的感觉）"可知，Monica Capra不相信有钱人可以买到美好的回忆。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章最后一段"Still researchers from many, fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time.（尽管如此，许多领域的研究人员仍渴望揭开记忆和主观时间的奥秘）"可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是研究人员正在探索记忆的奥秘。故选A项。
三、语法填空
答案：1. was founded2. whose3. hugely4. used5. tasty6. its7. countries8. on/upon9. later10. to achieve
解析：①考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语"Lao Gan Ma Food Company"和动词found之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据句中的时间状语"in 1984"可知，此处应用一般过去时；且主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单三形式。故填was founded。
②考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是"Tao Hua bi'"，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词face，故应用whose引导该从句。故填whose。
③考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词popular。故填hugely。
④考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语"a small spoon of Lao Gan Ma"和动词use之间为被动关系，应用动词的过去分词形式。故填used。
⑤考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作后置定语，修饰不定代词something。故填tasty。
⑥考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词way。故填its。
⑦考查名词的单复数。句意为：老干妈不仅找到了进入中国超市的方法，也找到了进入其拥有众多追随者的国外市场的方法。country为可数名词，其前无冠词修饰，此处应用其复数形试。故填countries。
⑧考查介词。base...on/upon...是固定搭配，意为"……以……为基础"。故填on/upon。
⑨考查副词的比较等级。分析句子结构可知，此处是副词修饰动词started；再根据下文中的"than"可知，此处应用副词的比较级形式。故填later。
⑩考查非谓语动词。attempt to do sth.是固定搭配，意为"企图做某事，试图做某事"。故填to achieve。
