专题三 考点05 主谓一致（C卷）
一、填空
1.The father as well as his children ___________________(go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
2.Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, _____ (be) not able to solve the problem.
3.The designer, as well as the models, __________(interview) shortly after they finished their amazing performance.
4.The teacher, together with some of her students, _______________(be) preparing for their performance now.
5.To learn one or two foreign languages__________(be) very important nowadays.
6.Most people ____________________ (attract) to the wonderful Internet world.
7.He __________________ (improve) his spoken English since he came to senior high school.
8.His study shows that when robins (知更鸟) _________(expose) to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.
9.Such poets as Shakespeare ______ (be) always popular among readers.
10.I _________(walk) in the street when someone called my name, and it turned out to be my friend Jack.
二、阅读理解
It would be nice if eating a particular food could magically protect you against all the boring illnesses. It's not that simple, of course. Hand washing remains your best defense against picking up illnesses, and sleep is a strong defense too. But what you eat does play an important part. Though it isn't because of just one or two foods, what you eat in your daily diet have an effect on how weak or strong your immunity(免疫力)is.
We'd better eat fruits and vegetables every day. They contain key vitamins needed in the immune system. For example, Vitamin C and Ain foods help immune system work well to keep us healthy. Remember that eating the actual fruit or veggie is better than eating single-vitamin supplements(补品).
Getting too little protein(蛋白质) can weaken your immune system. Protein-rich foods supply the amino acids(氨基酸)you need to build important proteins in the body. Animal foods like beef and pork also contain zinc(锌), which your body uses to make t-cells.
Fermented foods are foods that are naturally protected by bacteria(细菌), and they're good for the micro biome(微生物).That's the name for the bacteria that live in your stomach, where a lot of cells in immunity actually live. Fermented foods like yogurt help beneficial bacteria develop fast in the stomach, leaving less room for harmful bacteria.
1.What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us
A.Hand washing is necessary.
B.Illnesses make people bored.
C.Immunity has much to do with your diet.
D.More sleep does good to health.
2.Why does the writer suggest we eat fruits and vegetables every day
A.They are rich in vitamins we need.
B.Vitamin A is helpful for immunity.
C.Fruits supply our body with Vitamin C only.
D.Eating single-vitamin foods does little good.
3.What can we infer from paragraph 3
A.Amino acids can help to make t-cells.
B.Healthy body needs plenty of protein.
C.The immune system can be hurt easily.
D.We should eat animal foods as many as possible.
4.What is the main idea of the text
A.Different foods have different uses.
B.Fruits and vegetables keep us healthy.
C.Many illnesses do harm to the immunity.
D.Proper daily diet protects our immune system.
三、语法填空
In the past 40 years, the power of China ①_____(see) by the world. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, our country has become one of the strongest countries of the world from an ②_____(extreme) poor one, including economy, military and science and technology. With a rapid development of our country, some western countries especially the USA are not ③_____(will) to see a powerful China, so they make troubles for China in all aspects in the international society. But our country is not what she used to be now, we will never give in ④_____ any stress.
Our country showed its advantage of socialism system again in 2020, ⑤_____ the COVID-19 broke out quickly in the world. Unfortunately, many western countries were wondering ⑥_____ to do at that time while people from all ⑦_____(walk) of life in China worked together to take action. So we could get the epidemic ⑧_____(control) quickly and began to recover our economy. During this period, many heroes like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan, ⑨_____ didn't think about their personal safety, became "the most beautiful reverse-walkers". We are proud of them, ⑩_____ we also take pride in our country.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：goes
解析：考查主谓一致。句意:冬天的每个星期天下午,这位父亲和他的孩子们都会在冰冻的河面上滑冰。as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
2.答案：is/was
解析：句意为：不只是我和你，还有我们年级最优秀的学生彼得，都不能解出这道题。not only...but also...连接主语时，谓语动词的人称和数根据就近原则来确定，即谓语动词的人称和数常与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致，所以此处谓语动词的数应和Peter保持一致，故应用单数。
3.答案：was interviewed
解析：设计师和模特们在刚刚完成了他们的令人惊异的表演后立刻就被采访了。此题考查主谓一致。as well as连接两个并列主语时，其后的谓语动词与其前面的主语保持一致。根据句意这是已经发生了的事情，而且interview与主语designer之间又是动宾关系，因此应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故此题答案为was interviewed。
4.答案：is
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：老师和她的一些学生正在为他们的表演做准备。本句的主语是the teacher，介词短语together with后面的名词对谓语单复数没有影响。故填is。
5.答案：is
解析：句意:学习一两门外语在今天是很重要的。非谓语动词(不定动名词)作主语，谓语动词用is，故填is。
6.答案：are attracted
解析：考查固定短语。句意：大多数人都被精彩的网络世界所吸引。本句主语与谓语动词被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填are attracted。
7.答案：has improved
解析：考查动词时态语态。句意：自从他上高中以来，他的英语口语提高了。根据下文since he came to senior high school可知应用现在完成时，主语为he，故填has improved。
8.答案：are exposed
解析：句意:他的研究表明,当知更鸟在实验室中在夜间暴露在灯光下时,这会导致它的一些基因在一天中错误的时间活跃。此处用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are exposed。
9.答案：are
解析：考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语为poets，故谓语动词应用复数形式。
10.答案：was walking
解析：考查固定句型。句意:我正在街上走, 突然有人叫我的名字，原来是我的朋友Jack。此处为"be doing... when..."句型，意为"正在做……，这时突然……，其中when为并列连词。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.主旨大意题。第一段的中心部分是"But what you eat does play an important part. Though it isn't because of just one or two foods, what you eat in your daily diet have an effect on how weak or strong your immunity(免疫力)is."。由此可知,你每天的饮食会影响你的免疫力的强弱。因此第一段主要介绍饮食和免疫力息息相关。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"We'd better eat fruits and vegetables every day. They contain key vitamins needed in the immune system.可知,水果和蔬菜里包含免疫系统所需要的重要维生素。因此,作者建议天天吃水果和蔬菜。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Getting too little protein(蛋白质)can weaken your immune system. Protein-rich foods supply the amino acids(氨基酸you need to build important proteins in the body."可知,摄入太少的蛋白质会削弱你的免疫系统。由此推知,想要健康的,就要有好的免疫系统,就需要摄入足够的蛋白质。结合选项,B选项表达此意。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。第一段的最后一句"what you eat in your daily diet have an effect on how weak or strong your immunity(免疫力)is"是文章的中心句。下面三段分别介绍了水果蔬菜,富含蛋白质的食物和发酵食品和我们的免疫力的关系。D选项"适当的日常饮食可以保护我们的免疫系统"可以表达此意。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：①has been seen ②extremely ③willing ④to ⑤when ⑥what ⑦walks ⑧controlled/controlled ⑨who ⑩and
解析：①考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的40年里,中国的力量被世界所看到。根据时间状语"In the past 40 years"可知,使用现在完成时,主语the power of China和see为被动关系,使用被动语态,主语为不可数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式,故填has been seen。
②考查副词。句意:在中国共产党的领导下,我国从一个极其贫穷的国家,包括经济、军事和科学技术,发展成为世界上最强大的国家之一。修饰形容词poor,需用副词作状语,故填extremely。
③考查形容词。句意:随着我国的快速发展,一些西方国家特别是美国不愿意看到一个强大的中国,所以他们在国际社会上给中国制造了方方面面的麻烦。be willing to do sth.为固定短语,意为:愿意做某事,故填willing。
④考查介词。句意:但我们的国家已经不是过去的样子了,我们决不会屈服于任何压力。give in to为固定短语,意为:屈服于,向......让步,故填to。
⑤考查定语从句。句意:2020年,新冠肺炎疫情在全球迅速爆发,我国社会主义制度优势再次显现。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词in 2020在定语从句中作时间状语,需用关系副词when引导,故填when。
⑥考查疑问词加不定式的结构。句意:不幸的是,当时许多西方国家都在想该怎么办,而中国各行各业的人却在齐心协力采取行动。"疑问词+动词不定式"结构作动词宾语,do后面缺少宾语,需用what,故填what。
⑦考查名词。句意:不幸的是,当时许多西方国家都在想该怎么办,而中国各行各业的人却在齐心协力采取行动。walks of life为固定用法,意为:各行各业,故填walks。
⑧考查过去分词。句意:这样我们就能迅速控制疫情,开始恢复经济。get sth. done为固定用法,空格处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,the epidemic和control为逻辑上的动宾关系,需用过去分词形式,故填controlled/controled。
⑨考查定语从句。句意:在这一时期,许多像钟南山、李兰娟这样不顾个人安危的英雄,成为了"最美逆行者"。空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词heroes指人,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词who引导,故填who。
⑩考查并列连词。句意:我们为他们感到骄傲,我们也为我们的国家感到骄傲。上下文之间是顺承关系,需用连词and连接两个句子,故填and。2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 考点05 主谓一致（A卷）
一、填空
1.So far this week, I _______(sell) many different kinds of pets.
2.The result of the event _____(predict) several months before.
3.Trees _____(plant) by them at this time yesterday.
4.Not only the students but also the teacher _____ (be) interested in the story.
5.He _____(appoint) to a very important post in the branch office, where he would improve himself better.
6.Although it is not an official Olympic event, this is the first time that wushu _____(come) so close to the Olympics.
7.In Canada, a massive amount of money _________(have) been spent on preserving the forest.
8.What may surprise you _____ (be) that I'm going to the US this July!
9.Collecting stamps as a hobby _____(become) increasingly popular during the past fifty years.
10.Is there any time you ________(envelop) in grief and you just want your friends to accompany you
二、阅读理解
Around the world, many people come together on 3lst December to celebrate the coming of the New Year, which is called Hogmanay in Scotland. The tradition of Hogmanay comes from Viking times and the celebration is more popular than Christmas in Scotland.
On Hogmanay's Eve, family members throughout Scotland will get together to "bring in the bells". The phrase in Scotland refers to the ten-second countdown to midnight when bells ring all over Scotland to signal the beginning of the New Year. The atmosphere can only be described as electric! It is such an exciting event and all of the people are in a good mood as they wait to bring in the New Year bells!
Then most towns in Scotland have celebrations with fireworks in the evening, but in the bigger Scottish cities, other events take place.
The best-known event for Hogmanay is the annual Edinburgh Street Party. Every year, Edinburgh hosts a joyful firework show and other celebrating activities outside of the castle and it is broadcast on TV for those watching the celebration from their homes.
Another very popular event takes place in Stonehaven, where there is a "Fireball Ceremony" which takes place along the street. Around forty men and women come together and wave fireballs around their heads, which is wonderful to witness! People line the streets hours beforehand to see the festival which begins immediately after midnight on December 3lst.
On New Year's Day in Scotland, it is traditional to have a meal with the family. They always eat a steak pie with vegetables. Another tradition that has to be mentioned is the "First Footing" tradition. Also from the time of the Vikings, this is the tradition where the first person to enter the home after Hogmanay has to bring something Scottish with them, otherwise it brings bad luck for the coming year. People are usually very generous with their first footing gifts such as ginger wine, Scottish whisky and homemade shortbread.
1. What will the family members do right before the midnight of 3lst December
A. Have a big dinner party. B. Ring the bells at home.
C. Count down the last ten seconds. D. Set off fireworks outside.
2. What can we know about the Edinburgh Street Party
A. It is a firework show. B. It is a fireball ceremony.
C. It is a well-known gathering. D. It is a popular TV show.
3. Which is the traditional thing for the Scottish New Year meal
A. Steak pies with vegetables. B. Homemade shortbread.
C. Ginger wine. D. Scottish whisky.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Hogmanay: the Scottish New Year B. The Origin of the Scottish New Year
C. First Footing: an Old Scottish Tradition D. Different Ways of New Year Celebrations
三、语法填空
A 13-year study of early childhood development ①_________(make) by Harvard University has shown that, by the age of three, most children have the big potential ②_________ (understand) about 1,000 words-most of the language they will use in ordinary conversation for the rest of their lives.
Furthermore, research has shown that while every child is born with a natural curiosity, it can decline ③_________ (great) during the second and third years of life. Researchers say that the human personality ④_________ (form) during the first two years of life, and during the first three years children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home ⑤_________ school.
⑥_________ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system. As a result of the research evidence of the ⑦_________ (important) of the first three years of a child's life, a pilot programme ⑧_________ focused on parents as the child's first teachers started in the US. As the programme shows, working with the family, rather than bypassing the parents, ⑨_________ (be) the most effective way of ⑩_________ (help) children get off to the best possible start in life.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：have sold
解析：考查时态。句意:这周到目前为止,我已经卖出了很多不同种类的宠物。分析可知,设空处为谓语,根据时间状语,应用现在完成时,主语是I,谓语用复数形式,故填have sold。
2.答案：has been predicted
解析：句意为: 这次事件的结果几个月前就有人预测过了。根据several months before可知, 设空处表示过去的某个时间之前已发生的动作, 且与The result of the event之间为被动关系, 故应用"had been+过去分词"构成过去完成时的被动语态。
3.答案：were being planted
解析：根据时间状语at this time yesterday可知, 该空需要填过去进行时, 且主语Trees与plant为被动关系, 应用被动语态, 故填were being planted。
4.答案：is
解析：is not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词要依据"就近原则"确定。
5.答案：was appointed
解析：考查时态和语态。句意: 他在分公司被任命了一个非常重要的职位, 在那里他会更好地提升自己。be appointed to"被任命为......"。根据would可知, 应用一般过去时, 故填was appointed。
6.答案：has come
解析：考查时态。句意: 武术虽然不是官方奥运会项目, 但这是它第一次距离奥运会这么近。this is the first/second/...time that..."这是第一/二......次......", that从句应用现在完成时。
7.答案：has
解析： 句意：在加拿大，大量资金已被用于保护森林。"an amount of +名词"作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
8.答案：is
解析：考查主谓一致。句意: 或许让你惊讶的是我今年七月要去美国了。what may surprise you从句做主语, 谓语用单数, 又根据时间状语this July可知, 要用现在时, 故填is。
9.答案：has become
解析：句子主语为动名词短语, 谓语动词应用单数。再由时间状语during the past fifty years可知句子应用现在完成时。故填has become。
10.答案：are enveloped
解析：考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意:你有没有这种时候:你被悲伤笼罩,只想让你的朋友陪伴你 主语为you, envelop为动词,意为"包围,笼罩",与空前的you之间为被动关系。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 CCAA
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第二段中"On Hogmanay's Eve. family members throughout Scotland will get together to"bring in the bells"The phrase in Scotland refers to the ten-second countdown to midnight when bells ring all over Scotland to signal the beginning of the New Year.(在除夕之夜，苏格兰各地的家庭成员都会聚在一起"倒数敲钟"，在苏格兰，这个短语指的是午夜倒计时10秒，苏格兰各地钟声响起，标志着新年的开始）"可知，在12月31日午夜之前，家庭成员会倒数最后十秒。故选C。
2.细节理解题。 根据第四段"The best-known event for Hogmanay is the annual Edinburgh Street Party. Every year, Edinburgh hosts a joyful firework show and other celebrating activities outside of the castle and it is broadcast on TV for those watching the celebration from their homes.(最著名的节日是一年一度的爱丁堡街派对。每年，爱丁堡都会在城堡外举办一场欢乐的烟火表演和其他庆祝活动，并通过电视向在家观看庆祝活动的人们转播）"可知，爱丁堡街派对是一个著名的聚会。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中"They always eat a steak pie with vegetables.(他们总是吃牛排馅饼配蔬菜）"可知，苏格兰新年大餐的传统是牛排馅饼配蔬菜。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段"Around the world, many people come together on 3lst December to celebrate the coming of the New Year. which is called Hogmanay in Scotland. The tradition of Hogmanay comes from Viking times and the celebration is more popular than Christmas in Scotland.(在世界各地，许多人在12月3日聚集在一起庆祝新年的到来，这在苏格兰被称为Hogmanay。Hogmanay的传统来自维京时代，在苏格兰庆祝比圣诞节更受欢迎)"结合文章主要介绍了苏格兰的新年节日，包括时间、人们的庆祝方式等。A选项"Hogmanay：苏格兰的新年"最符合文章标题。故选A。
三、语法填空
答案：1. made 2.to understand 3.greatly 4. is formed 5. and 6. It 7. importance 8.that/which 9.is 10. helping
解析： ①考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学进行的一项为期13年的儿童早期发展研究表明，到3岁时，大多数儿童具有理解大约1000个单词的巨大潜力—这是他们在以后的生活中会在日常对话中使用的大部分语言。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词has shown，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词study，二者为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填made。
②考查非谓语动词。句意同上。修饰名词potential，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to understand。
③考查副词。句意：此外，研究表明，虽然每个孩子天生就有好奇心，但在二、三岁的时候，好奇心会大大减弱。修饰动词decline，需填副词greatly作状语。故填greatly。
④考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员说，人的个性是在两岁前形成的，在三岁前，孩子们学会了他们以后在家里和学校里所学到的基本技能。根据say可知，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语the human personality和form为被动关系，且谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is formed。
⑤考查连词。句意同上。both...and...为固定短语，意为"两者都"。故填and。
⑥考查代词。句意：人们普遍认为，社会经济背景较差的年轻人在我们的教育体系中往往表现不佳。It为形式主语，that引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填It。
⑦考查名词。句意：由于研究证明了孩子生命前三年的重要性，美国开始了一项以家长为中心的试点项目，这是孩子的第一任老师。the importance of为固定用法，意为"……的重要性"。importance意为"重要性"，表抽象概念，不可数。故填importance。
⑧考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词a pilot programme，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
⑨考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：正如节目所显示的那样，与家庭合作而不是绕过父母，是帮助孩子在人生的最好开端最有效的方法。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，rather than连接两个主语时，遵循就远原则，主语是动名词短语"working with the family"，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意同上。of为介词，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填helping。2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题三 考点05 主谓一致（B卷）
一、填空
1.The number of expressions he learned last year ________ (be) no more than 500.
2.Whether we can raise enough money to carry out the project ________(remain) to be discussed.
3.My teacher said water _________(boil) at 100℃.
4.As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area _________(need) repairing.
5.Either you or one of your students_____ (be) to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
6.While more people have quit smoking, signs prohibiting smoking ____________(be) still a common sight in restaurants and shopping centers.
7.The world's elderly population will exceed that of children by 2060, when each group ________(expect) to account for about one fifth of the population.
8.When writing an essay, we must make sentences that _____________(be) grammatically correct.
9.Between the two buildings __________(stand) a tall pine.
10.Mr. White along with his two sons ____________(be) fond of football, and they often go to watch football matches.
二、阅读理解
Students in Huonville High School in Australia are riding bikes out of desire to fight against climate change, thoroughly turning their school building into an energy efficient one.
It's paying-off time, as they've helped save $44,000 in utility bills (水电费) since they started their energy-saving activities, but it's also inspiring young people in the community to take action for the planers future.
Four hundred students in the school are involved in such a campaign, which recently won the Zayed Future Energy Prize of $133,000, some of which was used to renovate a building to serve as the Zayed Future Energy Hub. It is a clubhouse where 13 volunteers learn and teach how renewable energy can be applied to our everyday lives.
Among the large number of efficiency modifications (改造), they fixed solar panels on the roof, and replaced the old windows with double and triple ones. They added improved energy efficient curtains. Now, they even have special bikes that create electricity to cook food, which in the case of a feature in ABC News Australia, were doughnuts.
The classroom was cold in the mornings, hut the students wanted zero carbon emissions through their healing. So they went out and got a pellet (颗粒) stove, and then if that wasn't enough, they went out and built a pellet mill to make their fuel from waste sawdust(废锯末).
Although these activities don't slow global climate change at once, Nell Smith, the volunteer teacher-head of the Hub knows the practical contribution is exciting the minds of the next generation.
"This little school in the Huon Valley, is actually doing amazing things," Smith told ABC. "It's raised awareness of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and opportunities in the community for engaging them in that sort of technology."
1. What does the author mean by saying "paying-off time" Paragraph 2
A. The students earn much money from the activities.
B. The activities arouse the passion to help each other.
C. The students have successfully inspired others in society.
D. The students' efforts have produced a good result.
2. Why are energy efficient curtains mentioned in Paragraph 4
A. To reveal their beauty. B. To highlight their importance.
C. To show the students are creative. D. To present the campaign against climate change.
3. What effect would these modifications have on other teenagers
A. Disturbing. B. Challenging. C. Encouraging. D. Rewarding.
4. What can we infer about the school according to the last paragraph
A. It successfully recycles waste materials.
B. It becomes famous by fighting against climate change.
C. It sets a good example in protecting the planet.
D. It has done many amazing things.
三、语法填空
"That is a sleeping dragon." Napoleon, ①_____ was the future French emperor, once said. "Let him sleep! If he wakes, he will shake the world." In 1803, he recognized China's potential. In charge ②_____the greatest military and economic power of his day, Napoleon had an eye for opponents. Now, China's total domestic product passed ③_____ of both Britain and France. If Napoleon arrived in Beijing today, he would ④_____ (undoubted) say, "I told you so."
Nowhere is China's influence more apparent than Beijing. As China's ⑤_____ (politics) and cultural center of China, Beijing offers a quick look into the nation's expansive history and its rapid ⑥_____ (develop). You'll find preserved palaces spreading elbows with new subway stations and peaceful lamaseries(藏传佛教寺院) ⑦_____ (share) space with world-class stadiums. Many of the city's historical sites, such as the Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, ⑧_____ (be) well-known to the world. Yet, the most popular attraction ⑨_____ (locate) outside Beijing: The Great Wall of China winds through the hills north of the city. When you witness this ⑩_____ (astonish) accomplishment of ancient China, you too will sense the great potential of this modern country.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：was
解析： the number of 修饰名词做主语，谓语用单数形式，又句中时间状语是last year，故该句用一般过去时，故填was。
2.答案：remains
解析：remain表示"依然；保持"，主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且指的是现在的情况，要用一般现在时第三人称单数形式．故填 remains．
3.答案：boils
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:我的老师说水在100℃沸腾。分析句子结构可知,said后是省略了关系词的宾语从句,从句中的的主语"water"是不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数形式;水在100℃沸腾是客观事实,应用一般现在时。 boil在句中意为"沸腾",是不及物动词,无被动用法。故填boils。
4.答案：need
解析：考查主谓一致。句意为:由于严重的洪水,这个地区三分之二的建筑物需要修复。主语"two thirds of the buildings"表示复数概念,所以谓语动词应用复数形式。故填need。
5.答案：is
解析：考查主谓一致。句意: 要么是你, 要么是你的一个学生要去参加明天举行的会议。either...or...连接两个主语, 按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。所以和one of your students一致, 谓语应用单数形式, 故填is。
6.答案：are
解析：句意:尽管更多的人已经戒烟了,餐馆和购物中心里禁止吸烟的标志依旧随处可见。根据语境可知,此处描述的是现在的客观情况,故应用一般现在时,且主句的主语为signs,故谓语动词应用复数形式。
7.答案：is expected
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为:到2060年,全球老年人口(的数量)将超过儿童人口(的数量),届时预计每个群体(的数量)将占全球人口的五分之一左右。根据句意可知,此处陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;且主语"each group"与动词expect之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语"each group"是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用单三形式。故填is expected。
8.答案：are
解析：考查主谓一致。句意:写文章的时候,我们必须造语法正确的句子。分析句子结构可知,that引导定语从句,指代先行词sentences且在从句中作主语,故此处应使用复数形式。
9.答案：stands
解析：考查主谓一致及完全倒装句。句意:两座建筑物之间耸立着一棵高大的松树。句中表示地点的状语Between the two buildings置于句首时,句子用完全倒装句,其主语是a tall pine,故用动词的第三人称单数形式,即stands。
10.答案：is
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意:White先生和他的两个儿子都喜欢足球,他们经常去看足球比赛。along with连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要与前面的主语保持一致;由第二个分句的时态可知,这里表客观事实,故填is。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 DDCC
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第二段"It's paying-off time, as they've helped save $44,000 in utility bills(水电费) since they started their energy-saving activities ... for the planet's future."及第一段可知,学生们骑自行车以对抗气候变化,把他们的学校建筑彻底变成节能环保的建筑,这一努力帮助节约了大量的水电费且激励了其他人参与环保行动,这说明学生们的努力带来了好的结果。故选D。
2.考查写作意图。根据第四段的内容可知,energy efficient curtains是学生们进行节能改造的一个例子,通过理解第四段首句"Among the large number of efficiency modifications(改造)…"可知,提到energy efficient curtains是为了展示应对气候变化的具体的节能环保行动。故选D。
3.考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"…the practical contribution is exciting the minds of the next generation."和最后一段中的"It's raised awareness of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and opportunities in the community for engaging them in that sort of technology."可知,这所学校的学生们的环保行动激发了其他青少年的环保意识,是"鼓舞人心的"。故选C。
4.考查推理判断。根据最后一段Smith老师所说的话可知,这所学校的学生们做的事情提升了人们的节能环保意识,这种意识将会带动更多人参与环保行动。由此可知,这所学校在保护环境方面树立了良好的榜样。故选C。
三、语法填空
答案：①who②of③that④undoubtedly⑤political⑥development⑦sharing⑧are⑨is located⑩astonishing
解析：①考查定语从句。句意:未来法国的皇帝拿破仑曾经说过,分析句子结构可知,此处考查定语从句;从句缺少主语,先行词是Napoleon,所以用指代人的关系代词;从句是非限制性定语从句。故填who。
②考查介词。句意:由于掌握着当时最强大的军事和经济力量,拿破仑对对手有着敏锐的眼力。根据句意及空格前in charge,可知此处考查短语in charge of(负责)。故填of.
③考查代词,句意:现在,中国的国内生产总值超过了英国和法国,根据句意及句子结构,可知此处填代词,指代前面的名词China's total domestic product,表示中国和英法之间的生产总值的比较,所以用可以指代同类异物的代词that。故填that。
④考查副词。句意:如果拿破仑今天来到北京,他肯定会说"我早告诉过你了。"根据句意及句子结构,可知此处要填副词用来修饰动词say。故填undoubtedly.
⑤考查形容词。句意:作为中国的政治和文化中心,北京可以让人们快速了解这个国家广阔的历史和快速的发展。根据空格后并列连词及形容词cultural,可知此处填形容词修饰后面的名词center。故填political。
⑥考查名词。句意:作为中国的政治和文化中心,北京可以让人们快速了解这个国家广阔的历史和快速的发展。根据空格前its和形容词rapid,可知空格处填名词。故填development。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:你会发现保存完好的宫殿遍布着新的地铁站,宁静的喇嘛庙与世界级的体育场共享空间。分析句子结构可知,此处要填非谓语动词,在句中做定语修饰前面的名词lamaseries,其余所填词之间是主动关系。故填sharing。
⑧考查主谓一致。句意:这个城市的许多历史古迹,如紫禁城和天安门广场,都是世界闻名的。分析句子结构可知,此处要填谓语动词,主语是Many of the city's historical sites(城市里的许多历史遗迹),故填are。
⑨考查时态和语态。句意:然而,最受欢迎的景点位于北京以外:中国的长城蜿蜒穿过北京北部的群山。分析句子结构可知,此处要填谓语动词;根据句意,可知此处考查动词短语be located(坐落);句子主语是the most popular attraction,所以用三单式。故填is located。
⑩考查形容词。句意:当你们目睹中国古代的惊人成就时,你们也会感受到这个现代国家的巨大潜力。根据句意及分析句子结构,可知此处要填形容词,修饰后面的名词accomplishment of ancient China。故填astonishing。
