2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题九 考点12 并列连词（C卷）
一、填空
1.Scientists have different theories about why we yawn, _________ nobody has been able to prove them.
2.The winter in Beijing is very cold _________ that of Sanya is warm.
3.Turn the heat down _________ it'll burn.
4.We must deal with the problem now, _________ else it will be too late.
5.Not only is she thoughtful, _________ she sacrifices her own interests for those of others.
6.In a word, the prospects are bright, _________ the road has twists and turns.
7.We searched everywhere _________ we still couldn't find it.
8.Mo Yan was absorbed in writing his novel _________ didn't look up when the reporter came in.
9.Both teaching _________ research work are making great progress.
10.Neither could theory do without practice, _________ could practice do without theory.
二、阅读理解
Cheese and red wine are basic diets over the festive period, and if you love red wine and cheese, a new study will come as music to your ears. Researchers from lowa State University have revealed that drinking red wine and eating cheese can help to reduce cognitive(认知的) decline.
In the study, the researchers analyzed data from 1,787 adults aged 46 to 77, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their food and alcohol consumption. The results showed that cheese was the most protective food against age-related cognitive problems, even into late life. Daily consumption of red wine was also shown to improve cognitive function, while weekly consumption of lamb was shown to improve long-term cognitive skills. However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline.
Dr. Auriel Willette, who led the study, said: “I was pleasantly surprised that our results suggest that appropriately eating cheese and drinking red wine daily are not just good for helping us cope with our current COVID-19 pandemic, but perhaps also dealing with an increasingly complex world. Although we considered whether this was just due to what rich people eat and drink, clinical trials at random are needed to determine if making easy changes in our diet could help our brains in significant ways."
While the reason for the link remains unclear, the researchers believe that cheese and red wine may protect some people from the effects of Alzheimer's.
Brandon Klinedinst, an author of the study, added: “Depending on the genetic factors you carry, some individuals seem to be more protected from the effects of Alzheimer's, while others seem to be at greater risk. Perhaps the silver bullet we're looking for is improving how we eat. Knowing what that involves contributes to a better understanding of Alzheimer's and putting . this disease in an opposite path.”
1.What is the study mainly about
A.Basic diets over the festive period.
B.Possible reasons for cognitive decline.
C.Feelings of pleasant music to people's ears.
D.Effects of certain diets on cognitive decline.
2.Which of the following increases the risk of cognitive problems
A.Taking in too much salt. B.Eating cheese properly.
C.Drinking red wine daily. D.Consuming lamb weekly.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A.Changes in our diet help our brains in significant ways.
B.The diets of wealthy people were not taken into account.
C.The study results need to be proved by more clinical trials.
D.COVID-19 pandemic makes our world increasingly complex.
4.What does the underlined phrase “silver bullet" in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Genetic factor. B.Easy solution. C.Special metal. D.Certain food.
三、语法填空
For many of us, cold drinks ①__________(consider) to be one of the necessities for summer. Who can resist the ②__________ (please) of drinking an ice-cold Coke after playing a basketball game on a hot day
However, a recent study ③__________ (conduct) by the professors from the University of Ottawa, found hot drinks such as teas and coffees might actually be more ④__________ (effect) to cool you down in dry conditions. According to Smithsonian Magazine, when you drink some hot drinks, you ⑤__________ (start) to sweat more. It will remove excess heat by converting(转化) ⑥__________ water from a liquid to a vapour. As long as you are able to sweat, you can cool down quickly.
But that also means ⑦__________ you're in a hot, humid(潮湿的) room, or you are wearing long sleeves and trousers, hot drinks are ⑧__________ (probable) not going to work. ⑨__________ that case, Jay suggests the opposite course of action, "Hot drinks still add a small amount of heat to the body, so if ⑩__________ (sweat) more is going to be a problem, go for a cold drink."
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:关于我们为什么打哈欠,科学家们有不同的理论,但没人能证明这些理论。根据句意可知,此处应用but连接,表示转折。故填but。
2.答案：while
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:北京的冬天很冷,然而三亚的冬天是暖和的。根据句意可知,此处表示对比。while意为“然而”,符合句意。故填while。
3.答案：or
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:把火关小一些,否则它就烧焦了。根据句意可知,此处应用or,意为“否则,不然”。故填or。
4.答案：or
解析：考查列连词。句意为：我们必须现在处理这个问题，否则就太迟了。or else是固定用法，意为“否则，要不然”。故填or。
5.答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:她不仅体贴,而且会为他人的利益牺牲她自己的利益。not only... but (also)...是固定用法,意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
6.答案：yet
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:总之,前途是光明的,然而道路是曲折的。根据句意可知,此处表示强烈的对比,应用yet,意为“然而”,符合句意。故填yet。
7.答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:我们到处搜寻,但还是没有找到它。根据句意可知,此处应用but,表示转折关系,意为“但是”。故填but。
8.答案：and
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:莫言在专心地写他的小说,当记者进来时他甚至都没有抬头。根据句意可知,此处表示顺承关系,应用and连接。故填and。
9.答案：and
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:教学和科研工作都取得很大进步。 both... and...是固定搭配,意为“两者都……”。故填and。
10.答案：nor
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:理论离不开实践,实践也离不开理论。 neither... nor...是固定句型,意为“既不……也不……”,符合句意。故填nor。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchers from low a State University have revealed that drinking red wine and eating cheese can help to reduce cognitive decline. (来自洛阿州立大学的研究人员透露,喝红酒和吃奶酪有助于减少认知能力下降)”以及第二段“In the study, the researchers analyzed data from 1,787 adults aged 46 to 77, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their food and alcohol consumption. The results showed that cheese was the most protective food against age-related cognitive problems, even into late life. Daily consumption of red wine was also shown to improve cognitive function, while weekly consumption of lamb was shown to improve long-term cognitive skills. However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline. (在这项研究中,研究人员分析了1787名年龄在46岁至77岁之间的成年人的数据,并要求他们完成关于食物和酒精消费的问卷调查。研究结果表明,奶酪是预防与年龄有关的认知问题最有效的食物,即使到了晚年也是如此。每天喝红酒也能提高认知功能,每周吃羊肉也能提高长期认知能力。然而,过量摄入盐会增加认知能力下降的风险)“可推知,这项研究的主要内容是研究某些饮食对认知能力下降的影响。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline. (然而,过量摄入盐会增加认知能力下降的风险)”可知,摄入太多盐会增加患认知问题的风险。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Although we considered whether this was just due to what rich people eat and drink, clinical trials at random are needed to determine if making easy changes in our diet could help our brains in significant ways. (尽管我们考虑过这是否只是由于富人的饮食习惯,但我们还需要随机进行临床试验,以确定饮食上的简单改变是否能显著帮助我们的大脑)”可推知,研究结果需要更多的临床试验来证明。故选C。
4.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“we're looking for is improving how we eat. Knowing what that involves contributes to a better understanding of Alzheimer's and putting this disease in an opposite path.”可知,Brandon Klinedinst 认为我们正在寻找针对阿尔茨海默氏症的最简单的解决方案就是改善我们的饮食方式。了解其中的内容有助于更好地理解阿尔茨海默氏症,并阻止这种疾病的发生。“画线词意思是”简单的解决方案“。A. Genetic factor 遗传因素;B. Easy solution 简单的解决方案;C. Special metal 特殊金属;D. Certain food. 某些食物。故选B。
三、语法填空
答案：are considered; pleasure; conducted; effective; will start; the; if; probably; In; sweating
解析：本文是一篇说明文。在热天喝热饮能让你更迅速地凉快下来。但是,如果在炎热潮湿的环境下,热饮就不起作用了。另外,如果出汗太多,还是要喝冷饮。
①考查动词的时态和语态。句意:对我们很多人来说,冷饮被认为是夏季的必需品之一。根据句子的语法结构可知,空处作句子的谓语动词,时态是一般现在时,主语是cold drinks,且它和动词consider之间是被动关系。所以此处应使用一般现在时的被动语态are considered。
②考查名词。句意:谁能抵抗得住在大热天打完篮球之后喝杯冰可乐的乐趣呢 根据句子的语法结构可知,空处被前面的定冠词the和后面的介词of限定,要使用名词。所以此处应使用所给词的名词形式pleasure。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,来自渥太华大学的教授最近的研究发现,像茶和咖啡这样的热饮在干燥的环境下更能使你凉快。分析句子的语法结构可知,本句的主语是a recent study,谓语是found。因此空处作定语修饰名词study,且study与conduct之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。所以此处应使用过去分词conducted。
④考查形容词。根据句意和语法结构可知,此处应使用所给词的形容词形式effective作表语。
⑤考查动词的时态。句意:根据Smithsonian Magazine的说法,当你喝热饮的时候,你会出更多的汗。分析句子的语法结构可知,此处start是主句的谓语动词,当从句为一般现在时,主句需用一般将来时。所以此处应使用所给词的一般将来时will start。
⑥考查冠词。句意:它会通过把水从液态转化成蒸汽的方式来去除多余的热量。根据句子的语法结构可知,空后的water特指流汗流出来的水,需用定冠词对其进行修饰。所以此处应使用定冠词the。
⑦考查连词。句意:但是,那也意味着,如果你在炎热潮湿的房间里或者你穿着长袖长裤,热饮很可能就不会起作用。分析句子的语法结构可知,此处需要使用连词来连接两个句子。再结合句意可知,此处应使用if来引导条件状语从句。
⑧考查副词。根据句子的语法结构可知,此处需使用副词作状语,修饰动词短语go to work,所以此处应使用所给词的副词形式probably。
⑨考查固定搭配。句意:那样的话,Jay建议采取相反的做法。in that case是固定搭配,意为“在那种情况下,如果那样的话”。所以此处应使用介词In。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意:热饮仍然会给身体增加少量热量,所以如果出汗太多是问题所在,那么就去喝冷饮吧。分析句子的语法结构可知,空处为if引导的条件状语从句中的主语。所以此处应使用所给词的动名词形式sweating。专题九 考点12 并列连词（A卷）
一、填空
1.The son was having a good meal at home, _________ the parents were working in the fields.
2.Mrs. Brown was about to begin, _________ Jennie spoke first.
3.Will he still be there _________ will he have gone away
4.The plane is at the airport, _________ it has been surrounded by police.
5.Can you come at 10:30 I know it's inconvenient for you, _________ I must see you.
6.Either you must improve your work _________ I shall dismiss you.
7.I'm going to write good jokes _________ become a good comedist.
8.The Smiths searched the kitchen, checking every corner, _________ turned up nothing.
9.Both his son _________ daughter graduated from Harvard University.
10.He might agree, _________ then again he might have a completely different opinion.
二、阅读理解
Vehicles (车辆) were turned over and roofs were torn from houses after a tornado was seen forming over a northern New South Wales town late on Thursday.
A clean-up is under way in Armidale, in the state's Northern Tablelands, after a violent storm hit the area and knocked out power for half the town.
The tornado followed an evening of terrible storms over Greater Sydney which saw hailstones (冰雹), as large as five centimetres in diameter, fall across western and south-west Sydney. Apart from this, several thunderstorms also hit the state's east coast.
Meteorologist (气象学家) Grace Legge said the tornado caused significant amounts of damage. "Through Armidale, we saw a very strong thunderstorm push through about 10 pm," she said. "It did cause a tornado to touch down in the area which, unfortunately, caused significant amounts of damage. It was quite a quick-moving storm, but with stronger, violent winds."
The State Emergency Services (SES) received 475 requests for help overnight, with 127 of those coming from citizens in Armidale. Officer Sharon Fox said it was surprising there were no reports of serious injuries after the tornado. "There were reports of roads that had been blocked, reports of large trees falling done, several reports of power lines coming off," Ms Fox said. "It was a pretty terrible impact there in Armidale."
A report posted by the SES this morning said half of Armidale was without power and the emergency services and uncompleted repairs were going to take some time.
1.The tornado led to the following except _________.
A.roofs torn apart B.trees falling to the ground
C.vehicles upside down D.houses washed away
2.What played a great part in the landing of the tornado in Armidale
A.The rain. B.The winds. C.The thunderstorm. D.The hailstones.
3.Why did Sharon Fox feel surprised
A.No one was reported seriously injured.
B.A large number of people asked for help.
C.Another tornado was predicted to come soon.
D.The electricity supply in the area was cut off.
4.What is the purpose of the text
A.To call on people to offer help to others.
B.To inform people of a natural disaster.
C.To predict what the weather will be like in the area.
D.To warn the public to watch over their possessions.
三、语法填空
How do we help kids make wise choices about their money Anne Kersten, ①__________Financial teacher in America, says that she starts it by opening an ongoing dialogue. Kersten leads two workshops ②__________(design) for families. Both are values-based money management workshops ③__________provide parents with tools and talking points on how to share, save and spend money ④__________(wise). Children who attend the workshop receive either a blue piggy bank ⑤__________a Cash Cache(贮存物) .
Long before Kersten began teaching other people's kids about wise money management, she taught her own daughters. When her daughters ⑥__________(be) only 4 and 5 years old, they each received a small allowance(零用钱) to learn how to share, save and spend. "Saving is important because it helps mentally prepare for long-term ⑦__________(goal)," Kersten says, adding that her daughters knew they would be responsible for a part of their college fee. After spending a term ⑧__________(study) abroad, Kersten's older daughter graduated ⑨__________college last year. She used scholarships(奖学金) along with her savings ⑩__________(help) pay her way. Kersten's younger daughter saved enough to cover her fee and she will graduate debt-free in 2020.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：while
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:儿子正在家吃美餐,而他的父母却在田里劳作。根据句意可知,此处应用while,强调两者之间的对比,意为"而,然而"。故填while。
2.答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:Brown夫人正要开始(讲话),但Jennie却先讲了。根据句意可知,此处应用but,表示转折关系,意为"但是"。故填but。
3.答案：or
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:他还会在那里吗 还是说他已经走了 根据句意可知,此处应用or,表示选择关系,意为"或者,还是"。故填or。
4.答案：and
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:飞机在机场,它已经被警察包围了。根据句意可知,此处应用and连接两个并列的句子。故填and。
5.答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:你能十点半来吗 我知道这对你来说不方便,但是我必须见到你。根据句意可知,此处应用but,表示转折关系,意为"但是"。故填but。
6.答案：or
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:要么你必须改进你的工作,要么我将会开除你。either... or...固定搭配,意为"要么……要么……"。故填or。
7.答案：and
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:我打算写一些有趣的笑话,成为一名出色的喜剧作家。此处应用and连接前后两个分句,表并列关系。故填and。
8.答案：but/yet
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:Smith夫妇搜遍了厨房,检查了每个角落,但是什么都没找到。根据句意可知,此处表示转折关系,应用but/yet连接。故填but/yet。
9.答案：and
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:他的儿子和女儿都毕业于哈佛大学。 both... and...是固定搭配,意为"两者都……"。故填and。
10.答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:他可能会同意,但话说回来,他也可能会有截然不同的意见。but then again是固定用法,意为"话说回来,(表示与前面说过的话略有矛盾)不过,然而"。故填but。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Vehicles were turned over and roofs were torn from houses after a tornado was seen forming over a northern New South Wales town late on Thursday.(周四晚些时候,一场龙卷风在新南威尔士北部城镇形成,车辆被掀翻,屋顶被掀翻)'和文章倒数第二段"There were reports of roads that had been blocked, reports of large trees falling done(有报道称,道路被堵塞,大树倒下)可知,龙卷风造成了屋顶被掀翻,树木纷纷倒下,汽车翻了个底朝天,并没有造成房屋被冲走。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段The tornado followed an evening of terrible storms over Greater Sydney which saw hailstones(冰雹),as large as five centimetres in diameter, fall across western and south-west Sydney.(在这场龙卷风之前,大悉尼地区经历了一晚可怕的风暴,冰雹直径达5厘米,落在悉尼西部和西南部)可知,雷雨对龙卷风在阿米代尔登陆起了很大作用。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段"Officer Sharon Fox said it was surprising there were no reports of serious injuries after the tornado.(警官莎伦福克斯(Sharon Fox)表示,令人惊讶的是,龙卷风过后没有严重伤亡的报告)"可知,Sharon Fox感到惊讶是因为没有人严重受伤。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第一段"Vehicles(车辆) were turned over and roofs were torn from houses after a tornado was seen forming over a northern New South Wales town late on Thursday.(周四晚些时候,一场龙卷风在新南威尔士北部城镇形成,车辆被掀翻,屋顶被掀翻)可知,文章主要是关于一个龙卷风的新闻报道。由此可知,文章的主要目的是通知人们发生自然灾害。故选B。
三、语法填空
答案：1.a 2.designed 3.that/which 4.wisely 5.or 6.were 7.goals 8.studying 9.from 10.to help
解析： 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了美国的金融师Anne Kersten通过开办家庭讲习班来教孩子如何明智地分享、储蓄和花钱,并以自己的女儿为例来说明孩子学会理财的重要性。
①考查冠词。句意:美国的金融师Anne Kersten说,她是通过开展与孩子之间持续进行的对话帮助孩子对他们的钱做出明智的选择。形容词financial修饰可数名词teacher,且financial的首字母的发音为辅音音素,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
②考查过去分词。句意: Kersten主办了两个讲班,主要是为家庭而开办的。分析句子对知,workshops与design在逻辑上是动宾关系,所以用过去分词。故填designed。
③考查关系代词。句意: 这两个都是以价值观为基础的金钱管理讲习班,为家长们提供了如何明智地分享、储蓄和花费金钱的工具和谈话要点。分析句子可知,workshops为先行词,在后面的定语从句中作主语,所以关系词为that/which。故填that/which。
④考查副词。句意:这两个都是以价值观为基础的金钱管理讲习班,为家长们提供了如何明智地分享、储蓄和花费金钱的工具和谈话要点。wisely为副词,修饰动词share, save, spend。故填wisely。
⑤考查连词。句意:参加讲习班的孩子或者可以得到一个蓝色的猪形储钱罐,或者可以得到一个现金贮存物。either... or... "或者......或者......"为固定短语。故填or。
⑥考查一般过去时。句意:当她的女儿们只有4岁和5岁的时候,她们每人都得到了一笔零用钱,用来学习如何分享、储蓄和消费。分析句子可知,when 引导的时问状语从句为一般过去时,主语为her daughters,所以be动词用were。故填were。
⑦考查名词复数。句意:储蓄是很重要的,因为它有助于为长期目标做心理准备。goal为可数名词,根据本句句意可知,目标不止一个,所以用goals。故填goals。
⑧考查动名词。句意:在国外学习了一个学期后,Kersten 的大女儿去年从大学毕业。sb. + spend(s) +时间 + (in) doing sth. "某人花费时间做某事"为固定用法。故填studying。
⑨考查介词。句意:在国外学习了一个学期后,Kersten的大女儿去年从大学毕业。graduate from"从......毕业"为固定短语。故填from。
⑩考查动词不定式。句意: 她用奖学金和存款来支付学费。分析句子可知,动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题九 考点12 并列连词（B卷）
一、填空
1.__________ Mike's very good at math, his brother is absolutely hopeless.
2.Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, __________ the students have theirs too.
3.He must be a good worker, __________ else he wouldn't be so busy.
4.To our surprise, the whale sharks are actually gentle and friendly, _________ never attack human beings.
5.The children were playing in the street _________ they caught sight of an injured bird.
6.He must have thought Jane was worth it _________ he wouldn't have wasted time on her, I suppose.
7.It was still painful, _________ I went to see a doctor.
8.She said she would be late, _________ she arrived on time.
9._________ China and the United States have benefited from their growing business ties over the past four decades.
10.I have no choice _________ to accept his invitation.
二、阅读理解
Human beings are not alone in having invented vaccination(接种疫苗), while honeybees got there first and they can run what look like vaccination programmes, which has been confirmed by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Queen bees vaccinate their eggs before they are laid. But the question is how the queen receives her antigen supply of defensive matter, for she lives purely on royal jelly(蜂王浆), a liquid produced by nurse bees when they are in the life stage of feeding the young. Dr. Harwood wondered if the nurses combined the royal jelly they produced with pieces from pathogens(病原体碎片) they had consumed while eating something brought in from outside.
To test this idea, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini nests equipped with the young to look after. They fed the nurses on sugar-water, and for three of the hives they added Paenibacillus larvae, a bacterium causing a disease, to sugar-water.
Dr. Harwood and Dr. Salmela marked the bacteria, to make them easy to track. And, sure enough, microscope confirmed that Paenibacillus larvae were getting into royal jelly secreted by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water. Moreover, examination of this royal jelly included higher levels of defensive matter, compared with royal jelly from bees that had not been mixed with Paenibacillus larvae. This matter is thought to help bee immune systems fight against bacteria.
All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, via their royal jelly, passing defensive matter on to the queen, then into eggs. They also mean, because the young receive royal jelly for the first few days after they hatch, the nurses are giving the young the second defensive matter. Each young bee is therefore being vaccinated twice.
1.What puzzled Dr. Harwood about the queen bees
A.Whether bees run vaccination earlier than man.
B.How the antigen come into the queen bees' bodies.
C.Where the nurses receive pathogens.
D.What the royal jelly consists of.
2.How did Dr. Harwood develop his experiment
A.By dividing bees into different roles. B.By observing the nurses' behaviors.
C.By changing the components of royal jelly. D.By keeping track of the special bacterium.
3.What do we learn from the results of the experiment
A.Nurse bees are the key to vaccination for bee group.
B.The queens produced defensive matter by themselves.
C.Bacteria-used royal jelly has fewer defensive matter.
D.Two vaccinations are given to young bees by caregivers directly.
4.Where is the passage probably taken from
A.A pet guide. B.A social website.
C.An official document. D.A medical magazine.
三、语法填空
In their spare time, most young people like to enjoy themselves and play on their smartphones. ①______, Li Ruxue is an exception. He often goes around a forest and keeps himself from the outside world.
"Though the lifestyle is a little bit tiring, it's meaningful," the 27- year- old environmentalist said. In his college years, Li took an active part in field research with his teachers. ②______ graduation, instead of starting a job instantly, he joined a Skywalker Gibbon (长臂猿) Protection organization, where one of his major ③______ (responsibility) was picking up gibbon feces (粪便).
The Skywalker Gibbon is a top-level State-protected animal ④______ population is smaller than ⑤______ of wild giant pandas. Through ⑥______ (analyze) the DNA from their feces, researchers can measure the inbreeding among different groups and protect them better, So over the past four and a half years, Li ⑦______ (track) gibbons and collected their feces for researchers. Li said the job relies ⑧______ (heavy) on luck and effort. But he has never regretted his choice or felt alone, as he has found more young people ⑨______ (engage) in nature protection. "Young people are the future of the world and the future of global biodiversity ⑩______ (conserve)," he said.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：While
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:虽然Mike很擅长数学,但他的兄弟是绝对没有希望的。根据句意可知,此处应用while,强调两者之间的对比,意为"虽然,尽管"。故填While。注意首字母大写。
2.答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:对于这件事,不仅教授们有他们自己的想法,而且学生们也有他们自己的想法。not only... but (also)...是固定句型,意为"不仅……而且……"。故填but。
3.答案：or
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:他一定是一位好工人,要不然他不会这么忙。根据句意可知,此处应用or else,相当于or,意为"要不然,否则"。故填or。
4.答案：and
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:令我们惊讶的是,鲸鲨实际上是温和的、友好的,而且从不攻击人类。根据句意可知,此处表示顺承关系,应用and连接。故填and。
5.答案：when
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:孩子们正在街上玩耍,这时他们看到了一只受伤的鸟。sb. be doing...when...是固定句型,意为"某人正在做……,这时……",when在该句型中是并列连词。故填when。
6.答案：or
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:我想,他一定认为Jane值得(自己这么做),否则他不会在她身上浪费时间。根据句意可知,此处应用or,意为"否则,不然"。故填or。
7.答案：so
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:那个地方还是很疼,所以我去看了医生。根据句意可知,此处应用so,表示因果关系,意为"因此,所以"。故填so。
8.答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:她说她会迟到,但她按时到达了。根据句意可知,此处应用but,表示转折关系,意为"但是"。故填but。
9.答案：Both
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:过去40年来,中美双方都从不断发展的贸易关系中受益。both... and...是固定搭配, 意为"两者都……"，符合句意。故填Both。注意首字母大写。
10.答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:我除了接受他的邀请以外别无选择。have no choice but to do sth.是固定用法,意为"除了做某事以外别无选择",符合句意。故填but。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 BDAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第二句中的"But the question is how the queen receives her antigen supply"可知, Harwood博士对于抗原进入蜂后体内的方式感到困惑。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容尤其是第四段第一句"Dr. Harwood and Dr. Salmela marked the bacteria, to make them easy to track."可知, Harwood博士为了验证自己的猜想, 便和Salmela博士把150只保育蜂分成六组, 用糖水喂养这些保育蜂, 并在其中三个蜂巢的糖水中加入了幼虫芽孢杆菌, 然后研究人员在显微镜下追踪被标记了的幼虫芽孢杆菌的情况。由此可推知, Harwood博土是通过追踪特殊的细菌来开展他的实验的。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句"All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, via their royal jelly, passing defensive matter on to the queen, then into eggs. They also mean, because the young receive royal jelly for the first few days after they hatch, the nurses are giving the young the second defensive matter."可知, 综上所述, 这些发现表明, 保育蜂确实通过蜂王浆将抗原传给蜂后, 以便将其接种到卵中。这也意味着, 因为幼虫在孵化后的最初几天也会接受蜂王浆, 所以保育蜂会给它们的幼虫注射第二次疫苗。由此可推知, 保育蜂对蜂群的疫苗接种至关重要。故选A。
4.文章出处题。通读全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍了蜜蜂是最先发明疫苗并接种疫苗的物种。因此, 本文最有可能摘自一本医学杂志。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：1. However2. After3. responsibilities4. whose5. that6. analyzing7. has tracked8. heavily9. engaged10. conservation
解析：
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述李如雪是位环保人士,他大学毕业后,没有找工作,而是加入了一个天行者长臂猿保护组织,负责收集长臂猿的粪便。在这份工作上,他从未后悔过,他觉得年轻人是世界的未来,也是全球生物多样性保护的未来。
【小题1】考查副词。句意:然而,李如雪是个例外。他经常在森林里转悠,使自己与外界隔绝。根据空前的most young people like to enjoy themselves and play on their smartphones"以及空后的"Li Ruxue is an exception"可知,大多数人喜欢玩手机,然而李如雪是个例外,前后为转折关系,空后有逗号。置于句首,首字母大写。故填However。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:毕业后,他没有立即开始工作,而是加入了一个天行者长臂猿保护组织,他的主要职责之一就是收集长臂猿的粪便。根据空后instead of starting a job instantly'可知,毕业后,他没有立刻工作。after"在......之后",为介词,后面加名词或动名词。置于句首,首字母大写。故填after。
【小题3】考查可数名词的单复数。句意:毕业后,他没有立即开始工作,而是加入了一个天行者长臂猿保护组织,他的主要职责之一就是收集长臂猿的粪便。one of+可数名词的复数,"其中之一"。故填responsibilities。
【小题4】考查定语从句。句意:天行者长臂猿是国家顶级保护动物,其数量小于野生大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,"population is smaller than of wild giant pandas'"为定语从句,修饰先行词the Skywalker Gibbon,先行词在定语从句中做定语。故填whose。
【小题5】考查代词。句意:天行者长臂猿是国家顶级保护动物,其数量小于野生大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空处指代野生大熊猫的数量,所以用that,为特指population,指代和前文中出现的名词为同类,但不是同一个。后面一般有定语修饰。故填that。
【小题6】考查非谓语动词。句意:通过分析它们粪便中的DNA,研究人员可以测量不同群体之间的近亲繁殖,并更好地保护它们。through为介词通过",所以后面要加动名词做宾语。故填analyzing。
【小题7】考查时态。句意:因此,在过去的四年半里,李一直在追踪长臂猿,并为研究人员收集它们的粪便。分析句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语over the past four and a half years可知,句子要用现在完成时态,主语为单数。故填has tracked。
【小题8】考查副词。句意:李说,这份工作在很大程度上依赖运气和努力。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词relies,所以要用副词。故填heavily。
【小题9】考查非谓语动词。句意:但他从未后悔自己的选择或感到孤独,因为他发现有更多的年轻人从事自然保护。分析句子结构可知,句中已经有谓语动词,所以空处为非谓语动词做宾语补足语。be engaged in"参与,忙于",be去掉,剩下过去分词做宾语补足语。故填engaged。
【小题10】考查名词。句意:"年轻人是世界的未来,也是全球生物多样性保护的未来,"他说。根据空前的of可知,空处要用名词, conserve为动词"保护,其名词形式为conservation。故填conservation。
