专题十 考点14 特殊句式（C卷）
一、填空
1.It is for this reason Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
2.It is your hard work ________ will make your dream come true.
3.It is in the school hall ________ the celebration will be held next Monday and many famous people will come to the celebration.
4._____(be) I you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country.
5._____(go) are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
6.Below us on our right _____(be) a thickly wooded valley, where a big fire destroyed thousands of trees.
7._____ they been informed of the danger of travelling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now.
8._____ buried was she in doing her homework that she didn't notice it got dark outside.
9.When deeply _____(bury) in work, he always forgets all about eating and sleeping.
10.While ________(listen) to the radio, the old man heard someone knocking at the door.
二、阅读理解
Every time mask wearers cough, or make certain facial expressions, their face covering shifts-and a busy worker may not have time to recheck mask fit each time one of these movements occurs. "This can cause anxiety," says Josiah Hester, developer of FaceBit-a device that tracks a face covering's fit and wear time, as well as its wearer's vital signs. His colleagues who work in clinical settings have been communicating their concerns to him, saying, "Give me something that can watch me because I don't have the time to take care of myself as I'm going about my clinical duties, taking care of this influx (涌入)of patients." And that's where it started, Hester explains.
Rather than developing an entire "smart mask, " which might be impractical to reuse, Hester's team created an electronic device, a little larger than a quarter, that attaches to a face covering with a clip (夹子) and contains several sensors. A pressure sensor detects leaks, indicating how well a mask is fitting. Pressure changes also let the FaceBit determine when the mask is over someone's face, so it can record wear time. The FaceBit additionally monitors heart rate and measures breathing rate. A Bluetooth connection send these data to a companion phone app. The device is powered by a battery, charged with energy harvested from the mask's motions as its wearer moves and breathes.
A fit monitor could be very useful for health care workers wearing a mask all day, says Lisa Brosseau, a research consultant. But she is not convinced that FaceBit can consistently measure fit. "It has some promise, perhaps, but they have not validated it in a way that I would accept."
Hester plans to continue testing and improving the project. His team will distribute some FaceBits and let people use them, experiment and play with them. Other researchers will also be able to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life. They could even add new sensors that would open up more uses for such a device.
1. Where did Josiah Hester's inspiration to develop FaceBit come from
A. One of his patients. B. A research consultant.
C. His personal experience. D. His co-workers' request.
2. How can a mask wearer get information from FaceBit
A. By checking the companion phone app. B. By reading the measurer on it.
C. By communicating with a wearable recorder. D. By viewing the watch attached to it.
3. What can we infer about Josiah Hester's project
A. It is of unlimited use. B. It is well received.
C. It calls for cooperation. D. It has gained profits.
4. What is the purpose of the text
A. To share a clinical experiment. B. To introduce an electronic device.
C. To recommend a smart face covering. D. To analyze risks of not wearing masks.
三、语法填空
The combination of music and study has long been ①________ source of disagreement between adults and children. Parents and teachers alike maintain that ②________ (silent)is important when learning, whereas youngsters insist that ③________ (they)favourite sounds help them concentrate.
Now a study shows that the ④________ (grown-up)have been right all along. Psychologists in Florida tested how fast students wrote essays ⑤________ and without music in the background .They ⑥________ (find)that the sounds slowed progress down by about sixty words per hour. "This demonstrates ⑦________ (clear)that it is difficult to cope with listening and writing at the same time," said Dr.Sarah. She also came to the conclusion ⑧________ it is a myth that instrumental music is less disturbing than songs. "All types of music had the same effect," she said in her report. "One's ability to pay attention and write fluently is likely ⑨________ (disturb) by both songs and instrumental music," she added.
Dr. Sarah claimed the research demonstrated that the idea that music could improve performance was wrong. "Writing an essay is a complex task. You ⑩________ (recall) information and putting it in order. But what is particularly worrying is that more and more teenagers are studying in front of the television."
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：that
解析：本题主要考查固定搭配。结合句意，正是由于这个原因，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。It is/ was + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分，为强调句。因此此处应用 that。故正确答案为 that。
2.答案：that
解析： 考查强调句。句意:你的努力工作将使你的梦想成真。"it is/was+被强调部分+that句子其他成分"为强调句的基本句型, 此处对主语your hard work进行强调, 空处需填that。故填that。
3.答案：that
解析：考查强调句型。句意:庆祝活动将于下周一在学校礼堂举行,很多知名人士都会来参加这次庆祝活动。分析句子结构可知,此处为强调句型,强调的是地点状语in the school hall,故填that。
4.答案：Were
解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果我是你，我会带一些合适的礼物，比如我们自己国家的纪念品。由句意和主句谓语的形式可知此处使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，省略了if,把be动词提前，be动词用were,故填Were。
5.答案：Gone
解析：考查完全倒装。有时为了强调, 可将作表语的形容词置于句首, 从而引起完全倒装。
6.答案：was
解析：考查倒装、时态和主谓一致。介词短语Below us on our right位于句首引起倒装，句子真正的主语是a thickly wooded valley，故be动词应用单数形式;又根据句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。
7.答案：Had
解析：句意为: 如果他们被告知在那个孤岛上旅游有危险, 现在就不会被困住了。根据语境可知, 被告知危险是对过去情况的虚拟, 从句的时态应用过去完成时。此句考查的是虚拟语气条件句中的倒装, 从句中的if可以省略, 把had提到从句的主语前。故填Had。
8.答案：So
解析：句意为: 她是如此专心地做作业, 以至于没注意到外边天黑了。根据后面的buried was she in doing及that可以推断出, 这里是考查so...that...的倒装结构, 即"So+形容词/副词"置于句首, 主句用部分倒装。故填So。
9.答案：buried
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意:当他埋头工作时,他总是忘记吃饭和睡觉。短语be buried in,译为"专注于", when引导的时间状语从句,主语和主句主语一致,可以省略主语和be动词,从句还原为When he is deeply buried in work,故填buried。
10.答案：listening
解析：考查状语从句的省略。当while引导的状语从句的主语同主句主语一致且从句谓语包含be动词的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。此处从句补充完整为while the old man was listening to the radio。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 DACB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的His colleagues who work in clinical settings have been communicating their concerns to him, saying, "Give me something that can watch me because I don't have the time to take care of myself as I'll taking care of this influx (涌入） of patients." And that's where it started, Hester explains.(他在临床环境中工作的同事一直在向他表达他们的担忧，他们说："给我一些可以观察我的东西，因为我没有时间照顾自己，因为我正在履行我的临床职责，照顾大量涌入的患者。"海丝特解释说，这就是它的起源。）可知，约西亚·海丝特开发FaceBit的灵感来自他的同事的要求。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段的A Bluetooth connection send these data to a companion phone app.(蓝牙连接会将这些数据发送到配套的手机应用程序。）可知，戴口罩的人通过检查配套手机应用程序，从FaceBit上获取信息。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的Other researchers will also be able to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life.(其他研究人员也将能够改进能量收集组件并延长电池寿命。）可知，Josiah Hester的项目需要合作。故选C。
4.写作意图题。根据第二段的 Rather than developing an entire "smart mask, " which might be impractical to reuse, Hester's team created an electronic device(海丝特的团队没有开发出一个可能无法重复使用的完整的"智能面具"，而是创造了一种电子设备）可知，文章的目的是介绍一种电子设备。故选B。
三、语法填空
答案：1. a2. silence3. their4. grown-ups5. with6. found7. clearly8. that9. to be disturbed10. are recalling
解析：
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习时听音乐或做其它事情是否会影响学习效果或降低学习效率。研究表明,学习状态下注意力是非常集中的,一旦有外界声音或因素干扰,是会大大影响学习的。
【小题1】考查冠词。句意:长期以来,音乐和学习的结合一直是成人和儿童之间分歧的根源。根据句意表达,此处A source of是......一个根源,符合题意。故填a。
【小题2】考查名词。句意:家长和老师都认为学习时保持沉默很重要,而年轻人则坚持认为他们最喜欢的声音有助于他们集中注意力。分析句子结构,此句为that引导的宾语从句,此处silent的适当形式在从句作主语,具有名词性,用silence(沉默),符合题意。故填silence。
【小题3】考查代词。句意:家长和老师都认为学习时保持沉默很重要,而年轻人则坚持认为他们最喜欢的声音有助于他们集中注意力。此处修饰后面名词sounds,作前置定语,their他们的,符合题意。故填their。
【小题4】考查名词。句意:现在一项研究表明,成年人一直都是对的。结合后面动词have,可知此处名词作主语用复数形式,grown-ups成年人,符合题意。故填grown-ups。
【小题5】考查介词。句意:佛罗里达州的心理学家测试了学生在有音乐背景和没有音乐背景下写文章的速度。根据句意和句子结构,可知和后面介词without构成并列关系,表达"有和没有",用介词with。故填with。
【小题6】考查动词时态。句意:他们发现这些声音使学习进度每小时慢了大约60个单词。分析句子结构,此处作谓语动词,根据从句谓语动词slowed,可知此处动词用一般过去时,found发现。故填found。
【小题7】考查副词。句意:莎拉博士说:"这清楚地表明,要同时处理听力和写作是很困难的。"。此处修饰前面动词用副词形式,作状语,clearly清晰地,符合题意。故填clearly。
【小题8】考查同位语从句。句意:她还得出结论,器乐没有歌曲那么令人不安,这是一个神话。分析句子结构,此句为同位语从句。从句内容是前面名词the conclusion的具体内容,从句是完整的,用连接词that引导。故填that。
【小题9】考查非谓语动词。句意:她补充道:"一个人的注意力和流利写作能力可能会受到歌曲和器乐的干扰。"。be likely to do 可能做某事,后接不定式to。由by both songs and instrumental music可知此处构成被动语态,表达"被干扰", to be disturbed符合题意。 故填to be disturbed。
【小题10】考查动词。句意:您正在回忆信息并对其进行整理。根据语境,结合后面putting,此处作谓语动词,时态为现在进行时,表达"正在回忆",are recalling符合题意。故填are recalling。2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十 考点14 特殊句式（A卷）
一、填空
1.It was not until near the end of the letter _____ she mentioned her own plan.
2.It is love and perseverance ________ have helped us control the novel coronavirus and regain a peaceful and beautiful life.
3.It was when we were returning home _____ I realised what a good feeling it was to help someone in trouble.
4.Inside the well-known garden ________________(growth) a variety of beautiful flowers.
5.Seldom _____ I seen a situation that made the teacher so angry.
6.So fast _____ light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
7.Every evening after dinner, if not _________(tire) from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
8.Tom wanted to play football with his friends on the playground, but his father told him not _____.
9.If ______(convenience), I will visit you this weekend and discuss what to do next with you.
10.She made a mistake when ________(serve) the ball, which led to her losing the game.
二、阅读理解
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help lessen the effects of a warmer world. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a professor in Australia, shows that is already happening. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance beak(喙) size has increased by between 4% and 10%since 1871. Similar trends are seen in species of mice and bats growing bigger ears, tails, legs and wings.
All that fits nicely with evolutionary(进化的) theory. "Allen's rule", named after Joe Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages(附加物) than those in mild areas. Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to get rid of additional heal. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ryding's team combined data from different species in different places. Now that they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
Honestly, studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. That may change as warming accelerates. Every little bit of avoided future temperature increases results in less warming that would otherwise slay for essentially forever.
1.Why do some species grow bigger parts of their body
A.They are following the new trends.
B.They have to adapt to warmer climate.
C.Scientists need them to do experiments.
D.Larger parts tend to help them feed well.
2.Where may warm-blooded animals have bigger body parts
A.In mild areas. B.In hot places. C.In the Arctic. D.In deserted regions.
3.What do we know about the change in animals from the last two paragraphs
A.It comes at a cost. B.Its cause is definite.
C.It happens in the same habitat. D.Its process will end soon.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Living on a Warming Planet B.Measures to Remove Heat
C.Pioneering Research on Animals D.Evolution to Survive Heat
三、语法填空
Students at Linda Tutt High School can now pick up necessities without ①______(leave) campus. As CNN reports, the Sanger, Texas, high school has set up a student-run grocery store that accepts points as payment ②______ (ensure) all students could have the items they need for the holiday season.
Of the 2,750 students in the small-town school district, 43 percent are from low-income households and 3.6 percent are unhoused. Linda Tutt High ③______ (establish) the grocery store earlier this November to help them out.
Every child in the district starts out with ④______ certain number of points based on how many people are in their family. At the grocery store, points can ⑤______ (exchange) for goods like meat, toilet paper and kitchen items. Kids can go beyond their initial point by doing good deeds at school, such as leaching younger students, helping out in the library and performing well in class. Student volunteers are responsible ⑥______ stocking the shelves, managing the inventory, and helping their peers(同辈)find ⑦______ they're looking for.
The school store is the ⑧______ (cooperate) between Linda Tutt, Refuge Ministries, Texas Health Resources, and Albertsons grocery store. It's open to students and staff Mondays through Wednesdays. For one hour on Tuesdays, it's open to other ⑨______ (member) of the community.
Linda Tutt isn't the only high school to provide resources to students in a ⑩______ (create) way. At Washington High School in North Carolina, students could access their on-campus food room secretly.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：that
解析：考查强调句型。句意: 直到近信的结尾处她才提到自己的计划。"It is/was not until...that..."为强调句型, 强调not until..., 意为"直到......才......"。
2.答案：that
解析：考查强调句型。句意:正是爱和坚毅帮助我们控制了新冠病毒,恢复了平静而美好的生活。此处为强调句型"It is+被强调部分+that+其余部分",被强调部分为love and perseverance,故填that。
3.答案：that
解析：句意为: 正是在我们回家的时候, 我才意识到帮助遇到困难的人的感觉是多么好。分析句子结构可知, 该句为强调句, 强调when引导的时间状语从句, 故填that。
4.答案：grow
解析：本句为完全倒装结构。表示地点的介词短语Inside the well-known garden位于句首,句子用完全倒装,该空应填谓语动词, 主语a variety of beautiful flowers为复数形式,本句描述一般性情况, 应用一般现在时,故填grow。
5.答案：have
解析：句意为: 我很少见到使老师这么生气的情况。seldom为否定副词, 置于句首时, 句子要部分倒装, 且主语是I, 后面有过去分词seen, 所以助动词应用have。
6.答案：does
解析：考查倒装句、时态和主谓一致。句意:光速太快了，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。当so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后通常用部分倒装，即将be动词/助动词/情态动词移至主语前。此处应用助动词来进行倒装，因主语为light，描述的是客观情况，故用does。
7.答案：tired
解析：考查状语从句省略。句意:每天晚饭后,如果工作不累,我会花一些时间来遛狗。if引导的条件状语从句中, 从句主语与主句主语一致且谓语部分含有be动词则可以省略主语和be动词,恢复后为:if I am not tired from work ,故填tired。
8.答案：to
解析：句意: Tom想和他的朋友们在操场上踢足球, 但是他的父亲告诉他不要去。不定式符号to后省略了与第一个分句中相同的内容, 此处省略了play football with his friends on the playground。
9.答案：convenient
解析：句意: 如果方便的话, 这周末我将去拜访你并和你讨论一下下一步做什么。在此句中If convenient是If it is convenient (for you)的省略。
10.答案：serving
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意:她发球时出现了失误,导致她输掉了比赛。when serving the ball是状语从句的省略,省略了she was。
二、阅读理解
答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段"Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour."(动物将不得不依靠改变自己的身体或行为。)可知,有些物种长得更大是因为它们必须适应更温暖的气候。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段"Alen's rule", named after Joe Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages(附加物) than those in mild areas."(以乔·艾伦在I877年提出的艾伦法则命名的艾伦法则认为,生活在炎热地区的温血动物往往比生活在温和地区的温血动物有更大的附肢。)可知,温血动物在炎热的地方可能有更大的身体部位。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go, Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance.Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow."(化适应都会带来权衡,因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远。例如,较大的喙可能会妨碍进食。更大的翅膀更重,更大的腿需要更多的能量才能成长。)可知,动物的变化是有代价的。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour."(动物将不得不依靠改变自己的身体或行为。)以及全文大意,本文主要讲述了全球变暖的影响可以在动物身上看到,数百种物种显示出适应气候变暖的迹象。文章具体叙述了气候变化与进化的联系。Evolution to Survive Heat(在高温下生存的进化)符合题意。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：1. leaving2. to ensure3. established4. a5. be exchanged6. for7. what8. cooperation9. members10. creative
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了琳达·塔特高中的学生现在不用离开校园就可以领取生活必需品。据美国有线电视新闻网报道,这所位于德克萨斯州桑格的高中成立了一个由学生经营的杂货店,接受积分作为付款,以确保所有学生都能在节日期间得到他们需要的物品。
【小题1】考查非谓语动词。句意:琳达·塔特高中的学生现在不用离开校园就可以领取生活必需品。空前的介词without,所给的词leave为动词,根据介词后跟动词时需跟动名词形式。故填leaving。
【小题2】考查非谓语动词。句意:据美国有线电视新闻网报道,这所位于德克萨斯州桑格的高中成立了一个由学生经营的杂货店,接受积分作为付款,以确保所有学生都能在节日期间得到他们需要的物品。此处用动词的不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。
【小题3】考查动词的时态。句意:今年11月初,琳达·塔特高中(Linda Tutt High)成立了这家杂货店来帮助他们。根据时间状语"earlier this November"可知,此处用所给动词的过去式。故填established。
【小题4】考查固定短语。句意:这个地区的每个孩子一开始都有一定数量的分数,这取决于他们家里有多少人。a number of为固定短语,意为"许多"。故填a。
【小题5】考查被动语态。句意:在杂货店,积分可以用来交换肉、卫生纸和厨房用品等商品。points 与exchange 存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用所给动词的被动语态,又因为空前有情态动词can,故此处用be exchanged。故填be exchanged。
【小题6】考查介词。句意:学生志愿者负责上架,管理存货,并帮助同伴找到他们想要的东西。be responsible for... 为固定短语,意为"负责......"。故填for。
【小题7】考查名词性从句。句意:学生志愿者负责上架,管理存货,并帮助同伴找到他们想要的东西。分析句子结构可知,该空引导的是一个宾语从句,从句缺少宾语且指物,故此处用连接代词what。故填what。
【小题8】考查名词。句意:这个学校商店是琳达·塔特、避难所、德克萨斯卫生资源和艾伯森斯杂货店之间的合作。根据空前的冠词the可知,此处用所给动词的名词形式。故填cooperation。
【小题9】考查名词。句意:每周二有一个小时的时间,对社区的其他成员开放。member是可数名词,空前的修饰词是other,故此处用其复数。故填members。
【小题10】考查形容词。句意:琳达·塔特并不是唯一一所以创造性的方式为学生提供资源的高中。此处用所给动词的形容词来修饰空后的名词way。故填creative。专题十 考点14 特殊句式（B卷）
一、填空
1.It was only after he went abroad _____ he realized the importance of English.
2.It was when I read his poems _________ I began to appreciate these buildings' beauty.
3.Gone __________(be) the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots.
4.The life which I led there with my cousins was delightful, and _____ is the memory of it.
5.So ______(gratitude) was the traveller to the villagers that he gave away all his money and belongings.
6.Hard _____ he tries, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
7.Hardly _____(have) we sat down at the table, when the phone rang.
8.I have learned a lot about Chinese life when _____(teach) in China.
9.When ___________ (walk) in the park, Lily came across an old friend.
10.Although __________(defeat)in the match, we didn't lose heart.
二、阅读理解
When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional methods: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But if you also gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. Linking a word to brain areas responsible for movement strengthens the memory of its meaning.
As neuroscientist Brian Mathias and his colleagues describe in the Journal of Neuroscience, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented artificial words (such as "lamube" for "camera" and "atesi" for "thought") over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were simultaneously (同时地) shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, they were supposed to perform the gesture themselves. Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German in a multiple-choice test.
At the same time, they had a device attached to their heads that sent weak pulses to their primary motor cortex (皮层)-the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. When these interfering (干扰) signals were active, the subjects found it harder to recall the words accompanied by gestures. When the device sent no interfering signals (but still appeared to the subjects to be active), they found it easier to remember the words. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. This applied to concrete words, such as "camera," as well as abstract ones, such as "thought."
"Our results provide evidence for why learning techniques that involve the body's motor system should be used more often," says Mathias. "I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms. People use it spontaneously (自发地), if they're good teachers and good listeners. But we don't necessarily bring it into the class if we don't think about it. "
1. What were the subjects required to do in the test
A. Repeat what other subjects describe.
B. Follow what the person in the video did.
C. Match the vocabulary with relative pictures.
D. Translate the vocabulary into a foreign language.
2. Why were pulses sent to the subjects' motor cortex
A. To control their body movements.
B. To shelter other interfering signals.
C. To identify the function of the motor cortex.
D. To confirm the abstract thoughts in their mind.
3. What is Brian Mathias's expectation of the research
A. It will be carried out more frequently. B. It will involve more concrete objects.
C. It will be applied to classroom teaching. D. It will motivate his colleagues to participate.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Good Learning Techniques Matter More B. Repeating Strengthens Memory
C. Body Language Betters Communication D. Gestures Help Learn New Words
三、语法填空
Ancient architecture in China stands out ①_____ its fine wooden structure, the elegant outside and beautiful decoration. To survive the frequent floods and other natural disasters, wood ②_____ (prefer) for most architectural structures in ancient China. China's ③_____ (tradition) wooden structures were quite complicatedly formed, sometimes without any nails!
Apart from this, existing examples of ancient Chinese architecture are also ④_____ (wide) praised for its elegant outlines and various features, such as overhanging eaves (屋檐), upturned roof comers, and different ⑤_____ (shape) of roofs. The unique outside not only satisfied a practical function, but also made ⑥_____ possible for the buildings to have wonderful appearances. Architects in ancient China, ⑦_____ paid special attention to decoration, used different colors or paintings according to particular building functions or local customs. Carved beams, painted rafters (椽子)and various patterns were used ⑧_____ (add) a colorful and beautiful style to the inside. ⑨_____ outside of buildings was decorated with stone lions, screen walls, decorative columns, as well as flowers.
Many ancient buildings ⑩_____ (design) by famous architects attract a number of tourists every year.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：that
解析：考查强调句型。句意:是在他出国后他才意识到英语的重要性。分析句子结构可知,本题考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为"It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who+其他部分"。此处是对状语进行强调,故填that。
2.答案：that
解析：考查强调句。句意:我是在读到他的诗时开始欣赏这些建筑的美的。分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句,强调时间状语 when I read his poems。故填 that。
3.答案：are
解析：这是个主系表结构，此句用了倒装结构，正常语序为The days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots are gone如果按正常语序，句子就失去平衡，因为主语太长。这里把表语前置用了倒装语序，故填：are。
4.答案：so
解析：考查倒装。如果前面句子中所说的肯定情况也适用于后面的句子所说的情况，后面的句子常用so引起倒装。
5.答案：grateful
解析：句意为: 这位游客对村民是如此感激以至于他把所有的钱和财产都分发给了村民们。当"so+形容词/分词"或者"such+名词/名词短语"放在句首表示强调时, 句子使用部分倒装。故填grateful。
6.答案：as
解析：考查as引导让步状语从句。句意: 尽管他十分努力, 他做的工作似乎永远不能令人满意。as引导让步状语从句, 状语提至句首时, 从句要使用部分倒装。
7.答案：had
解析：考查倒装和时态。句意: 我们刚在桌子旁坐下, 电话铃就响了。否定副词hardly, never, scarcely, barely等位于句首时, 其后的主句要用部分倒装形式; hardly...when...为固定句式, when从句时态使用一般过去时, 而主句则使用过去完成时。
8.答案：teaching
解析：句意为: 我在中国教书的时候, 学到了很多关于中国人生活的知识。本句用到了时间状语从句的省略, 完整的从句为when I'm teaching in China, 状语从句的主语I和teach为主动关系。结合状语从句的省略规则可知, 状语从句的主语和主句主语一致, 同时从句中用到了be动词, 可以省略从句主语和be动词。故填teaching。
9.答案：walking
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：在公园散步时，Lily遇到了一位老朋友。分析句子结构可知，逗号前是状语从句，其主语与主句主语所指为同一人，且表示正在进行的动作，由主句时态可知，应用过去进行时，即when she was walking in the park，当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，省略从句中的主语和be动词，因而设空处需填入walking。故填walking。
10.答案：defeated
解析：分析可知，此处是一个由although引导的省略句，原句为although we were defeated in the match，比处省略了与主句主语一致的从句主语及be动词were。故填：defeated。
二、阅读理解
答案：1-4 BCCD
解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第二段While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were simultaneously (同时地） shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, they were supposed to perform the gesture themselves.(当测试对象第一次听到新词汇时，他们同时看到了一段视频，视频中有人做了一个与单词意思相匹配的手势。当这个词被重复时，他们应该自己做这个手势。）可知，测试对象被要求重复视频里的人所做的事。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures.(研究人员得出结论，运动皮层有助于翻译通过手势学习的词汇。）可知，发送脉冲是为了确认运动皮层的功能。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms.(我认为我们在课堂上没有充分利用手势。）可知，Brian Mathias认为这一研究可以用于课堂教学。故选C。
4.标题归纳题。 根据第一段But if you also gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. Linking a word to brain areas responsible for movement strengthens the memory of its meaning.(但如果你在学习的时候也用手臂做手势，即使几个月后，你也能更好地记住词汇。将一个单词与大脑负责运动的区域联系起来，可以加强对其含义的记忆。）可知，文章主要介绍了当学习一门外语时，大多数都采取了传统的方法：读、写、听和重复。但是如果你在学习的同时加上手势动作，可以帮助你更好地记住词汇。所以D. Gestures Help Learn New Words（手势有助于学习新单词）作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
三、语法填空
答案：①for ②was preferred ③traditional ④widely ⑤shapes ⑥it ⑦who ⑧to add ⑨The ⑩designed
解析：①考查介词。句意为:中国古代建筑以其精美的木结构、典雅的外表和美丽的装饰而引人注目。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处应用介词for,解释stands out的原因。故填for。
②考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为:为了在频繁的洪水和其他自然灾害中生存,中国古代大多数建筑结构都首选木材。根据状语in ancient China可知,此处应用一般过去时。wood在此处为不可数名词,与prefer为被动关系,故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was preferred。
③考查词性转换。句意为:中国传统木结构的组成是相当复杂的,有时根本不用钉子。此处修饰名词短语 wooden structures,应用形容词。故填traditional。
④考查词形变化。句意为:除此之外,现存的中国古代建筑也因其优美的轮廓和各种各样的特征而广受赞誉,如悬挑的屋檐、上翘的屋角和不同形状的屋顶。此处修饰动词praised, 表示"广泛地",应用副词widely。
⑤考查名词单复数。句意见上一题解析。根据空前的different再结合句意可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填shapes。
⑥考查代词。句意为:独特的外观不仅满足了实用功能,而且使建筑拥有美观成为可能。make it possible for sb./sth. to do sth.为固定句式。此处应填it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的to have wonderful appearances。
⑦考查定语从句。句意为:中国古代的建筑师特别注重装饰,会根据特定的建筑功能或当地风俗习惯采用不同的色彩或绘画。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Architects in ancient China,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填who。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意为:使用雕梁、彩绘椽和各种图案,为室内增添了一种多姿多彩的美丽风格。be used to do sth.意为"被用来做某事",为固定搭配。故填to add。
⑨考查冠词。句意为:建筑物的外部装饰有石狮、外影壁、装饰柱以及鲜花。此处特指建筑物的外部,应用定冠词。故填The。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意为:许多由著名建筑师设计的古建筑每年都会吸引大量游客。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词attract,且与design之间无连词连接,故此处应用非谓语形式。Many ancient buildings与design之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填designed。
